Montagnaisn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmɒntənjeɪ/, U.S.

/ˌmɑntənˈjeɪ/, Canadian English

/ˈmɒntənˌjei/

Inflections: Plural unchanged.

Forms: 1600s Mountaignaies (plural), 1700s Montagnois, 1800s– Montagnais.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French montagnais.

Etymology: < Canadian French montagnais member of a mountain tribe (1610; 1603 as montagnés (plural) mountain-dwellers; also †montagnois ) < montagne mountain n. + -ais -ese suffix.With sense A. 2b compare extended use in Canadian French to denote a member of an Athabaskan people of north-western Canada (1851): see Dictionnaire Historique du Français Québecois (1998), s.v. O.E.D. Suppl. (1976) gives the non-naturalized pronunciation (mo:ṅtan^ye·) /ˌmɔ̃taˈɲe/.

A. n.

1. A member of a North American Indian people of southern Quebec and Labrador and the adjacent interior. Cf. mountaineer n. 2, mountainer n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [noun]

mountainer1625

Montagnais1654

mountaineer1703

Cree1760

Mistassini1781

Muskego1785

Red Indian1796

Chipewyan1801

Beothuk1828

red man1842

Naskapi1849

1654 P. E. Radisson Voy. (1943) 86 To joyne with the Algonquins & Mountaignaies to warre against the Iroquoits.

1703 tr. L. de Lahontan New Voy. N.-Amer. I. 207 He deals with the other Savage Nations, namely, the Montagnois, and the Papipanachois in Arms and Ammunition.

1863 H. Y. Hind Explor. Labrador Penins. II. xxvii. 101 The Nasquapees, like their friends and allies the Montagnais, hate the Esquimaux.

1875 Amer. Cycl. XII. 148/2 The Nehiroirini, called Montagnais by the French Canadians, now occupy the territory from the Saguenay to the straits of Belle Isle.

1894 11th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 1889–90 267 The Indians of the Ungava district are locally known as Naskopie, a term of reproach applied to them by the mountaineers (the Montagnais of the early Jesuit missionaries).

1913 Man 13 124 What do we know of the numerous Montagnais of Northern Quebec?

1950 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 36 688 From his first winter spent with the Montagnais until his death under torture at the hands of hostile Iroquois in 1649.

1981 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians VI. 185/2 The English name Montagnais has usually been applied to the Indians of the southeastern quadrant of the Labrador Peninsula,..but also more narrowly to just those west of Sept-Îles..and more broadly to those of the whole peninsula.

1994 Man 29 719/2 Western coats, attributed to the eastern Cree and Montagnais, have floral motifs.

a. The Algonquian language of this people, belonging to the Cree-Montagnais group, most closely related to (and in some uses regarded as including) Naskapi and East Cree.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Algonquian > Algonquian languages

Illinois1703

Ojibwa1743

Chippewa1791

Shawnee1792

Miami-Illinois1804

Natick1822

Delaware1826

Munsee1828

Nanticoke1845

Blackfoot1846

Pequot1848

Potawatomi1848

Wiyot1851

Montagnais1852

Passamaquoddy1856

Abenaki1858

Narragansett1866

Lenape1888

Penobscot1891

Powhatan1895

Menominee1896

Micmac1902

Meskwaki1907

Maliseet1912

Cheyenne1933

Kickapoo1933

Massachusett1933

Mohican1933

Sauk1933

Virginia Algonquian1971

Ottawa1982

1852 J. D. G. Shea Discov. & Explor. Mississippi Valley p. xlvi The Montagnais was the key language to the various tribes.

1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Algonquian family..includes the languages of eastern and central Canada (Micmac, Montagnais, Cree).

1994 Current Anthropol. 35 113/1 The word diffused to one non-Algonquian language, Inuit Eskimo, (with pakaakkuani, probably directly borrowed from Montagnais).

b. The Athabaskan language of the Chipewyan people (see Chipewyan n. and adj.). rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > North American > [noun] > Na-Dene > Athabaskan > Athabaskan languages > Chipewyan

Chipewyan1823

mountaineer1830

Loucheux1867

Montagnais1913

1913 Amer. Math. Monthly 20 265 [The number] two is sometimes derived from finger; e.g., Montagnais: nake, ‘another bent in’.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or designating the Montagnais or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [adjective]

Cree1744

mountaineer1770

Naskapi1774

Chipewyan1801

Beothuk1842

Montagnais?1847

?1847 (title) Petition of the Montagnais tribe of Indians, inhabiting the north shore of the St. Lawrence.

1863 H. Y. Hind (title) Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians.

1873 Catholic World Feb. 688/2 F. Marquette..started for Three Rivers, in order to study the Montagnais language, a key to many neighboring Indian tongues.

1916 Trans. Royal Soc. Canada 10 i. 314 It..is possibly a transition between the Ojibwa and Montagnais snowshoe.

1934 D. Jenness Indians of Canada (ed. 2) xviii. 271 The Montagnais country was a well-wooded area abounding in moose.

1973 G. M. D. Howat & A. J. P. Taylor Dict. World Hist. 1013/1 Montagnais Indians, group of Canadian Algonquian tribes, discovered (1603) at the mouth of the Saguenay.

1996 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians XVII. 122 These indigenous people..would use Montagnais Jargon items for contact communication with the French.

Compounds

Montagnais-Naskapi n. a member of the Montagnais and Naskapi peoples collectively (cf. Naskapi adj. and n.); (also) their languages regarded together as a single language (cf. sense A. 2a); also as adj.

ΚΠ

1926 F. G. Speck in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 65 275 It would then be more appropriate..to refer to the Indians of the whole area as Montagnais-Naskapi, there being some authority in earlier literature for the retention of these two names.

1928 W. C. MacLeod Amer. Indian Frontier App. X. 560 Most of the Algonkian peoples speak (or spoke) languages of the Eastern-Central group... The Cree sub-group includes Cree, Montagnais-Naskapi..; also Abenaki..and Pennakook.

1937 J. E. Lips Savage hits Back ix. 212 Both are the work of an old Algonquian, a Montagnais-Naskapi of the Lake St. John band.

1973 D. Zimmerly in E. Goudie Woman of Labrador ii. iv. 103 (note) [Mukkoshan is the] Montagnais-Naskapi Indian word used by settlers to denote a feast or party.

1981 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians VI. 185/2 The compound Montagnais-Naskapi was introduced..to include all the Algonquians of the Labrador Peninsula, but it and expressions like Montagnais and Naskapi are sometimes intended to exclude the East Cree.

1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Newfoundland A tiny population of Inuit (Eskimo) and North American Innu (Montagnais-Naskapi) occupy four or five villages on the northern coast of Labrador.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	montagnais
释义	Montagnaisn.adj. Brit. /ˈmɒntənjeɪ/, U.S. /ˌmɑntənˈjeɪ/, Canadian English /ˈmɒntənˌjei/ Inflections: Plural unchanged. Forms: 1600s Mountaignaies (plural), 1700s Montagnois, 1800s– Montagnais. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French montagnais. Etymology: < Canadian French montagnais member of a mountain tribe (1610; 1603 as montagnés (plural) mountain-dwellers; also †montagnois ) < montagne mountain n. + -ais -ese suffix.With sense A. 2b compare extended use in Canadian French to denote a member of an Athabaskan people of north-western Canada (1851): see Dictionnaire Historique du Français Québecois (1998), s.v. O.E.D. Suppl. (1976) gives the non-naturalized pronunciation (mo:ṅtan^ye·) /ˌmɔ̃taˈɲe/. A. n. 1. A member of a North American Indian people of southern Quebec and Labrador and the adjacent interior. Cf. mountaineer n. 2, mountainer n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [noun] mountainer1625 Montagnais1654 mountaineer1703 Cree1760 Mistassini1781 Muskego1785 Red Indian1796 Chipewyan1801 Beothuk1828 red man1842 Naskapi1849 1654 P. E. Radisson Voy. (1943) 86 To joyne with the Algonquins & Mountaignaies to warre against the Iroquoits. 1703 tr. L. de Lahontan New Voy. N.-Amer. I. 207 He deals with the other Savage Nations, namely, the Montagnois, and the Papipanachois in Arms and Ammunition. 1863 H. Y. Hind Explor. Labrador Penins. II. xxvii. 101 The Nasquapees, like their friends and allies the Montagnais, hate the Esquimaux. 1875 Amer. Cycl. XII. 148/2 The Nehiroirini, called Montagnais by the French Canadians, now occupy the territory from the Saguenay to the straits of Belle Isle. 1894 11th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 1889–90 267 The Indians of the Ungava district are locally known as Naskopie, a term of reproach applied to them by the mountaineers (the Montagnais of the early Jesuit missionaries). 1913 Man 13 124 What do we know of the numerous Montagnais of Northern Quebec? 1950 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 36 688 From his first winter spent with the Montagnais until his death under torture at the hands of hostile Iroquois in 1649. 1981 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians VI. 185/2 The English name Montagnais has usually been applied to the Indians of the southeastern quadrant of the Labrador Peninsula,..but also more narrowly to just those west of Sept-Îles..and more broadly to those of the whole peninsula. 1994 Man 29 719/2 Western coats, attributed to the eastern Cree and Montagnais, have floral motifs. 2. a. The Algonquian language of this people, belonging to the Cree-Montagnais group, most closely related to (and in some uses regarded as including) Naskapi and East Cree. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [noun] > northern Amerindian > Algonquian > Algonquian languages Illinois1703 Ojibwa1743 Chippewa1791 Shawnee1792 Miami-Illinois1804 Natick1822 Delaware1826 Munsee1828 Nanticoke1845 Blackfoot1846 Pequot1848 Potawatomi1848 Wiyot1851 Montagnais1852 Passamaquoddy1856 Abenaki1858 Narragansett1866 Lenape1888 Penobscot1891 Powhatan1895 Menominee1896 Micmac1902 Meskwaki1907 Maliseet1912 Cheyenne1933 Kickapoo1933 Massachusett1933 Mohican1933 Sauk1933 Virginia Algonquian1971 Ottawa1982 1852 J. D. G. Shea Discov. & Explor. Mississippi Valley p. xlvi The Montagnais was the key language to the various tribes. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 72 The Algonquian family..includes the languages of eastern and central Canada (Micmac, Montagnais, Cree). 1994 Current Anthropol. 35 113/1 The word diffused to one non-Algonquian language, Inuit Eskimo, (with pakaakkuani, probably directly borrowed from Montagnais). b. The Athabaskan language of the Chipewyan people (see Chipewyan n. and adj.). rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > North American > [noun] > Na-Dene > Athabaskan > Athabaskan languages > Chipewyan Chipewyan1823 mountaineer1830 Loucheux1867 Montagnais1913 1913 Amer. Math. Monthly 20 265 [The number] two is sometimes derived from finger; e.g., Montagnais: nake, ‘another bent in’. B. adj. Of, relating to, or designating the Montagnais or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > North American peoples > peoples of North-Eastern Canada > [adjective] Cree1744 mountaineer1770 Naskapi1774 Chipewyan1801 Beothuk1842 Montagnais?1847 ?1847 (title) Petition of the Montagnais tribe of Indians, inhabiting the north shore of the St. Lawrence. 1863 H. Y. Hind (title) Explorations in the interior of the Labrador peninsula the country of the Montagnais and Nasquapee Indians. 1873 Catholic World Feb. 688/2 F. Marquette..started for Three Rivers, in order to study the Montagnais language, a key to many neighboring Indian tongues. 1916 Trans. Royal Soc. Canada 10 i. 314 It..is possibly a transition between the Ojibwa and Montagnais snowshoe. 1934 D. Jenness Indians of Canada (ed. 2) xviii. 271 The Montagnais country was a well-wooded area abounding in moose. 1973 G. M. D. Howat & A. J. P. Taylor Dict. World Hist. 1013/1 Montagnais Indians, group of Canadian Algonquian tribes, discovered (1603) at the mouth of the Saguenay. 1996 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians XVII. 122 These indigenous people..would use Montagnais Jargon items for contact communication with the French. Compounds Montagnais-Naskapi n. a member of the Montagnais and Naskapi peoples collectively (cf. Naskapi adj. and n.); (also) their languages regarded together as a single language (cf. sense A. 2a); also as adj. ΚΠ 1926 F. G. Speck in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 65 275 It would then be more appropriate..to refer to the Indians of the whole area as Montagnais-Naskapi, there being some authority in earlier literature for the retention of these two names. 1928 W. C. MacLeod Amer. Indian Frontier App. X. 560 Most of the Algonkian peoples speak (or spoke) languages of the Eastern-Central group... The Cree sub-group includes Cree, Montagnais-Naskapi..; also Abenaki..and Pennakook. 1937 J. E. Lips Savage hits Back ix. 212 Both are the work of an old Algonquian, a Montagnais-Naskapi of the Lake St. John band. 1973 D. Zimmerly in E. Goudie Woman of Labrador ii. iv. 103 (note) [Mukkoshan is the] Montagnais-Naskapi Indian word used by settlers to denote a feast or party. 1981 Handbk. N. Amer. Indians VI. 185/2 The compound Montagnais-Naskapi was introduced..to include all the Algonquians of the Labrador Peninsula, but it and expressions like Montagnais and Naskapi are sometimes intended to exclude the East Cree. 1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Newfoundland A tiny population of Inuit (Eskimo) and North American Innu (Montagnais-Naskapi) occupy four or five villages on the northern coast of Labrador. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1654
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