Mongolianadj.n.

1706 tr. E. Y. Ides Three Years Trav. Moscow to China viii. 36 He had a Sister, which according to the Mongalian custom lived in the devoted spiritual state.

1736 tr. P. J. von Strahlenberg Histori-geogr. Descr. N. & E. Europe & Asia (title page) A Vocabulary of the Kalmuck-Mungalian Tongue.

1736 tr. P. J. von Strahlenberg Histori-geogr. Descr. N. & E. Europe & Asia 139 After the Tartars had totally defeated the Mungalian Army.

1836 H. Murray et al. Hist. China I. ii. 39 The opinion which assigns to the Chinese a Tartar, or rather Mongolian lineage.

1878 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 750/1 The Mongolian characters..are written perpendicularly from above downward.

1892 S. Laing Human Origins (1894) iii. 86 Various Turkic and Mongolian dialects.

1944 W. E. Cox Bk. Pottery & Porcelain I. xviii. 426 Neither of the Kuan yao factories so far as we know survived the Mongolian conquest.

1985 R. Whelan Robert Capa xxix. 216 He usually had a heavy growth of dark stubble that made him look..rather like a Mongolian bandit.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 38 The Mongolian variety inhabits eastern Asia, Finland, and Lapland in Europe, and includes the Esquimaux of North America.

1834 Penny Cycl. II. 473/1 The white (or Caucasian), the yellow (or Mongolian), and the black (or Ethiopian).

1903 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 372 Their features are decidedly Mongolian.

1961 J. Carew Last Barbarian 28 The baron had a Mongolian face with high cheek bones.

1976 N. Maclean River runs through It 25 When her black hair glistened she was handsome, more Algonkian and Romanlike than Mongolian in profile.

1990 ‘L. de Bernières’ War Don Emmanuel's Nether Parts ii. 13 It was not so much their Mongolian features that impressed everyone [etc.].

1866 J. L. H. Down in Clin. Lect. & Rep. (London Hospital) III. 261 The Mongolian type of idiocy occurs in more than ten per cent. of the cases which are presented to me.

1890 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 36 189 Mongolian imbeciles.

1892 J. L. H. Down in D. H. Tuke Dict. Psychol. Med. II. 644 Ten per cent. of all cases of idiocy arrange themselves around a highly characteristic type which the writer has proposed to call the Mongolian variety.

1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 679 The histological examination of two brains of Mongolian idiots.

1965 H. E. Sutton Introd. Human Genetics v. 37 The condition known as trisomy 21 syndrome or mongolian idiocy (sometimes referred to as Down's syndrome) had long been an enigma.

1985 N.Y. Times 23 May c23/1 The French geneticist Jerome Lejeune..deplores the practice of aborting victims of Downs's syndrome, and says that he looks forward ‘to the day when a Mongolian idiot, treated biochemically, becomes a successful geneticist’.

1757 J. Dyer Fleece iv. 126 The Cossac there, The Calmuc, and Mungalian, round the bales In crowds resort.

1763 J. Bell Journey from St. Petersburg to Pekin vi. 303 This day we saw some scattered tents of Mongalians, with their flocks.

1854 R. G. Latham Varieties Human Race in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 316 The Mongolians are the most nomadic of populations.

1854 R. G. Latham Varieties Human Race in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 317 Zingis-Khan was a Mongolian and not a Turk.

1910 A. Bierce Coll. Wks. III. 139 The miserable pig-tail Mongolian went to hewing away at the saplings all round the stems, like a worm o' the dust gnawing a radish.

1935 Discovery Aug. 240/1 Mr. Benn's host never went on an expedition without a large carton of cubes, which he handed out generously to those Mongolians whose tents they visited.

1990 New Scientist 1 Sept. 46/2 Mongolians now regard animal husbandry as a low-status occupation.

1822 tr. J. C. Adelung in N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 133 Middle Asia; comprehending I. The Turcico-Tatar stock. II. Mongolian. III. Mandschu.

1846 J. Bell's Geog., Asiatic Russ. IV. iii. 176 They speak a very rude dialect of Mongolian.

1926 J. Whymant Mongolian Gram. i. 1 The Khalka..Mongolian possesses seven vowels and twenty consonants.

1955 Mém. de la Soc. Finno-Ougrienne 110 15 The history of Mongolian can be divided into three main stages. A. Common Mongolian... B. Middle Mongolian... C. Modern Mongolian.

1956 J. Whatmough Lang. ii. 32 The great belt of Mongolian and Tungusian..is connected with the Turkic languages further west, and with Yakut to the North, reaching through Siberia to the Arctic.

1977 C. F. Voegelin & F. M. Voegelin Classif. & Index World's Langs. 234 The traditional classification of Mongolian into an ‘Eastern’ and a ‘Western’ group of languages is linguistically irrelevant.

1987 D. Crystal Cambr. Encycl. Lang. lii. 307/1 The Altaic family..comprises about 40 languages, classified into three groups: Turkic, Mongolian, and Manchu-Tungus.

1990 Orientations Apr. 32/1 These inscriptions are in Mongolian and thus widen the appliqué's international connections.

1823 N. Amer. Rev. July 21 A particular individual which the latter considered a Mongolian and the former assures us is an Ethiopian.

1888 C. Morris Aryan Race i. 13 The hair of the Mediterraneans is not so long or so cylindrical in section as in the Mongolians.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 442/2 Doenitz, Hilgendorf and Dr B. Schuebe, arguing from a minute investigation of the physical traits of the Ainu, have concluded that they are Mongolians.

1938 F. Boas Gen. Anthropol. iii. 104 Extreme forms like the Australians, Negroes, Mongolians, and Europeans may be described as races because each has certain characteristics which set them off from other groups, and which are strictly hereditary.

1988 Current Anthropol. 29 349/2 The thesis of this work [sc. Crania Americana] was that native Americans were one race distinct from Eskimos and Mongolians.

1859 Colonial Mining Jrnl. Feb. 94/1 The mongolian..follows the caucasian as the scavenger succeeds civilization.

1899 Austral. Tit-bits (Sydney) 18 Feb. 20/1 English representatives..sell on behalf of the Mongolian the vegetables produced by market gardeners.

1913 J. B. Castieau Reminisc. Detective-Inspector Christie 19 He saw a Chinaman, the first he had ever seen. Curiosity caused him to regard the Mongolian attentively.

1991 S. Winchester Pacific (1992) 231 They [sc. the Chinese] were often referred to as Mongolians, even in polite society.

1909 J. G. Millais Nat. Hist. Brit. Game Birds 104 If the pure and cross-bred Mongolians have a fault it is a tendency to stray more than other pheasants.

1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Oct. 18/1 This boy [sc. an old cock pheasant] looked like a Mongolian, seemed too dark for an ordinary ringneck.

1965 Observer 10 Oct. (Colour Suppl.) 33/2 There's a Mongolian there..a fine ring neck... That old bird he always roosts in that apple tree there.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. xxiii. 18 A face which by dint of Mongolian eyes, and a nose, mouth, and chin seeming to follow his hat-brim in a moderate inclination upwards, gave the effect of a subdued..sceptical smile.

1935 J. S. Huxley & A. C. Haddon We Europeans iv. 117 A fold of skin, the ‘epicanthic fold’, covers the inner angle of the eye. This gives the effect known as the ‘Mongolian eye’.

1998 Daily Tel. 22 Aug. 18 He has pink skin and albino-blond hair, and Mongolian eyes that narrow when he smiles as though they're going to disappear.

1908 Man 6 152 The eye has the so-called Mongolian fold in the inner corner.

1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Priests & Kings xii. 192 The head is..relatively low and rounded with, in many individuals, flattened features and the additional or ‘Mongolian’ fold of the eyelid.

1996 Deseret News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 25 Apr. 31 Most Americans have progressed to the point where physical differences—skin, eye and hair colour, a Mongolian fold in the eyelids and such—are not really operative factors in relationships between people.

1893 R. Lydekker Horns & Hoofs iv. 182 The tseain or Mongolian gazelle (Gazella gutturosa), of the desert regions of portions of Mongolia.

1923 Forest & Stream Feb. 52 (caption) Collection of heads and skins of Chinese big game animals: big horn sheep, roedeer, Mongolian gazelle, wild pig, wolf and fox.

2007 Independent 23 Apr. 25/4 The range of the Mongolian gazelle is now only about 25 to 30 per cent of that observed in the 1950s, and the population is now thought to be in serious decline.

1957 UFAW Handbk. Care Management Lab. Animals (ed. 2) lxxv. 893 Dr. Victor Schwentker has developed a thriving colony of Clawed Jirds or Mongolian gerbils from specimens received from..Tokyo.

1984 D. McDonald Encycl. Mammals II. 674/2 To most people a gerbil is an attractive pet rodent with large dark eyes and a furry tail. The animal they have in mind however, is the Mongolian gerbil, just one of the many species of gerbils, jirds and sandrats that belong to the largest group of rodents in Africa and Asia.

1967 E. Hunt Danger Game viii. 152 He ate oysters at Lo Fan Shan and Mongolian Hotpot.

1992 Free China Rev. Apr. 58/3 The restaurant does a brisk business in Mongolian hot pot.

1963 Sunday Express 27 Jan. 9/5 A Mongolian lamb hat.

1996 Sky Mag. Oct. 166/1 From Gucci's faux mink white fur jacket to Katharine Hamnett's full-length teddy bear coats and Clements Ribeiro's Mongolian-lamb waistcoats.

1903 W. Rothschild in Field 20 June 1033/3 The bird known in America as the Mongolian pheasant is not the Phasianus mongolicus of Brandt, but the Phasianus colchicus, var. mongolicus of Pallas, otherwise our common Chinese ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus torquatus) Linné.

1903 W. Rothschild in Field 20 June 1033/6 I have had a number of the true Mongolian pheasant (Phasianus mongolicus) alive at Tring for two years.

1963 D. A. Bannerman Birds Brit. Isles XII. 338 The Kirghiz pheasant Phasianus mongolicus Brandt. Commonly (but incorrectly) named the Mongolian pheasant, is distinguished by the broad white-ring around the neck interrupted in front, having the mantle, chest and breast bronzy orange-red... Introduced into England for Lord Rothschild in 1900.

1983 P. St. Pierre Smith & Other Events 53 He got a tractor,..twelve Mongolian pheasants that died, one goat which didn't and a sincere, enduring relationship with his banker.

1907 Arch. Pediatrics 24 428 His findings led him..to a special study of the morphology of the ‘Mongolian’ spot.

1969 Beaver Spring 49/1 A baby's pale Mongolian spots are patted lovingly.

1989 J. A. B. Collier & J. M. Longmore Oxf. Handbk. Clin. Specialties (ed. 2) ii. 176 Is there a ‘mongolian spot’ on the nape?