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单词 mortifying
释义

mortifyingn.

Brit. /ˈmɔːtᵻfʌɪɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈmɔrdəˌfaɪɪŋ/
Forms: Middle English mortefienge, Middle English mortifieng, Middle English mortifiinge, Middle English mortifiyng, Middle English mortifyinge, Middle English mortyfyinge, Middle English– mortifying; Scottish pre-1700 mortifieing.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mortify v., -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < mortify v. + -ing suffix1.
Now rare.
The action of mortify v.; an instance of this, mortification.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > killing > [noun]
mortifyingc1384
perishingc1384
slayinga1400
interfectionc1450
dispatchment1529
killingc1540
dispatch1576
unliving1599
martyring1607
taking offa1616
enecation1657
exanimation1670
(to get) the chop or chopper1945
wipeout1968
hit1970
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [noun] > mortifying the flesh, etc.
mortifyingc1384
mortificationc1390
scleragogy1621
necrosis1706
crucifixiona1711
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [noun]
afflictionc1330
mortifyingc1384
mortification of (the) body (also flesh, senses, sin, etc.)c1390
mortificationa1500
self-mortification1586
necrosis1706
crucifixiona1711
asceticism1845
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) 2 Cor. iv. 10 We..beringe aboute the mortifyinge [v.rr. slawȝter; mortifyinge, that is, the dyuerse tourmentynge; a1425 sleyng; L. mortificationem] of Jhesu Crist in oure body.
?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 223 (MED) Þei han put raþir her bisynesse and desier in mortifiinge of þe body þan in distriinge and mortifiinge of her propre wille.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 56 (MED) Þere is non oþer way to lyfe..but þe way of þe holy crosse and of quotidian mortifieng [L. mortificationis].
1530 W. Tyndale Prol. Lev. in Wks. (1573) 14/2 Baptisme signifieth vnto vs repentaunce, and the mortifying of our vnruly members, and bodyes of sinne, to walke in a new life.
1674 J. Owen Serm. in Wks. (1851) ix. 469 If our hearts are not engaged to the mortifying of all sin.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Necrosis, (in Divinity) a mortifying of corrupt Affections.
1777 Whole Proc. Jockey & Maggy (rev. ed.) ii. 14 That's a better mense for a fault, than a your mortifying o' your members.
1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket v. i. 167 Scourgings, macerations, mortifyings, Fasts, disciplines that clear the spiritual eye.
1899 Good Words Apr. 241 Such is the régime of the table for Lent, and certainly it ought to tend to the mortifying of the flesh.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mortifyingadj.

Brit. /ˈmɔːtᵻfʌɪɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈmɔrdəˌfaɪɪŋ/
Forms: late Middle English– mortifying, 1600s mortyfiing; Scottish pre-1700 mortifyeing.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mortify v., -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < mortify v. + -ing suffix2.
1.
a. Medicine and Surgery. Of a medicine: that destroys tissue; caustic. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > corrosive or caustic > [adjective]
corrosivec1400
adustive?a1425
mortifying?a1425
caustic1555
ustive1598
corrodent1599
escharotic1628
catheretic1634
pyrotic1634
catheretical1638
escharotical1651
calcineous1660
caustical1676
phagedaenic1702
phagedaenical1725
diabrotic1775
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 150v (MED) Worche first wiþ summe mortifying pouder as wiþ þe pouder of affodilles.
b. Affected with, undergoing, or characteristic of gangrene or necrosis. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [adjective] > alteration of tissue > of nature of necrosis > affected with
cankerfretc1325
cankereda1398
mortified?a1425
gangrened1591
gangrenated1597
gangrenate1634
gangrenous1634
sphacelate1634
sphacelated1639
gangrenized1662
sphacelous1683
gangrenescent1759
mortifying1797
sphacelating1799
necrosed1821
necrotic1826
necrotizing1873
necrotized1929
1797 J. Downing Treat. Disorders Horned Cattle 18 A swelling attended with lameness and a mortifying blackness.
1901 Daily Chron. 25 July 3/2 The explorer held the mortifying finger upright during many a weary march.
1973 J. G. Farrell Siege of Krishnapur xiii. 176 The pulse was small and frequent, the smell from the mortifying parts was particularly offensive.
2.
a. Causing death; mortal, fatal; deadly. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > cause of death > [adjective]
deadlyc893
deathlyOE
deathfula1250
mortalc1390
capitalc1426
exitialc1475
fey1488
mortuala1500
perishinga1500
fatal?1518
ferial1528
mortiferousa1538
deadc1540
exitious?1545
deathlike1548
mortifying1555
starvingc1600
lethal1604
speedingc1604
vital1612
irrecoverable1614
feral1621
lethiferous1651
mortific1651
mortifical1657
daggering1694
exitiose1727
fateful1764
kill-devil1831
unsurvivable1839
lethiferal1848
tachythanatous1860
1555 R. Eden Briefe Descr. Moscouia in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 261v Spices, gums, & odoriferous frutes are engendered in hot regions by continuall heate..withowt impression of the mortifying qualitie of could.
1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse sig. 17v Our veines wil be possessed with a clammy humor which may hinder the course of the bloud, corrupting the spirits, and bringing a mortifying cold ouer al the body.
1684 T. Tryon Country-man's Compan. (title page) To preserve Sheep from that Monsterous, Mortifying Distemper, The Rot.
a1691 R. Boyle Gen. Hist. Air (1692) 167 The cold in the woods..was yet not so mortifying as the other.
1707 E. Ward Wooden World Dissected 103 Mortifying, Gripe-gut Beer.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry (1721) I. 117 Urine..is reckoned to be of a destructive, mortifying Nature to Vegetables.
1896 Ld. Rosebery in Times 12 Feb. 6/2 The noble duke's icy cold spray has been turned on, and no political plant with which I am acquainted has survived that mortifying process.
b. Preceding death. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > dead person or the dead > [adjective] > dying
deadlyc893
swelting?a1400
dyingc1450
at (the) utterance1525
in (the, his) extremes1551
parting1562
Acherontic1597
ending1600
departing1603
on one's last legs1614
expiring1635
mortifying1649
morient1679
upon one's last stretch1680
gasping1681
à la mort1700
moribund1721
outward-bound1809
terminal1854
on the brink of the grave1872
defunctive1929
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xxviii. 226 Those few mortifying howers that should have bin..most at peace from all..disquiet.
3. Involving mortification or the repression of natural appetites and desires. Also: †that practises self-denial; self-denying, austere, abstemious (obsolete). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [adjective]
mortifying1600
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [adjective] > mortified > that practises mortification
mortifying1600
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [adjective] > mortified > involving mortification
mortifying1600
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [adjective] > person
mortifying1600
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. i. 82 And let my liuer rather heate with wine Then my hart coole with mortifying grones. View more context for this quotation
1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 118 His Life was Austere and Mortifying.
a1656 A. Gray Spiritual Warfare (1672) iii. 70 A mortifying Christian is a most experienced Christian.
a1697 J. Aubrey Brief Lives (1898) I. 132 Here he had several mortifying and divine motto's.
1706 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels III. 517 It will not decline the most mortifying Severities, when used as Expedients to secure his good Graces.
1835 I. Taylor Spiritual Despotism iii. 86 The mortifying purity of the ministers of heaven.
4. Causing humiliation of feeling; (in early use) humbling, depressing; vexatious, annoying; (later usually) humiliating, shameful, embarrassing. (Now the principal sense.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing
darkOE
unmerryOE
deathlyc1225
dolefulc1275
elengec1275
dreicha1300
coolc1350
cloudyc1374
sada1375
colda1400
deadlya1400
joylessc1400
unjoyful?c1400
disconsolatea1413
mournfula1425
funeralc1425
uncheerfulc1449
dolent1489
dolesome1533
heavy-hearted1555
glum1558
ungladsome1558
black1562
pleasureless1567
dern1570
plaintive?1570
glummish1573
cheerless1575
comfortless1576
wintry1579
glummy1580
funebral1581
discouraging1584
dernful?1591
murk1596
recomfortless1596
sullen1597
amating1600
lugubrious1601
dusky1602
sable1603
funebrial1604
damping1607
mortifying1611
tearful?1611
uncouth1611
dulsome1613
luctual1613
dismal1617
winterous1617
unked1620
mopish1621
godforsaken?1623
uncheerly1627
funebrious1630
lugubrous1632
drearisome1633
unheartsome1637
feral1641
drear1645
darksome1649
sadding1649
saddening1650
disheartening1654
funebrous1654
luctiferous1656
mestifical1656
tristifical1656
sooty1657
dreary1667
tenebrose1677
clouded1682
tragicala1700
funereal1707
gloomy1710
sepulchrala1711
dumpishc1717
bleaka1719
depressive1727
lugubre1727
muzzy1728
dispiriting1733
uncheery1760
unconsolatory1760
unjolly1764
Decemberly1765
sombre1768
uncouthie1768
depressing1772
unmirthful1782
sombrous1789
disanimating1791
Decemberish1793
grey1794
uncheering1796
ungenial1796
uncomforting1798
disencouraginga1806
stern1812
chilling1815
uncheered1817
dejecting1818
mopey1821
desponding1828
wisht1829
leadening1835
unsportful1837
demoralizing1840
Novemberish1840
frigid1844
morne1844
tragic1848
wet-blanketty1848
morgue1850
ungladdeneda1851
adusk1856
smileless1858
soul-sick1858
Novemberya1864
saturnine1863
down1873
lacklustre1883
Heaven-abandoneda1907
downbeat1952
doomy1967
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious
angeeOE
swinkfuleOE
plightlyOE
teenfulOE
contrariousc1320
drefa1325
troublinga1325
despitousa1340
thornya1340
discomfortablec1350
troublablec1374
noyousa1382
noyfulc1384
diseasy1387
angrya1393
painful1395
hackinga1400
annoying?c1400
annoyousc1400
cumbrousc1400
teenc1400
annoyfulc1405
sputousc1420
diseasefula1425
molest?a1425
noying?a1425
noisomea1450
grievingc1450
tedious?1454
troublous1463
noisantc1475
displeasant1481
strouble1488
nuisant1494
noyanta1500
irksome1513
sturting1513
molestious1524
vexatious1534
cumbersome1535
uncommodious1541
spiteful1548
vexing?1548
incommodious1551
molestous1555
diseasing1558
grating1563
pestilent1565
sturtsome1570
molestuousa1572
troublesome1573
murrain1575
discommodable1579
galling1583
spiny1586
unsupportable1586
troubleful1588
plaguey1594
distressingc1595
molestful1596
molesting1598
vexful1598
fretful1603
briery1604
bemadding1608
mortifying1611
tiry1611
distressfula1616
irking1629
angersome1649
disobliging1652
discomforting1654
incomfortable1655
incommode1672
ruffling1680
unconvenient1683
pestifying1716
trying1718
offending1726
bothering1765
pesky1775
weary1785
sturty1788
unaccommodating1790
tiresome1798
werriting1808
bothersome1817
plaguesome1828
pestilential1833
fretsome1834
languorous1834
pesty1834
pestersome1843
nettlesome1845
miserable1850
niggling1854
distempering1855
be-maddeninga1861
nattery1873
nagging1883
pestiferous1890
trouble-giving1893
maddening1896
molestive1905
nuisancy1906
balls-aching?1912
nuisance1922
nattering1949
noodgy1969
dickheaded1991
dickish1991
cockish1996
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. Xx8 The bones of these virginall Martyrs are kept in seuerall places,..their bones lie in great heaps... But in the bodie of the Church I obserued a farre greater multitude of these mortifying objects.
1666 J. Worthington Let. 11 Sept. in Diary & Corr. (1855) II. i. 212 Such a mortifying sight is worth a journey, that men may be the more convinced of the uncertainty and vanity of things below.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. x. 145 They were the most mortifying Sight I ever beheld, and the Women more horrible than the Men.
1756 W. Cowper Wks. (1837) XV. 270 I live in hourly apprehensions of more mortifying adventures.
1833 C. Lamb Stage Illusion in Last Ess. Elia 23 The most mortifying infirmity in human nature..is, perhaps, cowardice.
1879 Expositor 10 166 The disappointment was naturally the more acute and mortifying.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren ix. 169 Thin people inspire almost as many names and jokes as fat people, but the laughter is less mortifying.
1996 Y. Martel Self 171 I saw Karen transform herself into a whining, cloying kitten.., something mortifying to watch.

Derivatives

ˈmortifyingly adv. in a way that is vexatious or humiliating; embarrassingly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adverb] > in annoying or vexatious manner
noyfully1395
annoyously?c1400
noyously1483
troublously1538
uncommodiously1545
wretchedly1546
irksomely1549
incommodiously1551
troublesomely1591
vexingly1599
cumbersomely1611
vexatiously1642
discomfortably1653
importunely1658
gratingly1683
mortifyingly1748
distressingly1786
gallingly1802
annoyingly1806
peskily1833
pesky1833
tryingly1841
discomfortingly1869
balls-achingly1972
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa III. li. 254 How tender, how mortifyingly-tender, now in him!
1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xxviii. 301 What she said..was of a purpose somewhat mortifyingly below the standard of the occasion.
1996 J. Lanchester Debt to Pleasure (1997) 66 My father would take out a mortifyingly dilapidated grey woollen two-piece outfit, a fossil ancestor of the modern tracksuit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.c1384adj.?a1425
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