munn.¹

Brit.

/mʌn/, U.S.

/mən/, Scottish English

/mʌn/

Forms: Middle English 1600s munne, Middle English 1700s– mun, 1600s–1800s munn, 1700s (1800s– Scottish) mund.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Scandinavian forms cited at mouth n.). Compare munpins n.Apparently attested earlier as a Middle English surname, as Galfridi Munne (1287–8); also recorded earlier in place names and field names from the north of England, apparently in extended use with reference to the mouth of a river or valley: compare e.g. Silfburnedalemun (c1200), Depedalemun (1256), Dalemun (a1300), all in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (west midlands and northern).

The mouth. In plural: the jaws, the jowls, the face.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun]

moutheOE

billa1000

munc1400

mussa1529

mouc1540

gan1567

gob1568

bouche1582

oven1593

taster1596

Pipe Office1609

neba1616

gab1681

gam1724

mouthpiece1738

potato-trap1785

potato-jaw1791

fly-trapc1795

trap1796

mouthie1801

mug1820

gin-trap1824

rattletrap1824

box1830

mouf1836

bread trap1838

puss1844

tater-trap1846

gash1852

kissing trap1854

shop1855

north and south1858

mooey1859

kisser1860

gingerbread-trap1864

bazoo1877

bake1893

tattie-trap1894

yap1900

smush1930

gate1937

cakehole1943

motormouth1976

pie hole1983

geggie1985

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun]

leera700

nebeOE

onseneeOE

wlitec950

anlethOE

nebshaftc1225

snouta1300

facec1300

visage1303

semblantc1315

vicea1325

cheera1350

countenance1393

front1398

fashiona1400

visurec1400

physiognomyc1425

groina1500

faxa1522

favour1525

facies1565

visor1575

complexiona1616

frontispiecea1625

mun1667

phiz1687

mug1708

mazard1725

physiog1791

dial plate1811

fizzog1811

jiba1825

dial1837

figurehead1840

Chevy Chase1859

mooey1859

snoot1861

chivvy1889

clock1899

map1899

mush1902

pan1920

kisser1938

boat1958

boat race1958

punim1965

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 44 (MED) Much, maugre his mun, he mot nede suffer.

1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Norbert (1977) l. 1886 Þouȝ þe deuele hatȝ wunne Alle worldly men..It is to litil to his open munne..But if he may wynne..Religious men.

1667 R. Head & F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue (rev. ed.) I. i. iv. 50 Munns, the Face.

1700 E. Ward London Spy II. iii. 16 They..are already advanc'd to the buying of bullocks pettitoes, napper nulls, grunters muns, and the like.

1760 S. Foote Minor i. 39 Why, you jade, you look as rosy this morning, I must have a smack at your muns.

1819 T. Moore in J. S. Farmer Musa Pedestris (1896) 87 His faithful pals..Dares bore Back to his home, with tottering gams..And muns and noddle pink'd in every part.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. (at cited word) A common cry at Coventry on Good Friday is—One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns, Butter them and sugar them and put them in your muns.

1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 57 Mund, the mouth... Muns, the face. ‘Tout the mab's muns’, look at the woman's face.

1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 154 Mun, the mouth... More commonly ‘muns’.

1979 Bull. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Summer 6 Hod thi din thar, an keep thi mun shut.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Munn.²

Brit.

/mʌn/, U.S.

/mən/

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mun v.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < mun v.

rare. Now historical.

A member of a particular street gang alleged to have been active in London in the second or third quarter of the 17th cent. Usually in plural, with the.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > other people of low rank or condition > [noun] > street people > street loafer or ruffian

beater1483

lazzaro1650

Mun1691

Hawcubite1712

blackguard1732

lazzarone1792

1691 T. Shadwell Scowrers i. i. 3 Why I knew the Hectors, and before them the Muns and the Titire Tu's, they were brave fellows indeed.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 361 Several dynasties of these tyrants had, since the Restoration, domineered over the streets. The Muns and Tityre Tus had given place to the Hectors, and the Hectors had been recently succeeded by the Scourers.

1927 M. Summers in T. Shadwell Compl. Wks. I. ccxxiv Other fraternities who specialized in nocturnal street rows were the Circling-Boys, the Twibills, the Huffs, the Muns, the Swashes, the Tuquoques, and the Lords of the Sword.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

munpron.

Brit.

/mʌn/, U.S.

/mən/

Forms: 1700s– men, 1700s– min, 1700s– mun.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: hymen pron.

Etymology: Shortened < hymen pron. The development of senses 2 and 3 is unclear, and contextual evidence for them is limited; perhaps compare man pron., men pron., though both are last attested considerably earlier.

English regional (south-western).

1. Them.

ΚΠ

1746 Exmoor Courtship I. 418 Tes wor twonty nobles a year and a puss to put min in.

1777–8 R. Wight Horæ Subsecivæ (MS Bodl. Eng. lang. d.66) 5 Let mun go.

1842 H. J. Daniel Bride of Scio 176 in Eng. Dial. Dict Never mind the cows, I'll take a rad and draive mun in the howze.

1846 J. Trenoodle Spec. Dial. 28 Dest a like men?

1895 ‘Q’ Wandering Heath 41 I mind the first time I seed mun.

1909 Devonshire Verbal Provincialisms 118 I gid mun all they asked.

1986 J. Downes Dict. Devon Dial. 62 I knawed mun well enough.

2. Him; it. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1777–8 R. Wight Horæ Subsecivæ (MS Bodl. Eng. lang. d.66) 5 Let men vel min alone.

1858 N. Hogg Poet. Lett. 1st Ser. 70 Ha let min zee tha whit-witch vust.

1892 H. C. O'Neill Devonshire Idyls 67 'Twould sarve un right if I telled the parson of mun.

1893 W. S. Pasmore Stories Devon & Cornwall 7 At last Jeames took'd up 'e's wheel and trundled mun along.

1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. xi. 70 Doctor talks a might get well if a drunk the physic a gies mun.

3. One; a person. Now rare.

ΚΠ

a1873 F. Madden in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 204/2 .

1889 A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. V. 163 Don't'ee be zo quick to crow over min agen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

munv.

Brit.

/mʌn/, U.S.

/mən/, Scottish English

/mʌn/

Forms: early Middle English mune ( Ormulum), early Middle English munnde (past tense), Middle English mon, Middle English mond (past tense), Middle English monde (past tense), Middle English mund (past tense), Middle English munde (past tense), Middle English muond (past tense), Middle English mvn, Middle English mvnne, Middle English–1500s mone, Middle English–1700s mun; English regional (chiefly northern and midlands) 1700s munt (Lancashire), 1800s– mon, 1800s– mont (Warwickshire), 1800s– moon, 1800s– moun, 1800s– mun; Scottish pre-1700 mon, pre-1700 mone, pre-1700 monn, pre-1700 moun, pre-1700 1700s– mun; Irish English (northern) 1900s– mun. With negative particle affixed English regional (northern and midlands) 1700s– moant, 1700s– munna, 1700s– munnet, 1700s– munnot, 1800s munno, 1800s munnod, 1800s munnut, 1800s– moan't, 1800s– mohnt, 1800s– mont, 1800s– mo'nt, 1800s– mon't, 1800s– monte, 1800s– mooant, 1800s– mooan't, 1800s– moon't, 1800s– mooun't, 1800s– moun't, 1800s– mowna, 1800s– munet, 1800s– munnah, 1800s– munnat, 1800s– munner, 1800s– mun't, 1900s– monna, 1900s– munt. See also maun v.¹

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < an early Scandinavian auxiliary verb expressing futurity (compare Old Icelandic monu , munu (1st and 3rd singular present indicative mon , mun (also man : see maun v.¹); past tense munda ) shall, will, Old Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) mon , mun , mana , mane , (past tense) monde , munde , mande (Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) †mån , †mon , †månn , (originally past tense) månde , †månne , †monde can, shall, will), Danish (originally past tense) monne , monde shall, will) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic muna to remember (see mone v.).In modern Swedish and Danish, parts of this verb have passed into adverbial use: compare Swedish månne possibly (originally present subjunctive), Danish mon possibly, presumably (originally 1st and 3rd singular present indicative). In modern English regional use the past tense appears to be represented by mud , coincident in form with mud v.², a frequent unstressed variant of the past tense of may v.¹; the two verbs have therefore partly coalesced in the past tense. Occasional regional forms munt , mont in sense 1 (compare quot. 1898 at sense 1a) are probably re-formed after must v.¹ The combination of mun with a negative has various contracted forms (see β forms), the most frequent being mon't /məʊnt/. The word is recorded in Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. in widespread English regional use in the north and midlands and as far south as Oxfordshire and Berkshire; it is still recorded by Surv. Eng. Dial. in widespread use in sense 1 in the north and north midlands. In Scotland and Ireland much less common than maun v.¹, and perhaps to be explained rather as a low-stress variant of this word.

Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern and midlands). A modal auxiliary, normally complemented by the bare infinitive.

a. Expressing necessity or obligation: am (is, or are) obliged to, must. Formerly also in weakened sense, expressing certain futurity: shall. In past tense, expressing the future in the past or a hypothetical condition: should, would.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1967 Ȝho munnde affterr þe laȝhe boc. To dæþe ben istanedd.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7927 All hiss gode dede. Ne mune himm nohht. beon god inoh To berrȝhenn himm fra pine.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 840 (MED) I wene that we deye mone For hunger, þis dere is so strong.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1105 (MED) Þai thoght þat kynd him mond for-bede To haf don suilk a nogli dede.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 5 (MED) I may breke my bow, & þat wold I nott, for þan I monde make mekull sorow.

c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 367 Þou mun pay my rawunsun, Gawan.

c1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 194 Þer-for be ye tru, tru—or ellis sore I mun it rew.

a1556 Certaine Songs in N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) sig. I.j^v I Mun be maried a Sunday.

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. i, in Wks. I. 5 Slid a gentleman mun show himselfe like a gentleman.

1633 in W. Stevenson Presbyterie Bk. Kirkcaldie (1900) 53 That thair mon be som places more eminent than ane uther.

1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia i. i. 7 What will awd Maaster say to this? I mun ne'r see the Face of him I wot.

a1721 M. Prior Song (1st line) Since, Moggy, I mun bid adieu, How can I help despairing?

1781 E. Craven Miniature Picture iii. i. 59 You mun ken that I would have my own chaplain and the whole clan of Macgrinnons be the persons to join our hands.

1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights i. xiii. 318 If Aw mun hev a mistress set o'er my heead, it's loike time tuh be flitting. Aw niver did think tuh say t'day ut aw mud lave th 'owld place.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style xvii An' if I mun doy I mun doy.

1887 J. Croston Enoch Crump's Ghost Story 11 Aw mun do summut.

1898 G. Miller Gloss. Warwicks. Dial. 21 Don't hinder me my boy, I mont finish the howing to-night.

1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden xxvi. 286 He mun come back—that he mun.

1925 C. P. Slater Marget Pow 166 It mun be drouthy work preachin'.

1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 85/2 Ye moant gan bivoot a soop o' soomat.

1943 A. Ransome Picts & Martyrs xiv. 131 I mun be getting along. Summer and back end's our busy time.

1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 54 I'll tell you this little bit, but I mun't tell it all.

b. With verb of motion understood.

ΚΠ

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 506 I mon to my iugement... I hafe none oþer truste bod at I mon come to my iugement before þe hye seatt of Allmyghtie God.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 667 And drew ane swerd..And said, ‘tratour, thou mon heir out.’

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1113 (MED) She mone To the prynce off Aragon By this day sevynnyght.

1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 425 Thow mon to Paris to the King.

a1652 R. Brome City Wit ii. ii. sig. B8, in Five New Playes (1653) The young and the old mun too't, mun too't, The young and the old mun to it; The young ones will learn to do't, to do't, And the Old forget not to do it.

a1676 W. Denny Shepherd's Holiday in Inedited Poet. Misc. (1870) I mun to my cot.

a1843 J. T. Haines Rye House Plot (1883) iii. i. 17 'Ees, 'ees, I smell more rats, ha, ha, ha! I mun to work.

1996 M. C. Smith Rose (1997) ix. 133 ‘I mun t'work,’ she said.

2. Expressing possibility or permission: am (is, or are) able to or permitted to, may. In past tense: was (or were) able to, might. Now rare.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2017 Forr ȝiff þe deofell wære warr. Þatt cristess goddcunndnesse. Himm shollde ræfenn all hiss mahht. & mann kinn ut off helle Ne munnde he næfre letenn himm. Þurrh rode pine cwellenn.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23179 (MED) Þan mund [a1400 Gött. might] he her make his wai.

a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 110 (MED) Decius þan him umbi-thoght How saint Laurence munde be schent.

a1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 143 (MED) Myn soueraigne lady, myn hertis princesse, assure me mercy þat mon my woo redresse.

1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) i. 89 On them in no manner mon [1600 Harl. 2013 may] we not wroken be.

1875 A. Porson Notes Quaint Words Dial. S. Worcs. 7 Monte, or maunt, may not.

1895 M. Mather Lancs. Idylls 320 As thaa sed I mun hev it, I'll tak it.

1896 ‘J. Ackworth’ Clog Shop Chron. 23 Mun I come in?

1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 204/1 Mun Ah ride t'gallawa oot ta-neet?

a1903 W. H. Young in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 204/1 [Berkshire] Maunt, mohnt [may not].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1400

n.²1691

pron.1746

v.c1175

单词	mun
释义	munn.¹ Brit. /mʌn/, U.S. /mən/, Scottish English /mʌn/ Forms: Middle English 1600s munne, Middle English 1700s– mun, 1600s–1800s munn, 1700s (1800s– Scottish) mund. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Scandinavian forms cited at mouth n.). Compare munpins n.Apparently attested earlier as a Middle English surname, as Galfridi Munne (1287–8); also recorded earlier in place names and field names from the north of England, apparently in extended use with reference to the mouth of a river or valley: compare e.g. Silfburnedalemun (c1200), Depedalemun (1256), Dalemun (a1300), all in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (west midlands and northern). The mouth. In plural: the jaws, the jowls, the face. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun] moutheOE billa1000 munc1400 mussa1529 mouc1540 gan1567 gob1568 bouche1582 oven1593 taster1596 Pipe Office1609 neba1616 gab1681 gam1724 mouthpiece1738 potato-trap1785 potato-jaw1791 fly-trapc1795 trap1796 mouthie1801 mug1820 gin-trap1824 rattletrap1824 box1830 mouf1836 bread trap1838 puss1844 tater-trap1846 gash1852 kissing trap1854 shop1855 north and south1858 mooey1859 kisser1860 gingerbread-trap1864 bazoo1877 bake1893 tattie-trap1894 yap1900 smush1930 gate1937 cakehole1943 motormouth1976 pie hole1983 geggie1985 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun] leera700 nebeOE onseneeOE wlitec950 anlethOE nebshaftc1225 snouta1300 facec1300 visage1303 semblantc1315 vicea1325 cheera1350 countenance1393 front1398 fashiona1400 visurec1400 physiognomyc1425 groina1500 faxa1522 favour1525 facies1565 visor1575 complexiona1616 frontispiecea1625 mun1667 phiz1687 mug1708 mazard1725 physiog1791 dial plate1811 fizzog1811 jiba1825 dial1837 figurehead1840 Chevy Chase1859 mooey1859 snoot1861 chivvy1889 clock1899 map1899 mush1902 pan1920 kisser1938 boat1958 boat race1958 punim1965 c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 44 (MED) Much, maugre his mun, he mot nede suffer. 1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Norbert (1977) l. 1886 Þouȝ þe deuele hatȝ wunne Alle worldly men..It is to litil to his open munne..But if he may wynne..Religious men. 1667 R. Head & F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue (rev. ed.) I. i. iv. 50 Munns, the Face. 1700 E. Ward London Spy II. iii. 16 They..are already advanc'd to the buying of bullocks pettitoes, napper nulls, grunters muns, and the like. 1760 S. Foote Minor i. 39 Why, you jade, you look as rosy this morning, I must have a smack at your muns. 1819 T. Moore in J. S. Farmer Musa Pedestris (1896) 87 His faithful pals..Dares bore Back to his home, with tottering gams..And muns and noddle pink'd in every part. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II. (at cited word) A common cry at Coventry on Good Friday is—One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns, Butter them and sugar them and put them in your muns. 1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 57 Mund, the mouth... Muns, the face. ‘Tout the mab's muns’, look at the woman's face. 1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 154 Mun, the mouth... More commonly ‘muns’. 1979 Bull. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Summer 6 Hod thi din thar, an keep thi mun shut. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Munn.² Brit. /mʌn/, U.S. /mən/ Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mun v. Etymology: Origin uncertain; perhaps < mun v. rare. Now historical. A member of a particular street gang alleged to have been active in London in the second or third quarter of the 17th cent. Usually in plural, with the. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > other people of low rank or condition > [noun] > street people > street loafer or ruffian beater1483 lazzaro1650 Mun1691 Hawcubite1712 blackguard1732 lazzarone1792 1691 T. Shadwell Scowrers i. i. 3 Why I knew the Hectors, and before them the Muns and the Titire Tu's, they were brave fellows indeed. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 361 Several dynasties of these tyrants had, since the Restoration, domineered over the streets. The Muns and Tityre Tus had given place to the Hectors, and the Hectors had been recently succeeded by the Scourers. 1927 M. Summers in T. Shadwell Compl. Wks. I. ccxxiv Other fraternities who specialized in nocturnal street rows were the Circling-Boys, the Twibills, the Huffs, the Muns, the Swashes, the Tuquoques, and the Lords of the Sword. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). munpron. Brit. /mʌn/, U.S. /mən/ Forms: 1700s– men, 1700s– min, 1700s– mun. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: hymen pron. Etymology: Shortened < hymen pron. The development of senses 2 and 3 is unclear, and contextual evidence for them is limited; perhaps compare man pron., men pron., though both are last attested considerably earlier. English regional (south-western). 1. Them. ΚΠ 1746 Exmoor Courtship I. 418 Tes wor twonty nobles a year and a puss to put min in. 1777–8 R. Wight Horæ Subsecivæ (MS Bodl. Eng. lang. d.66) 5 Let mun go. 1842 H. J. Daniel Bride of Scio 176 in Eng. Dial. Dict Never mind the cows, I'll take a rad and draive mun in the howze. 1846 J. Trenoodle Spec. Dial. 28 Dest a like men? 1895 ‘Q’ Wandering Heath 41 I mind the first time I seed mun. 1909 Devonshire Verbal Provincialisms 118 I gid mun all they asked. 1986 J. Downes Dict. Devon Dial. 62 I knawed mun well enough. 2. Him; it. Now rare. ΚΠ 1777–8 R. Wight Horæ Subsecivæ (MS Bodl. Eng. lang. d.66) 5 Let men vel min alone. 1858 N. Hogg Poet. Lett. 1st Ser. 70 Ha let min zee tha whit-witch vust. 1892 H. C. O'Neill Devonshire Idyls 67 'Twould sarve un right if I telled the parson of mun. 1893 W. S. Pasmore Stories Devon & Cornwall 7 At last Jeames took'd up 'e's wheel and trundled mun along. 1932 R. Macaulay They were Defeated i. xi. 70 Doctor talks a might get well if a drunk the physic a gies mun. 3. One; a person. Now rare. ΚΠ a1873 F. Madden in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 204/2 . 1889 A. J. Ellis On Early Eng. Pronunc. V. 163 Don't'ee be zo quick to crow over min agen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). munv. Brit. /mʌn/, U.S. /mən/, Scottish English /mʌn/ Forms: early Middle English mune ( Ormulum), early Middle English munnde (past tense), Middle English mon, Middle English mond (past tense), Middle English monde (past tense), Middle English mund (past tense), Middle English munde (past tense), Middle English muond (past tense), Middle English mvn, Middle English mvnne, Middle English–1500s mone, Middle English–1700s mun; English regional (chiefly northern and midlands) 1700s munt (Lancashire), 1800s– mon, 1800s– mont (Warwickshire), 1800s– moon, 1800s– moun, 1800s– mun; Scottish pre-1700 mon, pre-1700 mone, pre-1700 monn, pre-1700 moun, pre-1700 1700s– mun; Irish English (northern) 1900s– mun. With negative particle affixed English regional (northern and midlands) 1700s– moant, 1700s– munna, 1700s– munnet, 1700s– munnot, 1800s munno, 1800s munnod, 1800s munnut, 1800s– moan't, 1800s– mohnt, 1800s– mont, 1800s– mo'nt, 1800s– mon't, 1800s– monte, 1800s– mooant, 1800s– mooan't, 1800s– moon't, 1800s– mooun't, 1800s– moun't, 1800s– mowna, 1800s– munet, 1800s– munnah, 1800s– munnat, 1800s– munner, 1800s– mun't, 1900s– monna, 1900s– munt. See also maun v.¹ Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < an early Scandinavian auxiliary verb expressing futurity (compare Old Icelandic monu , munu (1st and 3rd singular present indicative mon , mun (also man : see maun v.¹); past tense munda ) shall, will, Old Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) mon , mun , mana , mane , (past tense) monde , munde , mande (Swedish (1st and 3rd singular present indicative) †mån , †mon , †månn , (originally past tense) månde , †månne , †monde can, shall, will), Danish (originally past tense) monne , monde shall, will) < the same Scandinavian base as Old Icelandic muna to remember (see mone v.).In modern Swedish and Danish, parts of this verb have passed into adverbial use: compare Swedish månne possibly (originally present subjunctive), Danish mon possibly, presumably (originally 1st and 3rd singular present indicative). In modern English regional use the past tense appears to be represented by mud , coincident in form with mud v.², a frequent unstressed variant of the past tense of may v.¹; the two verbs have therefore partly coalesced in the past tense. Occasional regional forms munt , mont in sense 1 (compare quot. 1898 at sense 1a) are probably re-formed after must v.¹ The combination of mun with a negative has various contracted forms (see β forms), the most frequent being mon't /məʊnt/. The word is recorded in Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. in widespread English regional use in the north and midlands and as far south as Oxfordshire and Berkshire; it is still recorded by Surv. Eng. Dial. in widespread use in sense 1 in the north and north midlands. In Scotland and Ireland much less common than maun v.¹, and perhaps to be explained rather as a low-stress variant of this word. Scottish and English regional (chiefly northern and midlands). A modal auxiliary, normally complemented by the bare infinitive. 1. a. Expressing necessity or obligation: am (is, or are) obliged to, must. Formerly also in weakened sense, expressing certain futurity: shall. In past tense, expressing the future in the past or a hypothetical condition: should, would. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1967 Ȝho munnde affterr þe laȝhe boc. To dæþe ben istanedd. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7927 All hiss gode dede. Ne mune himm nohht. beon god inoh To berrȝhenn himm fra pine. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 840 (MED) I wene that we deye mone For hunger, þis dere is so strong. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1105 (MED) Þai thoght þat kynd him mond for-bede To haf don suilk a nogli dede. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 5 (MED) I may breke my bow, & þat wold I nott, for þan I monde make mekull sorow. c1475 (?c1425) Avowing of King Arthur (1984) l. 367 Þou mun pay my rawunsun, Gawan. c1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 194 Þer-for be ye tru, tru—or ellis sore I mun it rew. a1556 Certaine Songs in N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) sig. I.j^v I Mun be maried a Sunday. 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. i, in Wks. I. 5 Slid a gentleman mun show himselfe like a gentleman. 1633 in W. Stevenson Presbyterie Bk. Kirkcaldie (1900) 53 That thair mon be som places more eminent than ane uther. 1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia i. i. 7 What will awd Maaster say to this? I mun ne'r see the Face of him I wot. a1721 M. Prior Song (1st line) Since, Moggy, I mun bid adieu, How can I help despairing? 1781 E. Craven Miniature Picture iii. i. 59 You mun ken that I would have my own chaplain and the whole clan of Macgrinnons be the persons to join our hands. 1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights i. xiii. 318 If Aw mun hev a mistress set o'er my heead, it's loike time tuh be flitting. Aw niver did think tuh say t'day ut aw mud lave th 'owld place. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style xvii An' if I mun doy I mun doy. 1887 J. Croston Enoch Crump's Ghost Story 11 Aw mun do summut. 1898 G. Miller Gloss. Warwicks. Dial. 21 Don't hinder me my boy, I mont finish the howing to-night. 1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden xxvi. 286 He mun come back—that he mun. 1925 C. P. Slater Marget Pow 166 It mun be drouthy work preachin'. 1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 85/2 Ye moant gan bivoot a soop o' soomat. 1943 A. Ransome Picts & Martyrs xiv. 131 I mun be getting along. Summer and back end's our busy time. 1984 C. Kightly Country Voices ii. 54 I'll tell you this little bit, but I mun't tell it all. b. With verb of motion understood. ΚΠ c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 506 I mon to my iugement... I hafe none oþer truste bod at I mon come to my iugement before þe hye seatt of Allmyghtie God. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 667 And drew ane swerd..And said, ‘tratour, thou mon heir out.’ a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) 1113 (MED) She mone To the prynce off Aragon By this day sevynnyght. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 425 Thow mon to Paris to the King. a1652 R. Brome City Wit ii. ii. sig. B8, in Five New Playes (1653) The young and the old mun too't, mun too't, The young and the old mun to it; The young ones will learn to do't, to do't, And the Old forget not to do it. a1676 W. Denny Shepherd's Holiday in Inedited Poet. Misc. (1870) I mun to my cot. a1843 J. T. Haines Rye House Plot (1883) iii. i. 17 'Ees, 'ees, I smell more rats, ha, ha, ha! I mun to work. 1996 M. C. Smith Rose (1997) ix. 133 ‘I mun t'work,’ she said. 2. Expressing possibility or permission: am (is, or are) able to or permitted to, may. In past tense: was (or were) able to, might. Now rare. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2017 Forr ȝiff þe deofell wære warr. Þatt cristess goddcunndnesse. Himm shollde ræfenn all hiss mahht. & mann kinn ut off helle Ne munnde he næfre letenn himm. Þurrh rode pine cwellenn. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 23179 (MED) Þan mund [a1400 Gött. might] he her make his wai. a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 110 (MED) Decius þan him umbi-thoght How saint Laurence munde be schent. a1500 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 143 (MED) Myn soueraigne lady, myn hertis princesse, assure me mercy þat mon my woo redresse. 1607 (?a1425) Chester Plays (Harl. 2124) i. 89 On them in no manner mon [1600 Harl. 2013 may] we not wroken be. 1875 A. Porson Notes Quaint Words Dial. S. Worcs. 7 Monte, or maunt, may not. 1895 M. Mather Lancs. Idylls 320 As thaa sed I mun hev it, I'll tak it. 1896 ‘J. Ackworth’ Clog Shop Chron. 23 Mun I come in? 1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 204/1 Mun Ah ride t'gallawa oot ta-neet? a1903 W. H. Young in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 204/1 [Berkshire] Maunt, mohnt [may not]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1400n.²1691pron.1746v.c1175
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munn.1

Munn.2

munpron.

munv.

munn.¹

Munn.²