moralen.

Brit.

/məˈrɑːl/, U.S.

/məˈræl/,

/mɔˈræl/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French morale.

Etymology: In sense 1 < French morale (see moral n.). In sense 2 after French moral (see moral n.), with English spelling with final -e perhaps partly by confusion with French morale , and partly as means of indicating pronunciation with stress on second syllable; compare moral n. 8.

a. The morals or morality of a person or group of people; moral principles or conduct. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > [noun] > moral habits or conduct

moralsa1625

morale1752

family values1912

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > moral principle(s)

principle?1533

ethics1651

moral1688

morale1752

standards1893

1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 6 Jan. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1817 If you would know their [sc. the Jesuits'] morale read Pascal's Lettres Provinciales.

1839 J. Pardoe Beauties of Bosphorus 22 Here the Frank traveller may see more of the habits and morale of the Turkish women than he can hope to do elsewhere.

1855 Trewman's Exeter Flying Post 11 Oct. 7/4 Gladstone,..the first man in the House of Commons, full of knowledge,..of the highest morale, and of immense practical ability.

1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux I. xxii. 186 The morale of our aristocracy..would be at a low ebb indeed if the public press didn't act as their guardians.

1947 F. B. Coffin Factum Factorum 57 Morale depraved and mind deranged.

†b. A moral lesson or teaching. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > a lesson > moral lesson

morale1812

1812 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1849) I. xi. 280 There are two verses in the Bible which comprise the whole morale of a man's conduct in these circumstances,—‘Watch ye, stand fast’ [etc.].

1824 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1851) III. i. 8 You have already made full conveyance to my mind of the whole morale of this intended honour, and..it does not lie within the power of any matériel to enhance the impression of it.

†c. Moral aspect. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > ethical aspect of a question

morale1814

morality1836

1814 Ld. Byron Let. 15 Oct. (1975) IV. 209 It is well that one of us is of such fame, since there is a sad deficit in the morale of that article upon my part.

1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 551/1 To look at the morale of any case was..out of the question. He looked to his brief.

2. The mental or emotional state (with regard to confidence, hope, enthusiasm, etc.) of a person or group engaged in some activity; degree of contentment with one's lot or situation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > [noun] > in regard to behaviour

morale1813

moral1883

1813 F. S. Larpent Jrnl. 31 Oct. (1853) II. v. 138 It must be allowed that they are industrious at least, but the morale of the old soldiers is shaken very much.

1842 T. P. Thompson Exercises I. 342 But the greatest advantage of all, on the side of the people, is the morale. Every soldier knows in his heart..that he was not made to fire upon the citizens.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiii. 162 The morale in my case had a physical basis.

1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking ii. 71 To improve the morale of the entire mercantile community.

1870 Times 8 Aug. 5/3 The morale of the troops is excellent.

1943 A. M. Lindbergh Diary 3 Feb. in War within & Without (1980) 323 It seems as though the German morale is cracking; the late speeches of Goebbels, Göring. The proclamation of Hitler. All harping on Russia, her strength, her resources, her power, her menace.

1995 Racing Post 14 July 9/2 Yesterday's display..will have cheered him up and done no harm to the morale of Pat Eddery after his nightmare day on Wednesday.

Compounds

Objective (in sense 2).

morale boost n. = morale booster n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > [noun] > a fact or circumstance that encourages

encouragement1700

boost1825

pull-up1872

morale booster1959

morale boost1975

1975 P. Moyes Black Widower ii. 30 The Ambassador's secretary..looked shaken and in need of a morale-boost.

1992 Daily Tel. (BNC) 9 Apr. The poll results provided a morale boost for the Conservatives.

morale booster n. something which raises one's spirits.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > [noun] > a fact or circumstance that encourages

encouragement1700

boost1825

pull-up1872

morale booster1959

morale boost1975

1959 Punch 2 Sept. 98/3 To find so many and such diverse people coming out into the open on your side is a superb morale-booster.

1988 S. Rosenberg Soviet Odyssey iv. 34 Black caviare..I must say, is an excellent morale booster.

morale-boosting adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > [adjective]

heartwarming1603

heartening1606

encouraging1663

spiriting1671

inspiriting1796

enheartening1836

assuring1866

upbuilding1898

morale-boosting1960

1960 Harper's Bazaar July 21/2 A beauty salon..has become a morale-boosting relaxant centre.

1961 Sunday Express 12 Mar. 10/3 Another morale-boosting idea for the troops.

1984 R. Davies in Listener 16 Feb. 8/3 Disney would have destroyed his team pretty quickly if his blunt talent for analysis had not been counterbalanced by one equally limited, but equally important, aptitude for morale-boosting.

a1992 L. Colwin Big Storm knocked it Over (1993) xiii. 101 Hamish felt, since salaries were so laughable, that it was morale boosting to throw a big office bash once a year at his house.

morale-building n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1943 J. B. Priestley Daylight on Sat. xxx. 234 Grandiose and impracticable schemes of morale-building.

1956 C. Cockburn In Time of Trouble xvi. 205 The quick-firers of..controversy who..for obvious morale-building purposes prophesied that the current crisis..was the final crisis of American capitalism.

2002 G. Duncan I, Lucifer (2003) 240 There is such a thing as morale building, when all's said and done. You know, the boys Downstairs would have loved it. I was thinking timeshare, you see?’

morale-raising n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1946 Nature 30 Nov. 777/2 Being more formally educational and only indirectly a morale-raising agent, instruction in it could be given not only by officers, but also [etc.].

1971 A. Price Alamut Ambush xiii. 155 It was immensely morale-raising to see Mary floor him.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	morale
释义	moralen. Brit. /məˈrɑːl/, U.S. /məˈræl/, /mɔˈræl/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French morale. Etymology: In sense 1 < French morale (see moral n.). In sense 2 after French moral (see moral n.), with English spelling with final -e perhaps partly by confusion with French morale , and partly as means of indicating pronunciation with stress on second syllable; compare moral n. 8. 1. a. The morals or morality of a person or group of people; moral principles or conduct. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > [noun] > moral habits or conduct moralsa1625 morale1752 family values1912 the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > moral principle(s) principle?1533 ethics1651 moral1688 morale1752 standards1893 1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 6 Jan. (1932) (modernized text) V. 1817 If you would know their [sc. the Jesuits'] morale read Pascal's Lettres Provinciales. 1839 J. Pardoe Beauties of Bosphorus 22 Here the Frank traveller may see more of the habits and morale of the Turkish women than he can hope to do elsewhere. 1855 Trewman's Exeter Flying Post 11 Oct. 7/4 Gladstone,..the first man in the House of Commons, full of knowledge,..of the highest morale, and of immense practical ability. 1874 A. Trollope Phineas Redux I. xxii. 186 The morale of our aristocracy..would be at a low ebb indeed if the public press didn't act as their guardians. 1947 F. B. Coffin Factum Factorum 57 Morale depraved and mind deranged. †b. A moral lesson or teaching. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > a lesson > moral lesson morale1812 1812 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1849) I. xi. 280 There are two verses in the Bible which comprise the whole morale of a man's conduct in these circumstances,—‘Watch ye, stand fast’ [etc.]. 1824 T. Chalmers Let. in W. Hanna Mem. T. Chalmers (1851) III. i. 8 You have already made full conveyance to my mind of the whole morale of this intended honour, and..it does not lie within the power of any matériel to enhance the impression of it. †c. Moral aspect. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > moral philosophy > [noun] > ethical aspect of a question morale1814 morality1836 1814 Ld. Byron Let. 15 Oct. (1975) IV. 209 It is well that one of us is of such fame, since there is a sad deficit in the morale of that article upon my part. 1834 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 1 551/1 To look at the morale of any case was..out of the question. He looked to his brief. 2. The mental or emotional state (with regard to confidence, hope, enthusiasm, etc.) of a person or group engaged in some activity; degree of contentment with one's lot or situation. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > [noun] > in regard to behaviour morale1813 moral1883 1813 F. S. Larpent Jrnl. 31 Oct. (1853) II. v. 138 It must be allowed that they are industrious at least, but the morale of the old soldiers is shaken very much. 1842 T. P. Thompson Exercises I. 342 But the greatest advantage of all, on the side of the people, is the morale. Every soldier knows in his heart..that he was not made to fire upon the citizens. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiii. 162 The morale in my case had a physical basis. 1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking ii. 71 To improve the morale of the entire mercantile community. 1870 Times 8 Aug. 5/3 The morale of the troops is excellent. 1943 A. M. Lindbergh Diary 3 Feb. in War within & Without (1980) 323 It seems as though the German morale is cracking; the late speeches of Goebbels, Göring. The proclamation of Hitler. All harping on Russia, her strength, her resources, her power, her menace. 1995 Racing Post 14 July 9/2 Yesterday's display..will have cheered him up and done no harm to the morale of Pat Eddery after his nightmare day on Wednesday. Compounds Objective (in sense 2). morale boost n. = morale booster n. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > [noun] > a fact or circumstance that encourages encouragement1700 boost1825 pull-up1872 morale booster1959 morale boost1975 1975 P. Moyes Black Widower ii. 30 The Ambassador's secretary..looked shaken and in need of a morale-boost. 1992 Daily Tel. (BNC) 9 Apr. The poll results provided a morale boost for the Conservatives. morale booster n. something which raises one's spirits. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > [noun] > a fact or circumstance that encourages encouragement1700 boost1825 pull-up1872 morale booster1959 morale boost1975 1959 Punch 2 Sept. 98/3 To find so many and such diverse people coming out into the open on your side is a superb morale-booster. 1988 S. Rosenberg Soviet Odyssey iv. 34 Black caviare..I must say, is an excellent morale booster. morale-boosting adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > encouragement > [adjective] heartwarming1603 heartening1606 encouraging1663 spiriting1671 inspiriting1796 enheartening1836 assuring1866 upbuilding1898 morale-boosting1960 1960 Harper's Bazaar July 21/2 A beauty salon..has become a morale-boosting relaxant centre. 1961 Sunday Express 12 Mar. 10/3 Another morale-boosting idea for the troops. 1984 R. Davies in Listener 16 Feb. 8/3 Disney would have destroyed his team pretty quickly if his blunt talent for analysis had not been counterbalanced by one equally limited, but equally important, aptitude for morale-boosting. a1992 L. Colwin Big Storm knocked it Over (1993) xiii. 101 Hamish felt, since salaries were so laughable, that it was morale boosting to throw a big office bash once a year at his house. morale-building n. and adj. ΚΠ 1943 J. B. Priestley Daylight on Sat. xxx. 234 Grandiose and impracticable schemes of morale-building. 1956 C. Cockburn In Time of Trouble xvi. 205 The quick-firers of..controversy who..for obvious morale-building purposes prophesied that the current crisis..was the final crisis of American capitalism. 2002 G. Duncan I, Lucifer (2003) 240 There is such a thing as morale building, when all's said and done. You know, the boys Downstairs would have loved it. I was thinking timeshare, you see?’ morale-raising n. and adj. ΚΠ 1946 Nature 30 Nov. 777/2 Being more formally educational and only indirectly a morale-raising agent, instruction in it could be given not only by officers, but also [etc.]. 1971 A. Price Alamut Ambush xiii. 155 It was immensely morale-raising to see Mary floor him. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1752
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