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单词 morphological
释义

morphologicaladj.

Brit. /ˌmɔːfəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/, U.S. /ˌmɔrfəˈlɑdʒək(ə)l/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: morphology n., -ical suffix.
Etymology: < morphology n. + -ical suffix; compare -logical comb. form.
1. Biology. Of, relating to, or derived from morphology (morphology n. 1); described, investigated, or ascertained by morphology.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > study > [adjective] > morphology
morphological1830
morphographic1857
histomorphological1883
promorphological1883
morphographical1888
1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 84 No order can be more instructively studied with a view to morphological inquiries [than the Pomaceæ].
1876 E. R. Lankester tr. E. Haeckel Hist. Creation I. ii. 30 All the known morphological phenomena in the animal and vegetable kingdoms.
1896 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. I. 77 The distinctions drawn were..purely morphological.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 939/1 It [sc. Quain's Anatomy] has been kept abreast of modern morphological knowledge by its various editors.
1950 L. E. Hawker Physiol. Fungi p. v These activities have led to an intensive study of fungi as the chief agents of plant disease, and this study has been along all possible lines—morphological and taxonomic, cultural, physiological and more lately genetical.
1992 P. J. Bowler Fontana Hist. Environmental Sci. (BNC) 337 Darwin himself had done extensive morphological work in a detailed study of barnacles during the 1850s.
2. Linguistics. Of, relating to, or analysed in terms of morphology (morphology n. 3); based on characteristics of the form or structure of words.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > [adjective]
morphological1854
morphologic1936
1854 F. M. Müller Suggestions in Learning Lang. Seat of War in East 78 (heading) Morphological coincidences of Turanian languages.
1860 F. W. Farrar Ess. Origin Lang. ix. 185 Pott's formula for the morphological classification of language.
1934 J. R. Firth in Le Maître Phonétique 46 45 Kruszewski, however, extended the term phoneme to include sound alternances associated with changes of morphological categories.
1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 163 Perfectivation, the transformation of an imperfective verb into a perfective one by a morphological change.
1975 N. Chomsky Logical Struct. Ling. Theory v. 154 The relation between words and phonemes, as well as between sequences of words and phrase sequences, is simplified tremendously by morphological analysis of words.
1991 IRAL 29 ii. 118 English, as a subject-prominent language..would be very likely to register the topicalization in a morphological change.
3. gen. Of or relating to shape, form, or external structure, esp. of natural objects or phenomena such as organisms, landforms, etc.Cf. the parallel sense-development in morphology n.As used in Biology sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > [adjective] > relating to history of
morphological1865
morphologic1872
the world > space > shape > [adjective] > as an object of study
morphological1895
1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism I. 315 Another branch of scientific progress which I may notice on account of its influence upon speculative opinions is the rapid growth of a morphological conception of the universe.
1885 Numismatic Chron. 5 165 General Pitt-Rivers, taking up the same kind of morphological study in relation to other objects, has arranged a collection of..human implements, and has communicated..papers upon their morphology.
1885 Numismatic Chron. 5 168 The morphological aspect of the coin-type.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. i. 3 By reference to this system of planes, it is possible to establish the morphological relationship of all crystals of the same substance, whatever faces they may exhibit.
1918 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 155 70 The cardiac signs and symptoms produced as a result of hypothyroidism are not due to morphological alterations in the heart muscle.
1949 A. Nelson Introd. Bot. xxv. 387 There are degrees of morphological adaptation for heterotrophy.
1972 D. Herbert Urban Geogr. iii. 66 A clear indication of past functional patterns can often be obtained from the morphological evidence which is left in the urban landscape.
1987 Jrnl. Arid Environments 13 95 Many morphological features in this area..related to past shifts..in climate.
1991 Acta Neuropathologica 81 517/1 In Alzheimer's disease.., one of the most prominent morphological changes is the presence of numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the cerebral cortex.

Compounds

morphological axis n. (a) Crystallography (now rare, perhaps Obsolete), the axis of rotational symmetry of a crystal system; the line of intersection of two planes of symmetry of a crystal system; (b) (more generally) a line representing an axis of symmetry, or the longest linear dimension, in the shape of an object.
ΚΠ
1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 38 The axis of hexagonal symmetry in the Rhombohedral System and the axis of tetragonal symmetry in the Pyramidal System are called morphological axes.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. 128 Where two or more planes of symmetry lying in a zone are conformable, their zone-axis will be termed a morphological axis or axis of form for the system.
1918 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 217 209 This direction is normal to the basal plane c, {001}, towards the vertical morphological axis c.
1945 Proc. Royal Soc. 1944–5 B. 132 412 However much the bristle is contorted the course of the ridges is related to the morphological axis.
1964 New Phytologist 63 26 Susceptibility to colchicine along the morphological axis is highest at the apical region of a protonema and lowest at the basal region.
1996 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 263 135/2 The c crystallographic axis forms a constant angle of about 65° with the direction of the spicule morphological axis.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1830
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