bachelorn.

/ˈbatʃələ/

Forms: Middle English–1500s bacheler, Middle English–1600s bachiler, Middle English bachilere, bachiller, bachillier, bachler(e, bachelere, Middle English– bachylere, baculere, Middle English–1500s bachelar, 1500s batchellour, batchelar, bacchelaure, 1500s–1600s batcheler, batchellor, batcheller, batchler, 1600s bachelaur, bachelour, batchiler, 1600s–1700s batchelour, 1700s bachellour, Middle English– bachelor.

Etymology: < Old French bacheler = Provençal bacalar , Italian baccalare < Latin type *baccalāris , of doubtful origin. The later French bachelier is corrupted in the termination, as is the 16th cent. English bachelour , bachelor : compare ancestor n., and see -or suffix. The original meaning being uncertain, the sense-development is also doubtful. Of medieval Latin baccalāris only a few late instances occur (in sense 1), which might be from the modern languages (see Du Cange, Bacularis). It was, however, probably connected with baccalāria, a division of land, of which the size and nature varied at different times, and with the adjectives baccalarius, baccalaria, applied in 8th cent. to rustics male and female who worked for the colonus or tenant of a mansus. (See Deloche, Cartulaire de Beaulieu Introd. éclairc. xxii.) But the precise relation of *baccalāris to these words, and its subsequent history are still uncertain. Still more doubtful is its derivation: baccalaria is with some probability referred to bacca, late Latin and Romanic for vacca cow, through *baccālis (compare ovīlis < ovis sheep), in which case it might be ‘grazing farm,’ and baccalarius one employed on it, the assistant of a colonus who had not a mansus of his own; Littré (without accounting for the sense) suggests Celtic bachall stick ( < Latin baculus); the Welsh bach ‘little’ must be definitely discarded, its old Celtic form being bicc- or becc-, Irish becc. (Thurneysen.)

a. A young knight, not old enough, or having too few vassals, to display his own banner, and who therefore followed the banner of another; a novice in arms. [On this sense was founded the conjectural etymology of bas chevalier.]

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > young

bachelor1297

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 453 Syre ȝong bacheler..þow art strong & corageus.

c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 16 Yong, fressh, strong, and in Armes desirous, As any Bacheler [v.r. bachiler(e, -elere, -illier] of al his hous.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8541 He was a borli bachelere, In al þat werld had he na pere.

1415 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 125 Passe we all now in fere, duke, erle, and bachelere.

c1500 Partenay 1925 This knight is A worthi baculere.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. i. cclxiv. 390 Let sir Johan Chandos do his by himselfe, sythe he is but a bacheler.

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 150 Vavassors, who obtained knighthood, were commonly styled bachelors.

b. Knight Bachelor: a knight of the lowest but most ancient order; the full title of a gentleman who has been knighted (without belonging to any one of the specially named ‘orders’).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > position of commander in an order > Knight Bachelor

pennonc1425

Knight Bachelor1609

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for knight > for Knight Bachelor

Knight Bachelor1609

1609 Sir T. Smith's Common-wealth (rev. ed.) 25 He [a banneret] being before a batcheler knight, is now of a higher degree.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 336 These Knights..were anciently call'd Baccalaurei, or Bachelors.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. Knight-bachelor a simple knight, and not knight-banneret, or knight of the bath.

1883 Whitaker's Almanack 108 Knights Bachelors: a list of those Gentlemen [in number 278] who have received the honour of knighthood.

†2. A junior or inferior member, or ‘yeoman,’ of a trade-guild, or City Company. Obsolete.In London, their position and functions seem to have varied at different times, and in different Companies; in later times Bachelors were appointed only for ceremonial occasions, chiefly when one of the Company was chosen Lord Mayor, their duty being ‘to serve in foynes and budge’ on Lord Mayor's Day. So in Bye Laws of Grocers' Company of 1711.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of guild, etc. > junior

bachelor1427

1390 Archives of Grocers' Comp. 76 Eslieuxz Mesteres dez Grocers Roberd Peper et Herri Hatton Bacheleres.]

1427 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 5 Diuerse persones ikallyd Bacheleris.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 18 A barge also of Batchlers of the Majors crafte.

1691 Blount's Νομο-λεξικον (ed. 2) (at cited word) Every Company of the Twelve, consists of a Master, two Wardens, the Livery, (which are Assistants in Matters of Council, or at the least, such as the Assistants are chosen out of) and the Bachelors, who are yet but in expectance of Dignity among them, and have their Function only in attendance upon the Master and Wardens.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (at cited word) The bachelors, in other companies called the yeomanry.

a. One who has taken the first or lowest degree at a university, who is not yet a master of the Arts. (In this use, a woman may now be Bachelor of Arts, etc.)In this sense, latinized as baccalarius, subsequently altered by a pun or wordplay to baccalaureus as if connected with bacca lauri laurel berry, which has sometimes been gravely given as the ‘etymology.’

ΘΚΠ

society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > degree holder

master1380

bachelorc1386

doctorc1400

magister1459

sir1557

Dra1593

doctorate1651

baccalaur1661

baccalaureate1696

formed bachelor1738

middle bachelor1759

Mus.B.1801

PhD1839

diplomate1879

maid1881

Mus. Bac.1889

postdoctoral1962

postdoc1964

B.A.-

B.L.-

c1386 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 398 His felawe..was that tyme a Bacheler of lawe.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. Prol. 90 I sauh þer Bisschops Bolde and Bachilers of diuyn.

1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. vi. f. 79^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I They ascende hygher to the estate of Batchelers of arte.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 55 Dominus is now familiar for Sir to euery Batcheler of Art in the Schools.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 18 Every Batchelor is called Doctissimus.

1843 J. T. Coleridge Let. Sept. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. i. 9 Of the scholars several were bachelors.

†b. transferred. An inexperienced person, a novice. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner

younglingOE

new-comeOE

novice1340

ginner?c1400

beginner1470

apprentice1489

prentice1489

infant1526

freshmana1557

intrant1560

enterer1565

puny?1570

weakling1575

new comeling1587

novist1587

incipient1589

puisne1592

abecedary1596

neophyte1600

abecedarian1603

bachelor1604

novelist?1608

alphabetary1611

breeching boy1611

tiro1611

alphabetarian1614

principiant1619

unexperienced1622

velvet head1631

undergraduatea1659

young stager1664

greenhorn1672

battledore boy1693

youngster1706

tironist1716

novitiatea1734

recruit1749

griffin1793

initiate1811

Johnny Newcome1815

Johnny Raw1823

griff1829

plebe1833

Johnny-come-lately1839

new chum1851

blanc-bec1853

fledgling1856

rookie1868

elementarian1876

tenderfoot1881

shorthorn1888

new kid1894

cheechako1897

ring-neck1898

Johnny1901

rook1902

fresh meat1908

malihini1914

initiand1915

stooge1930

intakea1943

cub1966

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) iv. i. 114 Some men will dispute..about matters exceeding their capacitie..I haue heard these batchellors hold talke..wilfully and obstinatly in matters of Philosophie and Diuinitie.

a. An unmarried man (of marriageable age).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried man > [noun]

bachelorc1386

bach1855

c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 34 Bacheleris [v.r. bachilers, -elerys, -elers, -illiers] haue often peyne and wo.

c1450 Songs & Carols (1847) 35 If thou be a bachelar, And bryngest hom a wyfe.

1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 223 She was to olde a mayde for so yonge a bachelar.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 24 The syngle lyfe of Bacchelaures.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe iv. sig. F^v His wife!..I haue heard him sweare he was a batchiler.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 18. ⁋5 The unsettled, thoughtless condition of a batchelor.

1856 F. E. Paget Owlet of Owlstone Edge 151 A series of bachelor-incumbents.

1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. ix. 156 Nursery..dialect, offensive to the ears of old bachelors.

b. bachelor's wife: the ideal wife of which a bachelor theorizes or dreams.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > tendency towards romance > [noun] > ideal person

bachelor's wife1546

Prince Charming1855

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > fitness for marriage > [noun] > marriageable person > woman desirable or ideal as wife

bachelor's wife1546

Miss Right1890

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vi. sig. I Bachelers wiues, & maides children be well tought.

1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband i. i. 9 Ay! ay!..Batchelors' Wives, indeed, are finely govern'd.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 503 The ‘bachelor's wife’..occupies a large place in our literature, as the mistress of all the poets who ever wrote on love without actually experiencing it.

c. transferred. One of the young male fur-seals which are kept away from the breeding-grounds by the adult bulls. (These are the seals which may legally be killed for their fur.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Pinnipedia (seal, sea lion, or walrus) > [noun] > family Ostaridae (eared seal) > genus Callorhinus (fur-seal) > male or young

pup1815

bachelor1874

holluschickie1874

sekach1875

1874 Harper's Mag. May 801/2 To the right and left of the breeding grounds stretch sand-beaches..upon which the ‘hollus-chickie’, or the bachelor seals, lie by tens of thousands.

1884 H. W. Elliott Rep. Seal Island Alaska 43 The ‘hollus-chickie’ or ‘bachelor’ seals.

1884 H. W. Elliott Rep. Seal Island Alaska 44 Sports and pastimes of the young ‘bachelors’.

1897 D. W. Thompson in Parl. Papers CII. 422 We saw a body of about 200 bachelors, mostly young or old, those of intermediate ‘killable’ size being very few.

1898 D. S. Jordan Fur Seals i. 50 The bachelor seals begin to arrive at about the same time as the bulls... The older bachelors come first.

d. A size of roofing slate (see quot. 1929).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > stone of the nature of slate > for roofing > piece of > having definite dimensions

countess1803

lady1803

imperial1813

queen1819

duchess1823

princess1834

size-slate1865

marchioness1878

viscountess1878

bachelor1898

muffity1914

1898 in E.D.D.

1914 M. S. Gretton Corner of Cotswolds ix. 175 The tiles for our roofs are called, according to their sizes, long wivets, long bachelors, short bachelors, longbecks..muffities, long days, and short days.

1929 N. Lloyd Building Craftsmanship x. 93/1 Sizes of..slates, measuring from centre of peg hole to tail, in inches, are Long bachelors 11 Short bachelors 10½.

e. Canadian. Elliptical for bachelor-apartment at Compounds 1b or bachelor-flat at Compounds 1b. (Advertisers' jargon.)

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > houses occupied by specific types of people

grass house1557

woman-house1566

fishing-house1676

family house1727

henhouse1785

women-house1792

bachelor('s) hall1841

bachelor-apartment1857

garçonnière1927

bachelor1968

bachelorette1973

pit house1974

squat1975

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 45/1 (advt.) Opposite High Park, Bachelors,..2-bedrooms and 3-bedrooms.

1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 26/5 Newly decorated large bachelors; short lease.

1973 Toronto Star 5 Mar. 45/2 Vaughan Rd.—St. Clair, interesting bachelor, in older bldg.

1978 Toronto Star 12 Aug. c13/3 Bachelors, 1 bedroom & 2 bedrooms.

†5. A maid, a single woman. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun]

maid1603

maiden lady1628

bachelora1637

feme sole1714

spinstress1716

maidena1802

spin1842

sworn virgin1910

a1637 B. Jonson Magnetick Lady ii. ii. 20 in Wks. (1640) III Hee would keepe you A Batchler still..And keepe you not alone without a husband, But in a sicknesse.

Compounds

C1.

bachelor girl n. originally U.S. = bachelor woman n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent

bachelor-maid1894

bachelor girl1895

bachelor woman1898

bachelor-lady1924

bachelorette1965

1895 Dial. Notes 1 396 Bachelor-girl, a maiden lady.

1898 G. E. Mitton (title) A Bachelor Girl in London.

1899 Tit-Bits 8 Sept. 452/3 A latch-key—that prized possession and mark of identity of the American bachelor girl.

1906 Queen 10 Nov. 808/2 The term ‘old maid’ is now seldom or never heard; the expression ‘bachelor girl’ has taken its place.

1955 Amer. Speech 30 298 A way of living no doubt explains bachelor girl and not any consideration of gender.

bachelor hall n. (also bachelor's hall, bachelors' hall) see hall n.¹ 11.

bachelor-lady n. rare = bachelor woman n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent

bachelor-maid1894

bachelor girl1895

bachelor woman1898

bachelor-lady1924

bachelorette1965

1924 J. M. Murry Voy. xii. 229 I've been in here as a bachelor lady.

bachelor-maid n. rare = bachelor woman n.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent

bachelor-maid1894

bachelor girl1895

bachelor woman1898

bachelor-lady1924

bachelorette1965

1894 C. C. Harrison (title) A Bachelor Maid.

bachelor party n. one for men only, esp. one marking the end of a bridegroom-to-be's bachelorhood; also bachelor-dinner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > breakfast, dinner, or supper party

dinner party1749

supper party1754

breakfast-party1814

dinner dance1887

bachelor-dinner1902

American supper1916

kitty party1991

society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > party for men only

stag-party1856

bachelor party1902

stag1971

1902 Town & Country 4 Oct. 21/2 In Baltimore, among the first events of the autumn season was the bachelor dinner given at the Baltimore Club last Saturday in honor of Mr. John T. Love, whose marriage to Miss Ellen Jenkins George will shortly take place.

1922 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 569/1 This is only a binge—just a jolly old bachelor-party.

bachelor-room n. a room occupied by a single man.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of occupant > [noun] > other spec.

family room1772

commercial room1836

balakhana1840

bachelor-room1862

1862 W. Stewart Footsteps behind Him II. 46 Never had his bachelor-room looked so bare and cheerless.

bachelor woman n. an unmarried woman who has her own income and lives independently, apart from her family or relatives.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent

bachelor-maid1894

bachelor girl1895

bachelor woman1898

bachelor-lady1924

bachelorette1965

1898 Eng. Dial. Dict. I. 108/2 Bachelor woman is common, spinster being unknown.

1902 Daily Chron. 15 Sept. 3/6 The bachelor woman who earns from two guineas a week.

b. Also bachelor-apartment, bachelor-cottage, bachelor-flat, bachelor-quarters: occupied by a bachelor. (Also attributive in 1a, 4 above.)

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > houses occupied by specific types of people

grass house1557

woman-house1566

fishing-house1676

family house1727

henhouse1785

women-house1792

bachelor('s) hall1841

bachelor-apartment1857

garçonnière1927

bachelor1968

bachelorette1973

pit house1974

squat1975

1857 C. Dickens Little Dorrit ii. xxx. 591 Ah, but he lived in a sweet bachelor-apartment.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xii. 109 Mr. Mortimer Lightwood and Mr. Eugene Wrayburn..had taken a bachelor cottage near Hampton.

1912 T. Dreiser Financier lxxiii. 762 He occupied a bachelor apartment in North Fifteenth Street.

1921 S. McKenna Educ. E. Lane i. 42 If one of your brothers saw fit to invite my sister to a bachelor flat.

1934 H. Brighouse Exhibit C in Best One-act Plays 1933 35 (stage direct.) A minimum of furnishing indicates..that this is a bachelor flat.

1954 T. S. Eliot Confidential Clerk ii. 62 I've come to inspect the new bachelor quarters.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. B3/1 (advt.) Accommodation..from bachelor apartment to 6-bedroom home..in some of Ottawa's finest locations.

C2.

bachelor's buttons n. (also bachelors' buttons) Herbalism a name given to various flowers of round or button-like form; chiefly to certain cultivated double varieties of wild flowers. Originally and commonly, the double variety of a common yellow buttercup, Ranunculus acris; also the Tansy. white bachelor's buttons: originally a double-flowered white Ranunculus ( R. aconitifolius); also Double White Campion ( Lychnis vespertina), Double Sneezewort ( Achillæa Ptarmica), Double Feverfew ( Pyrethrum Parthenium). red bachelor's buttons: Double Red Campion ( Lychnis diurna), some species of Scabious and of Centaurea, the Ragged Robin ( Lychnis Flos-cuculi), etc. See Britten and Holland Plant Names (1878).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > allied flowers

githa1382

nigellaa1398

gollana1400

pilewort?a1425

gold-knop1538

fig-wort1548

lucken gowan1548

melanthion1559

gold crap1571

bachelor's buttons1578

celandine1578

gold cup1578

Goldilocks1578

nigel1578

nigelweed1578

troll flower1578

peppergrass1587

golden cup1589

globe crowfoot1597

globeflower1597

winter aconite1597

kiss-me-twice-before-I-rise1664

devil-in-a-bush1722

globe ranunculus1731

turban1760

love-in-a-mist1787

love-in-a-puzzle1824

fair-grass1825

water buttercup1831

golden knobs1835

ficary1848

New Year's gift1856

bishop wort1863

fennel-flower1863

golden ball1875

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 422 The double Goldcuppes are..called..Bachelers Buttons.

1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. B2^v The Batchelers buttons, whose vertue is to make wanton maidens weepe.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 810 The great double Crowfoote or Batchelers Buttons, hath manie iagged leaues of a deepe greene colour.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole v. 11 Batchelours' buttons, both white and red, are kindes of wilde Campions of a very double forme.

1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) i. vii. 86 If you compare a Bachelor's Button with a wild Buttercup.

Derivatives

bachelor-like adj. like, or of the nature of, a bachelor.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried man > [adjective] > like or of nature of

bachelorlya1586

bachelor-like1611

baccalaurean1848

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bachelier, Bachelerly, bacheler-like.

1824 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall II. 80 To talk in a very bachelor-like strain about the sex.

Draft additions June 2017

son of a bachelor n. used as a term of abuse or contempt; cf. bastard n. 2a.Perhaps sometimes as a euphemistic alternative to stronger terms such as son of a bitch.

ΚΠ

1657 T. Jordan Walks Islington & Hogsdon iv. ii. sig. F4 You son of a Batchelor, do you throw your Pispots upon my head.

1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais Wks. IV. lv. 227 Tack about, helm a Lee, thou Son of a Batchelor.

1861 Warren (Pa.) Mail 16 Feb. Every mothers son of a bachelor was pierced to the heart by the fatal shaft.

1958 Stars & Stripes (European ed.) 20 Mar. 3/4 When some son of a bachelor insults me I insult back twice as hard.

2000 New Republic 10 July 31/2 These sons of bachelors will not intimidate me.

Draft additions March 2008

bachelor pad n. colloquial the home of, or a dwelling suited to, a single man.

ΚΠ

1959 Chicago Tribune 7 June vii. 5/1 When you have a bachelor pad, you can ask your best girl to play hostess at your shindigs.

1976 Milton Keynes Express 28 May 39 (advt.) An ideal bachelor pad conveniently situated with bedroom, bathroom, lounge, kitchen, etc.

2008 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 25 Jan. g8 Units range from 300-square-foot bachelor pads to 600-square-foot, one-bedroom suites.

Draft additions September 2013

bachelor's chest n. (also occasionally bachelor chest) a small chest of drawers, popular esp. in the 18th and 19th centuries, typically having a folding or sliding top section which extends to form a writing desk or table.

ΚΠ

1849 Standard 27 June 1/3 (advt.) A bachelor's chest of plate.

1859 Belfast News-let. 23 Apr. (advt.) Mirrors; tea chests; bachelors' chests.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 60/2 Cabinet from Imperial, with ‘bachelor's chest’ base and shelves for books or bibelots.

1989 Antique Collecting Feb. 5/2 The other example of early mahogany which has helped push up the index is the bachelor chest.

2010 B. Flexner Flexner on Finishing xv. 181 One of the oldest pieces of furniture I've ever worked on—an early 18th-century George II bachelor's chest with a hinged top that opens to a desk.

Draft additions September 2013

bachelor's degree n. the degree awarded on successful completion of a (university) undergraduate course (see sense 3a).

ΚΠ

1677 E. Coles Dict. Eng.-Lat. Bachelors degree, baccalaureatus.

1731 Magna Britannia VI. 28/2 This Person, who took his Bachelor's Degree in Queens College, Oxford.

1775 J. Woodforde Diary 23 June (1924) I. 163 He took his Batchelor's degree but Thursday Sennight.

1893 New Eng. Mag. Mar. 25/1 The University [of Wisconsin] offers six courses of study leading to the bachelor's degree.

1922 Bull. 31st Ann. Reg. 1921–2 (Stanford Univ.) 109 As a recognition of high scholastic attainment the Bachelor's degree may be granted ‘with distinction’ or ‘with great distinction’.

2003 Y. B. Moore Triple Take i. 5 He was awarded a bachelor's degree in constructive sciences and promised himself to return to school someday to get his master's degree.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	bachelor
释义	bachelorn. /ˈbatʃələ/ Forms: Middle English–1500s bacheler, Middle English–1600s bachiler, Middle English bachilere, bachiller, bachillier, bachler(e, bachelere, Middle English– bachylere, baculere, Middle English–1500s bachelar, 1500s batchellour, batchelar, bacchelaure, 1500s–1600s batcheler, batchellor, batcheller, batchler, 1600s bachelaur, bachelour, batchiler, 1600s–1700s batchelour, 1700s bachellour, Middle English– bachelor. Etymology: < Old French bacheler = Provençal bacalar , Italian baccalare < Latin type baccalāris , of doubtful origin. The later French bachelier* is corrupted in the termination, as is the 16th cent. English bachelour , bachelor : compare ancestor n., and see -or suffix. The original meaning being uncertain, the sense-development is also doubtful. Of medieval Latin baccalāris only a few late instances occur (in sense 1), which might be from the modern languages (see Du Cange, Bacularis). It was, however, probably connected with baccalāria, a division of land, of which the size and nature varied at different times, and with the adjectives baccalarius, baccalaria, applied in 8th cent. to rustics male and female who worked for the colonus or tenant of a mansus. (See Deloche, Cartulaire de Beaulieu Introd. éclairc. xxii.) But the precise relation of baccalāris to these words, and its subsequent history are still uncertain. Still more doubtful is its derivation: baccalaria* is with some probability referred to bacca, late Latin and Romanic for vacca cow, through baccālis (compare ovīlis* < ovis sheep), in which case it might be ‘grazing farm,’ and baccalarius one employed on it, the assistant of a colonus who had not a mansus of his own; Littré (without accounting for the sense) suggests Celtic bachall stick ( < Latin baculus); the Welsh bach ‘little’ must be definitely discarded, its old Celtic form being bicc- or becc-, Irish becc. (Thurneysen.) 1. a. A young knight, not old enough, or having too few vassals, to display his own banner, and who therefore followed the banner of another; a novice in arms. [On this sense was founded the conjectural etymology of bas chevalier.] ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > young bachelor1297 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 453 Syre ȝong bacheler..þow art strong & corageus. c1386 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 16 Yong, fressh, strong, and in Armes desirous, As any Bacheler [v.r. bachiler(e, -elere, -illier] of al his hous. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8541 He was a borli bachelere, In al þat werld had he na pere. 1415 in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1859) II. 125 Passe we all now in fere, duke, erle, and bachelere. c1500 Partenay 1925 This knight is A worthi baculere. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. i. cclxiv. 390 Let sir Johan Chandos do his by himselfe, sythe he is but a bacheler. 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 150 Vavassors, who obtained knighthood, were commonly styled bachelors. b. Knight Bachelor: a knight of the lowest but most ancient order; the full title of a gentleman who has been knighted (without belonging to any one of the specially named ‘orders’). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > position of commander in an order > Knight Bachelor pennonc1425 Knight Bachelor1609 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for knight > for Knight Bachelor Knight Bachelor1609 1609 Sir T. Smith's Common-wealth (rev. ed.) 25 He [a banneret] being before a batcheler knight, is now of a higher degree. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 336 These Knights..were anciently call'd Baccalaurei, or Bachelors. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. Knight-bachelor a simple knight, and not knight-banneret, or knight of the bath. 1883 Whitaker's Almanack 108 Knights Bachelors: a list of those Gentlemen [in number 278] who have received the honour of knighthood. †2. A junior or inferior member, or ‘yeoman,’ of a trade-guild, or City Company. Obsolete.In London, their position and functions seem to have varied at different times, and in different Companies; in later times Bachelors were appointed only for ceremonial occasions, chiefly when one of the Company was chosen Lord Mayor, their duty being ‘to serve in foynes and budge’ on Lord Mayor's Day. So in Bye Laws of Grocers' Company of 1711. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > those involved in labour relations > [noun] > member of guild, etc. > junior bachelor1427 1390 Archives of Grocers' Comp. 76 Eslieuxz Mesteres dez Grocers Roberd Peper et Herri Hatton Bacheleres.] 1427 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 5 Diuerse persones ikallyd Bacheleris. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 18 A barge also of Batchlers of the Majors crafte. 1691 Blount's Νομο-λεξικον (ed. 2) (at cited word) Every Company of the Twelve, consists of a Master, two Wardens, the Livery, (which are Assistants in Matters of Council, or at the least, such as the Assistants are chosen out of) and the Bachelors, who are yet but in expectance of Dignity among them, and have their Function only in attendance upon the Master and Wardens. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. (at cited word) The bachelors, in other companies called the yeomanry. 3. a. One who has taken the first or lowest degree at a university, who is not yet a master of the Arts. (In this use, a woman may now be Bachelor of Arts, etc.)In this sense, latinized as baccalarius, subsequently altered by a pun or wordplay to baccalaureus as if connected with bacca lauri laurel berry, which has sometimes been gravely given as the ‘etymology.’ ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] > degree holder master1380 bachelorc1386 doctorc1400 magister1459 sir1557 Dra1593 doctorate1651 baccalaur1661 baccalaureate1696 formed bachelor1738 middle bachelor1759 Mus.B.1801 PhD1839 diplomate1879 maid1881 Mus. Bac.1889 postdoctoral1962 postdoc1964 B.A.- B.L.- c1386 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 398 His felawe..was that tyme a Bacheler of lawe. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. Prol. 90 I sauh þer Bisschops Bolde and Bachilers of diuyn. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. vi. f. 79^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I They ascende hygher to the estate of Batchelers of arte. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 55 Dominus is now familiar for Sir to euery Batcheler of Art in the Schools. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 18 Every Batchelor is called Doctissimus. 1843 J. T. Coleridge Let. Sept. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. i. 9 Of the scholars several were bachelors. †b. transferred. An inexperienced person, a novice. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > [noun] > novice or beginner younglingOE new-comeOE novice1340 ginner?c1400 beginner1470 apprentice1489 prentice1489 infant1526 freshmana1557 intrant1560 enterer1565 puny?1570 weakling1575 new comeling1587 novist1587 incipient1589 puisne1592 abecedary1596 neophyte1600 abecedarian1603 bachelor1604 novelist?1608 alphabetary1611 breeching boy1611 tiro1611 alphabetarian1614 principiant1619 unexperienced1622 velvet head1631 undergraduatea1659 young stager1664 greenhorn1672 battledore boy1693 youngster1706 tironist1716 novitiatea1734 recruit1749 griffin1793 initiate1811 Johnny Newcome1815 Johnny Raw1823 griff1829 plebe1833 Johnny-come-lately1839 new chum1851 blanc-bec1853 fledgling1856 rookie1868 elementarian1876 tenderfoot1881 shorthorn1888 new kid1894 cheechako1897 ring-neck1898 Johnny1901 rook1902 fresh meat1908 malihini1914 initiand1915 stooge1930 intakea1943 cub1966 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) iv. i. 114 Some men will dispute..about matters exceeding their capacitie..I haue heard these batchellors hold talke..wilfully and obstinatly in matters of Philosophie and Diuinitie. 4. a. An unmarried man (of marriageable age). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried man > [noun] bachelorc1386 bach1855 c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 34 Bacheleris [v.r. bachilers, -elerys, -elers, -illiers] haue often peyne and wo. c1450 Songs & Carols (1847) 35 If thou be a bachelar, And bryngest hom a wyfe. 1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 223 She was to olde a mayde for so yonge a bachelar. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 24 The syngle lyfe of Bacchelaures. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster North-ward Hoe iv. sig. F^v His wife!..I haue heard him sweare he was a batchiler. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 18. ⁋5 The unsettled, thoughtless condition of a batchelor. 1856 F. E. Paget Owlet of Owlstone Edge 151 A series of bachelor-incumbents. 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. ix. 156 Nursery..dialect, offensive to the ears of old bachelors. b. bachelor's wife: the ideal wife of which a bachelor theorizes or dreams. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > faculty of conceiving ideals > tendency towards romance > [noun] > ideal person bachelor's wife1546 Prince Charming1855 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > fitness for marriage > [noun] > marriageable person > woman desirable or ideal as wife bachelor's wife1546 Miss Right1890 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vi. sig. I Bachelers wiues, & maides children be well tought. 1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband i. i. 9 Ay! ay!..Batchelors' Wives, indeed, are finely govern'd. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 503 The ‘bachelor's wife’..occupies a large place in our literature, as the mistress of all the poets who ever wrote on love without actually experiencing it. c. transferred. One of the young male fur-seals which are kept away from the breeding-grounds by the adult bulls. (These are the seals which may legally be killed for their fur.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Pinnipedia (seal, sea lion, or walrus) > [noun] > family Ostaridae (eared seal) > genus Callorhinus (fur-seal) > male or young pup1815 bachelor1874 holluschickie1874 sekach1875 1874 Harper's Mag. May 801/2 To the right and left of the breeding grounds stretch sand-beaches..upon which the ‘hollus-chickie’, or the bachelor seals, lie by tens of thousands. 1884 H. W. Elliott Rep. Seal Island Alaska 43 The ‘hollus-chickie’ or ‘bachelor’ seals. 1884 H. W. Elliott Rep. Seal Island Alaska 44 Sports and pastimes of the young ‘bachelors’. 1897 D. W. Thompson in Parl. Papers CII. 422 We saw a body of about 200 bachelors, mostly young or old, those of intermediate ‘killable’ size being very few. 1898 D. S. Jordan Fur Seals i. 50 The bachelor seals begin to arrive at about the same time as the bulls... The older bachelors come first. d. A size of roofing slate (see quot. 1929). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > stone of the nature of slate > for roofing > piece of > having definite dimensions countess1803 lady1803 imperial1813 queen1819 duchess1823 princess1834 size-slate1865 marchioness1878 viscountess1878 bachelor1898 muffity1914 1898 in E.D.D. 1914 M. S. Gretton Corner of Cotswolds ix. 175 The tiles for our roofs are called, according to their sizes, long wivets, long bachelors, short bachelors, longbecks..muffities, long days, and short days. 1929 N. Lloyd Building Craftsmanship x. 93/1 Sizes of..slates, measuring from centre of peg hole to tail, in inches, are Long bachelors 11 Short bachelors 10½. e. Canadian. Elliptical for bachelor-apartment at Compounds 1b or bachelor-flat at Compounds 1b. (Advertisers' jargon.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > houses occupied by specific types of people grass house1557 woman-house1566 fishing-house1676 family house1727 henhouse1785 women-house1792 bachelor('s) hall1841 bachelor-apartment1857 garçonnière1927 bachelor1968 bachelorette1973 pit house1974 squat1975 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 45/1 (advt.) Opposite High Park, Bachelors,..2-bedrooms and 3-bedrooms. 1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 26/5 Newly decorated large bachelors; short lease. 1973 Toronto Star 5 Mar. 45/2 Vaughan Rd.—St. Clair, interesting bachelor, in older bldg. 1978 Toronto Star 12 Aug. c13/3 Bachelors, 1 bedroom & 2 bedrooms. †5. A maid, a single woman. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] maid1603 maiden lady1628 bachelora1637 feme sole1714 spinstress1716 maidena1802 spin1842 sworn virgin1910 a1637 B. Jonson Magnetick Lady ii. ii. 20 in Wks. (1640) III Hee would keepe you A Batchler still..And keepe you not alone without a husband, But in a sicknesse. Compounds C1. a. bachelor girl n. originally U.S. = bachelor woman n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent bachelor-maid1894 bachelor girl1895 bachelor woman1898 bachelor-lady1924 bachelorette1965 1895 Dial. Notes 1 396 Bachelor-girl, a maiden lady. 1898 G. E. Mitton (title) A Bachelor Girl in London. 1899 Tit-Bits 8 Sept. 452/3 A latch-key—that prized possession and mark of identity of the American bachelor girl. 1906 Queen 10 Nov. 808/2 The term ‘old maid’ is now seldom or never heard; the expression ‘bachelor girl’ has taken its place. 1955 Amer. Speech 30 298 A way of living no doubt explains bachelor girl and not any consideration of gender. bachelor hall n. (also bachelor's hall, bachelors' hall) see hall n.¹ 11. bachelor-lady n. rare = bachelor woman n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent bachelor-maid1894 bachelor girl1895 bachelor woman1898 bachelor-lady1924 bachelorette1965 1924 J. M. Murry Voy. xii. 229 I've been in here as a bachelor lady. bachelor-maid n. rare = bachelor woman n. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent bachelor-maid1894 bachelor girl1895 bachelor woman1898 bachelor-lady1924 bachelorette1965 1894 C. C. Harrison (title) A Bachelor Maid. bachelor party n. one for men only, esp. one marking the end of a bridegroom-to-be's bachelorhood; also bachelor-dinner. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > breakfast, dinner, or supper party dinner party1749 supper party1754 breakfast-party1814 dinner dance1887 bachelor-dinner1902 American supper1916 kitty party1991 society > leisure > social event > social gathering > party > [noun] > party for men only stag-party1856 bachelor party1902 stag1971 1902 Town & Country 4 Oct. 21/2 In Baltimore, among the first events of the autumn season was the bachelor dinner given at the Baltimore Club last Saturday in honor of Mr. John T. Love, whose marriage to Miss Ellen Jenkins George will shortly take place. 1922 Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 569/1 This is only a binge—just a jolly old bachelor-party. bachelor-room n. a room occupied by a single man. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of occupant > [noun] > other spec. family room1772 commercial room1836 balakhana1840 bachelor-room1862 1862 W. Stewart Footsteps behind Him II. 46 Never had his bachelor-room looked so bare and cheerless. bachelor woman n. an unmarried woman who has her own income and lives independently, apart from her family or relatives. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried woman > [noun] > independent bachelor-maid1894 bachelor girl1895 bachelor woman1898 bachelor-lady1924 bachelorette1965 1898 Eng. Dial. Dict. I. 108/2 Bachelor woman is common, spinster being unknown. 1902 Daily Chron. 15 Sept. 3/6 The bachelor woman who earns from two guineas a week. b. Also bachelor-apartment, bachelor-cottage, bachelor-flat, bachelor-quarters: occupied by a bachelor. (Also attributive in 1a, 4 above.) ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > houses occupied by specific types of people grass house1557 woman-house1566 fishing-house1676 family house1727 henhouse1785 women-house1792 bachelor('s) hall1841 bachelor-apartment1857 garçonnière1927 bachelor1968 bachelorette1973 pit house1974 squat1975 1857 C. Dickens Little Dorrit ii. xxx. 591 Ah, but he lived in a sweet bachelor-apartment. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. xii. 109 Mr. Mortimer Lightwood and Mr. Eugene Wrayburn..had taken a bachelor cottage near Hampton. 1912 T. Dreiser Financier lxxiii. 762 He occupied a bachelor apartment in North Fifteenth Street. 1921 S. McKenna Educ. E. Lane i. 42 If one of your brothers saw fit to invite my sister to a bachelor flat. 1934 H. Brighouse Exhibit C in Best One-act Plays 1933 35 (stage direct.) A minimum of furnishing indicates..that this is a bachelor flat. 1954 T. S. Eliot Confidential Clerk ii. 62 I've come to inspect the new bachelor quarters. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. B3/1 (advt.) Accommodation..from bachelor apartment to 6-bedroom home..in some of Ottawa's finest locations. C2. bachelor's buttons n. (also bachelors' buttons) Herbalism a name given to various flowers of round or button-like form; chiefly to certain cultivated double varieties of wild flowers. Originally and commonly, the double variety of a common yellow buttercup, Ranunculus acris; also the Tansy. white bachelor's buttons: originally a double-flowered white Ranunculus ( R. aconitifolius); also Double White Campion ( Lychnis vespertina), Double Sneezewort ( Achillæa Ptarmica), Double Feverfew ( Pyrethrum Parthenium). red bachelor's buttons: Double Red Campion ( Lychnis diurna), some species of Scabious and of Centaurea, the Ragged Robin ( Lychnis Flos-cuculi), etc. See Britten and Holland Plant Names (1878). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > allied flowers githa1382 nigellaa1398 gollana1400 pilewort?a1425 gold-knop1538 fig-wort1548 lucken gowan1548 melanthion1559 gold crap1571 bachelor's buttons1578 celandine1578 gold cup1578 Goldilocks1578 nigel1578 nigelweed1578 troll flower1578 peppergrass1587 golden cup1589 globe crowfoot1597 globeflower1597 winter aconite1597 kiss-me-twice-before-I-rise1664 devil-in-a-bush1722 globe ranunculus1731 turban1760 love-in-a-mist1787 love-in-a-puzzle1824 fair-grass1825 water buttercup1831 golden knobs1835 ficary1848 New Year's gift1856 bishop wort1863 fennel-flower1863 golden ball1875 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 422 The double Goldcuppes are..called..Bachelers Buttons. 1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. B2^v The Batchelers buttons, whose vertue is to make wanton maidens weepe. 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 810 The great double Crowfoote or Batchelers Buttons, hath manie iagged leaues of a deepe greene colour. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole v. 11 Batchelours' buttons, both white and red, are kindes of wilde Campions of a very double forme. 1872 D. Oliver Lessons Elem. Bot. (new ed.) i. vii. 86 If you compare a Bachelor's Button with a wild Buttercup. Derivatives bachelor-like adj. like, or of the nature of, a bachelor. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > unmarried man > [adjective] > like or of nature of bachelorlya1586 bachelor-like1611 baccalaurean1848 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Bachelier, Bachelerly, bacheler-like. 1824 W. Irving Bracebridge Hall II. 80 To talk in a very bachelor-like strain about the sex. Draft additions June 2017 son of a bachelor n. used as a term of abuse or contempt; cf. bastard n. 2a.Perhaps sometimes as a euphemistic alternative to stronger terms such as son of a bitch. ΚΠ 1657 T. Jordan Walks Islington & Hogsdon iv. ii. sig. F4 You son of a Batchelor, do you throw your Pispots upon my head. 1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais Wks. IV. lv. 227 Tack about, helm a Lee, thou Son of a Batchelor. 1861 Warren (Pa.) Mail 16 Feb. Every mothers son of a bachelor was pierced to the heart by the fatal shaft. 1958 Stars & Stripes (European ed.) 20 Mar. 3/4 When some son of a bachelor insults me I insult back twice as hard. 2000 New Republic 10 July 31/2 These sons of bachelors will not intimidate me. Draft additions March 2008 bachelor pad n. colloquial the home of, or a dwelling suited to, a single man. ΚΠ 1959 Chicago Tribune 7 June vii. 5/1 When you have a bachelor pad, you can ask your best girl to play hostess at your shindigs. 1976 Milton Keynes Express 28 May 39 (advt.) An ideal bachelor pad conveniently situated with bedroom, bathroom, lounge, kitchen, etc. 2008 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 25 Jan. g8 Units range from 300-square-foot bachelor pads to 600-square-foot, one-bedroom suites. Draft additions September 2013 bachelor's chest n. (also occasionally bachelor chest) a small chest of drawers, popular esp. in the 18th and 19th centuries, typically having a folding or sliding top section which extends to form a writing desk or table. ΚΠ 1849 Standard 27 June 1/3 (advt.) A bachelor's chest of plate. 1859 Belfast News-let. 23 Apr. (advt.) Mirrors; tea chests; bachelors' chests. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 60/2 Cabinet from Imperial, with ‘bachelor's chest’ base and shelves for books or bibelots. 1989 Antique Collecting Feb. 5/2 The other example of early mahogany which has helped push up the index is the bachelor chest. 2010 B. Flexner Flexner on Finishing xv. 181 One of the oldest pieces of furniture I've ever worked on—an early 18th-century George II bachelor's chest with a hinged top that opens to a desk. Draft additions September 2013 bachelor's degree n. the degree awarded on successful completion of a (university) undergraduate course (see sense 3a). ΚΠ 1677 E. Coles Dict. Eng.-Lat. Bachelors degree, baccalaureatus. 1731 Magna Britannia VI. 28/2 This Person, who took his Bachelor's Degree in Queens College, Oxford. 1775 J. Woodforde Diary 23 June (1924) I. 163 He took his Batchelor's degree but Thursday Sennight. 1893 New Eng. Mag. Mar. 25/1 The University [of Wisconsin] offers six courses of study leading to the bachelor's degree. 1922 Bull. 31st Ann. Reg. 1921–2 (Stanford Univ.) 109 As a recognition of high scholastic attainment the Bachelor's degree may be granted ‘with distinction’ or ‘with great distinction’. 2003 Y. B. Moore Triple Take i. 5 He was awarded a bachelor's degree in constructive sciences and promised himself to return to school someday to get his master's degree. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1297
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