单词 | naval |
释义 | navaladj.n. A. adj. 1. a. Of, relating to, characteristic of, or used in a navy. Formerly also: †of or relating to seafaring and shipping in general (obsolete).Recorded earliest in pitch naval n. at pitch n.1 Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > [adjective] naval?a1425 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 124 (MED) Comon vse takeþ herez away bi one of 5 manerez..with pic nauall applicate with fyngerz or in a cloþ. c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 68 Medcyn þat is called Gratia Dei..Tak litarge iiij vnces..of pik greke, pik nauill of þam ij vnces. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxii. iii. 115 The Navall garlands given to admirals and generals at sea, for obtaining victorie in that kind of service. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 54 Our Master, according to the navall discipline, not to put to sea with one anchor, returned backe to the harbour. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 173 The Commands of the Sea was betrayed, by the exhausting the Navall Revenues. 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Naval Architecture. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 337 One [sarcophagus]..from the naval ornaments carved on it, is thought to have belonged to a sea-officer. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 160 At the northern extremity of the Town, is the king's naval yard. 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. xvii. 30 He..unfolds his plan..and spreads the chart, And all that speaks and aids the naval art. 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville III. 81 This favoured port combines advantages which..fit it for a grand naval depôt. 1878 W. Besant & J. Rice By Celia's Arbour I. ix. 133 A tall and good-looking young sailor, in his naval rig. 1918 Christian Sci. Monitor 11 Nov. 4/3 A wireless dispatch from the German Nauen station, picked up by the American naval towers. 1957 H.M. Royal Forces Navy Openings for Boys (H.M.S.O.) (ed. 2) 22 An apprentice in this branch is trained to undertake the most difficult maintenance and repair work on Naval aircraft. 1990 Yankee Mar. 86/1 Between the Electric Boat Shipyard and the Naval Sub Base, the largest sub base in the world, there are lots of ‘firsts’ and ‘mosts’ and ‘biggests’ to back up the Submarine Capital claim. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [adjective] > of the nature of a ship naval1646 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. v. 192 The Ark or navall edifice of Noah. View more context for this quotation 2. Of a battle, conflict, expedition, etc., or a victory or defeat therein: fought, carried out, gained, or sustained by means of ships or a navy. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > naval battle > [adjective] naval1577 1577 H. Peacham Garden of Eloquence sig. Div Horace..doth vnderstand Sextus Pompeius, making incursions, and troubling the seas with nauall warre. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 17 To set out the Naumachie or naval battaile, there was a place digged for a great poole. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 71 in Justice Vindicated Lest..the Seamen should be forgetful and unfitting for naval warfare. 1700 M. Prior Carmen Sæculare 13 Beaks of Ships in Naval Triumph born. 1750 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria (1752) 244 His Sicilian Expedition, so fatal to his Arms in their naval Conflict with Sir George Byng. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. Naval engagement implies, in general, either a sea-fight between single ships, or whole fleets of men of war, or gallies, &c. 1836 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. V. xlii. 662 He never again adventured on naval enterprises. 1881 J. P. Mahaffy Old Greek Educ. iii. 26 Rowing..was of the last importance in their naval warfare. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 430/2 He obtained considerable naval successes in the Ionian Sea against the triumvirate. 1938 Foreign Service Feb. 54/2 Death or disability resulting from..actual combat in any military or naval expedition, campaign, occupation, or war. 1988 M. Blinkhorn Democracy & Civil War in Spain 1931–9 (BNC) 3 In 1898 Spain suffered at the hands of the upstart United States a humiliating military and naval defeat. 3. a. Of a military force: consisting of warships; belonging to a navy.Occasionally in early use perhaps simply: ship-borne; that travels by sea (cf. army n. 2). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [adjective] naval1583 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) 194 Let Pluto send thee peace of mind, and stay thy moodie manacings, and as in yeares and welth thou wantst of me, so yeeld thy nauale forces. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 2 The Hamburgers had in vaine attempted by Nauall forces to forbid the arriuall of the English at Stode. 1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1314 He sent a nauall armie towards the mouth of the river Danowe. a1670 J. Scot Staggering State Sc. Statesmen (1754) 99 No better success had his naval army. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Army A Naval or Sea Army, is a Number of Ships of War, equipp'd and mann'd with Marines, under the Command of an Admiral. 1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 47 What naval force..[is] necessary to keep our marine in a condition commensurate to its great ends. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xv. 259 After the naval armament had coasted the intervening bays. 1884 L. J. Jennings in Croker Papers I. ii. 44 The naval glory of England was tarnished by the successes of the American naval force. 1950 A. Lee Soviet Air Force 34 Its naval force was shore-based except for a few reconnaissance machines on cruisers. 1994 Forum Mag. (Markham, Ont.) June 7/3 In April 1993 Canada celebrated a quarter century of participation in NATO's Standing Naval Force Atlantic. b. Of a nation or power: possessing a navy, esp. a strong one. Of a nation's strength, etc.: distinguished by, based on, or considered in terms of the possession of warships or a navy. ΚΠ 1677 A. Marvell Acct. Growth Popery 46 So that the two great Naval Powers of Europe, being crushed together, he might remain sole Arbitrator of the Ocean. 1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) I. i. xxvii. 215/2 The Naval Strength of this Realm. 1755 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses (ed. 4) I. ii. iv. 217 The great advantages of cultivating a naval power. 1787 W. Combe Anderson's Hist. Origin Commerce (rev. ed.) I. 502 The naval superiority of the Hans-League at this time [1474]. 1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 592 Since Great Britain has been a naval power a British army has never been left in such a situation. 1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 78 The naval power of Carthage. 1899 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 5 Imperialism implies naval and military force behind; moral force, education, civilization are not the backbone of Imperialism. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 847/1 The French admiral gave the allies a superiority of naval strength on the coast of Virginia. 1926 R. H. Tawney Relig. & Rise Capitalism i. 15 They were easily commanded by any naval power dominating the eastern Mediterranean. 1992 Ships Monthly Apr. 1/1 Naval strength was still manifested by the heavy battleships until the end of the last war. 4. Of a person: belonging to, connected with, or serving in a navy. Cf. naval officer n. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > [adjective] naval1667 classed1740 1667 S. Pepys Diary 4 Sept. (1974) VIII. 420 [Sir W. Coventry] told me he must now take his leave of me as a naval man. 1745 Observ. conc. Navy 21 Not only Naval Seamen should have Tickets, but likewise all other Seamen. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Garde de la marine, a midshipman, or naval cadet. 1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 158 I should..be led to conclude he is a naval practitioner. 1839 W. Chambers Tour Holland 33/1 Monuments to Dutch naval commanders. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 141 Naval Lords of the Admiralty..have only to talk him over, and he is the servant of those Naval Lords. 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker Prol. 8 You shall never talk long and not hear the name of Bully Hayes, a naval hero whose exploits and deserved extinction left Europe cold. 1907 St. Nicholas July 815/1 Our blue-jackets are probably the finest naval gunners in the world. 1940 Amer. Boy Feb. 2/3 Pensacola is quite a place. It not only has the country's largest training school for naval aviators, but the land round-about provides plenty of fun and entertainment. 1985 C. Angier Jean Rhys iv. 78 He came from a naval family, and had been a lieutenant commander during the war. 1. Scottish. A naval fleet. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] fleeta1000 floteOE ship-ferda1122 navya1382 armyc1475 armada1533 class1596 naval1627 armadilla1685 Grand Fleet1696 armament1698 maritime power1711 1627 in W. C. Dickinson Early Rec. Burgh Aberdeen (1957) The cuming of the said naival concernes this haill kingdome. 2. In plural. Naval achievements. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > [noun] > naval achievements navalsa1674 a1674 Earl of Clarendon Life (1759) II. 507 The Action..surpassed all that was done in Cromwell's Time, whose Navals were much greater than had ever been in any Age. 3. A member of a navy; a sailor. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > [noun] > officers and sailors of the navy navy1648 naval1836 boys in blue1943 1836 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker (1837) 1st Ser. xii. 99 I guess it's natural for you to say so of the buttons of our navals. Compounds naval bank holiday n. Navy slang (now historical) a day spent coaling a ship (see coal v. 4a). ΚΠ 1916 G. Franklin Naval Digression vii. 220 We had a typical ‘naval bank holiday’ on Boxing day—coaling ship. 1961 E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 5) II. 1195/1 Naval bank holiday, a day spent in coaling the ship. naval base n. a base for naval operations, esp. a securely held seaport from which naval operations can be carried out; a naval shore establishment. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > administration and ceremonial > [noun] > naval station naval station1615 admiralty1677 naval base1863 1863 C. Sumner Our Foreign Relations 19 Whether the armament be put on board in port or at sea, England is always the naval base. 1896 19th Cent. Mar. 461 Tactical considerations demand a strong naval base, which we already possess in Gibraltar and Malta. 1941 A. J. Marder Brit. Naval Policy 1880–1905 x. 183 England's key position in the Mediterranean, though strongly fortified, could hardly be called a naval base at this time. 1990 F. Starn Soup of Day i. i. 5 He had heard that..untenured professors and their families bunked in prefab bungalows on a deserted naval base. naval brigade n. (also Naval Brigade) now historical a landing force; a seaborne reinforcement force for land troops. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > navy > a naval force or fleet > [noun] > part of force for special duty > landing force naval brigade1848 1848 Southern Q. Rev. Jan. 223 The 55th regiment and Madras rifles..observed that a large body of the enemy were escaping from the scene of indiscriminate slaughter,..from the citadel and batteries which the naval brigade had stormed. 1883 L. D. Melton & W. H. Oliphant Cruise of U.S.S. Galena vii. 80 On several occasions our Naval Brigade was landed upon the breakwater and exercised in marching and counter-marching. 1904 J. S. Corbett Eng. in Mediterranean II. xxiv. 119 The real attack was made from the centre with five battalions of infantry, the naval brigade, and the three troops of British horse. 1992 Nova Scotia Trav. Guide 1992 231/1 Animators attired as sailors of the Naval Brigade and soldiers of the Royal Artillery and the 78th Highlanders of 1869 re-enact life at the fort. naval lord n. (also Naval Lord) (the title of) a naval officer belonging to the Admiralty Board (formerly the Board of Admiralty); sometimes with preceding modifying adjective indicating rank. ΚΠ 1786 R. J. Impress of Seamen 36 A naval Lord..endeavoured to prove a similarity between the seamen, and the militia. 1837 United Service Jrnl. June 163 The civilian first lord..must consult his senior naval lord as to the services of officers he desires to promote. 2011 C. I. Hamilton Making Mod. Admiralty iv. 126 There were professional as well as administrative benefits once naval lords were no longer political appointees. naval reserve n. (also Naval Reserve) an auxiliary naval force composed of civilian volunteers; cf. Royal Naval Reserve n. at royal adj. and n. Compounds 1. ΚΠ 1857 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 20 437 It is evident that a large portion of our naval reserve may be paralyzed by ague and fever at the very time that it may be called upon to fight. 1890 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Sept. 3/3 A large highly-trained naval reserve, alone chiefly recruitable from our fisherfolks. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 200/2 Thus no country in peace manoeuvres calls out all its naval reserves, or makes use of the auxiliary cruisers. 1993 Discover Diving Apr. 39/1 He was Naval Reserve, showed up with twin aluminum tanks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1425 |
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