| 释义 |
monsoonn. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. A borrowing from Portuguese. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from Dutch. Etymons: Portuguese monção; Dutch monson. Etymology: < Portuguese monção (1500; 1512 as moução ) < Arabic mawsim , lit. ‘season’ < wasama to mark; perhaps partly via early modern Dutch monson (1596 in the passage translated in quot. 1598 at sense 1a; also in this text as monssoyn and (perhaps as a transmission error) monsloen; Dutch moesson).The Portuguese word was borrowed into most of the major European languages: compare Italian monsone (1582 as monzone ), French mousson (1622; 1598 in Middle French as mouçon , 1602 as monson , 1608 as monçon , 1649 as muesson , 1659 as manson in passage translated in quot. 1662 at Compounds 1, 1688 as mouson ), German Monsun (beginning of the 17th cent.; 1656 as Mason in the German version of the passage translated in quot. 1662 at Compounds 1; probably via English), Spanish monzòn (1678), Swedish monsun (mid 18th cent.; probably via German). The β. forms without medial -n- are probably reinforced by French mousson, etc. 1. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > global system > monsoon 1584 W. Barrett in R. Hakluyt (1589) i. 219 The times or seasonable windes called monsons. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten i. xcii. 143/1 In Goa they stayed till the Monson, or time of the windes came in to sayle for China. 1615 in F. C. Danvers & W. Foster III. 268 I departed for Bantam having..the opportunity of the Monethsone. 1634 T. Herbert 8 Euery houre expecting those Anniuersarie winds, called by the Sea-men and Portugals, Monzoons; the property of which wind is to blow constantly one way, sixe moneths, and the other way, the other halfe yeare. 1696 J. Ovington 142 Which common Fatality has created a Proverb among the English there, that Two Mussouns are the Age of a Man. 1757 J. H. Grose xvi. 365 The winter monsoon. 1778 R. Orme II. 533 The monsoon..warned Admiral Pococke to quit the coast. 1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal (new ed.) I. 47 The dry and rainy monsoons. 1804 C. B. Brown tr. C. F. de Volney 205 The current called the summer monsoon. 1815 M. Elphinstone i. v. 126 The most remarkable rainy season, is that called in India the south-west monsoon. 1827 J. Montgomery iii. 25 Every wind From the hot Siroc to the wet Monsoon. 1873 H. F. Blanford 12 North-east winds are more than twice as frequent in the so-called south-west monsoon as at the opposite season, when the north-east monsoon prevails at sea. 1910 I. 956/1 Irregular rainfall, but usually dry during the north-east, and very wet during the south-west monsoon. 1922 W. G. Kendrew xx. 110 The south-west monsoon is essentially the rain-giver of India. 1982 A. Desai ii. 34 You know what the monsoon is like—one storm and the boat will go smash like a matchbox. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] > stormy weather > period of stormy weather > specific periods 1673 (Royal Soc.) 7 5149 The Changing and Breaking up of the Monsoons, and the danger there is at Sea when they do so. 1693 T. P. Blount 418 The Tempestuous Months about Autumn, or at the change of the Monsoons. 1698 J. Fryer 48 The breaking up of the Munsoons. 1762 ii. Characters 7/1 Toward the end of October, the rainy season, which they term the change of the monsoon, begins on the coast of Coromandel. 1784 Hist. Europe 91/1 The season was far advanced for military operations, the shift of the monsoon being at hand. 1848 J. H. Stocqueler 155/2 The change of the monsoon does not occur at one precise period of time. 1898 F. T. Bullen ix. 99 The change of the monsoon in the Bay of Bengal is beastliness unadulterated. a1930 R. Bridges Test. of Beauty ii, in (1936) 611 Sailors caught by storm on the wide Indian Ocean at shift of the monsoon. 1960 29 25 I have noted that the change from one side of the tree to the other takes place before the change in the monsoon. 1980 209 588/1 The eastward equatorial jet appeared to be closely related to the occurrence of eastward winds there during the change of monsoon. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wet weather > [noun] > rainy season (tropical) 1747 23 This Tide of Learning, as well as Virtue,..is always Ebb, and, Like Monsoons or Water-Spouts, the higher they rise, the more they are contracted. 1750 H. Snell 53 The Monsoons beginning to set, and the Rain to fall very heavy. 1795 F. Reynolds v. 71 If all isn't to your wishes, may the monsoon deluge me! 1800 Duke of Wellington (1837) I. 77 I doubt whether that will be sufficiently early to enable us to conclude matters before the setting in of the monsoon. 1838 (1843) 224 There is a great deal of distress among the natives, owing to the failure of the monsoon. 1877 J. C. Geikie II. xlix. 293 The early rains were longed for as the monsoons in India after the summer heat. 1918 48 255 The monsoon which these Ghats receive makes Malabar..an ever green country. 1969 13 Aug. 2/3 There has been no kharif sowing in about 2,000 villages in Western Rajasthan due to failure of monsoon this year. 1999 C. B. Divakaruni i. iii. 34 And the monsoons began. Lying in bed we could hear the..raindrops on the roof. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > wind that is changeable in direction 1692 J. Ray (ed. 2) i. 79 That the Monsoons and Trade Winds should be so constant and periodical even to the thirtieth Degree of Latitude all round the Globe..is a Subject worthy of the Thoughts of the greatest Philosophers. 1702 R. Neve Prolegomenon sig. b6v Eighthly, Of Winds, and Storms at Sea; as Trades-Winds, Huricanes,..Elephants, Monsoons. 1796 J. Morse (new ed.) II. 560 Easterly and westerly monsoons..prevail in this country. 1855 M. F. Maury xiv. §787 Monsoons are, for the most part, formed of trade-winds. When at stated seasons of the year a trade-wind is deflected in its regular course..it is regarded as a monsoon. 1889 W. Ferrel 199 All the great monsoons..are found in countries and on oceans adjacent to high mountain ranges. 1948 H. V. Morton 46 The ‘Cape Doctor’ is the name of Cape Town's private and personal monsoon, the South-Easter. 1994 June 69 (advt.) Last year a powerful summer monsoon blew 40 endangered Brown Pelicans off their normal migration path. 1785 E. Burke Speech Nabob Arcot's Debts in (1842) IV. 320 Those who have seen their friends sink in the tornado which raged during the late shift of the monsoon. 1834 T. Carlyle iii. viii. 92/2 Such a minnow is man;..his Ocean the immeasurable All; his Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of Providence. 1846 T. De Quincey Antigone in Feb. 115/1 In the very monsoon of his raving misery. 1993 R. Shell 151 I was sweating monsoons. Compoundsthe world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > with reference to weather conditions > rainy or hot season 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. J. Albert de Mandelslo 245 in Which put us in hope, we should soon have the Manson-wind [Fr. le vent de la manson]. 1767 W. J. Mickle i. lxvi. 38 Flying in the monsoon gale, By Æthiopias coast or Javas ile. 1804 A. Seward 186 The monsoon winds. 1860 R. F. Burton I. 102 The monsoon-rains..are heavy. 1884 37 3 Warning of the probability of a prolonged period of drought in the approaching monsoon season. 1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne (rev. ed.) ii. 51 The monsoon wind which blows from the sea tends to lower the temperature; it is damp and rain-bearing. 1976 31 Aug. (Malaysia Suppl.) p. iv/4 Both farmers and fishermen are largely confined to their houses during the monsoon season. 1993 B. Cox Nek Chand in 34 When they opened the concrete library in monsoon rains Indian hosts stood aghast: ‘Monsieur Corbusier the ceiling leaks.’ C2. the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > tree or woody plant > wood or assemblage of trees or shrubs > [noun] > characteristic of particular habitat or period the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > wooded land > types of 1903 W. R. Fisher tr. A. F. W. Schimper iii. iii. 260 The monsoon forest is more or less leafless during the dry season. 1960 N. Polunin xiv. 439 Widespread though variable are the monsoon forests..developed in regions enjoying abundant rainfall during the wet season, but having this alternating with a pronounced drought. 1997 (Electronic ed.) July 176 A mimosa shrub from Africa has transformed the marshes and wet monsoon forests of northern Australia into dense, almost impenetrable stands of prickly, thorny shrub forests. Derivatives the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > monsoon the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wet weather > [adjective] > relating to monsoon > characteristic of monsoon the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adjective] > heavy 1886 R. Kipling Arrest Lt. Golightly in 23 Nov. 3/4 Not a mere hill-shower but a good, tepid, monsoonish downpour. 1975 22 July 5/3 Two friends from Dacca and I were enjoying a monsoonish evening in Delhi. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [adverb] > heavily 1899 R. Kipling I. xiv. 328 It rained monsoonishly. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1584 |
