mono-comb. form

1923 W. F. Friedman Elem. of Cryptanalysis xvii. 113 (table) Table 5.—Synoptic table for cipher analysis. 1. Determine the class from vowel-consonant proportions...2b. Substitution...3c. Monoalphabetic.

1927 Daily Express 24 Nov. 13 The most simple code is the ‘monoalphabetic’, in which a letter is always represented by the same sign, letter, or numeral.

1988 D. Welsh Codes & Cryptogr. vii. 106 A substitution cipher is sometimes described as a monoalphabetic cipher.

1917 H. H. Newman Biol. of Twins i. 23 The twins were not only monochorial but mon-amniotic (contained within a single amnion).

1932 Q. Rev. Biol. 7 298/2 In Tatusia, a mammal which normally has identical quadruplets, the four young are monoamniotic, because the single germ from which they are derived splits at such a relatively late stage that a common amnion has already been formed.

1975 Nature 13 Nov. 182/2 For this purpose will anyone with data on the sex of any monoamniotic twins please communicate with Dr W. James.

1989 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Med. 82 570/2 Monochorionic placentas, whether mono- or di-amniotic, were found only with monozygotic twins.

1950 A. Huxley Themes & Variations 259 The best antidote to nationalistic idolatry is a monotheism with its corollary (since God's fatherhood implies men's brotherhood) of monoanthropism.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Monobranchiate, having one set of branchiæ only.

1947 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 232 445 The ctenidium in the aspidobranchs has been variously specialized.., with increased afferent attachment in the monobranchiate Trochacea.

1962 Marine News (N.Y.) Jan. 11/3 The moor can be accomplished under conditions that would prove hazardous with any other scheme other than a mono-buoy moor.

1964 60 Years of Civil Engin. 1904–1964 (Christiani & Nielsen) 20 The monobuoy is another solution which has found acceptance in many cases.

1972 Times 30 Aug. 9/6 The Tetney oil terminal, a monobuoy situated at the mouth of the Humber capable of handling giant tankers laden with oil.

1993 Offshore (Nexis) Apr. 89 NKK (Tokyo) recently completed successful inspection of a crude unloading pipeline from an offshore monobuoy.

1937 Econometrica 5 375 All monocausal theories..must be abandoned.

1954 Amer. Econ. Rev. 44 317 The conventional monocausal explanation for fluctuations in union membership, the business cycle, is without general validity.

1997 Daily Tel. 4 Feb. 19/1 The Conservatives are rapidly becoming the monocausal explanation for all of Britain's ills.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Monocœlicus, having a single cavity: monocelic.

1965 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 54 1193 For these purposes, one would prefer a monocistronic message containing information for only one protein.

1972 Nature 21 Jan. 131/2 Each segment is transcribed into a single messenger RNA and at least eight of these ten molecules are translated as monocistronic messengers.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) v. 214 Eucaryotic mRNAs..are typically monocistronic, only one species of polypeptide chain being translated per messenger molecule.

2001 Development 128 2867 The apportionment of monocistronic versus dicistronic transcription of both genes appears to be subject to cell-type-specific regulation.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monocœlian, having the encephalocœle single; specifically, of or pertaining to the Monocœlia.

1948 Ecol. Monogr. 18 463/2 The anthers..contain about 2,000 pollen grains each. These grains are oval, reticulate, monocolpate and relatively large.

1967 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 252 40 (caption) Unwinged monocolpate pollen grains recovered from the nucellar tips of two seeds.

1999 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 86 259 Monocolpate grains, of probable magnoliid or monocotyledonous affinity, are the most diverse element.

1948 D. Diringer Alphabet x. 161 The consonantal principle and the selected symbols to represent mono-consonantal words were used by the Egyptians at the beginning of the third millennium B.C.

1976 RAIN No. 15. 5/1 Multi-consonantal signs are frequently..complemented by monoconsonantal signs that record a part of their phonemic value.

1899 Nature 9 Nov. 28/1 Following Vöchtung, the author recognises two principal types—the monocormic and polycormic respectively... The common spruce fir is an example of a monocormic conifer.

1989 Memoranda Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 65 70/1 The mountain birch has two main growth forms, one monocormic and one polycormic.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Monocrotic, a term applied to the pulse in which the dicrotic wave is absent.

1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) II. 22 Among the principal dangerous signs are a marked dicrotous or mono-crotous pulse.

1949 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. IV. 382 Monofunctional ligand groups..are sometimes known as unidentate or monodentate groups.

1974 Jrnl. Inorg. & Nuclear Chem. 36 1221/1 The behaviour of ethylenediamine as a monodentate ligand has also been reported in a few other cobalt..and chromium..complexes.

1992 Inorg. Chem. 31 19/2 Association constants between these metal ions and monodentate anionic oxygen ligands vary little.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Monodermic, having an envelope or skin consisting of one layer only.

1897 Nature 7 Oct. 555/2 The elements which constitute the mono~dermic outer wall of the cœlom.

1933 Q. Rev. Biol. 8 348/1 A detailed account of the embryology..from the stage of the monodermic blastocyst through the origin and organization of the four embryonic primordia.

1993 Internat. Jrnl. Gynecol. Pathol. 12 270 A model for monodermic neuroepithelial differentiation.

1880 T. A. Spalding Elizabethan Demonol. 17 Monodiabolism being as impossible as monotheism.

1873 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1872 ii. 23 Employing X_n to mean an integer function of x, of degree n, it is proposed to digest all the Monodiametral curves into five Groups.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 752/1 Monodichlamydeous, having indifferently either a calyx only, or both calyx and corolla.

1920 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 May 349/2 No matter what the advocate of a mixed-food diet may say to the contrary, there is no disputing the fact that the nearer one gets to the mono-diet the better the health will be.

1953 ‘I. Devi’ Forever Young Forever Healthy v. 61 The mono-diet..is the kind of diet where you eat only one type of food. It makes no difference whether it is only milk,..or anything else.

1989 S. Fulder Handbk. Complementary Med. (rev. ed.) xviii. 239 A mono-diet is one in which a food or group of foods is eaten almost exclusively for a period of time.

1910 Mind 19 100 To reduce the multi-dimensional physical world to the character of the monodimensional stream of consciousness.

1980 Logophile 4 i. 53/2 She dwells on the problems encountered by women when trying..to express an inner reality that has been silenced by the ‘monodimensional reality’ of the patriarchal order.

1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. 13 Monodimetric of Hausmann.

1854 B. Powell Pereira's Lect. Polarized Light (ed. 2) 196 The pyramidal, the tetragonal, or the monodimetric system.

1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) Introd. 24 Tetragonal System (also called Quadratic, Pyramidal, Monodimetric, Dimetric).

1962 Icarus 1 191 An integral equation for the scattering function for a finite, plane-parallel, inhomogeneous, nonemitting and anisotropically scattering atmosphere is derived in the case of time-dependent monodirectional illumination of the lower boundary.

1984 Dictionaries 6 173 If the dictionary is compiled for the benefit of only one of the speakers of the two languages, it is called ‘monodirectional’ or ‘unidirectional’.

1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Feb. 305/1 A monodirectional breeze..might expose the bonfire maker to no carcinogens at all.

1825 T. Carlyle Life Schiller (1845) iii. 154 The plan was that it [sc. Schiller's Xenien] should comprise an immense multitude of detached couplets, each conveying a complete thought... It was at first intended to provide about a thousand of these pointed monodistichs.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Monodynamus, applied to a plant among the stamens of which there is found one much longer than the others..: monodynamous.

1936 N. Feather Introd. Nucl. Physics iv. 69 When more intense sources of mono-energetic neutrons can be employed..it is likely that very significant conclusions will be reached.

1954 Sci. News 33 41 If..we bombard a nucleus of a particular element with a monoenergetic beam of particles, the nuclei which are excited as a result of the collisions taking place will have a wide range of excitation energies.

1989 Nature 27 Apr. 740/2 Cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter may be of interest..as a source of monoenergetic neutrons.

1946 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 68 360/2 The monofunctional trimethylchlorosilane acts as a growth terminating agent or ‘chain~stopper’.

1964 Brit. Med. Bull. 20 91/1 The carcinogenic action of a series of monofunctional ethyleneimines.

1974 Analyt. Chem. 46 344 (heading) Potentiometric titration of monofunctional bases in ion exchanger-aqueous solution medium.

1991 Nature 24 Jan. 314/1 We have studied the dehydrocyclization of n-hexane over a MgO catalyst, the basicity of which may also lead to a monofunctional reaction mechanism.

1861 F. J. Bumstead Pathol. & Treatm. Venereal Dis. 428 It is very rare for more than a single gland on one or both sides to suppurate specifically; and hence the virulent bubo is said to be ‘monoganglial’.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monoganglionic, having a single ganglion.

1913 F. L. Stevens Fungi which cause Plant Dis. iii. 166 The third and fourth families [of Aspergillales] are monogeneric.

1944 Ecol. Monog. 14 273/2 The genus Anniella constitutes a distinct monogeneric family, Anniellidae.

1970 Ecology 51 721/1 The isopod family is monogeneric (genus Tylos), with about 20 species.

1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) ix. 302/1 The earliest belong to the monogeneric class Helicoplacoidea, specimens of which were first discovered in 1963.

1950 Proc. Amer. Soc. Sugar Beet Technologists 6 156 Monogerm sugar beet varieties have not been developed in either Europe or America. Failure to develop such varieties is due to difficulties in detecting monogerm plants.

1972 Nature 21 Jan. 136/2 Larks still destroy young seedlings, spaced scientifically and grown from monogerm seeds.

1988 J. A. R. Lockhart & A. J. L. Wiseman Introd. Crop Husbandry (ed. 6) iv. 124/2 Monogerm seed contains a single embryo from which only one plant will grow.

1876 Amer. Naturalist 10 604 The wide-spread European blues, Argus and Aegon, are usually placed among monogoneutic insects, and the latter certainly has a single brood in England.

1892 Amer. Naturalist 26 876 Galeruca xanthomelœna. Monogoneutic at New Brunswick, N.J.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monogonoporic, having a single sexual opening or generative pore; specifically, pertaining to the Monogonopora, or having their characters.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monogonoporous, having a single genital pore, as a turbellarian; pertaining to the Monogonopora: opposed to digonoporous.

1984 Physical Rev. Lett. 53 641/2 Monojets could also arise from γ̃g̃ and γ̃q̃ production, but these cross sections are small.

1985 Nature 3 Jan. 9/2 Many of the early ‘monojets’ can be seen, on closer inspection, to have had other jets associated with them.

1994 Sci. Amer. Feb. 73/2 A team..at CERN had found not only Z's and W's..but also ‘monojets’, a phenomenon that apparently violated the Standard Model.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monolobite, a trilobite in which the trilobed or tripartite character of the upper surface is almost lost, as in the genus Homalonotus.

1888 Lancet 26 May 1043 The cirrhosis is at first monolobular.

1962 Science 4 May 385/1 In all of the animals studied..the [nerve] endings tend to be monolobular, layered, and composed of neurofibrils.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Clin. Pract. 47 164 The characteristic features are the pathological findings of portal-portal linkages, with a pattern of monolobular cirrhosis and the preservation of normal vascular relationships.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Monolocular, having only one cavity or cell.

1927 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 14 233 The other stamen, having only one large bundle, develops an anther which is monolocular and two-sporangiate.

1978 Arch. Dis. Childhood 53 154 For a period of up to 8 weeks after birth there is an apparent depletion in the number and size of overt fat vacuoles in the cell and from this time on there is a progressive change to monolocular fat cells.

1994 S. Afr. Jrnl. Bot. 60 22 The ovaries are monolocular with a single anatropous ovule.

1929 H. E. Palmer Rep. Res. Activities 1928–9 Inst. Res. Eng. Teaching (Tokyo) 9 Each of these white spots is a word, that which is contained in a ring is not a word but a word-family... I propose to call the spots monologons and the rings monologemes (the termination on suggests the individual unit, and the termination eme suggests the group unit)... There are times however when..instead of the cumbrous ‘monologons or monologemes’ we may use the convenient common form monologs.

1947 H. Bongers Hist. & Princ. Vocab. Control i. iii. 56 The vocabulary of a language consists of:..Units neither more nor less than single words written without a break... These have been conveniently termed ‘monologs’.

1840 R. Hiley Treat. Eng. Gram. (ed. 3) 26 A Monopersonal (Impersonal) verb is one that is used only in the third person.

1846 W. H. Wells Gram. Eng. Lang. 110 The term impersonal is commonly applied to this class of verbs... Hiley denominates these verbs monopersonal.

1963 Grana Palynologica 4 121 Aglaoreidia cyclops, a monoporate pollen first discovered in the Lower Headon beds of the Isle of Wight.

1997 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 84 355 Both pollen types are monoporate, with a large porus covered by an operculum that may account for almost half the total surface area of the grain.

1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 330/2 The advanced or monoprostyle colonnade in the centre is 200 feet in length.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monopterygian, pertaining to the Monopterygii, or having their characters.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Monopterygius, having but one fin..: monopterygious.

1817 J. Keats Let. 9 Mar. (1958) I. 123 Your kindness affects me so sensibly that I can merely put down a few mono-sentences.

1853 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 3 453 The simple click being called so, more from its being a common head of the class..than from its being any more of a monosound than what are called the modified clicks.

1875 Gentleman's Mag. 15 445 His laugh—with an abrupt, short, monosound—more like a short gasp or snort than a laugh.

1994 Jrnl. Black Stud. 25 143 Sounds are transcribed in graphs to represent monosounds or polysounds.

1888 A. L. Ranney Lect. Nerv. Dis. i. 70 Monoplegia and monospasm are pecularly [sic] diagnostic of a cortical disease anterior to the fissure of Rolando.

1890 Cent. Dict. at Jacksonian epilepsy Epilepsy in which the spasms are local... Such spasms are also called monospasms, or, when they are followed by general convulsions, protospasms.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 291 The monospasms or protospasms of Jacksonian epilepsy.

1927 J. H. Craigie in Nature 23 July 116/1 Altogether more than 1200 monosporidial and about 200 bisporidial pustules have been under observation.

1947 Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 1 63 Phenotypic variability may obscure genetic difference between monosporidial lines or biotypes of U[stilago] zeae.

1984 D. A. Roberts & C. W. Boothroyd Fund. Plant Pathol. (ed. 2) ix. 126 Many other insects visit pycnia and may mix nectar from different monosporidial infections.

1998 Current Genetics 33 216 A monosporidial strain [of Ustilago hordei]..exhibited a new 1620-kb chromosome band.

1957 R. Watson-Watt Three Steps to Victory xxii. 128 We had already erected a direction-finding hut so close to the others as to show that we were..confidently counting on wholly monostatic working. That is to say we would obtain all the information required from a sector of our front by observations made at a single site accommodating both transmitter and receiver.

1973 Nature 9 Mar. 109/2 Some work has been reported in which a steerable monostatic radar has been pointed obliquely in several directions successively, so as to measure more than one velocity component.

1997 Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 78 651 Doppler sodar configurations examined in these studies included bistatic, monostatic, and phased array.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Monostigmatus, applied to a plant, to an ovary, or to a style which has but one stigma..: monostigmatous.

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Monostylus, applied to an ovary which bears but one style..: monostylous.

1988 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 75 1742 Floral sexuality is characterized for the flora of the Cape region of South Africa. Among angiosperms..monostylous hermaphroditism constitutes the largest proportion of species with 77.7%, followed by gynomonoecism (7.1%), dioecism (6.6%).

1947 O. F. Selling Stud. Hawaiian Pollen Statistics ii. 367 The majority of the pollens are united in tetrads... Monads (monosulcate) are of rare occurrence and reported chiefly from Pleonadrae.

1978 Rev. Palaeobot. & Palynol. 25 165 (heading) Description of stock monosulcate pollen.

1992 Cretaceous Res. 13 337 A key element is the coarsely reticulate monosulcate angiosperm Brenneripollis, which appears near the base of the Aptian in England.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 119 Charcot thinks..that in children the usual stigmata [of hysteria] are often absent and the disease is ‘monosymptomatic’.

1939 Q. Rev. Biol. 14 309/2 In all such cases as noted above, hyperthyroidism surely exists though its manifestations may..be only of a monosymptomatic nature, such as premature gray hair.

1990 Brain 113 299 MS usually presents as a monosymptomatic syndrome such as optic neuritis or a subacute myelopathy.

1890 Cent. Dict. Monothelious, polyandrous: noting species in which several males serve to fecundate a single female.

1964 Chemotherapia 9 174 As far as the total number of resistant populations against INH is concerned—if this drug was used in monotherapy—70.0% were evaluated as resistant.

2000 Transplantation 15 1403 The effectiveness of lamivudine monotherapy for the management of HBV recurrence after liver transplantation was assessed.

1835 C. U. Shepard Treat. Mineral. I. p. xxxi Pearl Kerate..1 Hexahedral..2 Pyramidal..3 Monotomous.

1954 O. Krayer in V. A. Drill Pharmacol. in Med. xxxiii. 8/2 The monoester veratridine is of no clinical use because it has an inadequate therapeutic range and its duration of action is too short.

1992 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 57 312/2 The diester began to appear when the yield of the monoester reached 92% and most of the diol had already been consumed.

1929 Chem. Abstr. 23 3232 If 352 parts of ethylene oxide is added to 3400 parts of 25% aq. NH₃ at 10°, monoethanolamine is obtained.

1959 Times Rev Industry Jan. 67/1 The CO₂ removed by scrubbing with monoethanolamine is used as a purge gas.

1989 Hydrocarbon Processing Nov. 92/2 CO₂ is removed from the synthesis gas in any one of a number of systems..—e.g., hot carbonate, MEA (monoethanolamine), Selexol, etc.

1903 Science 12 June 941 This body, on treatment with alcoholic potash, gives a monohydroxy-derivative by replacement of one chlorine.

1967 Biochem. & Biophysical Res. Communications 26 562 A monohydroxy analog of vitamin K, in which the hydroxyl substituent is at position b or c in the phytyl side chain.

1995 Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition 16 604 (caption) The formulas of oxcarbazepine (OXC), monohydroxy derivative (MHD), and dihydroxy derivative (DHD).

1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. xiv. 536 These equilibrium constants imply that the pH range of existence of mono-hydroxylated cations is very small whereas that of singly-charged anions is much wider.

1990 Jrnl. Developmental Physiol. 14 100/2 High performance liquid chromatographic determination of diclofenac and its monohydroxylated metabolites in biological fluids.

1878 Harper's Mag. Sept. 632/2 During the process there is disengaged a considerable quantity of trimethylamine, the hydrochlorate of which decomposes..into free trimethylamine, monomethylamine, hydrochlorate, and methyl chloride.

1940 S. Miall New Dict. Chem. 330/1 Monomethylamine, Methylamine, CH₃NH₂, is a colourless gas with an ammoniacal odour... It occurs in some plants, in herring brine, and crude bone oil.

1995 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 117 9071/1 We have chosen to study the adsorption of the basic molecule monomethylamine (MMA) on zeolite HY.

1964 O. Hayaishi in Proc. 6th Internat. Congr. Biochem. 32/1 It appears reasonable to propose that the term ‘oxygenase’ be defined to include the group of enzymes which catalyze the incorporation of either one or two atoms of molecular oxygen per molecule of organic substrates and that these two groups of enzymes be referred to as monooxygenases and dioxygenases respectively instead of hydroxylases and oxygenases.

1980 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77 92/1 Tyrosine hydroxylase (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase..)..catalyzes the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis.

1993 Science 1 Jan. 64/2 Squalene monooxygenase, a key enzyme in the sterol biosynthesis pathway, deposits only a single oxygen atom on the squalene molecule.

1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 695 Amides of Potassium. Monopotassamide, KH₂N, is formed when potassium is gently heated in ammonia-gas. It is an olive-green substance.

1910 Science 18 Feb. 274 Two oxalates of hydrazine have been prepared, the neutral monoxalate (N₂H₄)₂.H₂C₂O₄, and the acid dioxalate N₂H₄.H₂C₂O₄.

1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) ix. 138 This is a simple esterification, resulting in the formation of glyceryl monoxalate.

1980 Carbohydrate Res. 82 31 The free 1-esters 2 β, 9 β, and 14 β..were characterised as the monoxalate or trifluoroacetate salts and as free bases.