| 释义 |
minishv. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French menuser, menuiser. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman menuser to reduce, diminish, grind to powder, belittle, (intransitive) to grow less, and Middle French menuiser to diminish (12th cent. in Old French), to break down into small pieces (13th cent.; 11th cent. as menusier in sense ‘to cut into small pieces’) < post-classical Latin *minutiare (compare Old Occitan menuzar (12th cent.), Spanish menuzar (13th cent.), Italian minuzzare (a1342)) < classical Latin minūtia (see minutia n.); compare post-classical Latin minutare (Vetus Latina). With α. forms compare Old French, Middle French mincier and diminuer and the corresponding loans mince v. and diminish v.; these forms could alternatively be from the extended stem of an unattested Middle French *minuir , variant of minuer < classical Latin minuere (see minuend n.). With the ending compare -ish suffix2 and discussion at that entry.From the early 19th cent. in literary sources (especially verse) sometimes written 'minish (compare quots. 1826 at sense 3, 1869 at sense 4), suggesting that the word is perceived as a shortened form of diminish v. In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). Now archaic. 1. the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] a1382 (Bodl. 959) Wisd. xi. 8 Whan þei weren mynusht [L. minuerentur]..þou ȝeue to þem abunding watir. ?1430 in J. B. Paul (1882) II. 31 We sal not hender hym na mynyse the forsaid Michel of his forsaid office. c1430 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) 377 Ek ȝif he withdrawe or menuse the almesse of the poore. c1450 (1904) I. 31 (MED) I remevid þis stone in þe feld, to þe entent þat I wolde enlarge myne awn grownd & mynys oþer mens grownd. c1465 W. Worcester in (2004) II. 553 They wold wyrk ayenst me to minush my powere. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil (1957) i. Prol. 371 Latyne wordis..That in our leid ganand translatioun hes nane, Les than we menis thar sentence and grauite. 1535 Psalms cvi[i]. 39 When they are minished & brought lowe thorow oppression. a1538 T. Starkey (1989) 10 Vertues..be no les vertues, nor mynyschyd of theyr excellency, by any such frantyke fansy. 1548 f. xlviv His armie by sickenesse was sore minished and appaired. 1614 T. Jackson iii. xxi. §18 The testimonies of the Law and Prophesies, serued as a light..to minish the terrors of the night. a1693 Z. Boyd (1989) iii. 17 The psalmist saith that, through affliction, men are minished and brought lowe. 1774 W. H. Roberts i. 23 That vast champion of Philistia's host, Whom in the vale of Elah David slew Unarm'd, were minish'd to a span. 1826 W. Scott I. iii. 64 I may come to trouble, since it may be thought I have minished their numbers. 1848 J. R. Lowell 1st Ser. iii. 37 I would not..minish by a tittle the respect due to the Magistrate. 1887 R. F. Burton tr. III. dxxvii. 92 [He] bought each and every at a pitiful price; and even this he would have minished. 1935 D. L. Sayers xi. 234 The roar of car and charabanc seemed minished and brought low. the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > grinding or pounding > grind or pound [verb (transitive)] the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > action of dividing or divided condition > divide [verb (transitive)] a1382 (Bodl. 959) 4 Kings xxiii. 15 Þat heȝe awter he..mynuschede in to powdre. 1851 W. S. Landor 33 Our kingdom is minished into parts and parcels. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)] 1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright (1861) II. 53 Thi baffyng, lye thou never so lowde, may not menuse this seint [sc. Wyclif]. 1402 Reply Friar Daw Topias in T. Wright (1861) II. 85 Thou assentist thi silf in tresoun, menusynge the kyngis majeste. 1866 J. B. Rose tr. Ovid 136 Vaunted the Titan deeds, and minished those Of the great gods. the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford (1940) 24314 (MED) Lo, þai þoru pride and charge of sin To falle and menuse now bigin. 1495 (de Worde) iv. vii. 90 As fatnesse wexyth the blode mynysshyth. 1511–12 c. 3 Preamble Archerie..is right litell used but dayly mynessheth decayth and abateth. a1513 R. Fabyan (1516) I. cxviii. f. lvv Careticus..prouyd the strengthe of his enemyes, and sawe yt they encreasyd, & his knyghtis lassed and mynysshed. 1535 2 Sam. iii. 1 But Dauid wente and increased, and the house of Saul wente and mynished. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) III. 539 Quhilk causit science to grow..And vice to menische ilk da les and les. 1818 J. Keats ii. 80 Up flew The impatient doves... High afar The Latmian saw them minish into nought. 1826 H. F. Lyte 66 As their substance 'minished, with it fled Poor Richard's ease; and gloom and care instead Grew on him. 1904 J. Rhoades 88 [God] did preserve in Noah's ark A seed of you, that so your race i' the world Might minish not. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 3 Not presumand to put to his lawe, ne to minys þerfro. a1500 (?1421) in C. Monro (1863) 28 To have libertee to adde and minise, chaunge and amende. 1506 in S. Tymms (1850) 108 Myn executours shall mynysshe as they thynke accordyng to conciens. 1509 S. Hawes (1845) 111 She [sc. Nature] werketh upon all wonderly, Bothe for to minysshe and to multeply. 1526 Rev. xxii. 19 And yf eny man shall mynnyshe of the wordes off the boke of this prophesy. 1676 B. Keach (single sheet) He would own naught but what thus saith the Lord, Add would not he nor minish from Gods Word. 1869 F. E. W. Harper Moses v, in (1988) 54 And Pharaoh Wrote the stern decree..That the laborers should gather their own straw, And yet they should not 'minish of their tale of bricks. the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)] c1483 W. Caxton Proheme, I had made it accordyng to my copye and by me was nothyng added ne mynusshyd. 1525 in J. Raine (1884) V. 207 Shall mynysche noe part of yere. 1539 Psalms xii. 1 Helpe (me) Lorde, for there is not one godly man left. For the faythfull are mynisshed from amonge the children of men. 1581 W. Stafford (1876) i. 19 We are forced, either to minishe the third part of our househoulde, or to raise the thirde part of our reuenewes. 1611 Exod. v. 19 They were in euill case, after it was said, Yee shall not minish ought from your brickes of your dayly taske. View more context for this quotation 1860 E. B. Pusey 342 What they minish from the measure, that they add to the wrath of God. 1906 C. M. Doughty VI. xxii. 110 Assembled in his villa court, Yet being very early, to break bread; And nothing minish of their Master's tasks. Derivatives 1503 in E. Beveridge (1917) 134 John Blak, John Nesch and Kitte Merchall, mynesaris of the pas. 1564 T. Becon Pref. sig. A v He is not Episcopus, but Aposcopus, not a Minister, but a Minisher. 1583 P. Stubbes sig. N3v No more is he a good pastor, or minister, (but rather a depastor, and minisher). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  v.a1382 |
