modulatev.

Brit.

/ˈmɒdjᵿleɪt/,

/ˈmɒdʒᵿleɪt/, U.S.

/ˈmɑdʒəˌleɪt/

Forms: 1500s– modulate; also Scottish pre-1700 modulat (past participle).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin modulāt-, modulārī.

Etymology: < classical Latin modulāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of modulārī to regulate (sounds) in accordance with the rules of melody, pitch, etc., to set to music, to make music, to measure < modulus modulus n. Compare Middle French, French moduler (1458 in sense ‘to render by various inflections of the voice’, 1703 in sense ‘to change one's tone’, 1902 in sense 5; rare before 18th cent.), Italian modulare (a1492 in sense ‘to sing’, a1590 in sense ‘to change tone’), Old Occitan modular (a1500; Occitan modular ), Portuguese modular (1572), Spanish modular (mid 15th cent.). Compare earlier modulator n. and slightly earlier modulate adj.

†1.

a. transitive. To sing, intone (a song, etc.) correctly, according to certain rules of melody; to give (a note) its proper measure or duration. Also: to play (a note) correctly on an instrument. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)]

singc825

leadOE

galea1000

record1483

chant1566

modulate?1567

carol?1578

strain1589

relish1592

lyrica1704

vocalize1782

lip1789

flute1842

?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter xcii. 260 To thy good name: O God so hye: due laudes to modulate.

c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 4^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Modulat Quhow mekill the propir noit thair in the cantione is wontit to be modulat.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Modulate, to sing by measure.

1636 C. Butler Princ. Musik i. i. 1 Musik is the Art of modulating Notes in voice or instrument.

b. intransitive. To play on an instrument; to make melody. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > play instrument [verb (intransitive)]

playeOE

glewc900

sound1382

modulate1698

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 174 Who hearing one sweetly modulating on an Ismean Pipe, swore he would rather hear the neighing of an Horse.

a. transitive. To vary the tone, pitch, or strength of (one's voice, a note, etc.); to vary or inflect in tone; to give tune or melody to, to adapt to a new tune. Also in figurative context. Also with †to, †unto.In quot. 1746: to set the pitch of, to tune.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > impart specific tone or quality [verb (transitive)]

modulatec1570

quiver1660

tone1811

inflect1828

tanga1849

the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > make proportionate (to)

proportiona1398

qualify1548

modulatec1570

proportionate1570

measure1590

cantle1603

apportion1615

equal1618

commensurate1660

scantle1711

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)]

temperc1300

set?1473

tune1505

entune1523

modulatec1570

retune1606

to tune upa1718

attune1728

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > modulate voice

modulatec1570

tune1596

c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 30^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Modulat In the quhilk nocht alanely the figuris bot also the ordinaris of singis is to be obserwit eftir the quhilk the noittis now hiear now lawer aw to be modulat.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 911 The second vse [of the tongue] is to breake the ayer that is driuen out of the Lungs and to Modulate the voyce.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra i. v. §21 The Nose, Lips, Teeth, Palate, Jaw, Tongue,..All serving to make, or to modulate the Sound.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. Observ. 261 Is it credible that any person could modulate her voice so artfully as to resemble so many voices?

1746 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 28 Mar. Gluck..is to play on a set of drinking-glasses, which he modulates with water.

1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. iii. 24 He listened to the voice of nature, and modulated his own unto it.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. lii. 443 The songs of triumph were modulated to psalms and litanies.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. xx. 23 As sound Of cittern, at the fret-board, or of pipe, Is, at the wind-hole, modulate and tun'd.

1830 T. De Quincey Life R. Bentley in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 673/1 Bentley's English style was less meritorious... He took no pains with it... He would not stop to modulate a tuneless sentence.

1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxvi. 2 The noise is to be modulated with tune and time.

1889 Harper's Mag. Oct. 680 We are conscious of a murmuring humble voice: it is a beggar, who is modulating a prayer for alms.

1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness ii, in Youth 115 A complaining clamour, modulated in savage discords, filled our ears.

1932 G. Greene Stamboul Train ii. i. 87 The doubt made her less certain of herself and she spoke gently, more gently than she had intended, for it was difficult to modulate her husky voice.

1990 A. J. Tierney et al. Elements Nursing (BNC) 106 Some people have low, monotonous voices and others can modulate the voice for effective and varied expression.

†b. intransitive. poetic. To become attuned with. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > admit of being sung [verb (intransitive)] > be sung in harmony

modulate1816

1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 4 I wait thy breath, Great Parent, that my strain May modulate with murmurs of the air,..And voice of living beings.

a. intransitive. Music. To pass from one key or mode to or into another; to change key. Of a key: to change in this way. Also in figurative context. †to modulate upon: to introduce (a note) as a transition to another key (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > systems of sounds or intervals [verb (intransitive)] > change key

modulate1721

1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick xiii. 441 To modulate into and make Cadences upon several other Keys.

1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick xiii. 446 It now remains to shew, how to modulate from one Key to another, so that the Transitions may be easy and natural.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 192/1 To modulate properly in the same tone, it is necessary, 1. To run through all the sounds of it in an agreeable air [etc.].

1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 193/1 Issuing from the major mode of ut, to modulate upon its mediant.

1856 Southern Literary Messenger Dec. 447/1 He [sc. Burns] wrote Amang the Rigs of Barley with quite as much gusto, and modulated into that key a great deal oftener than into any other.

1889 E. Prout Harmony (ed. 3) x. 104 A minor key most often modulates to one of the related major keys.

1890 A. B. Bach Art Ballad 128 Loewe here modulates..from G minor into E flat minor.

1947 Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 29 After the climax Mendelssohn duly modulates to his ‘recapitulation-section’.

1991 Classic CD Dec. 22/1 The music modulates to the completely remote key of F sharp minor for the start of the development.

†b. transitive. Music. To pass to (a particular note) in the course of performing a melody. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > melody or succession of sounds > melody [verb (transitive)] > melodic progression

invert1737

modulate1797

1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 512/1 After having sung the tone ut, we naturally modulate the third mi, and the fifth sol, instead of the double octave of mi, and the octave of sol.

c. intransitive. gen. To change from one form or condition into another; to undergo shifting or transition in style, mood, or subject.

ΚΠ

1878 T. Hardy Return of Native ii. v, in Belgravia Apr. 252 ‘Upon my song 'tis another ten minutes for us,’ said the Valiant Soldier, looking through the keyhole as the tune modulated into another without stopping.

1885 S. Cox Expos. xi. 131 In the middle of verse 5, the invocation of a divine advent modulates into a sorrowful and pathetic confession of sin.

1960 Partisan Rev. Fall 609 In literary criticism..artless enthusiasm..has modulated into..more restrained yea-saying.

1984 P. Rose Parallel Lives (1985) 15 Love can modulate into affection without driving two people apart.

1996 Observer 29 Dec. 27/2 At its finest..Coleridge's borrowings modulate into something ‘rich and strange’ very much his own.

a. transitive. gen. To set or regulate in a certain measure and proportion; to adjust, temper, vary conformably to; to soften, temper, tone down.Often coloured by suggestion of one of the more technical senses according to context.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > tone down

temperc1000

modifyc1385

softenc1410

tame?a1500

qualify1536

temperatea1540

extenuate1561

supple1609

dilute1665

palliate1665

weaken1683

subdue1723

lower1780

modulate1783

to shade away1817

to water down1832

to water down1836

sober1838

veil1843

to tone down1847

to break down1859

soothe1860

tone1884

to key down1891

soft-pedal1912

1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 43 I shall certainly endeavour to modulate myself to this temper.

1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. ii. 77 She determined to modulate that nature to her own views.

1832 Ld. Tennyson Eleänore in Poems (new ed.) 28 Motions flow To one another, even as tho' They were modulated so To an unheard melody.

1858 H. Bushnell Serm. for New Life (1869) xii. 168 He learns how to modulate and operate his will.

1890 G. Gissing Emancipated I. ii. 40 Cecily could not sing, but her voice declared her of those who think in song, whose minds are modulated to the poetry, not to the prose, of life.

1904 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 345/2 His glance..travelled from the walls lined with well-bound books to the lamps modulated to the proper light.

1991 L. Miller Lett. from Lost Generation p. xxix MacLeish's letters..are..artfully modulated with an undertone of restraint which gives them emotional resonance.

b. transitive. To exert a modifying or controlling influence on; to regulate. (Chiefly in technical contexts.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)]

temperc1000

keelc1175

slakea1300

abate?c1335

settle1338

swagea1340

modifyc1385

rebatea1398

bate1398

moder1414

releasea1425

remiss?a1425

moderate1435

alethe?1440

delaya1450

appal1470

addulce1477

mollify1496

mean?a1513

relent1535

qualify1536

temperatea1540

aplake1578

slack1589

relaxate1598

milden1603

mitigate1611

relax1612

alleniate1615

allay1628

alloy1634

castigate1653

smoothen1655

tendera1656

mitify1656

meeken1662

remitigate1671

obviscate1684

slacken1685

chastise1704

dulcify1744

absorb1791

demulceate1817

chasten1856

modulate1974

mediate1987

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 147 The rhyme of the poet Modulates the king's affairs, Balance-loving nature Made all things in pairs.

1937 Amer. Home Apr. 152/1 (advt.) Hoffman Controlled Heat accurately modulates the heat supply to every variation in the weather.

1974 Sci. Amer. Nov. 39/1 The steam flow is modulated by a control valve actuated by a speed governor on the rotor.

1993 Sci. & Public Affairs. Winter 33/1 Our own efforts, like those of other major plant breeders, have focused on modulating the ripening process.

5. Chiefly Physics and Engineering.

a. transitive. To vary the amplitude, frequency, or other characteristic of (an electromagnetic wave or other oscillating signal, or a beam of particles) in accordance with the variations of a second signal, typically one of lower frequency. Also: to vary (the amplitude, etc., of a wave) in this way.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [verb (transitive)] > modulate

modulate1908

phase-modulate1941

pulse1957

frequency-modulate1962

undermodulate1962

1908 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 27 575 For wireless telephony three things are necessary:..2. Means for modulating this stream of waves in accordance with sound waves.

1941 Electronic Engin. 14 485/1 The direct transmission and reception of speech or music over long distances..is impractical and propagation of audio frequencies is usually accomplished by using them to modulate an R.F. wave acting as carrier.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. II. 591/2 In broadcasting on long, medium and short waves it is normally the amplitude which is modulated.

1965 Science 8 Oct. 153/3 The simplest way to modulate a beam of light..is to turn the generator of light on and off.

1972 Sci. Amer. Sept. 132/2 The received signal is decoded into its components and used to modulate three independent electron beams.

1984 M. Dittrick & D. Dittrick No Uncertain Terms 75 The synchrocyclotron..solves this problem by modulating the frequency of the accelerating voltage, decreasing it to keep in step with the particle as it grows increasingly ponderous.

1990 Music Technol. Apr. 80/2 If the polarising signal is then modulated by an analogue signal in the audio range it will actually work as a loudspeaker.

b. transitive. To apply a signal to (a device) that modulates its output signal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > modulate (a device)

modulate1920

1920 P. E. Edelman Exper. Wireless Stations (rev. ed.) xv. 238 Starting with a telephone transmitter, this may be used to grid modulate one vacuum tube which in turn is cascaded to several others.

1953 W. A. Edson Vacuum-tube Oscillators xvi. 391 Magnetrons are ordinarily modulated by applying a large negative pulse to the cathode.

1989 Music Technol. Oct. 32/1 It has a force sensor so when you press hard on the key you can modulate the oscillators and route the modulation through the filters.

c. transitive. To impress (a signal) on to a carrier wave by modulation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > modulate (a signal)

modulate1930

1930 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 16 503 By the use of amplifiers, the light signal could be modulated directly on the carrier wave.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 267 A system for distributing audio information by modulating it on to a high frequency carrier..which is then amplified..and broadcast.

1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers v. 118 This [signal] cannot be added direct to the L + R information fed to the transmitter. First it has to be modulated on to a subcarrier of 38kHz.

1985 Music 2 Feb. 33/1 This is recorded first... The video information is then modulated on top.

6. intransitive. Biology. Of a cell: to undergo modulation into a different form (see modulation n. 8).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > cellular processes > [verb (intransitive)] > modulation

modulate1956

1956 C. H. Waddington Princ. Embryol. xvi. 361 When differentiated vertebrate cells are grown in tissue culture.., they ‘modulate’ into less-specialised forms which may appear to be dedifferentiated.

1964 N. T. Spratt Introd. Cell Differentiation vi. 68 Although cells of cultured tissues may undergo temporary dedifferentiation (that is, may modulate), permanent loss of basic properties which distinguish the cells as to type seems to be rare.

1994 Tissue & Cell 26 747/1 Fibroblasts during the proliferative stage of the disease appear to modulate into specialized cells termed ‘myofibroblasts’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	modulate
释义	† modulateadj. Forms: 1500s modolate, 1500s modulate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin modulātus. Etymology: < classical Latin modulātus musically attuned, harmonious, use as adjective of past participle of modulārī (see modulate v.). Obsolete. Modulated; harmonious. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > [adjective] samtalec1175 samentalea1300 accordingc1300 accordantc1350 covenablec1384 concordable1393 accorda1413 suant1418 consonant1489 convenablea1500 concordant1512 semblable1513 convenient1526 modulatec1530 harmonical1531 harmoniacal1536 agreeable1540 concurrent1542 suitable1568 concinne1569 harmonial1569 sympathical1570 tunable1573 coherenta1575 conspiring1576 well-consenting1579 well-consorted1583 congruous1599 high-tuned1603 symbolizing1611 unjarring1620 concording1627 congruenta1637 harmonious1638 friendlya1641 unclashing1642 complying1646 symphoniacal1650 consistent1651 consentaneous1652 consentivea1657 symbolical1667 concordiousa1670 sympathetic1673 congenerous1677 symbolizant1685 congenial1693 symphonious1743 harmonic1756 concentual1782 undiscordant1819 concordial1822 attuned1833 connate1836 sympathetical1848 concentuous1850 consenting1858 consilient1867 tuned in1958 the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > [adjective] > that is in due proportion or proportionate > adjusted in due proportion proportionedc1395 modulatec1530 proportionated1612 modulateda1806 c1530 in Anglia (1908) 31 386 All plesure, pastyme, & modolate sonour, whyche by ther rowolyng make musicall armony. 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 24^v So in a modulate and well composed building, to sustaine great weights, Naues are appointed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2020). modulatev. Brit. /ˈmɒdjᵿleɪt/, /ˈmɒdʒᵿleɪt/, U.S. /ˈmɑdʒəˌleɪt/ Forms: 1500s– modulate; also Scottish pre-1700 modulat (past participle). Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin modulāt-, modulārī. Etymology: < classical Latin modulāt-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of modulārī to regulate (sounds) in accordance with the rules of melody, pitch, etc., to set to music, to make music, to measure < modulus modulus n. Compare Middle French, French moduler (1458 in sense ‘to render by various inflections of the voice’, 1703 in sense ‘to change one's tone’, 1902 in sense 5; rare before 18th cent.), Italian modulare (a1492 in sense ‘to sing’, a1590 in sense ‘to change tone’), Old Occitan modular (a1500; Occitan modular ), Portuguese modular (1572), Spanish modular (mid 15th cent.). Compare earlier modulator n. and slightly earlier modulate adj. †1. a. transitive. To sing, intone (a song, etc.) correctly, according to certain rules of melody; to give (a note) its proper measure or duration. Also: to play (a note) correctly on an instrument. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] singc825 leadOE galea1000 record1483 chant1566 modulate?1567 carol?1578 strain1589 relish1592 lyrica1704 vocalize1782 lip1789 flute1842 ?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter xcii. 260 To thy good name: O God so hye: due laudes to modulate. c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 4^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Modulat Quhow mekill the propir noit thair in the cantione is wontit to be modulat. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Modulate, to sing by measure. 1636 C. Butler Princ. Musik i. i. 1 Musik is the Art of modulating Notes in voice or instrument. b. intransitive. To play on an instrument; to make melody. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > play instrument [verb (intransitive)] playeOE glewc900 sound1382 modulate1698 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 174 Who hearing one sweetly modulating on an Ismean Pipe, swore he would rather hear the neighing of an Horse. 2. a. transitive. To vary the tone, pitch, or strength of (one's voice, a note, etc.); to vary or inflect in tone; to give tune or melody to, to adapt to a new tune. Also in figurative context. Also with †to, †unto.In quot. 1746: to set the pitch of, to tune. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > impart specific tone or quality [verb (transitive)] modulatec1570 quiver1660 tone1811 inflect1828 tanga1849 the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)] > make proportionate (to) proportiona1398 qualify1548 modulatec1570 proportionate1570 measure1590 cantle1603 apportion1615 equal1618 commensurate1660 scantle1711 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > tune [verb (transitive)] temperc1300 set?1473 tune1505 entune1523 modulatec1570 retune1606 to tune upa1718 attune1728 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > modulate voice modulatec1570 tune1596 c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 30^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Modulat In the quhilk nocht alanely the figuris bot also the ordinaris of singis is to be obserwit eftir the quhilk the noittis now hiear now lawer aw to be modulat. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 911 The second vse [of the tongue] is to breake the ayer that is driuen out of the Lungs and to Modulate the voyce. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra i. v. §21 The Nose, Lips, Teeth, Palate, Jaw, Tongue,..All serving to make, or to modulate the Sound. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. iv. Observ. 261 Is it credible that any person could modulate her voice so artfully as to resemble so many voices? 1746 H. Walpole Let. to H. Mann 28 Mar. Gluck..is to play on a set of drinking-glasses, which he modulates with water. 1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. iii. 24 He listened to the voice of nature, and modulated his own unto it. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. lii. 443 The songs of triumph were modulated to psalms and litanies. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. xx. 23 As sound Of cittern, at the fret-board, or of pipe, Is, at the wind-hole, modulate and tun'd. 1830 T. De Quincey Life R. Bentley in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 673/1 Bentley's English style was less meritorious... He took no pains with it... He would not stop to modulate a tuneless sentence. 1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxvi. 2 The noise is to be modulated with tune and time. 1889 Harper's Mag. Oct. 680 We are conscious of a murmuring humble voice: it is a beggar, who is modulating a prayer for alms. 1902 J. Conrad Heart of Darkness ii, in Youth 115 A complaining clamour, modulated in savage discords, filled our ears. 1932 G. Greene Stamboul Train ii. i. 87 The doubt made her less certain of herself and she spoke gently, more gently than she had intended, for it was difficult to modulate her husky voice. 1990 A. J. Tierney et al. Elements Nursing (BNC) 106 Some people have low, monotonous voices and others can modulate the voice for effective and varied expression. †b. intransitive. poetic. To become attuned with. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > admit of being sung [verb (intransitive)] > be sung in harmony modulate1816 1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 4 I wait thy breath, Great Parent, that my strain May modulate with murmurs of the air,..And voice of living beings. 3. a. intransitive. Music. To pass from one key or mode to or into another; to change key. Of a key: to change in this way. Also in figurative context. †to modulate upon: to introduce (a note) as a transition to another key (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > systems of sounds or intervals [verb (intransitive)] > change key modulate1721 1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick xiii. 441 To modulate into and make Cadences upon several other Keys. 1721 A. Malcolm Treat. Musick xiii. 446 It now remains to shew, how to modulate from one Key to another, so that the Transitions may be easy and natural. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 192/1 To modulate properly in the same tone, it is necessary, 1. To run through all the sounds of it in an agreeable air [etc.]. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 193/1 Issuing from the major mode of ut, to modulate upon its mediant. 1856 Southern Literary Messenger Dec. 447/1 He [sc. Burns] wrote Amang the Rigs of Barley with quite as much gusto, and modulated into that key a great deal oftener than into any other. 1889 E. Prout Harmony (ed. 3) x. 104 A minor key most often modulates to one of the related major keys. 1890 A. B. Bach Art Ballad 128 Loewe here modulates..from G minor into E flat minor. 1947 Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 29 After the climax Mendelssohn duly modulates to his ‘recapitulation-section’. 1991 Classic CD Dec. 22/1 The music modulates to the completely remote key of F sharp minor for the start of the development. †b. transitive. Music. To pass to (a particular note) in the course of performing a melody. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > melody or succession of sounds > melody [verb (transitive)] > melodic progression invert1737 modulate1797 1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 512/1 After having sung the tone ut, we naturally modulate the third mi, and the fifth sol, instead of the double octave of mi, and the octave of sol. c. intransitive. gen. To change from one form or condition into another; to undergo shifting or transition in style, mood, or subject. ΚΠ 1878 T. Hardy Return of Native ii. v, in Belgravia Apr. 252 ‘Upon my song 'tis another ten minutes for us,’ said the Valiant Soldier, looking through the keyhole as the tune modulated into another without stopping. 1885 S. Cox Expos. xi. 131 In the middle of verse 5, the invocation of a divine advent modulates into a sorrowful and pathetic confession of sin. 1960 Partisan Rev. Fall 609 In literary criticism..artless enthusiasm..has modulated into..more restrained yea-saying. 1984 P. Rose Parallel Lives (1985) 15 Love can modulate into affection without driving two people apart. 1996 Observer 29 Dec. 27/2 At its finest..Coleridge's borrowings modulate into something ‘rich and strange’ very much his own. 4. a. transitive. gen. To set or regulate in a certain measure and proportion; to adjust, temper, vary conformably to; to soften, temper, tone down.Often coloured by suggestion of one of the more technical senses according to context. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > tone down temperc1000 modifyc1385 softenc1410 tame?a1500 qualify1536 temperatea1540 extenuate1561 supple1609 dilute1665 palliate1665 weaken1683 subdue1723 lower1780 modulate1783 to shade away1817 to water down1832 to water down1836 sober1838 veil1843 to tone down1847 to break down1859 soothe1860 tone1884 to key down1891 soft-pedal1912 1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 43 I shall certainly endeavour to modulate myself to this temper. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. ii. 77 She determined to modulate that nature to her own views. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Eleänore in Poems (new ed.) 28 Motions flow To one another, even as tho' They were modulated so To an unheard melody. 1858 H. Bushnell Serm. for New Life (1869) xii. 168 He learns how to modulate and operate his will. 1890 G. Gissing Emancipated I. ii. 40 Cecily could not sing, but her voice declared her of those who think in song, whose minds are modulated to the poetry, not to the prose, of life. 1904 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 345/2 His glance..travelled from the walls lined with well-bound books to the lamps modulated to the proper light. 1991 L. Miller Lett. from Lost Generation p. xxix MacLeish's letters..are..artfully modulated with an undertone of restraint which gives them emotional resonance. b. transitive. To exert a modifying or controlling influence on; to regulate. (Chiefly in technical contexts.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > make less violent or severe [verb (transitive)] temperc1000 keelc1175 slakea1300 abate?c1335 settle1338 swagea1340 modifyc1385 rebatea1398 bate1398 moder1414 releasea1425 remiss?a1425 moderate1435 alethe?1440 delaya1450 appal1470 addulce1477 mollify1496 mean?a1513 relent1535 qualify1536 temperatea1540 aplake1578 slack1589 relaxate1598 milden1603 mitigate1611 relax1612 alleniate1615 allay1628 alloy1634 castigate1653 smoothen1655 tendera1656 mitify1656 meeken1662 remitigate1671 obviscate1684 slacken1685 chastise1704 dulcify1744 absorb1791 demulceate1817 chasten1856 modulate1974 mediate1987 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 147 The rhyme of the poet Modulates the king's affairs, Balance-loving nature Made all things in pairs. 1937 Amer. Home Apr. 152/1 (advt.) Hoffman Controlled Heat accurately modulates the heat supply to every variation in the weather. 1974 Sci. Amer. Nov. 39/1 The steam flow is modulated by a control valve actuated by a speed governor on the rotor. 1993 Sci. & Public Affairs. Winter 33/1 Our own efforts, like those of other major plant breeders, have focused on modulating the ripening process. 5. Chiefly Physics and Engineering. a. transitive. To vary the amplitude, frequency, or other characteristic of (an electromagnetic wave or other oscillating signal, or a beam of particles) in accordance with the variations of a second signal, typically one of lower frequency. Also: to vary (the amplitude, etc., of a wave) in this way. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [verb (transitive)] > modulate modulate1908 phase-modulate1941 pulse1957 frequency-modulate1962 undermodulate1962 1908 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 27 575 For wireless telephony three things are necessary:..2. Means for modulating this stream of waves in accordance with sound waves. 1941 Electronic Engin. 14 485/1 The direct transmission and reception of speech or music over long distances..is impractical and propagation of audio frequencies is usually accomplished by using them to modulate an R.F. wave acting as carrier. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. II. 591/2 In broadcasting on long, medium and short waves it is normally the amplitude which is modulated. 1965 Science 8 Oct. 153/3 The simplest way to modulate a beam of light..is to turn the generator of light on and off. 1972 Sci. Amer. Sept. 132/2 The received signal is decoded into its components and used to modulate three independent electron beams. 1984 M. Dittrick & D. Dittrick No Uncertain Terms 75 The synchrocyclotron..solves this problem by modulating the frequency of the accelerating voltage, decreasing it to keep in step with the particle as it grows increasingly ponderous. 1990 Music Technol. Apr. 80/2 If the polarising signal is then modulated by an analogue signal in the audio range it will actually work as a loudspeaker. b. transitive. To apply a signal to (a device) that modulates its output signal. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > modulate (a device) modulate1920 1920 P. E. Edelman Exper. Wireless Stations (rev. ed.) xv. 238 Starting with a telephone transmitter, this may be used to grid modulate one vacuum tube which in turn is cascaded to several others. 1953 W. A. Edson Vacuum-tube Oscillators xvi. 391 Magnetrons are ordinarily modulated by applying a large negative pulse to the cathode. 1989 Music Technol. Oct. 32/1 It has a force sensor so when you press hard on the key you can modulate the oscillators and route the modulation through the filters. c. transitive. To impress (a signal) on to a carrier wave by modulation. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > processes > [verb (transitive)] > modulate (a signal) modulate1930 1930 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 16 503 By the use of amplifiers, the light signal could be modulated directly on the carrier wave. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 267 A system for distributing audio information by modulating it on to a high frequency carrier..which is then amplified..and broadcast. 1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers v. 118 This [signal] cannot be added direct to the L + R information fed to the transmitter. First it has to be modulated on to a subcarrier of 38kHz. 1985 Music 2 Feb. 33/1 This is recorded first... The video information is then modulated on top. 6. intransitive. Biology. Of a cell: to undergo modulation into a different form (see modulation n. 8). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > cellular processes > [verb (intransitive)] > modulation modulate1956 1956 C. H. Waddington Princ. Embryol. xvi. 361 When differentiated vertebrate cells are grown in tissue culture.., they ‘modulate’ into less-specialised forms which may appear to be dedifferentiated. 1964 N. T. Spratt Introd. Cell Differentiation vi. 68 Although cells of cultured tissues may undergo temporary dedifferentiation (that is, may modulate), permanent loss of basic properties which distinguish the cells as to type seems to be rare. 1994 Tissue & Cell 26 747/1 Fibroblasts during the proliferative stage of the disease appear to modulate into specialized cells termed ‘myofibroblasts’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.c1530v.?1567
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† modulateadj.

modulatev.