bann.¹

Brit.

/ban/, U.S.

/bæn/

Forms: Middle English– ban; Middle English–1600s banne, Middle English–1500s bane, 1800s bann.

Etymology: Partly < Old French ban, with influence of medieval Latin bannum ; partly < ban v. Ultimately all these go back to the same source; French ban ‘proclamation, publication, summons, proscription, outlawry, banishment, assemblage of military vassals’ was < late Latin bannum , < Germanic (Old High German, Middle High German, Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Middle Dutch) bann , ban , n. ‘proclamation commanding or forbidding under threat or penalty,’ < bann-an to ban v. The simple noun bann does not appear in Old English, which had however gebann, rare Middle English iban ‘proclamation, edict, < the derivative gebannan. The Old Norse bann ‘excommunication, interdict, prohibition, curse,’ seems too late to have been the source of the English. But, as Old English had the verb bannan, ban from Old French easily assumed the position of its verbal noun, and the two words, with the medieval Latin bannum, bannus, in its various legal and ecclesiastical uses, subsequently re-acted upon each other, so that the development of sense is complicated.

I. Authoritative proclamation, and attached senses, from French.

1. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > an announcement or proclamation

ban1297

proclamationa1325

pronouncing1442

pronunciationc1455

annunciationa1500

announcement1512

placard1560

placate1567

bando1598

bill1642

declaration1659

advertisement1692

noration1799

pronunciamiento1832

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > levying or mobilizing > summons to arms

ban1297

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 188 Þer come to þys rounde table, as he sende ys ban, Aunsel kyng of Scotlond, and al so Vryan.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2252 Þe bane is so maked.

a1400 in Eng. Gilds. 359 To w[h]eche selynge lat crye þe ban þorghe þe town.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1361 Baltazar þurȝ Babiloyn his banne gart crye.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 761 That ȝe A bane dyde Crye thorwgh-Owt ȝoure lond..Atte the Brigge to Iusten with A knyht.

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 37^v Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any publike notice.]

a. In feudal usage: The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th cent., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > feudal vassals

bana1250

rerebandc1330

manredc1400

arrière-ban1523

manrentc1540

reban1873

a1250 Owl & Nightingale 390 Ich folȝi than aȝte manne, An flo bi niȝt in hore banne.

1591 H. Unton Corr. (1847) 54 He hath sente abroad to assemble his van and arriere van.

1671 J. Crowne Juliana i. 8 The Ban and the Arrierban, are met arm'd in the field, to choose a King.

1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 392 France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long disus'd, and in a manner antiquated.

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 224 The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military service.

1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour vii. 98 The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban’.

b. In the French military system, the ban was the younger and more effective part of the population liable to serve in the militia or national guard, the arrière-ban the reserve, consisting of the older citizens; in the Prussian system, the first and second bans were the two divisions of the Landwehr.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > one liable for service > those liable for service

ban1813

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > division > foreign

seraglio1600

banner1842

goum1845

ban1866

commando1899

1813 Examiner 18 Jan. 38/1 The 100 cohorts of the first Ban of the National Guards.

1866 Cornhill Mag. Nov. 555 The term of service [in Prussian Army] was fixed at twenty years, three of which were to be passed in the ranks of the regular army, two in the reserve, eight in the Land~wehr of the first ban, and seven in that of the second ban.

3. Sentence of banishment; whence ‘to keep,’ or ‘break a person's ban.’ (A Gallicism.)

ΚΠ

1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 V. lviii. 511 Arran, hearing alarming rumours, broke his ban at Kinniel and hurried to Court.

II. Senses relating to marriage.

4. Proclamation of marriage: in this sense always in plural, now spelt banns n.

III. Anathematization, curse.

a. A formal ecclesiastical denunciation; anathema, interdict, excommunication.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > excommunication > [noun] > rite of

cursea1050

sentencec1290

malisonc1300

censure138.

church censurec1460

ban1481

censurya1513

anathematism1567

anathema1603

imprecation1603

excommunication1702

1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 41 I stonde a cursed and am in the popes banne.

1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) vii. 115 The third Ban is upon those that affirm the Confession of all sins..to be impossible.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xxiv. 68 A wretch, beneath the ban Of Pope and Church.

a1857 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. 164 Strasburg, and all the states which adhere to Louis, are placed under the bann.

b. figurative or transferred.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [noun] > public expression of condemnation

detestation?a1475

execration1688

consecration1700

ban1790

commination1813

denouncement1836

denunciation1842

denouncing1862

j'accuse1899

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 17 All of whom..this archpontiff of the rights of men..puts into one sweeping clause of ban and anathema.

6. gen. A curse, having, or supposed to have, supernatural sanction, and baleful influence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > spell > malignant enchantment or curse

curse1382

taking1541

ban1603

malignation1652

bad mouth1832

brujería1838

weird1874

Indian sign1901

hex1909

whammy1940

1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 246 With Hecates bane [1604 ban] thrise blasted, thrice infected.

1822 Ld. Byron Werner ii. i. 84 A prodigal son, beneath his father's ban.

1829 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. i. 41 The negro pines to death who is laid under the ban of an Obi woman.

1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist iii. §4. 221 The land might be smitten by the ban which once fell upon the Canaanites.

7. An imprecation of a curse, an execration or malediction expressing anger.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > [noun]

cursea1050

malisonc1300

woea1425

evil thee1509

thunderbolt1559

vae1559

thunder-crack1577

ban1590

wish1597

anathema1603

imprecation1603

execration1605

thunder-clap1610

deprecationa1661

effulminationa1670

Maranatha1769

winze1786

cuss1829

sailor's blessing1876

blessing1878

sailor's farewell1937

the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > curse > [noun] > as everyday imprecation

oatha1225

malisonc1300

reproach1485

thunderbolt1559

revilement1577

thunder-crack1577

revile1579

ban1590

wish1597

thunder-clap1610

expletive1647

rapper1675

cuss1771

winze1786

Goddammit1800

goddam1828

dirty word1842

blank1854

emphatic1868

swear1871

sailor's blessing1876

blessing1878

goldarn1879

swear-word1883

rounder1885

curse-word1897

dang1906

sailor's farewell1937

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii6 With blasphemous bannes.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 185 Sometime with lunaticke bans, sometime with prayers.

1794 W. Blake London in Songs of Experience in Compl. Poetry & Prose (1982) 27 In every ban, The mind-forg'd manacles I hear.

1879 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. (rev. ed.) 381/2 With many a ban the fisherman Had stumbled o'er and spurned it.

IV. Denunciation, prohibition.

8. A formal and authoritative prohibition; a prohibitory command or edict, an interdict.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [noun] > proscription or interdiction > a proscription or interdict

proscript1570

interdicta1626

ban1667

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 925 To taste it under banne to touch.

1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. vi. 126 Bring back the age when Revelation was proscribed. Once more set the ban upon it.

1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 291 The teaching which put a ban on the flesh of the horse as the food of Christian men.

1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) V. xxiv. 489 The ban against the tournament was fruitless.

9. A proclamation issued against any one by the civil power; sentence of outlawry; esp. ‘Ban of the (Holy Roman) Empire’.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > [noun] > sentence > sentence of banishment or outlawry

forjudger1496

forjudgement1530

outlaw1652

ban1702

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 14 The Prince Electour..had..incurr'd the Ban of the Empire in an Imperial Dyet.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4451/1 To Day the Duke of Mantua was put to the Ban of the Empire.

1810 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 82 Charles V had pronounced the ban upon him [Luther] and limited his safe convoy to one and twenty days.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xviii. 765 The presbyterian..were under the ban of the law.

1832 H. Martineau Ireland v. 80 Under ban for burning his late dwelling.

10. figurative. Practical denunciation, prohibition, or outlawry, not formally pronounced, as that of society or public opinion.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [noun] > practical or social interdiction

taboo1833

ban1839

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe IV. ii. 143 Still under the ban of an orthodox clergy.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 58 Opinions which are under the ban of society.

1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 11 Free from the chain..of slavery; but they are not the less under a ban.

1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 77 What are the objects upon which..the ban of morality is set?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

bann.²

Brit.

/ban/, U.S.

/bæn/

Etymology: < Persian bān lord, master, keeper; brought into Europe by the Avars who ruled in Slavonic countries subject to Hungary.

The name given to the governor or viceroy of certain military districts in Hungary, Slavonia, and Croatia, who takes the command in time of war.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces

praetor?a1439

aga1542

emir1542

imperator1590

crownerc1600

ban1614

sardar1615

duke1652

dey1656

hetman1710

stratopedarch1788

commandant1791

tuchun1917

war-lord1922

myriarch1949

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 381 The Hungarian Bans..are Presidents or Gouernors of some Kingdomes belonging to that Kingdom, as Dalmatia, Croatia, Slauonia, Seruia and others.

1687 London Gaz. No. 2224/3 The Ban of Croatia had..drawn together the Imperial Troops..to oppose their design.

1861 R. D. in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 107 Numerous dukes, princes, and bans..exercised sway in the country now called Servia.

Derivatives

banal adj. and n. (a) adj. of or pertaining to a ban; (b) n. a Banate.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [adjective] > army of feudal vassals

banal1835

1835 Penny Cycl. III. 359/2 The Banal Frontier was formed in the course of the year 1696.

banate n. (also bannat) the district under the jurisdiction of a ban, as the Hungarian Banate, the Banate of Croatia.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > territory under a governor or official > [noun] > under other specific governors or officials

sergeancy1371

limitation1535

commissionership1625

warnership1636

mairie1650

regency1656

grieveship1711

see land1732

residentship1800

banate1804

intendancy1810

field-cornetcy1826

inspectorate1883

1804 Campbell Turkish Lady On Transylvania's Bannat When the Crescent shone afar.

1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics xi. 255 The kingdom of Bosnia, and the bannat of Sclavonia.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

bann.³

Brit.

/bã/, U.S.

/bæ̃/

Etymology: French.

(See quot. 1900.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > at French universities

ban1900

1900 Daily News 14 Aug. 8/2 On the falling of the curtain, however, when a ‘ban’ was called for, the ice was broken. The ‘ban’ is the characteristic ovation of the French student.

1906 Daily Chron. 20 Aug. 6/5 At the end it was ‘Vive’ everybody, and a perfect salvo of ‘triple bans’ was given.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

banv.

Brit.

/ban/, U.S.

/bæn/

Forms: Old English banna-n, bonna-n, Middle English banni-en, bonni-en, banni, Middle English banne-n, bannyn, Middle English–1600s banne, Middle English bann, (1500s bawn), Middle English– ban. Inflexions: see below.

Etymology: Old English bannan , past tense béonn , past participle bannen , to summon (also abannan and gebannan to proclaim, summon) = Old Frisian banna , bonna (past tense bén , bante ) to proclaim, command, Old High German bannan , Middle High German and Middle Dutch bannen , Old Norse banna (past tense bannaða ) to prohibit, interdict, curse, Swedish banna to reprove, chide, bannas to curse, Danish bande to curse, execrate < Germanic *bannan ‘to proclaim under penalty, or with a threat,’ perhaps originally merely ‘to proclaim, publicly announce’, < root ba- , cognate with Greek ϕα- , Latin fa- , speak. In Old English (as in Old High German, Old Saxon, and Middle High German) a strong verb; but with weak past tense and participle banned , already in Layamon. Sense 1 is from Old English; the other senses, first in northern dialect, are probably < Old Norse. Compare ban n.¹, which may also have re-acted on the verb.

I. To summon. [ < Old English.]

†1.

a. transitive. To summon by proclamation. (Chiefly, in early use, to arms.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon > by proclamation or name

abaneOE

banOE

preconize1714

OE Riddle 14 4 Hwilum ic to hilde hleoþre bonne wilgehleþan.

1048 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Hét se cyning bannan út here.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4016 Þe king lette blawen & bonnien [c1300 Otho banni] his ferden.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3213 Pharaon bannede vt his here.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 5424 Aȝen ys broþer wende he faste, With oþre þat he gan banne.

†b. To call forth, call for (things). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)]

yearnOE

bid971

seek971

askOE

beseechc1175

banc1275

yerec1275

cravec1300

desirec1330

impetrec1374

praya1382

nurnc1400

pleadc1400

require1400

fraynec1430

proke1440

requisitea1475

wishc1515

supply1546

request1549

implore?c1550

to speak for ——1560

entreat1565

impetratec1565

obtest?1577

solicit1595

invoke1617

mendicate1618

petition1621

imprecate1636

conjurea1704

speer1724

canvass1768

kick1792

I will thank you to do so-and-so1813

quest1897

to hit a person up for1917

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13543 Summe bonneden wepnen.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11122 Heo ruokeden burnen bonneden helmes.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 629 I shall..brynge a morsel of bred to banne your herte.

II. To curse, anathematize, interdict. [ < Old Norse, ? and medieval Latin bannum.]

a. To curse, imprecate damnation upon. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > [verb (transitive)]

waryc725

accurselOE

for-waryc1175

cursec1200

bana1275

beshrewc1325

shrew1338

maledighta1400

destinyc1400

damn1477

detest1533

beshrompa1549

widdle1552

becurse1570

malison1588

execrate1612

imprecate1613

maledict1780

the mind > language > malediction > [verb (transitive)]

waryc725

accurselOE

forcurse1154

cursec1175

for-waryc1175

bana1275

ashend1297

to bid (something) misadventurec1330

shrew1338

beshrew1377

maledighta1400

to fare (also go, come) to mischancec1400

defyc1430

destinya1450

condemn1489

detest1533

adjure1539

beshrompa1549

widdle1552

becurse1570

malison1588

consecrate1589

exaugurate1600

execrate1612

imprecate1616

blasta1634

damna1640

vote1644

to swear at ——1680

devote1749

maledict1780

comminate1801

bless1814

peste1824

cuss1863

bedamn1875

mugger1951

a1275 Prov. Alfred 441 in Old Eng. Misc. 129 He sal banne þat wiȝt þat him first taȝte.

1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 180 And some men ban the, & some men blesse.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 536 Quhen wiffis vald thar childir ban, Thai wald..Beteche thame to the blak dowglass.

1530 H. Latimer Let. 1 Dec. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1345/1 They wyll curse and banne, as muche as in them lyeth, euen into the deepe pyt of hell, al that agaynesay their appetite.

1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange in T. Heywood Wks. (1874) II. 72 Banne my starres.

1621 F. Quarles Hadassa xvii. sig. L4^v Another bannes the night his sonnes were borne.

1718 P. Motteux Don Quixote (1733) I. 165 Sancho..bann'd his Master to the bottomless Pit.

1827 T. Hood Hero & Leander xxi, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 76 And bans his labour like a hopeless slave.

1867 W. Morris Life & Death of Jason ii. 18 Ever she blessed the old, and banned the new.

†b. with subordinate clause. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1644 I may banne þat I was born.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 96 I curse and banne That ever slepe was made for eye.

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. Z.iii^v And now they banne that they were borne.

3. intransitive. To curse, utter curses. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > [verb (intransitive)]

bana1400

peste1768

execrate1786

the mind > language > malediction > [verb (intransitive)]

awariec825

wary?c1225

bana1400

condemnc1460

imprecatea1645

execrate1786

peste1824

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12050 To teche him..not to bann.

1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses (new ed.) i. sig. Fvi^v Then fell she to sweare..and banne.

1609 Davies in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1848) 183 Like a fiend, he banned with his breath.

1673 T. Shadwell Epsom-Wells ii, in Wks. (1720) II. 221 Ay, now you ban and curse, you wretch.

1762 C. Churchill Ghost ii. 42 Then shall He ban at Hea'vn's decrees.

1820 Ld. Byron tr. L. Pulci Morgante Maggiore xxxv Yet harsh and haughty, as he lay he bann'd.

4. transitive and absol. To chide, address with angry and maledictory language. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > scold

chidec1230

ban1340

tongue1388

rate1393

flite14..

rehetec1400

janglec1430

chafec1485

rattle1542

berate1548

quarrel1587

hazen?1608

bequarrel1624

huff1674

shrewa1687

to claw away, off1692

tongue-pad1707

to blow up1710

scold1718

rag1739

redd1776

bullyraga1790

jaw1810

targe1825

haze1829

overhaul1840

tongue-walk1841

trim1882

to call down1883

tongue-lash1887

roar1917

to go off at (a person)1941

chew1948

wrinch2009

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3485 When þou bannes any man, In wham þou fyndes na gilt to ban.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xii. 4935 Neuer buerne will vs blame, ne ban for our dede.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. iii. sig. J.ii^v/1 Bitter speaches, wherewith we vse to curse and ban our neighbours.

1794 in Burns Wks. IV. 176 Even though she bans and scaulds a wee.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 280 And scauld and ban wi' ilka wife that will scauld and ban wi' her.

5. To pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon, to anathematize. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > excommunication > excommunicate [verb (transitive)]

waryc725

cursec1050

amanseOE

accurselOE

forcurse1154

mansec1175

ban1303

sequester1395

maledighta1400

anathematize?1473

excommune1483

excommenge1502

excommunicate1526

precide1529

aban1565

anathemize1585

malison1588

consecrate1589

inknot1611

shammatize1613

anathemate1615

unchurcha1620

innodate1630

discommon1639

to swear at ——1680

devote1749

maledict1780

comminate1801

fulminate1806

imban1807

dischurch1990

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9176 Þe prest hem bannede.

1470 J. Hardyng Chron. lxxxvii The Church also may banne full sore those striues.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 26 Þei..bannun him, or puttun him out of comyn, or haldun him cursid.

1483 Cath. Angl. 20 Banne, annathematizare.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xxviii. 73 Bans all who aid thee in the strife.

1874 J. G. Holland Mistress of Manse ix. 155 As rose the priest With power to bless and right to ban.

6. To interdict, proscribe, prohibit:

a. a thing.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > proscribe or interdict

to lay in forbodea1400

outlawc1400

suspend1488

interdict1502

inhibita1513

proscribe1622

contraband1678

ban1816

red-line1958

1816 Ld. Byron Prisoner of Chillon i, in Prisoner of Chillon & Other Poems 3 To whom the goodly earth and air Are bann'd, and barr'd.

1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram III. v. vii. 275 The sublime and shaded mysteries that are banned Mortality.

1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism II. iv. 44 The religion of the immense majority..was banned and proscribed.

b. a person.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > outlawry > outlaw [verb (transitive)]

outlawOE

waive1297

proscribea1500

proclaim?a1513

to put (also denounce) to the hornc1540

horn1592

bandit1611

forbida1616

intercommune1679

intercommona1715

fugitate1721

to declare a person a fugitive1752

imban1807

ban1848

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iii. ii. 185 No foe Can ban us from that rest.

1863 W. W. Story Roba di Roma xv. 320 He banned them from the city.

1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 86 You may..ban yourself from voluntarily marching into it.

7. ban the bomb: the slogan of those advocating nuclear disarmament, used (with hyphens) as attributive phr.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > disarmament > [interjection]

ban the bomb1960

1960 News Chron. 22 Apr. 6/3 The ban-the-bomb campaigners are well advanced with their arrangements to make a new challenge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹a1250

n.²1614

n.³1900

v.OE

单词	ban
释义	bann.¹ Brit. /ban/, U.S. /bæn/ Forms: Middle English– ban; Middle English–1600s banne, Middle English–1500s bane, 1800s bann. Etymology: Partly < Old French ban, with influence of medieval Latin bannum ; partly < ban v. Ultimately all these go back to the same source; French ban ‘proclamation, publication, summons, proscription, outlawry, banishment, assemblage of military vassals’ was < late Latin bannum , < Germanic (Old High German, Middle High German, Old Saxon, Old Frisian, Middle Dutch) bann , ban , n. ‘proclamation commanding or forbidding under threat or penalty,’ < bann-an to ban v. The simple noun bann does not appear in Old English, which had however gebann, rare Middle English iban ‘proclamation, edict, < the derivative gebannan. The Old Norse bann ‘excommunication, interdict, prohibition, curse,’ seems too late to have been the source of the English. But, as Old English had the verb bannan, ban from Old French easily assumed the position of its verbal noun, and the two words, with the medieval Latin bannum, bannus, in its various legal and ecclesiastical uses, subsequently re-acted upon each other, so that the development of sense is complicated. I. Authoritative proclamation, and attached senses, from French. 1. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms. ΘΚΠ society > communication > information > announcing or proclaiming > [noun] > an announcement or proclamation ban1297 proclamationa1325 pronouncing1442 pronunciationc1455 annunciationa1500 announcement1512 placard1560 placate1567 bando1598 bill1642 declaration1659 advertisement1692 noration1799 pronunciamiento1832 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > levying or mobilizing > summons to arms ban1297 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. 188 Þer come to þys rounde table, as he sende ys ban, Aunsel kyng of Scotlond, and al so Vryan. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2252 Þe bane is so maked. a1400 in Eng. Gilds. 359 To w[h]eche selynge lat crye þe ban þorghe þe town. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1361 Baltazar þurȝ Babiloyn his banne gart crye. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail lii. l. 761 That ȝe A bane dyde Crye thorwgh-Owt ȝoure lond..Atte the Brigge to Iusten with A knyht. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 37^v Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any publike notice.] 2. a. In feudal usage: The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th cent., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > feudal vassals bana1250 rerebandc1330 manredc1400 arrière-ban1523 manrentc1540 reban1873 a1250 Owl & Nightingale 390 Ich folȝi than aȝte manne, An flo bi niȝt in hore banne. 1591 H. Unton Corr. (1847) 54 He hath sente abroad to assemble his van and arriere van. 1671 J. Crowne Juliana i. 8 The Ban and the Arrierban, are met arm'd in the field, to choose a King. 1683 W. Temple Mem. in Wks. (1731) I. 392 France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long disus'd, and in a manner antiquated. 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. ii. 224 The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military service. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour vii. 98 The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban’. b. In the French military system, the ban was the younger and more effective part of the population liable to serve in the militia or national guard, the arrière-ban the reserve, consisting of the older citizens; in the Prussian system, the first and second bans were the two divisions of the Landwehr. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > one liable for service > those liable for service ban1813 society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > division > foreign seraglio1600 banner1842 goum1845 ban1866 commando1899 1813 Examiner 18 Jan. 38/1 The 100 cohorts of the first Ban of the National Guards. 1866 Cornhill Mag. Nov. 555 The term of service [in Prussian Army] was fixed at twenty years, three of which were to be passed in the ranks of the regular army, two in the reserve, eight in the Land~wehr of the first ban, and seven in that of the second ban. 3. Sentence of banishment; whence ‘to keep,’ or ‘break a person's ban.’ (A Gallicism.) ΚΠ 1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 V. lviii. 511 Arran, hearing alarming rumours, broke his ban at Kinniel and hurried to Court. II. Senses relating to marriage. 4. Proclamation of marriage: in this sense always in plural, now spelt banns n. III. Anathematization, curse. 5. a. A formal ecclesiastical denunciation; anathema, interdict, excommunication. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > excommunication > [noun] > rite of cursea1050 sentencec1290 malisonc1300 censure138. church censurec1460 ban1481 censurya1513 anathematism1567 anathema1603 imprecation1603 excommunication1702 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 41 I stonde a cursed and am in the popes banne. 1638 Penit. Conf. (1657) vii. 115 The third Ban is upon those that affirm the Confession of all sins..to be impossible. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xxiv. 68 A wretch, beneath the ban Of Pope and Church. a1857 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. 164 Strasburg, and all the states which adhere to Louis, are placed under the bann. b. figurative or transferred. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [noun] > public expression of condemnation detestation?a1475 execration1688 consecration1700 ban1790 commination1813 denouncement1836 denunciation1842 denouncing1862 j'accuse1899 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 17 All of whom..this archpontiff of the rights of men..puts into one sweeping clause of ban and anathema. View more context for this quotation 6. gen. A curse, having, or supposed to have, supernatural sanction, and baleful influence. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > spell > malignant enchantment or curse curse1382 taking1541 ban1603 malignation1652 bad mouth1832 brujería1838 weird1874 Indian sign1901 hex1909 whammy1940 1603 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 246 With Hecates bane [1604 ban] thrise blasted, thrice infected. 1822 Ld. Byron Werner ii. i. 84 A prodigal son, beneath his father's ban. 1829 W. Scott Lett. Demonol. i. 41 The negro pines to death who is laid under the ban of an Obi woman. 1874 H. R. Reynolds John the Baptist iii. §4. 221 The land might be smitten by the ban which once fell upon the Canaanites. 7. An imprecation of a curse, an execration or malediction expressing anger. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [noun] cursea1050 malisonc1300 woea1425 evil thee1509 thunderbolt1559 vae1559 thunder-crack1577 ban1590 wish1597 anathema1603 imprecation1603 execration1605 thunder-clap1610 deprecationa1661 effulminationa1670 Maranatha1769 winze1786 cuss1829 sailor's blessing1876 blessing1878 sailor's farewell1937 the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > curse > [noun] > as everyday imprecation oatha1225 malisonc1300 reproach1485 thunderbolt1559 revilement1577 thunder-crack1577 revile1579 ban1590 wish1597 thunder-clap1610 expletive1647 rapper1675 cuss1771 winze1786 Goddammit1800 goddam1828 dirty word1842 blank1854 emphatic1868 swear1871 sailor's blessing1876 blessing1878 goldarn1879 swear-word1883 rounder1885 curse-word1897 dang1906 sailor's farewell1937 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii6 With blasphemous bannes. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 185 Sometime with lunaticke bans, sometime with prayers. View more context for this quotation 1794 W. Blake London in Songs of Experience in Compl. Poetry & Prose (1982) 27 In every ban, The mind-forg'd manacles I hear. 1879 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. (rev. ed.) 381/2 With many a ban the fisherman Had stumbled o'er and spurned it. IV. Denunciation, prohibition. 8. A formal and authoritative prohibition; a prohibitory command or edict, an interdict. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [noun] > proscription or interdiction > a proscription or interdict proscript1570 interdicta1626 ban1667 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 925 To taste it under banne to touch. View more context for this quotation 1845 R. W. Hamilton Inst. Pop. Educ. vi. 126 Bring back the age when Revelation was proscribed. Once more set the ban upon it. 1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 291 The teaching which put a ban on the flesh of the horse as the food of Christian men. 1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) V. xxiv. 489 The ban against the tournament was fruitless. 9. A proclamation issued against any one by the civil power; sentence of outlawry; esp. ‘Ban of the (Holy Roman) Empire’. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > sentencing > [noun] > sentence > sentence of banishment or outlawry forjudger1496 forjudgement1530 outlaw1652 ban1702 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 14 The Prince Electour..had..incurr'd the Ban of the Empire in an Imperial Dyet. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4451/1 To Day the Duke of Mantua was put to the Ban of the Empire. 1810 S. T. Coleridge Friend (1865) 82 Charles V had pronounced the ban upon him [Luther] and limited his safe convoy to one and twenty days. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xviii. 765 The presbyterian..were under the ban of the law. 1832 H. Martineau Ireland v. 80 Under ban for burning his late dwelling. 10. figurative. Practical denunciation, prohibition, or outlawry, not formally pronounced, as that of society or public opinion. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > [noun] > practical or social interdiction taboo1833 ban1839 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe IV. ii. 143 Still under the ban of an orthodox clergy. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty ii. 58 Opinions which are under the ban of society. 1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 11 Free from the chain..of slavery; but they are not the less under a ban. 1869 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 2nd Ser. 77 What are the objects upon which..the ban of morality is set? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). bann.² Brit. /ban/, U.S. /bæn/ Etymology: < Persian bān lord, master, keeper; brought into Europe by the Avars who ruled in Slavonic countries subject to Hungary. The name given to the governor or viceroy of certain military districts in Hungary, Slavonia, and Croatia, who takes the command in time of war. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces praetor?a1439 aga1542 emir1542 imperator1590 crownerc1600 ban1614 sardar1615 duke1652 dey1656 hetman1710 stratopedarch1788 commandant1791 tuchun1917 war-lord1922 myriarch1949 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 381 The Hungarian Bans..are Presidents or Gouernors of some Kingdomes belonging to that Kingdom, as Dalmatia, Croatia, Slauonia, Seruia and others. 1687 London Gaz. No. 2224/3 The Ban of Croatia had..drawn together the Imperial Troops..to oppose their design. 1861 R. D. in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 107 Numerous dukes, princes, and bans..exercised sway in the country now called Servia. Derivatives banal adj. and n. (a) adj. of or pertaining to a ban; (b) n. a Banate. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [adjective] > army of feudal vassals banal1835 1835 Penny Cycl. III. 359/2 The Banal Frontier was formed in the course of the year 1696. banate n. (also bannat) the district under the jurisdiction of a ban, as the Hungarian Banate, the Banate of Croatia. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > territory under a governor or official > [noun] > under other specific governors or officials sergeancy1371 limitation1535 commissionership1625 warnership1636 mairie1650 regency1656 grieveship1711 see land1732 residentship1800 banate1804 intendancy1810 field-cornetcy1826 inspectorate1883 1804 Campbell Turkish Lady On Transylvania's Bannat When the Crescent shone afar. 1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics xi. 255 The kingdom of Bosnia, and the bannat of Sclavonia. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). bann.³ Brit. /bã/, U.S. /bæ̃/ Etymology: French. (See quot. 1900.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > applause > [noun] > at French universities ban1900 1900 Daily News 14 Aug. 8/2 On the falling of the curtain, however, when a ‘ban’ was called for, the ice was broken. The ‘ban’ is the characteristic ovation of the French student. 1906 Daily Chron. 20 Aug. 6/5 At the end it was ‘Vive’ everybody, and a perfect salvo of ‘triple bans’ was given. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). banv. Brit. /ban/, U.S. /bæn/ Forms: Old English banna-n, bonna-n, Middle English banni-en, bonni-en, banni, Middle English banne-n, bannyn, Middle English–1600s banne, Middle English bann, (1500s bawn), Middle English– ban. Inflexions: see below. Etymology: Old English bannan , past tense béonn , past participle bannen , to summon (also abannan and gebannan to proclaim, summon) = Old Frisian banna , bonna (past tense bén , bante ) to proclaim, command, Old High German bannan , Middle High German and Middle Dutch bannen , Old Norse banna (past tense bannaða ) to prohibit, interdict, curse, Swedish banna to reprove, chide, bannas to curse, Danish bande to curse, execrate < Germanic bannan ‘to proclaim under penalty, or with a threat,’ perhaps originally merely ‘to proclaim, publicly announce’, < root ba-* , cognate with Greek ϕα- , Latin fa- , speak. In Old English (as in Old High German, Old Saxon, and Middle High German) a strong verb; but with weak past tense and participle banned , already in Layamon. Sense 1 is from Old English; the other senses, first in northern dialect, are probably < Old Norse. Compare ban n.¹, which may also have re-acted on the verb. I. To summon. [ < Old English.] †1. a. transitive. To summon by proclamation. (Chiefly, in early use, to arms.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > command [verb (transitive)] > summon > by proclamation or name abaneOE banOE preconize1714 OE Riddle 14 4 Hwilum ic to hilde hleoþre bonne wilgehleþan. 1048 Anglo-Saxon Chron. Hét se cyning bannan út here. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4016 Þe king lette blawen & bonnien [c1300 Otho banni] his ferden. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3213 Pharaon bannede vt his here. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 5424 Aȝen ys broþer wende he faste, With oþre þat he gan banne. †b. To call forth, call for (things). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] yearnOE bid971 seek971 askOE beseechc1175 banc1275 yerec1275 cravec1300 desirec1330 impetrec1374 praya1382 nurnc1400 pleadc1400 require1400 fraynec1430 proke1440 requisitea1475 wishc1515 supply1546 request1549 implore?c1550 to speak for ——1560 entreat1565 impetratec1565 obtest?1577 solicit1595 invoke1617 mendicate1618 petition1621 imprecate1636 conjurea1704 speer1724 canvass1768 kick1792 I will thank you to do so-and-so1813 quest1897 to hit a person up for1917 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13543 Summe bonneden wepnen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11122 Heo ruokeden burnen bonneden helmes. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 629 I shall..brynge a morsel of bred to banne your herte. II. To curse, anathematize, interdict. [ < Old Norse, ? and medieval Latin bannum.] 2. a. To curse, imprecate damnation upon. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > [verb (transitive)] waryc725 accurselOE for-waryc1175 cursec1200 bana1275 beshrewc1325 shrew1338 maledighta1400 destinyc1400 damn1477 detest1533 beshrompa1549 widdle1552 becurse1570 malison1588 execrate1612 imprecate1613 maledict1780 the mind > language > malediction > [verb (transitive)] waryc725 accurselOE forcurse1154 cursec1175 for-waryc1175 bana1275 ashend1297 to bid (something) misadventurec1330 shrew1338 beshrew1377 maledighta1400 to fare (also go, come) to mischancec1400 defyc1430 destinya1450 condemn1489 detest1533 adjure1539 beshrompa1549 widdle1552 becurse1570 malison1588 consecrate1589 exaugurate1600 execrate1612 imprecate1616 blasta1634 damna1640 vote1644 to swear at ——1680 devote1749 maledict1780 comminate1801 bless1814 peste1824 cuss1863 bedamn1875 mugger1951 a1275 Prov. Alfred 441 in Old Eng. Misc. 129 He sal banne þat wiȝt þat him first taȝte. 1460 Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 180 And some men ban the, & some men blesse. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 536 Quhen wiffis vald thar childir ban, Thai wald..Beteche thame to the blak dowglass. 1530 H. Latimer Let. 1 Dec. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1345/1 They wyll curse and banne, as muche as in them lyeth, euen into the deepe pyt of hell, al that agaynesay their appetite. 1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange in T. Heywood Wks. (1874) II. 72 Banne my starres. 1621 F. Quarles Hadassa xvii. sig. L4^v Another bannes the night his sonnes were borne. 1718 P. Motteux Don Quixote (1733) I. 165 Sancho..bann'd his Master to the bottomless Pit. 1827 T. Hood Hero & Leander xxi, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 76 And bans his labour like a hopeless slave. 1867 W. Morris Life & Death of Jason ii. 18 Ever she blessed the old, and banned the new. †b. with subordinate clause. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1644 I may banne þat I was born. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 96 I curse and banne That ever slepe was made for eye. 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. Z.iii^v And now they banne that they were borne. 3. intransitive. To curse, utter curses. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > state of being accursed > [verb (intransitive)] bana1400 peste1768 execrate1786 the mind > language > malediction > [verb (intransitive)] awariec825 wary?c1225 bana1400 condemnc1460 imprecatea1645 execrate1786 peste1824 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12050 To teche him..not to bann. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses (new ed.) i. sig. Fvi^v Then fell she to sweare..and banne. 1609 Davies in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1848) 183 Like a fiend, he banned with his breath. 1673 T. Shadwell Epsom-Wells ii, in Wks. (1720) II. 221 Ay, now you ban and curse, you wretch. 1762 C. Churchill Ghost ii. 42 Then shall He ban at Hea'vn's decrees. 1820 Ld. Byron tr. L. Pulci Morgante Maggiore xxxv Yet harsh and haughty, as he lay he bann'd. 4. transitive and absol. To chide, address with angry and maledictory language. dialect. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] > scold chidec1230 ban1340 tongue1388 rate1393 flite14.. rehetec1400 janglec1430 chafec1485 rattle1542 berate1548 quarrel1587 hazen?1608 bequarrel1624 huff1674 shrewa1687 to claw away, off1692 tongue-pad1707 to blow up1710 scold1718 rag1739 redd1776 bullyraga1790 jaw1810 targe1825 haze1829 overhaul1840 tongue-walk1841 trim1882 to call down1883 tongue-lash1887 roar1917 to go off at (a person)1941 chew1948 wrinch2009 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3485 When þou bannes any man, In wham þou fyndes na gilt to ban. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy xii. 4935 Neuer buerne will vs blame, ne ban for our dede. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. iii. sig. J.ii^v/1 Bitter speaches, wherewith we vse to curse and ban our neighbours. 1794 in Burns Wks. IV. 176 Even though she bans and scaulds a wee. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 280 And scauld and ban wi' ilka wife that will scauld and ban wi' her. 5. To pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon, to anathematize. archaic. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > excommunication > excommunicate [verb (transitive)] waryc725 cursec1050 amanseOE accurselOE forcurse1154 mansec1175 ban1303 sequester1395 maledighta1400 anathematize?1473 excommune1483 excommenge1502 excommunicate1526 precide1529 aban1565 anathemize1585 malison1588 consecrate1589 inknot1611 shammatize1613 anathemate1615 unchurcha1620 innodate1630 discommon1639 to swear at ——1680 devote1749 maledict1780 comminate1801 fulminate1806 imban1807 dischurch1990 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9176 Þe prest hem bannede. 1470 J. Hardyng Chron. lxxxvii The Church also may banne full sore those striues. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 26 Þei..bannun him, or puttun him out of comyn, or haldun him cursid. 1483 Cath. Angl. 20 Banne, annathematizare. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles ii. xxviii. 73 Bans all who aid thee in the strife. 1874 J. G. Holland Mistress of Manse ix. 155 As rose the priest With power to bless and right to ban. 6. To interdict, proscribe, prohibit: a. a thing. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > prohibition > prohibit [verb (transitive)] > proscribe or interdict to lay in forbodea1400 outlawc1400 suspend1488 interdict1502 inhibita1513 proscribe1622 contraband1678 ban1816 red-line1958 1816 Ld. Byron Prisoner of Chillon i, in Prisoner of Chillon & Other Poems 3 To whom the goodly earth and air Are bann'd, and barr'd. 1832 E. Bulwer-Lytton Eugene Aram III. v. vii. 275 The sublime and shaded mysteries that are banned Mortality. 1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism II. iv. 44 The religion of the immense majority..was banned and proscribed. b. a person. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > outlawry > outlaw [verb (transitive)] outlawOE waive1297 proscribea1500 proclaim?a1513 to put (also denounce) to the hornc1540 horn1592 bandit1611 forbida1616 intercommune1679 intercommona1715 fugitate1721 to declare a person a fugitive1752 imban1807 ban1848 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iii. ii. 185 No foe Can ban us from that rest. 1863 W. W. Story Roba di Roma xv. 320 He banned them from the city. 1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 86 You may..ban yourself from voluntarily marching into it. 7. ban the bomb: the slogan of those advocating nuclear disarmament, used (with hyphens) as attributive phr. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacification > disarmament > [interjection] ban the bomb1960 1960 News Chron. 22 Apr. 6/3 The ban-the-bomb campaigners are well advanced with their arrangements to make a new challenge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1250n.²1614n.³1900v.OE
随便看	appropriativeness appropriator appropriators approprie appropried approprietary appropring appros approvable approvableness approvably approval approvals approvance approvant approve arightest arighthalf arightly arights ariha aril arillary arillate arillated

bann.1

bann.2

Derivatives

bann.3

banv.

bann.¹

bann.²

bann.³