monocentricadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌmɒnə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk/, U.S.

/ˌmɑnəˈsɛntrɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: mono- comb. form, -centric comb. form.

Etymology: < mono- comb. form + -centric comb. form, after German †monocentrisch (1878 in passage translated in quot. 1878 at sense A. 1a; now monozentrisch ). Compare post-classical Latin monocentricus (14th cent.). Compare polycentric adj.

A. adj.

a. Science. Having a single centre.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [adjective] > other types of cells

calcigerous1839

apolar1859

monocentric1878

angioblastic1879

mononuclear1886

heterocystous1887

collared1888

oxyphil1893

adendritic1894

neuroblastic1895

amacrine1901

diploid1908

akaryote1909

oat-celled1916

siderocytic1922

hepatocellular1940

promyelocytic1943

podocytic1955

sideroblastic1956

pagetoid1959

melanocytic1961

spheroplasted1973

1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 597 If the rete remains broken up, then it is known as a diffuse, unipolar, or monocentric rete mirabile.

1887 Nature 27 Jan. 301/2 A complexity is introduced as soon as the sap-vacuoles appear, in many cases making the cells not monocentric but polycentric.

1971 Physics Bull. Jan. 16/2 There are several nuclei so that the orbitals are not monocentric but polycentric.

1986 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Genetics 25 389 Affected males and females had an increased frequency of monocentric whorls.

b. Optics. Of a compound lens: having a common centre of curvature for all its components.

ΚΠ

1922 L. Bell Telescope vi. 139 The monocentric eyepiece has a high reputation for keen definition and is admirably achromatic.

1946 Nature 14 Sept. 373/2 A positive eyepiece of orthoscopic or monocentric type.

1966 R. E. Cox in T. Page & L. W. Page Telescopes v. 126 It has three cemented lenses that are monocentric, all four surface radii having one common centre at the middle of the assembly.

1988 Optical Engin. 27 1039 A monocentric element that is, one whose surfaces are concentric, can be valuable in an optical design.

2. Botany. Of the thallus of fungi of the order Chytridiales: having a single centre of growth and development.

ΚΠ

1932 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 19 51 Each zoöspore thus forms a single center or a monocentric thallus.

1957 W. H. Snell & E. A. Dick Gloss. Mycol. 98/1 Monocentric, having a single center;—said of the thallus of the Myxochytridiineae and Rhizidiaceae which arises from a zoöspore and produces a single center of growth and differentiation.

1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) ii. 195/2 The thallus that ultimately forms is monocentric: it has a single central structure into which nutrients flow and from which reproductive structures are initiated.

3. Cell Biology. Having a single centromere.

ΚΠ

1940 H. J. Muller in Jrnl. Genetics 40 2 The reconstructed chromosome cannot continue to be transported..unless it happens to be monocentric and—in Drosophila at least—ditelic, one centromere and two telomeres being necessary and permanent organelles.

1967 Jrnl. Pediatrics 70 721/1 The large monocentric autosomal ring chromosome in this patient was assumed to be the result of terminal deletions of chromosome No. 1 followed by fusion of the ends.

1992 Genetics 131 321 The meiotic behaviour of hIn1(I) is consistent with other genetic and cytogenetic data suggesting the meiotic chromosomes are monocentric.

B. n.

1. Optics. A monocentric lens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses

concave1632

globe1653

meniscus1693

hemispherule1696

convex1705

omphaloptic1728

omphalopter1738

crown lens1764

achromatic1785

condenser1798

meniscus lens1820

Fresnel lens1835

bull's-eye1839

Stanhope lens1850

spot lens1860

amplifier1866

achromat1873

projectora1884

aplanat1890

triplet condenser1892

Aldis lens1902

monocentric1922

Schmidt correcting plate1934

coated lens1948

Panavision1955

Schmidt correcting lens1961

re-imaging1962

1922 L. Bell Telescope vi. 138 A highly specialized form of triplet is the so-called monocentric of Steinheil... Its peculiarity is less in the fact that all the curves are struck from the same centre than in the great thickness of the front flint and the crown.

1970 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 81 24 The author has..a Monocentric purchased as 8.5 mm that turned out to be 14 mm—over 50% longer focal length.

2. Cell Biology. A monocentric chromosome.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome

chromoplastid1885

accessory chromosome1899

chromoplast1902

X1902

heterochromosome1904

idiochromosome1905

macrochromosome1905

allosome1906

autosome1906

monosome1906

sex chromosome1906

supernumerary1907

X chromosome1911

Y chromosome1911

univalent1912

euchromosome1914

W1917

monosome1921

tetrasome1921

trisome1921

heterosome1938

isochromosome1939

trisomic1939

metacentric1945

acrocentric1949

polycentric1953

Philadelphia chromosome1961

monocentric1979

1979 Nature 15 Feb. 532/1 Cells with 45 or more centromeres were scored directly under the microscope..for dicentrics, rings,..abnormal monocentrics, [etc.].

1983 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 5946 A breakage/reunion model..can explain the formation of all observed types of Robertsonian translocations: monocentrics and dicentrics with or without rDNA.

1997 Genome 40 566 Following centric misdivision of these monocentrics, midget chromosomes..were isolated.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	monocentric
释义	monocentricadj.n. Brit. /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)ˈsɛntrɪk/, U.S. /ˌmɑnəˈsɛntrɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: mono- comb. form, -centric comb. form. Etymology: < mono- comb. form + -centric comb. form, after German †monocentrisch (1878 in passage translated in quot. 1878 at sense A. 1a; now monozentrisch ). Compare post-classical Latin monocentricus (14th cent.). Compare polycentric adj. A. adj. 1. a. Science. Having a single centre. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [adjective] > other types of cells calcigerous1839 apolar1859 monocentric1878 angioblastic1879 mononuclear1886 heterocystous1887 collared1888 oxyphil1893 adendritic1894 neuroblastic1895 amacrine1901 diploid1908 akaryote1909 oat-celled1916 siderocytic1922 hepatocellular1940 promyelocytic1943 podocytic1955 sideroblastic1956 pagetoid1959 melanocytic1961 spheroplasted1973 1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 597 If the rete remains broken up, then it is known as a diffuse, unipolar, or monocentric rete mirabile. 1887 Nature 27 Jan. 301/2 A complexity is introduced as soon as the sap-vacuoles appear, in many cases making the cells not monocentric but polycentric. 1971 Physics Bull. Jan. 16/2 There are several nuclei so that the orbitals are not monocentric but polycentric. 1986 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Genetics 25 389 Affected males and females had an increased frequency of monocentric whorls. b. Optics. Of a compound lens: having a common centre of curvature for all its components. ΚΠ 1922 L. Bell Telescope vi. 139 The monocentric eyepiece has a high reputation for keen definition and is admirably achromatic. 1946 Nature 14 Sept. 373/2 A positive eyepiece of orthoscopic or monocentric type. 1966 R. E. Cox in T. Page & L. W. Page Telescopes v. 126 It has three cemented lenses that are monocentric, all four surface radii having one common centre at the middle of the assembly. 1988 Optical Engin. 27 1039 A monocentric element that is, one whose surfaces are concentric, can be valuable in an optical design. 2. Botany. Of the thallus of fungi of the order Chytridiales: having a single centre of growth and development. ΚΠ 1932 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 19 51 Each zoöspore thus forms a single center or a monocentric thallus. 1957 W. H. Snell & E. A. Dick Gloss. Mycol. 98/1 Monocentric, having a single center;—said of the thallus of the Myxochytridiineae and Rhizidiaceae which arises from a zoöspore and produces a single center of growth and differentiation. 1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) ii. 195/2 The thallus that ultimately forms is monocentric: it has a single central structure into which nutrients flow and from which reproductive structures are initiated. 3. Cell Biology. Having a single centromere. ΚΠ 1940 H. J. Muller in Jrnl. Genetics 40 2 The reconstructed chromosome cannot continue to be transported..unless it happens to be monocentric and—in Drosophila at least—ditelic, one centromere and two telomeres being necessary and permanent organelles. 1967 Jrnl. Pediatrics 70 721/1 The large monocentric autosomal ring chromosome in this patient was assumed to be the result of terminal deletions of chromosome No. 1 followed by fusion of the ends. 1992 Genetics 131 321 The meiotic behaviour of hIn1(I) is consistent with other genetic and cytogenetic data suggesting the meiotic chromosomes are monocentric. B. n. 1. Optics. A monocentric lens. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses concave1632 globe1653 meniscus1693 hemispherule1696 convex1705 omphaloptic1728 omphalopter1738 crown lens1764 achromatic1785 condenser1798 meniscus lens1820 Fresnel lens1835 bull's-eye1839 Stanhope lens1850 spot lens1860 amplifier1866 achromat1873 projectora1884 aplanat1890 triplet condenser1892 Aldis lens1902 monocentric1922 Schmidt correcting plate1934 coated lens1948 Panavision1955 Schmidt correcting lens1961 re-imaging1962 1922 L. Bell Telescope vi. 138 A highly specialized form of triplet is the so-called monocentric of Steinheil... Its peculiarity is less in the fact that all the curves are struck from the same centre than in the great thickness of the front flint and the crown. 1970 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 81 24 The author has..a Monocentric purchased as 8.5 mm that turned out to be 14 mm—over 50% longer focal length. 2. Cell Biology. A monocentric chromosome. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome chromoplastid1885 accessory chromosome1899 chromoplast1902 X1902 heterochromosome1904 idiochromosome1905 macrochromosome1905 allosome1906 autosome1906 monosome1906 sex chromosome1906 supernumerary1907 X chromosome1911 Y chromosome1911 univalent1912 euchromosome1914 W1917 monosome1921 tetrasome1921 trisome1921 heterosome1938 isochromosome1939 trisomic1939 metacentric1945 acrocentric1949 polycentric1953 Philadelphia chromosome1961 monocentric1979 1979 Nature 15 Feb. 532/1 Cells with 45 or more centromeres were scored directly under the microscope..for dicentrics, rings,..abnormal monocentrics, [etc.]. 1983 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 5946 A breakage/reunion model..can explain the formation of all observed types of Robertsonian translocations: monocentrics and dicentrics with or without rDNA. 1997 Genome 40 566 Following centric misdivision of these monocentrics, midget chromosomes..were isolated. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1878
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