mineraln.

Brit.

/ˈmɪn(ə)rəl/,

/ˈmɪn(ə)rl̩/, U.S.

/ˈmɪn(ə)r(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English–1600s minerall, Middle English–1600s myneral, Middle English–1600s mynerall, Middle English– mineral, late Middle English 1600s minerale, 1500s mynoralle, 1600s min'ral, 1600s minrall; Scottish pre-1700 maneriall, pre-1700 manerialle, pre-1700 minerall, pre-1700 minorale, pre-1700 minorall, pre-1700 mynerale, pre-1700 mynerall, pre-1700 myneriall, pre-1700 mynorall, pre-1700 mynrall, 1700s– mineral.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin minerale, mineralis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin minerale (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), use as noun of neuter singular of mineralis mineral adj. Compare Spanish mineral (c1250), Middle French mineral (1538; French minéral), Italian minerale (1561), Portuguese mineral (17th cent. in form minaral); also Dutch mineraal (1642 as minerael), German Mineral (16th cent.; plural Mineralien), Norwegian mineral, Swedish mineral (1607), Danish mineral.In sense 3 in allusion to the Liber Mineralium (or De Mineralibus) of Albertus Magnus (c1200–80). With sense 5 compare Paracelsus' use of post-classical Latin mineralia to denote medico-chemical remedies.

†1. Alchemy. According to certain writers: that variety of the philosophers' stone which was responsible for the purification of metals, esp. in orebodies. Cf. mineral adj. 2. Obsolete.This variety of the philosophers' stone was called more fully lapis mineralis, the others being lapis animalis and lapis vegetabilis (cf. vegetable stone n. at vegetable adj. Compounds 2).Quot. 1612 may be a more general allusion to sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > chemical digestion > philosophers' stone

stone1390

minerala1393

ferment1471

egg of philosophersc1484

adropa1550

philosophical stone1581

angelical stone1586

philosophers' stone1590

philosophers' work1612

philosophic stone1647

water stone of the wise men1649

lapis1666

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2552 The thridde Ston in special Be name is cleped Minerall, Which the metalls of every Mine Attempreth.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2559 This Mineral..Transformeth al the ferste kynde And makth hem able..to receive..Of gold and selver the nature.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B^v All your Alchemye, and your Algebra, Your Mineralls, Vegetalls, and Animalls.

1652 (?1476) Ripley's Pref. to Medulla in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 389 The first of these I you assure, Right hurtful is for Man to tast... And named is the Minerall.

a. A naturally occurring substance of neither animal nor vegetable origin; an inorganic substance. (Not now in technical use.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > mineral substance

mineral?a1425

body1594

fossil1606

mineraloid1913

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun]

mineral?a1425

minery1561

mining1776

mine working1826

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun]

mineral?a1425

metallurgy1665

metalworking1855

metallotechny1881

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 179 (MED) Sulphur is a minerale..subtiliatyue and attractyue.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 376 (MED) And man with birdys & bestis lyue in Ayere, But stone & mynerallis vnder erth repaire.

a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 56 (MED) Mineralls be nourisshid by mynistracione Of moistures radicall.

1602 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xiii. lxxvi. 316 Vigitiues, as trees, fruits, herbes, and such: Dead-Beings too, as Mynerales.

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. E7^v As for Minerals, they are bodies perfectly mixt; inanimate, not having sense or motion.

1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) iv. i. 261 [Water] is the only Catholick Nourishment of all Vegetables, Animals, and Minerals.

1869 Cosmopolitan 19 Aug. 314 The mineral vegetablises itself, the vegetable animalises itself.

1992 Harrowsmith Feb. 88/1 Vegetables that eat animals and minerals; carnivorous houseplants that do more than just sit there.

b. A substance obtained by mining; a product of the depths of the earth, esp. one other than a native metal. Also in Mining: an ore. Also figurative.In some modern contexts not distinguishable from sense 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun]

oreOE

metala1387

minea1425

mineralc1500

vein1601

spelter1661

ram1683

virgin ore1758

rock1830

manganomelane1934

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > ore > [noun]

oreOE

mineralc1500

c1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Trin. Cambr.) 24 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 567 (MED) Who þat myneþ downe lowe in þe grounde, Of gold & syluer groweþ þe mynerall.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 288 Some dig for mettalls and mineralls to erect stately buildinges.

1598 F. Rous Thule ii. sig. Q 4 He sees where death with greedie spade, Meanes vp to dig the minerals of his hart.

c1615 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers vi. §16 The minerals of the kingdom, of lead, iron, copper, and tin,..are of great value.

1634 W. Habington Castara i. 15 In a darke cave..It doth like a rich minerall lie.

1658 W. Chamberlayne Loves Victory iv. 68 Zan. You've heard what royal mineral let flie this damp. Arr. Our Soveraign's lost.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 517 Part hidd'n veins diggd up..of Mineral and Stone.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 174 Nor do Metalls only sort and herd with Metalls in the Earth: and Minerals with Minerals.

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Minerals, are hard Bodies dug out of the Earth or Mines, (whence the Name) being in part of a Metalline, and in part of a Stony Substance.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 7 As one to Music, another to working in and finding out Metals and Minerals in the Earth.

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 235/2 By this plan the ore or mineral is divided into more convenient masses for extraction.

1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xvi. 105 With special provisions as to minerals and the interests therein of remainder-men.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 156 Mineral, in miners' parlance, ore.

1948 A. Paton Cry, Beloved Country i. xii. 80 Where blacks can farm their own land and mine their own minerals and administer their own laws.

1987 Stock & Land (Melbourne) 25 June 27/1 Included in the submission were calls that minerals in the ground should belong to the landowner, not the crown.

c. Science. A solid, naturally occurring, usually inorganic substance with a definite chemical composition and characteristic physical structure and properties (such as crystalline form). Cf. mineraloid n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > a mineral

mineral1813

ite1906

1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. Pref. p. xii The number of simple minerals which form rocks and strata is small.

1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 80 Cleavage alone cannot be relied on for determining the primary form of a mineral.

1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius x. 290 The three minerals have nearly the same crystallographic angles.

1923 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 750. 16 Ilsemannite, like wulfennite, is probably formed from some unknown mineral, perhaps a sulphide.

1929 G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky i. v. 66 The meteoric minerals found rarely, if ever, in terrestrial rocks are the various alloys of iron and nickel known as kamacite, taenite, and plessite; [etc.].

1956 Nature 10 Mar. 462/2 The purification of the mineral by the Bayer process.

1980 Science 211 1126/2 The distribution of biogenic minerals between the five kingdoms shows that 25 are synthesized by animals, 11 by protoctists, 8 by monerans, 7 by vascular plants, and 4 by fungi.

1994 Museums Jrnl. Oct. 24/1 We looked for a geologist to curate the museum's collection of rocks, fossils and minerals.

d. Biology and Medicine. Any of the chemical elements required by living organisms that are or can be obtained as inorganic compounds (other than water or molecular oxygen), i.e. those other than hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and (sometimes) sulphur. Also: a mineral salt or other inorganic compound that is a source of such elements.

ΚΠ

1871 Proc. Royal Soc. 1870–71 19 468 Crystalloid minerals are displaced by physical diffusion in search of the plants they are to nourish.

1898 Science 14 Jan. 47/1 In respect of the mineral food of plants it may be said that it appears to be of two kinds: First, the minerals which are essential, such as phosphoric acid, potash, lime and magnesia.

1915 Jrnl. Agric. Res. 5 533 An examination of the..maximum percentages of the minerals in the sap..shows the largest variations.

1930 M. A. Perry Dietetics & Nutrition vii. 72 Minerals serve as regulators of vital body processes.

1938 E. C. Miller Plant Physiol. (ed. 2) vi. 372 In the case of the potato tuber, the young stem removed only about 50 per cent of the minerals stored in the fresh tuber.

1947 M. Ginem Mod. Encycl. Cooking 17 It is possible for normal individuals..to get an adequate amount of all the vitamins and minerals in a well-balanced diet.

1985 M. Hills Curing Arthritis iii. 26 Honey is packed with natural vitamins, minerals and trace elements.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xx. 1153 The photosynthetic and absorptive cells must cross-feed each other, in addition to supplying other regions of the plant with both the organic compounds and minerals for biosynthesis.

†3. In plural. The branch of knowledge dealing with minerals. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun]

mineralsa1500

mineralogy1671

oryctography1753

fossilogy1776

oryctognosy1801

oryctology1804

oryctics1888

rockhounding1949

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1632 (MED) Of this erth shewith Alberte, oure grete brodire, In his Minerals, whiche litarge is better than odire.

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A4^v He that is grounded in Astrologie, Inricht with tongues well seene in minerals, Hath all the principles Magicke doth require.

†4.

a. Originally Scottish. A mine; a mining or metallurgical works. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun]

minea1393

work1474

mineral?a1500

minery1567

balc1600

groove1666

bargh1693

winning1708

working1708

wheal1830

show1898

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Trial of Fox l. 1097 in Poems (1981) 45 Richt as the mynour in his minorall Fair gold with fyre may fra the leid weill wyn.

1567–8 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scotl. (1878) 13 The dekay of myndis and mynerallis of gold and silver within this realme.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) 171 By the same steppes you came to beggerie, returne till you come to your mineral of riches, & when you amend, I will chaung my mind.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. vi. i. 87 Shall it not be a wild-figg in a wall Or fired Brimstone in a Minerall?

1663 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1820) VII. 525/1 Libertie to search out, worke & vse all and sindrie mynes and other mineralls within the paroche of Sidweik & Cowane.

b. The industry or art of mining. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) Ep. sig. A2 It is the manner..of such as seek profit by Minerall, first to set men on woorke to digge and gather the Owre: Then [etc.].

†5. A medicine or poison containing inorganic substances. Also figurative. Cf. ethiops mineral n. at ethiops n. 2 Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > mineral poison

mineral1563

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > mineral medicine > [noun]

mineral1563

1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 54 Make all these mynoralles in fyne pouder and mixe with the Oyle.

1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. Biii^v Our late Phisitions haue found out a singular minerall, called Hope, applie this to your stomack as a soueraine simple against disquiet & feare.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) i. ii. 75 That thou hast practis'd on her with foule Charmes, Abus'd her delicate Youth, with Drugs or Minerals.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 50 She did confesse she had For you a mortall Minerall .

a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Sea Voy. v. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ccccc/1 [Famine] as the wise man says, Gripes the guts as much as any Minerall.

1654 Trag. Alphonsus iv. 49 [They] Gave me a mineral not to be digested, Which burning eats, and eating burns my heart.

1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 132 Herbs or mineralls, with Virulent, and Deleterious Qualities.

1730 W. Burdon Gentleman's Pocket-farrier 40 Sweet Oil a Spoonful, Æthiops Mineral an Ounce.

6. = mineral water n. Frequently in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > water > [noun] > mineral water

mineral water?a1425

mineral1785

1785 R. Hunter Jrnl. in Quebec to Carolina (1943) (modernized text) 166 About a mile from this place are some famous minerals, which gentlemen come from Philadelphia and New York to drink.

1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) p. xv We are out of minerals. Kindly send us..one gross of seltzer, one gross of soda.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 569 They might hit upon some drinkables in the shape of a milk and soda or a mineral.

1927 Glasgow Herald 15 Apr. 11 There will be..supper with ale and minerals at Osborne's Hotel.

1991 ‘W. Trevor’ Reading Turgenev vii, in Two Lives (1992) 63 He hadn't drunk whiskey since the night of his honeymoon; last Christmas he'd had a mineral as usual.

Compounds

C1.

mineral aggregate n.

ΚΠ

1849 J. D. Dana Man. Mineral. (ed. 2) i. 15 The different spars, gems, and ores are minerals, while granite rock, slate, clay and the like, are mineral aggregates.

1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 9 102 The mineral aggregates seem to have a distribution as incoherent as the formations themselves.

1987 National Geographic Mag. Sept. 290/2 There are actually two chemically distinct materials that the world legally accepts as jade... Both are technically rocks, since they are mineral aggregates.

mineral collector n.

ΚΠ

1788 R. Twining Let. 22 Sept. in Sel. Papers Twining Family (1887) 184 I am..to procure for Prince Augustus, who is a young mineral collector, a specimen of tin ore from Cornwall.

1914 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 187 263 R. M. Wilke..as a mineral collector and dealer has done much to advance the science of mineralogy.

2000 Lapidary Jrnl. June 37/1 Of interest to mineral collectors were..quartz specimens from two new sources.

mineral dealer n.

ΚΠ

1856 Sci. Amer. 6 Dec. 98/4 He..went to a mineral dealer, and offered him the precious stone for sale.

1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 57 This is generally sold by the mineral dealers.

mineral deposit n.

ΚΠ

1842 J. Fletcher in Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 5 225 Removing the mineral deposit from its resting-place underneath insecure strata.

1929 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 23 48 A mineral deposit of this nature belongs to the sovereign or the state.

1994 Nature 13 Jan. 115/2 The ashy sediment was apparently created by a hydrovolcanic explosion that fragmented glassy basalt and a hydrothermal mineral deposit.

mineral train n.

ΚΠ

1876 Appletons' Jrnl. 20 May 662/1 The puff of the locomotive attached to the mineral-train is still audible.

1894 Ld. Tweedmouth in Daily News 5 Oct. 5/6 Our express had a short distance to the north of Northallerton run into a mineral train.

1929 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 92 112 It costs 3s. 6d. to stop and start a passenger train, 5s. 6d. to stop and start a heavy mineral train.

mineral workings n.

ΚΠ

1850 Westm. Rev. 53 142 The chief production of San Salvador has been indigo; but..the mineral workings have been considerable.

1880 Harper's Mag. Apr. 668/2 Another thing that the Indians did was to cover up all the old mineral workings.

1973 C. Callow Power from Sea vi. 133 The Government has backed this up with its own Mineral Workings (Off-shore Installations) Act of 1971. This Act calls for a safety manager on drilling platforms and the keeping of log books.

mineral-bearing adj.

ΚΠ

1850 Jrnl. Constit. Conv. State Mich. Document No. 7. 6 It was desirable to possess chartered privileges, to invite capital from abroad in aid of digging copper and iron out of the mineral bearing rocks of Lake Superior.

1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 174 The croppings of a heavy mineral-bearing lode are clearly traceable.

1987 Science 29 May 1125 All support the classic view of A. V. Kazakov that upwelling is and probably was the primary source of mineral-bearing waters.

mineral-producing adj.

ΚΠ

1876 H. T. Williams Pacific Tourist 113/2 The history of rich mineral-producing regions is that the metals are usually..brought to the fuel instead of carrying the fuel to the metal.

1988–9 Polit. Sci. Q. 103 143 Mineral-producing nations formed cartels for copper, bauxite, and iron, raising fears of confrontations like those actually experienced with the oil-exporting countries.

mineral-rich adj.

ΚΠ

1933 Jrnl. Ecol. 21 327 It would appear from this that E[riophorum] angustifolium..cannot stand a mineral or nitrogen-rich soil.

1967 Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) 36 Canada's mineral-rich northland.

1993 Options Aug. 79/1 Companies such as Thalgo and Lacoste have updated mineral-rich seaweed treatments with thalassotherapy.

C2.

mineral dresser n. a person or machine employed in mineral dressing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun] > apparatus

mineral dresser1876

Jolly1882

meldometer1885

streak plate1895

1876 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 22 188/1 Canfield's Mineral Dresser... At the Dover meeting of the Institute, Mr. F. A. Canfield showed some of the members a machine which he had invented for dressing mineralogical and geological specimens.

1957 Sci. News 46 35 This upgrading [of ores] is the work done by the mineral dresser.

mineral dressing n. treatment of ore so as to remove gangue and concentrate the valuable constituents (cf. ore-dressing n. and adj. at ore n.² Compounds 2a).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > excavating or dressing ore > dressing ore

puddlingc1585

vanning1671

jigging1778

ore-dressing1837

mineral dressing1931

1931 Columbia Univ. Bull. School Engin. 11 July 7 Arthur F. Taggart..Professor of Mineral Dressing [formerly, Ore Dressing].

1939 A. M. Gaudin Princ. Mineral Dressing i. 1 Mineral dressing is commonly regarded as the processing of raw minerals to yield marketable products and waste by means that do not destroy the physical and chemical identity of the minerals.

1957 Sci. News 46 37 The methods of mineral dressing most in use before World War I were limited to gravitation in pulsing or streaming currents of water.., the use of magnets on ferro-magnetic ores, and such hydro-metallic processes as the cyanidation of gold and the leaching of copper.

1990 Minerals Engin. 3 12 For heterogeneous ores..the behaviour of mineral components of an ore was size dependent in nearly every operation encountered in mineral dressing.

mineral map n. †(a) a map showing the nature and location of the various soil and rock types of a region (obsolete); (b) a map showing the distribution of (economically important) minerals in a region.

ΚΠ

1684 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 14 739 It were advisable, that a Soil or Mineral Map, as I may call it, were devised.

1876 (title) Mineral map and general statistics of New South Wales.

1938 Pacific Affairs 11 385 There follows the material setting in which man lives:..maps of volcanoes and seismic regions, geological and minerals maps, maps of atmospheric presure, [etc.].

1977 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 71 715 Analysis of geological and mineral maps does not require the same level of expertise demanded for interpretation of data acquired by remote sensing techniques.

mineral right n. the right to extract minerals from beneath a piece of land (now usually in plural); the land over which this right is held; the document conveying this right.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > right to remove minerals

oredelf1579

mineral right1839

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 237/2 Certain stipulations are then entered into between the company and the proprietor of the land in which the vein or deposit is situated, or should the mineral right not belong to him, with [etc.].

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 156 Mineral right, the ownership of the minerals under a given surface, with the right to enter thereon, mine, and remove them.

1957 W. M. Hailey Afr. Surv. (rev. ed.) xxii. 1520 In South Africa ownership of the land is..held to comprise all values in the land including mineral rights.

1984 J. Phillips Machine Dreams 26 Later the mineral rights were sold as well.

mineral rod n. U.S. (now historical) a divining rod for finding mineral veins or precious metals.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > instrument for detection > [noun] > divining rod

divining-wand1656

dowsing-rod1692

divining-stick1712

divining-rod1751

mineral rod1797

doodlebug1924

the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > detection of radiation > detecting subterraneous springs, etc. > rhabdomancy > divining-rod

rod1617

Moses' rod1646

divining-wand1656

virgula divina or divinatoria1656

Mosaical roda1681

dowsing-rod1692

divining-stick1712

waggers1747

divining-rod1751

mineral rod1797

fork1886

1797 R. T. Paine, Jr. Ruling Passion 16 He points his mineral rod, Limps to the spot, and turns the well-known sod.

1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. 101 The mysteries of the mineral-rods are many.

1849 T. L. Clingman in C. Lanman Lett. from Alleghany Mts. 187 Travelling about the country under the guidance of mineral rods or dreams in search of mines.

1931 J. F. Dobie Coronado's Children 107 They possessed a ‘gold monkey’—a mineral rod..it oscillated towards the west and made two locations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mineraladj.

Brit.

/ˈmɪn(ə)rəl/,

/ˈmɪn(ə)rl̩/, U.S.

/ˈmɪn(ə)r(ə)l/

Forms: late Middle English minerale, late Middle English myneral, late Middle English–1500s mineralle, late Middle English– mineral, 1500s minorall, 1500s–1600s minerall, 1500s–1600s mynerall, 1600s minnerall, 1700s min'ral.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mineralis.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin mineralis (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; earliest in virtus mineralis mineral virtue: see sense 2; 1577 in sense ‘of or at a mine’) < minera mineral (see minera n.) + -alis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French minéral relating to minerals, containing minerals (1516; late 13th cent. in Old French in an isolated attestation; 1557 in an alchemical text, 1679 in sense 1 in phrase eau minérale ), Spanish mineral (1254), Old Occitan meneral , mineral (14th cent.), Catalan mineral (1460), Italian minerale (a1502 in sense 1 in phrase acqua minerale ), Portuguese mineral (1813); also Dutch mineraal (1691 in sense 1 in phrase mineraal water ), German mineralisch (16th cent.), Norwegian mineralsk , Swedish mineral (1690), Danish mineralsk . Compare earlier mineral n.: some uses of the adjective may arise from attributive uses of the noun.

1. Of water, a spring, etc.: impregnated with minerals; containing a high proportion of mineral salts; esp. in mineral spring, mineral water n. Formerly (also): (of the colour of river water) †indicative of such a content (obsolete). In recent use also (with reference to wine): having a taste suggestive of such a content.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > [adjective] > mineral impregnation

mineral?a1425

minerous1612

mineraline1674

mineralized1785

mineralizing1890

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 33 After Arnolde vse of minerale waters [L. aquarum mineralium], most of tartarie sapour, noȝt only availeþ for to attenue or make þyn inward bocia bot also vtward.

1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 9, in 2nd Pt. Herball Thys minorall water is cleare..and springeth out of sande.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 57 Two Riuers, Acheron and Cocytus; who for their minerall colours, and bitter tasts, were surnamed the Riuers of Hell.

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 359 A kind of ocre..falls to the bottom of the chanels of all..mineral springs, whether sowes or others.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 60 We travelled..to the Spaw... The Medicinal Waters..seemed to me more brisk and sprightly, and better sated with Mineral Juices than any I have tasted in England.

1783 S. Tenney Let. 1 Sept. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. (1793) 2 43 I mentioned some mineral springs in the vicinity of this place.

1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 187 About two leagues to the east of this mass, I discovered a brackish mineral spring.

1834 T. Wentworth West India Sketch Bk. II. 139 Invalids, many of whom come..for the..mineral baths.

1843 W. W. Mather et al. Geol. N.Y. iv. 308 In this district the only mineral springs of interest are the salines, the sulphur springs, [etc.].

1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 22 Apr. 1/4 Craig..was probably fatally shot by a burglar late tonight in his room at a mineral springs resort.

1987 R. Carver Elephant (1988) 114 Russians had been going there for years to soak in the hot mineral baths.

†2. Alchemy. Designating or possessing a property supposedly inherent in certain inorganic substances, by which it was thought that they might develop through stages of increasing refinement into metals; esp. in mineral virtue. Cf. minera n. Obsolete.In quot. c1450 referring to a variety of the philosophers' stone: see mineral n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical properties > [noun] > mineral virtue

mineral virtuec1450

the world > the earth > minerals > [adjective]

mineral1581

miny1611

mineralic1744

c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) 531 (MED) It cordith wel to serche Out scrypture, Misteryes hyd..of stoonys, Specially of three—Oon myneral, Anothir vegetatyff..Ther was Oon was Callyd Anymal.

a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 394 For cause efficient of metals fynd ye shalle Only the vertu Mineralle, which in euery erth is not fownde.

1580 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Short Disc. Chirurg. Mii^v This is the stone that the Philosophers have so long sought to fixe their medicine mynerall.

1581 in Trans. Jewish Hist. Soc. Eng. (1903) 4 98 The v^th corruption [of copper ore] is Calcator, beinge the mother or corpus of vitriall, and a mynerall substance.

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum 478 The ground is glassie and bright, & by minerall vertue turneth into stone.

1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 22 By an example which we shall bring from the animal seed, it will appear, in what manner the mineral virtue operates in stones.

a. Of or relating to mines or mining; devoted to or suitable for mining. Of a person: †skilled in mining (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective]

mineral1535

metallic1649

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [adjective] > skilled in mining matters

mineral1535

1535 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (rev. ed.) xvi. lxxxi. f. ccxxxv^v/2 The substance of leed is gendred..in mineral places.

1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. B3 Wee founde neere the water side the ground to be rockie, which by the triall of a minerall man, was founde to holde yron richly.

1592 J. Stow Annales 11 The saide Philosopher..in this land taught the knowledge of mynerall workes.

c1600 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 18 It were not amiss that Minerall Artistes dyd strayne their skyll to make a more generall proofe by a more exacte searche.

c1600 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 70 The howse of Mr. Windesore, situate amonge the minerall hills.

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 13 Sir Francis Godolphin..entertained a Duch mynerall man.

1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 481 John Gill, a Man well experienced in Mineral affairs.

1672 R. Boyle Ess. Origine & Virtues Gems 31 As I have been inform'd, not only by some Mineral Writers of good credit, but also by eye witnesses.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Mineral Courts, certain peculiar Courts for regulating the Concerns of Lead-Mines, as Stannary-Courts are for Tin.

1744 in J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms (1998) 106/1 Joseph Waterhouse complains himself to this [Barmote] Court against John Gould..for not paying the sum of 16/4d being a Mineral debt due for him to pay at Lathkilldale Sough.

1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (rev. ed.) 634 New Spain is by far the richest mineral country in the world.

1889 Spectator 7 Dec. 800/2 A rich country..with limitless culturable or mineral land.

1994 Northern Miner 3 Oct. 3/4 These properties are now Exempt Mineral Land, with identified reserves and excellent potential for the development of additional fluorspar deposits.

†b. figurative. Deeply buried; recondite. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1631 J. Donne Ess. Divinity (1651) 28 Nothing was too minerall, nor centrick for the search and reach of his wit.

a. Esp. of a substance: neither animal nor vegetable; not derived from or produced by a living thing; inorganic. Also figurative. Cf. mineral n. 2a.Formerly also as postmodifier: see ethiops mineral n. at ethiops n. 2, turpeth mineral n. at turpeth n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > absence of life or consciousness > [adjective] > inorganic

mineral1559

minerable1562

inorganical1674

unorganic1775

inorganic1794

anorganic1880

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [adjective] > inorganic

mineral1559

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 291 Other diuers opinions of Philosophers in the drawing out of the elements out of minerall thinges, we shall declare.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 454 Men vpon a couetous mind would needs seeke for siluer, and not satisfied therwith, thought good withall to find out Minerall vermilion.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ll3 Mineral Medicines haue beene extolled.

1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. iv, in Wks. I. 247 I haue an excellent mineral Fucus, for the purpose.

1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 269 Water..by the spermatick efflorescence of a mineral seed becomes wrought into a mineral juyce.

1685 R. Boyle Exper. Disc. Salubr. Air 35 in Ess. Effects Motion Some Metalline ores, and some mineral earths themselves have been observ'd by Mineralogists.

1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 104 Other opinions, indeed, would fix it a solid mineral bitumen.

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 51 Mineral Carbon, impregnated with Bitumen.

1834 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. III. 109/2 Of medicines, the vegetable tonics are scarcely so serviceable as the mineral.

1843 J. A. Smith Productive Farming (ed. 2) 139 Of Manures of Mineral Origin, or Fossil and Artificial or Chemical Manures.

1914 W. Owen Let. 6 Nov. (1967) 294 I secretly suspect your sisters of vegetating. Who shall blame 'em? The mineral state is perhaps the most preferable, after all.

1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility i. 3 Soil is the mixture of mineral and organic material at the land surface of the earth that is capable of sustaining plant life.

1974 A. Huxley Plant & Planet vi. 44 Absorbing from the soil the essential water and soluble mineral foods.

1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans v. 153 They react with other substances quickly and form insoluble mineral solids in the sediments.

1991 O. Clarke Webster's Wine Guide 1992 44/2 This wine is in the top flight, having some of the mineral roughness of much Pomerol, but also tremendous perfume and length.

b. Relating to, dealing with, or comprising inorganic substances. Frequently in mineral kingdom (kingdom n. 7).Now often interpreted as attributive use of mineral n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > [noun]

mineral kingdom1650

1642 M. R. Besler (title) Gazophylacium rerum naturalium, e regno vegetabili, animali, et minerali depromptarum.]

1650 J. F. tr. M. Sedziwój New Light of Alchymie 114 By the due separation, and conjunction of these, Nature produceth as well Metalls, as Stones, in the Minerall Kingdome [L. in regno minerali].

1676 T. Guidott Disc. Bathe Pref. sig. B^v I first made collection out of the best Mineral Authors, such as Fallopius, Agricola, Baccius, and others.

a1691 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii. i. i. §3 in Wks. (1772) VI. 724 The mineral kingdom, as, after the chemists, most writers now call it.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 40 The bowels of the earth abound with..mother-of-pearl, and some other productions of the mineral kingdom.

1806 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Feb. in Writings (1984) 1160 They are headed therefore by persons qualified expressly to give us the geography of the rivers with perfect accuracy, and of good common knolege [sic] and observation in the animal, vegetable & mineral departments.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. Introd. p. iv I would propose..that the mineral kingdom be considered as divided into three provinces: 1. Petralogy..2. Lithology..3. Metallogy, or the knowledge of metals.

1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 225 Bonaparte superadded to this mineral and animal force, insight and generalization..as if the sea and land had taken flesh and begun to cipher.

1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 520/2 The study of the remaining elements and of their compounds constituting inorganic, or, as it is also termed, mineral chemistry.

1967 Amer. Mineralogist 52 1595 Department of Mineral Sciences, Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

1989 S. Holbeche Power Gems & Crystals ii. 27 Through the ages almost every ‘Wisdom Teaching’ or spiritual teaching contains information about the use and abuse of the mineral kingdom.

5. Originally: obtained or obtainable by mining. Now usually: of the nature of a mineral (mineral n. 2c, 4a).

ΚΠ

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 271 Vnder the name of minerall salt is comprehended the salts of all mettals [etc.].

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 175 By Experience..in any Place or Mine, a Man may be enabled to give a near Conjecture at the Metallick or Mineral Ingredients of any Mass commonly found there.

1712 R. Blackmore Creation iii. 134 Endless Store Of Min'ral Treasure and Metallic Oar.

1773 T. Percival Ess. Med. & Exper. II. 57 This celebrated spring abounds with a mineral spirit, or mephitic air, in which its stimulus, and indeed its efficacy resides.

1824 Ann. Philos. New Ser. 7 134 I propose to give the name of Bucklandite..to a mineral substance, the crystallographical characters of which I find to differ from any hitherto described.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 304 When the mineral ores lie in nearly vertical masses, it is [etc.].

1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 46/2 These coatings together make up about five per cent of the weight of the whole grain and consist principally of mineral matter and cellulose.

1950 L. E. Hawker Physiol. Fungi iii. 97 Fungi grow best in a ‘balanced medium’, that is, one containing the various mineral constituents in suitable proportions.

1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans ii. 35 They also give useful knowledge of mineral resources that can be used.

Compounds

C1.

† mineral candle n. Obsolete a candle made from natural paraffin wax.

ΚΠ

1871 Manufacturer & Builder July 148/2 We notice in the last number of Engineering an article on the manufacture of ‘ozokerit’, which is the name applied to the substance from which mineral candles are made.

1890 Cent. Dict. Mineral candle, a kind of candle made from a semi-fluid naphtha obtained from wells sunk in the neighbourhood of the Irrawaddy river in Burma.

† mineral caoutchouc n. Obsolete = elaterite n.

ΚΠ

1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 230/2 Mineral caoutchouc.

1856 Sci. Amer. 25 Oct. 53/2 ‘Elastic bitumen’ is of a brown color, and erases pencil marks like india rubber, hence it is called mineral caoutchouc.

1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 3 July 2/2 This crude, impure variety of bitumen, first discovered on the shores of the naphtha-lakes of the East, is now known as mineral caoutchouc.

1896 Science 5 June 832/1 The nearest neighbor [to Uintaite] is the Mineral Caoutchouc, Elaterite, or Wurtzilite.

† mineral chameleon n. Obsolete = chameleon n. 5.

ΚΠ

1803 F. Accum Syst. Theoret. & Pract. Chem. II. xliii. 49 This property [of changing colour when dissolved in water]..has acquired to the compound [of manganese] the name of mineral cameleon.

1807 A. Aikin & C. R. Aikin Dict. Chem. & Mineral. II. Index 579/2 Chameleon, mineral.

1874 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 264/2 The black oxid of manganese..is largely used..for making the permanganate of potash or mineral chameleon, a most powerful disinfectant.

mineral charcoal n. now historical = fusain n. 2.

ΚΠ

1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 401 Mineral Charcoal.

1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 34 Soft mineral charcoal or ‘mother-of-coal’.

1911 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 50 55 The woody portions of the stems have been dispersed as fusain (mineral charcoal).

1958 Jrnl. Ecol. 46 447 Such fragments are often abundant and were once called ‘mineral charcoal’ or ‘mother of coal’, but Stopes introduced the French word ‘fusain’ in her work on coal petrology.

† mineral cotton n. Obsolete = mineral wool n.

ΚΠ

1872 Harper's Mag. Apr. 784/2 The color of the substance being white, the appearance of a compacted mass of it makes the name of mineral cotton, under which it has been described, a very appropriate one.

1889 Harper's Mag. July 263/2 Recently a mineral cotton has been made from the slag refuse of iron smelting.

† mineral crystal n. Obsolete rare a mixture of oxidized saltpetre and powdered sulphur.

ΚΠ

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Mineral Crystal (among Chymists), a Composition of Salt-peter well putrify'd, and Flower of Brimstone.

mineral fibre n. a fibre composed of a mineral substance; a material composed of such fibres matted together, used esp. for insulation.

ΚΠ

1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 83/2 A pure mineral fibre manufactured from blast slag.

1977 Lancet 9 July 80/2 The Duluth water supply contained mineral fibres resembling asbestos.

1991 Constr. Weekly 27 Mar. 22/4 Each panel consists of high-density mineral fibre insulation sandwiched between smooth or slightly profiled steel sheet.

mineral jelly n. a solid lubricant of gelatinous consistency and inorganic (i.e. non-biological) composition; spec. petroleum jelly.

ΚΠ

1882 A. H. Allen Comm. Org. Anal. II. 26 Vaselene [sic], or Mineral Jelly.

1906 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 206 454 (table) The composition of the six explosives was approximately as follows:—Mark I cordite..Nitroglycerine..Nitrocellulose..Mineral jelly.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. i. 10 Towards the end, fractions are obtained which solidify partially or wholly on cooling and are sold under the names of mineral jelly and paraffin wax.

1995 Chem. Marketing Reporter 13 Mar. 10/3 The price for USP and technical petrolatums, mineral jellies, trough greases and ointment bases will increase 1 cent per pound in bulk.

mineral pitch n. = asphalt n. 1.

ΚΠ

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 45 Mineral Pitch, Asphaltum. Mineral Tar exposed to a moderate heat, and the action of the air, hardens into this substance.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 482/2 At Selinitza..there is a remarkable deposit of mineral pitch which was extensively worked in Roman times.

1991 Offshore Oct. 68/2 (table) Drilling fluids product directory... Loss circulation, sealing materials... Mineral pitch drilling sealant.

mineral soil n. soil, or a soil, which has a low proportion of organic material.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > mineral soil

mineral soil1759

1759 A. Butler Lives Saints IV. 134 They seem either petrifactions or sports of nature in uncommon chrystallizations in a mineral soil.

1924 F. E. Bear Soil Managem. iv. 26 The tendency of mineral soils to be similar in chemical composition, irrespective of their source of origin, is very nicely shown in the following table.

1991 Westcoast Logger July 14/1 The hooker must also clear the brush from around the stump and dig down to mineral soil.

mineral solution n. a solution of a mineral substance, (formerly spec.) †a solution of potassium arsenate (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1847 Sci. Amer. 11 Sept. 406/2 Discolorations, caused either by the infiltration of a mineral solution between the laminæ, or by [etc.].

1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Mineral solution, arsenical liquor, or liquor potassæ arsenitis.

1897 Overland Monthly Feb. 196 One or both of the wall rocks was highly silicified from the arising mineral solutions.

1992 Food Entertaining Summer 46/3 Although competitors ensure they are fully hydrated before an event, sugar, salt, and mineral solutions are taken freely en route to help regulate the system.

mineral spirits n. now chiefly North American (with singular or plural agreement) = white spirit n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1f.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils

oil of amber1559

neftec1575

light oil1761

white oil1763

white spirit1832

eupione1838

gas oil1839

heavy oil1849

petroleum ether1851

asboline1863

hydrocarbon oil1864

solar oil1864

mineral spirits1875

blown oil1887

phenoloid1900

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 400 Sponge lamps have been suggested to use mineral spirits either as portable gas for illuminants or a quick and ready heating-power.

1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 133/1 After jettisoning the weight, depth control of the buoy is accomplished by the alternate valving to sea of perchloroethylene and mineral spirits.

1999 Arizona Republic (Electronic ed.) 23 Oct. Mineral spirits paint thinner on a rag will dissolve the wax without harming the finish.

† mineral tallow n. Obsolete = mineral wax n.

ΚΠ

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 47 Mineral Tallow. Its colour is white, its consistence that of Tallow, it feels greasy and stains paper.

1881 Pop. Educ. 6 50 Mineral tallow or hatchetine is the lightest of the known minerals, its specific gravity being 0.6078.

mineral tar n. now rare = maltha n. 2.

ΚΠ

1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 44 Mineral Tar, Barbadoes Tar. This is Petrol still further altered by exposure to the air.

1847 in Utah Genealogical & Hist. Mag. (1926) 17 122 About 1½ miles south we discovered a mineral tar spring.

1869 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1865–8 10 455 Maltha, or mineral tar,..is more nearly allied to tar..than to oil.

1894 Manufacturer & Builder Jan. 15/3 This mineral tar is intermediate between the light-bodied oils and the solid asphaltum.

1958 Econ. Jrnl. 68 314 (table) Mineral tar and related crude chemicals.

1978 Science 22 Sept. 1080/2 Syrian asphalt, which is also known as bitumen of Judea, is a naturally occurring mineral tar of high molecular weight.

mineral teeth n. now historical artificial teeth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture

ratelier1812

plate1845

mineral teeth1851

denture1874

tooth-plate1880

teeth-plate1897

gnasher1919

snapper1924

chopper1937

1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 220 Mineral Teeth. One factory.

1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) 230 Manufacturers of Mineral Teeth and every Dental Requisite.

1966 J. M. Campbell Catal. Menzies Campbell Coll. 59 In 1808, Giuseppangelo Fonzi (1768–1840) invented individual ‘terro-metallic’ (mineral) teeth with small platinum hooks which were embedded in the paste, prior to the baking process.

mineral wax n. now rare a natural paraffin wax, such as ozokerite or hatchettite.

ΚΠ

1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Mineral wax.

1872 Manufacturer & Builder Apr. 83/1 Organisms from bygone ages..of which the remnants are now found buried as coal, petroleum, asphaltum, amber, honey-stone, mineral wax, maltha, etc.

1958 Jrnl. Ecol. 46 339 Dr Prince and his colleagues did manage to develop a technique of constructing a sterile dam of mineral wax across the middle of each plate.

mineral wool n. a fine matted fibrous substance made from inorganic material, used for packing, insulation, etc.

ΚΠ

1870 A. A. Player & H. McAllister U.S. Patent 103,650 1/1 Be it known that John Player..was in his lifetime the inventor or discoverer of a..method of producing what he designated as vitreous fiber or mineral-wool from the slag of blast-furnaces.

1938 Amer. Home Oct. 106/3 (advt.) Without building alterations, you can have a thick lining of this fireproof mineral wool blown into walls and attic.

1988 Daily Mail DIY Home Interiors 30/1 One of the most popular ways of insulating a roof is using mineral wool insulating blanket which comes in rolls to fit between the joists.

C2. In the names of pigments and colours.

mineral black n. a black pigment made from graphite or slate.

ΚΠ

1850 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. iii. 287/2 Mineral black.

1949 A. E. Hurst Painting & Decorating viii. 60 Natural black pigments are known variously as mineral black or black chalk, black oxides of iron, ilmenite black..and graphite or black lead.

mineral blue n. a form of Prussian blue, made lighter by the addition of alumina.

ΚΠ

1847 Sci. Amer. 2 336/2 It may be here remarked..that mineral blue, makes a more perfect imitation of the sky than any other.

1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i. 47/3 Mineral-blue, a term sometimes applied to a mixture of Prussian blue and gypsum.

1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 35 There is the mineral blue of a cartoon criminal's jaw, needing a shave.

mineral brown n. a brown pigment coloured by iron oxide.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments

brown1549

umberc1568

castory1590

wood-colour1622

burnt umbera1650

Cologne earth1658

Spanish brown1660

raw umber1702

bistre1728

Siena1787

raw sienna1797

Terra Siennaa1817

sepia1821

brown ochre1823

bone brown1831

indigo-brown1838

mummy1854

Cassel brown1860

Prussian brown1860

mineral brown1869

Cappagh brown1875

Verona brown1889

1869 T. W. Salter Field's Chromatogr. (new ed.) xvii. 342 Under the names of Euchrome and Mineral Brown, they [sc. Cappah browns] have been introduced into commerce for civil and marine painting.

1930 A. Maerz & M. R. Paul Dict. Color 167/1 Mineral brown, this name, or its synonym, Metallic Brown, is occasionally found given to specific colors in paints. It has..long been used to refer to any native earth colored by iron oxide, etc.

mineral green n. copper arsenite (also called Scheele's green).

ΚΠ

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 382 If to this sulphate of copper be added a solution of arseniate of potass, a beautiful green precipitate is formed, called Scheele's green, or mineral green.

1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 218 When to a solution of sulphate of copper a solution of carbonate of potash is added, it gives a blue precipitate, which on boiling assumes a green tint; it..is known in commerce as mineral green.

1991 Artist Nov. 27/1 The watercolour pencils..were chosen as very rough approximations to the colours I could see... They were bottle green, mineral green [etc.].

mineral grey n. a pale blue-grey pigment obtained in the process of making ultramarine from lapis lazuli.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > grey pigment > [noun] > specific

French grey1564

Payne's grey1832

mineral grey1869

zinc-grey1881

charcoal grey1907

1869 T. W. Salter Field's Chromatogr. (new ed.) xix. 375 Mineral gray..is obtainable from the lapis lazuli, after the blue and ash have been worked out.

1958 M. L. Wolf Dict. Painting 179 A substance known as gangue (vein-stone) is often offered as mineral gray, but it is not a successful substitute.

mineral lake n. a pink pigment made by precipitating tin chromate on to glass.

ΚΠ

1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Mineral lake, a pink pigment consisting of a glass colored with tin chromate.

1971 Colour Index (ed. 3) V. 5588 (table) Mineral Lake... Pigment.

mineral purple n. (a) a dark red pigment containing iron oxide; (b) = purple of Cassius n. at Cassius n.

ΚΠ

1850 G. Field Painters' Art 79 Purple Ochre, Or Mineral Purple, is a dark ochre, native of the Forest of Dean.

1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i. 48/1 Mineral-purple, a preparation of gold and tin used for colouring glass and porcelain. Called also the Purple of Cassius.

1976 K. L. Kelly & D. B. Judd Color 126/2 Mineral purple (same as India Red).

mineral violet n. = manganese violet n. at manganese n. Compounds 2; (also in later use) a violet variety of ultramarine blue (see ultramarine adj. 3a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun]

turnsole1375

cork1483

jarecork1483

orchil1483

purple1519

purpurisse1519

archil1551

waycoriant1658

orchilla1703

cudbear1772

purple lake1785

imperial purple1788

mauve?1796

phenicin1823

French purple1830

indigo-purple1838

mauve1859

Perkin's mauve1859

violine1859

mauveine1863

purple of Cassiusc1865

tyroline1867

Paris violet1868

Hofmann violet1869

methyl violet1873

punicin1879

crystal violet1885

chrome violet1892

mineral violet1913

Monastral1936

manganese purple1937

1913 B. Brown Painter's Palette iv. 21 Taking these paints..and making them..account for themselves in the matter of value, we find that their values fall on the value-scale thus:..O.—Burnt Sienna. Rose Madder. Mineral Violet.

1934 H. Hiler Notes Technique Painting ii. 132 Mineral violet (manganous metaphosphate).

1958 M. L. Wolf Dict. Painting 170 Manganese pigments... The violets are particularly varied, some of the shades including mineral-, permanent-, and Nuernberger violet.

mineral white n. any of several mineral salts used as a white pigment, esp. barium sulphate (permanent white) and calcium sulphate (gypsum).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint

white leadlOE

whitea1300

blank plumbc1325

cerusec1405

white earth1448

Spanish white1546

litharge1551

mineral white1651

flake-white1660

Vienna white1816

permanent white1822

zinc white1847

constant white1854

Krems1854

Cremnitz1874

silver-white1875

lithoponea1884

baryta white1885

Charlton white1885

titanium white1920

1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces 267 What I pray is in less esteem in the world then old Iron and Lead? which are acceptable to the wise to use in the Lotion of Copper and tin with the mineral white.

1869 Sci. Amer. 21 187 Starch is sometimes adulterated with mineral substances, as gypsum, sulphate of baryta, or mineral white.

1875 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 93/2 White Pigments..Mineral white.—Precipitated carbonate of lead.

1928 N. Heaton Outlines Paint Technol. v. 101 (heading) Mineral Whites.

mineral yellow n. any of various inorganic yellow pigments, esp. a lead oxychloride.

ΚΠ

1844 R. D. Hoblyn Dict. Terms Med. & Collateral Sci. (ed. 2) Mineral Yellow, Patent Yellow, a pigment consisting of chloride and protoxide of lead.

1886 H. C. Standage Artists' Man. Pigments iv. 46 Turner Yellow, Cassel Yellow,..Mineral Yellow.

1976 K. L. Kelly & D. B. Judd Color 126/2 Mineral Yellow (same as Yellow Ochre).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mineral
释义	mineraln. Brit. /ˈmɪn(ə)rəl/, /ˈmɪn(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈmɪn(ə)r(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English–1600s minerall, Middle English–1600s myneral, Middle English–1600s mynerall, Middle English– mineral, late Middle English 1600s minerale, 1500s mynoralle, 1600s min'ral, 1600s minrall; Scottish pre-1700 maneriall, pre-1700 manerialle, pre-1700 minerall, pre-1700 minorale, pre-1700 minorall, pre-1700 mynerale, pre-1700 mynerall, pre-1700 myneriall, pre-1700 mynorall, pre-1700 mynrall, 1700s– mineral. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin minerale, mineralis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin minerale (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), use as noun of neuter singular of mineralis mineral adj. Compare Spanish mineral (c1250), Middle French mineral (1538; French minéral), Italian minerale (1561), Portuguese mineral (17th cent. in form minaral); also Dutch mineraal (1642 as minerael), German Mineral (16th cent.; plural Mineralien), Norwegian mineral, Swedish mineral (1607), Danish mineral.In sense 3 in allusion to the Liber Mineralium (or De Mineralibus) of Albertus Magnus (c1200–80). With sense 5 compare Paracelsus' use of post-classical Latin mineralia to denote medico-chemical remedies. †1. Alchemy. According to certain writers: that variety of the philosophers' stone which was responsible for the purification of metals, esp. in orebodies. Cf. mineral adj. 2. Obsolete.This variety of the philosophers' stone was called more fully lapis mineralis, the others being lapis animalis and lapis vegetabilis (cf. vegetable stone n. at vegetable adj. Compounds 2).Quot. 1612 may be a more general allusion to sense 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > chemical digestion > philosophers' stone stone1390 minerala1393 ferment1471 egg of philosophersc1484 adropa1550 philosophical stone1581 angelical stone1586 philosophers' stone1590 philosophers' work1612 philosophic stone1647 water stone of the wise men1649 lapis1666 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2552 The thridde Ston in special Be name is cleped Minerall, Which the metalls of every Mine Attempreth. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. 2559 This Mineral..Transformeth al the ferste kynde And makth hem able..to receive..Of gold and selver the nature. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B^v All your Alchemye, and your Algebra, Your Mineralls, Vegetalls, and Animalls. View more context for this quotation 1652 (?1476) Ripley's Pref. to Medulla in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Brit. 389 The first of these I you assure, Right hurtful is for Man to tast... And named is the Minerall. 2. a. A naturally occurring substance of neither animal nor vegetable origin; an inorganic substance. (Not now in technical use.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > mineral substance mineral?a1425 body1594 fossil1606 mineraloid1913 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] mineral?a1425 minery1561 mining1776 mine working1826 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] mineral?a1425 metallurgy1665 metalworking1855 metallotechny1881 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 179 (MED) Sulphur is a minerale..subtiliatyue and attractyue. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 376 (MED) And man with birdys & bestis lyue in Ayere, But stone & mynerallis vnder erth repaire. a1550 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Bodl. e Mus.) f. 56 (MED) Mineralls be nourisshid by mynistracione Of moistures radicall. 1602 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xiii. lxxvi. 316 Vigitiues, as trees, fruits, herbes, and such: Dead-Beings too, as Mynerales. 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. E7^v As for Minerals, they are bodies perfectly mixt; inanimate, not having sense or motion. 1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) iv. i. 261 [Water] is the only Catholick Nourishment of all Vegetables, Animals, and Minerals. 1869 Cosmopolitan 19 Aug. 314 The mineral vegetablises itself, the vegetable animalises itself. 1992 Harrowsmith Feb. 88/1 Vegetables that eat animals and minerals; carnivorous houseplants that do more than just sit there. b. A substance obtained by mining; a product of the depths of the earth, esp. one other than a native metal. Also in Mining: an ore. Also figurative.In some modern contexts not distinguishable from sense 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] oreOE metala1387 minea1425 mineralc1500 vein1601 spelter1661 ram1683 virgin ore1758 rock1830 manganomelane1934 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > ore > [noun] oreOE mineralc1500 c1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Isopes Fabules (Trin. Cambr.) 24 in Minor Poems (1934) ii. 567 (MED) Who þat myneþ downe lowe in þe grounde, Of gold & syluer groweþ þe mynerall. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 288 Some dig for mettalls and mineralls to erect stately buildinges. 1598 F. Rous Thule ii. sig. Q 4 He sees where death with greedie spade, Meanes vp to dig the minerals of his hart. c1615 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers vi. §16 The minerals of the kingdom, of lead, iron, copper, and tin,..are of great value. 1634 W. Habington Castara i. 15 In a darke cave..It doth like a rich minerall lie. 1658 W. Chamberlayne Loves Victory iv. 68 Zan. You've heard what royal mineral let flie this damp. Arr. Our Soveraign's lost. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 517 Part hidd'n veins diggd up..of Mineral and Stone. View more context for this quotation 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 174 Nor do Metalls only sort and herd with Metalls in the Earth: and Minerals with Minerals. 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Minerals, are hard Bodies dug out of the Earth or Mines, (whence the Name) being in part of a Metalline, and in part of a Stony Substance. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 7 As one to Music, another to working in and finding out Metals and Minerals in the Earth. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 235/2 By this plan the ore or mineral is divided into more convenient masses for extraction. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xvi. 105 With special provisions as to minerals and the interests therein of remainder-men. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 156 Mineral, in miners' parlance, ore. 1948 A. Paton Cry, Beloved Country i. xii. 80 Where blacks can farm their own land and mine their own minerals and administer their own laws. 1987 Stock & Land (Melbourne) 25 June 27/1 Included in the submission were calls that minerals in the ground should belong to the landowner, not the crown. c. Science. A solid, naturally occurring, usually inorganic substance with a definite chemical composition and characteristic physical structure and properties (such as crystalline form). Cf. mineraloid n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] > a mineral mineral1813 ite1906 1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. Pref. p. xii The number of simple minerals which form rocks and strata is small. 1823 H. J. Brooke Familiar Introd. Crystallogr. 80 Cleavage alone cannot be relied on for determining the primary form of a mineral. 1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius x. 290 The three minerals have nearly the same crystallographic angles. 1923 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 750. 16 Ilsemannite, like wulfennite, is probably formed from some unknown mineral, perhaps a sulphide. 1929 G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky i. v. 66 The meteoric minerals found rarely, if ever, in terrestrial rocks are the various alloys of iron and nickel known as kamacite, taenite, and plessite; [etc.]. 1956 Nature 10 Mar. 462/2 The purification of the mineral by the Bayer process. 1980 Science 211 1126/2 The distribution of biogenic minerals between the five kingdoms shows that 25 are synthesized by animals, 11 by protoctists, 8 by monerans, 7 by vascular plants, and 4 by fungi. 1994 Museums Jrnl. Oct. 24/1 We looked for a geologist to curate the museum's collection of rocks, fossils and minerals. d. Biology and Medicine. Any of the chemical elements required by living organisms that are or can be obtained as inorganic compounds (other than water or molecular oxygen), i.e. those other than hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and (sometimes) sulphur. Also: a mineral salt or other inorganic compound that is a source of such elements. ΚΠ 1871 Proc. Royal Soc. 1870–71 19 468 Crystalloid minerals are displaced by physical diffusion in search of the plants they are to nourish. 1898 Science 14 Jan. 47/1 In respect of the mineral food of plants it may be said that it appears to be of two kinds: First, the minerals which are essential, such as phosphoric acid, potash, lime and magnesia. 1915 Jrnl. Agric. Res. 5 533 An examination of the..maximum percentages of the minerals in the sap..shows the largest variations. 1930 M. A. Perry Dietetics & Nutrition vii. 72 Minerals serve as regulators of vital body processes. 1938 E. C. Miller Plant Physiol. (ed. 2) vi. 372 In the case of the potato tuber, the young stem removed only about 50 per cent of the minerals stored in the fresh tuber. 1947 M. Ginem Mod. Encycl. Cooking 17 It is possible for normal individuals..to get an adequate amount of all the vitamins and minerals in a well-balanced diet. 1985 M. Hills Curing Arthritis iii. 26 Honey is packed with natural vitamins, minerals and trace elements. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xx. 1153 The photosynthetic and absorptive cells must cross-feed each other, in addition to supplying other regions of the plant with both the organic compounds and minerals for biosynthesis. †3. In plural. The branch of knowledge dealing with minerals. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun] mineralsa1500 mineralogy1671 oryctography1753 fossilogy1776 oryctognosy1801 oryctology1804 oryctics1888 rockhounding1949 a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1632 (MED) Of this erth shewith Alberte, oure grete brodire, In his Minerals, whiche litarge is better than odire. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. A4^v He that is grounded in Astrologie, Inricht with tongues well seene in minerals, Hath all the principles Magicke doth require. †4. a. Originally Scottish. A mine; a mining or metallurgical works. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] minea1393 work1474 mineral?a1500 minery1567 balc1600 groove1666 bargh1693 winning1708 working1708 wheal1830 show1898 a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Trial of Fox l. 1097 in Poems (1981) 45 Richt as the mynour in his minorall Fair gold with fyre may fra the leid weill wyn. 1567–8 in R. W. Cochran-Patrick Early Rec. Mining Scotl. (1878) 13 The dekay of myndis and mynerallis of gold and silver within this realme. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) 171 By the same steppes you came to beggerie, returne till you come to your mineral of riches, & when you amend, I will chaung my mind. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. vi. i. 87 Shall it not be a wild-figg in a wall Or fired Brimstone in a Minerall? 1663 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1820) VII. 525/1 Libertie to search out, worke & vse all and sindrie mynes and other mineralls within the paroche of Sidweik & Cowane. b. The industry or art of mining. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) Ep. sig. A2 It is the manner..of such as seek profit by Minerall, first to set men on woorke to digge and gather the Owre: Then [etc.]. †5. A medicine or poison containing inorganic substances. Also figurative. Cf. ethiops mineral n. at ethiops n. 2 Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > mineral poison mineral1563 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > mineral medicine > [noun] mineral1563 1563 T. Gale Certaine Wks. Chirurg. iv. ii. f. 54 Make all these mynoralles in fyne pouder and mixe with the Oyle. 1588 R. Greene Perimedes sig. Biii^v Our late Phisitions haue found out a singular minerall, called Hope, applie this to your stomack as a soueraine simple against disquiet & feare. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) i. ii. 75 That thou hast practis'd on her with foule Charmes, Abus'd her delicate Youth, with Drugs or Minerals. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. vi. 50 She did confesse she had For you a mortall Minerall . View more context for this quotation a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Sea Voy. v. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ccccc/1 [Famine] as the wise man says, Gripes the guts as much as any Minerall. 1654 Trag. Alphonsus iv. 49 [They] Gave me a mineral not to be digested, Which burning eats, and eating burns my heart. 1671 R. Bohun Disc. Wind 132 Herbs or mineralls, with Virulent, and Deleterious Qualities. 1730 W. Burdon Gentleman's Pocket-farrier 40 Sweet Oil a Spoonful, Æthiops Mineral an Ounce. 6. = mineral water n. Frequently in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > water > [noun] > mineral water mineral water?a1425 mineral1785 1785 R. Hunter Jrnl. in Quebec to Carolina (1943) (modernized text) 166 About a mile from this place are some famous minerals, which gentlemen come from Philadelphia and New York to drink. 1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) p. xv We are out of minerals. Kindly send us..one gross of seltzer, one gross of soda. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 569 They might hit upon some drinkables in the shape of a milk and soda or a mineral. 1927 Glasgow Herald 15 Apr. 11 There will be..supper with ale and minerals at Osborne's Hotel. 1991 ‘W. Trevor’ Reading Turgenev vii, in Two Lives (1992) 63 He hadn't drunk whiskey since the night of his honeymoon; last Christmas he'd had a mineral as usual. Compounds C1. a. mineral aggregate n. ΚΠ 1849 J. D. Dana Man. Mineral. (ed. 2) i. 15 The different spars, gems, and ores are minerals, while granite rock, slate, clay and the like, are mineral aggregates. 1903 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 9 102 The mineral aggregates seem to have a distribution as incoherent as the formations themselves. 1987 National Geographic Mag. Sept. 290/2 There are actually two chemically distinct materials that the world legally accepts as jade... Both are technically rocks, since they are mineral aggregates. mineral collector n. ΚΠ 1788 R. Twining Let. 22 Sept. in Sel. Papers Twining Family (1887) 184 I am..to procure for Prince Augustus, who is a young mineral collector, a specimen of tin ore from Cornwall. 1914 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 187 263 R. M. Wilke..as a mineral collector and dealer has done much to advance the science of mineralogy. 2000 Lapidary Jrnl. June 37/1 Of interest to mineral collectors were..quartz specimens from two new sources. mineral dealer n. ΚΠ 1856 Sci. Amer. 6 Dec. 98/4 He..went to a mineral dealer, and offered him the precious stone for sale. 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 57 This is generally sold by the mineral dealers. mineral deposit n. ΚΠ 1842 J. Fletcher in Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 5 225 Removing the mineral deposit from its resting-place underneath insecure strata. 1929 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 23 48 A mineral deposit of this nature belongs to the sovereign or the state. 1994 Nature 13 Jan. 115/2 The ashy sediment was apparently created by a hydrovolcanic explosion that fragmented glassy basalt and a hydrothermal mineral deposit. mineral train n. ΚΠ 1876 Appletons' Jrnl. 20 May 662/1 The puff of the locomotive attached to the mineral-train is still audible. 1894 Ld. Tweedmouth in Daily News 5 Oct. 5/6 Our express had a short distance to the north of Northallerton run into a mineral train. 1929 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 92 112 It costs 3s. 6d. to stop and start a passenger train, 5s. 6d. to stop and start a heavy mineral train. mineral workings n. ΚΠ 1850 Westm. Rev. 53 142 The chief production of San Salvador has been indigo; but..the mineral workings have been considerable. 1880 Harper's Mag. Apr. 668/2 Another thing that the Indians did was to cover up all the old mineral workings. 1973 C. Callow Power from Sea vi. 133 The Government has backed this up with its own Mineral Workings (Off-shore Installations) Act of 1971. This Act calls for a safety manager on drilling platforms and the keeping of log books. b. mineral-bearing adj. ΚΠ 1850 Jrnl. Constit. Conv. State Mich. Document No. 7. 6 It was desirable to possess chartered privileges, to invite capital from abroad in aid of digging copper and iron out of the mineral bearing rocks of Lake Superior. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 174 The croppings of a heavy mineral-bearing lode are clearly traceable. 1987 Science 29 May 1125 All support the classic view of A. V. Kazakov that upwelling is and probably was the primary source of mineral-bearing waters. mineral-producing adj. ΚΠ 1876 H. T. Williams Pacific Tourist 113/2 The history of rich mineral-producing regions is that the metals are usually..brought to the fuel instead of carrying the fuel to the metal. 1988–9 Polit. Sci. Q. 103 143 Mineral-producing nations formed cartels for copper, bauxite, and iron, raising fears of confrontations like those actually experienced with the oil-exporting countries. mineral-rich adj. ΚΠ 1933 Jrnl. Ecol. 21 327 It would appear from this that E[riophorum] angustifolium..cannot stand a mineral or nitrogen-rich soil. 1967 Times 28 Feb. (Canada Suppl.) 36 Canada's mineral-rich northland. 1993 Options Aug. 79/1 Companies such as Thalgo and Lacoste have updated mineral-rich seaweed treatments with thalassotherapy. C2. mineral dresser n. a person or machine employed in mineral dressing. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geology > mineralogy > [noun] > apparatus mineral dresser1876 Jolly1882 meldometer1885 streak plate1895 1876 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 22 188/1 Canfield's Mineral Dresser... At the Dover meeting of the Institute, Mr. F. A. Canfield showed some of the members a machine which he had invented for dressing mineralogical and geological specimens. 1957 Sci. News 46 35 This upgrading [of ores] is the work done by the mineral dresser. mineral dressing n. treatment of ore so as to remove gangue and concentrate the valuable constituents (cf. ore-dressing n. and adj. at ore n.² Compounds 2a). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [noun] > excavating or dressing ore > dressing ore puddlingc1585 vanning1671 jigging1778 ore-dressing1837 mineral dressing1931 1931 Columbia Univ. Bull. School Engin. 11 July 7 Arthur F. Taggart..Professor of Mineral Dressing [formerly, Ore Dressing]. 1939 A. M. Gaudin Princ. Mineral Dressing i. 1 Mineral dressing is commonly regarded as the processing of raw minerals to yield marketable products and waste by means that do not destroy the physical and chemical identity of the minerals. 1957 Sci. News 46 37 The methods of mineral dressing most in use before World War I were limited to gravitation in pulsing or streaming currents of water.., the use of magnets on ferro-magnetic ores, and such hydro-metallic processes as the cyanidation of gold and the leaching of copper. 1990 Minerals Engin. 3 12 For heterogeneous ores..the behaviour of mineral components of an ore was size dependent in nearly every operation encountered in mineral dressing. mineral map n. †(a) a map showing the nature and location of the various soil and rock types of a region (obsolete); (b) a map showing the distribution of (economically important) minerals in a region. ΚΠ 1684 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 14 739 It were advisable, that a Soil or Mineral Map, as I may call it, were devised. 1876 (title) Mineral map and general statistics of New South Wales. 1938 Pacific Affairs 11 385 There follows the material setting in which man lives:..maps of volcanoes and seismic regions, geological and minerals maps, maps of atmospheric presure, [etc.]. 1977 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 71 715 Analysis of geological and mineral maps does not require the same level of expertise demanded for interpretation of data acquired by remote sensing techniques. mineral right n. the right to extract minerals from beneath a piece of land (now usually in plural); the land over which this right is held; the document conveying this right. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [noun] > right to remove minerals oredelf1579 mineral right1839 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 237/2 Certain stipulations are then entered into between the company and the proprietor of the land in which the vein or deposit is situated, or should the mineral right not belong to him, with [etc.]. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 156 Mineral right, the ownership of the minerals under a given surface, with the right to enter thereon, mine, and remove them. 1957 W. M. Hailey Afr. Surv. (rev. ed.) xxii. 1520 In South Africa ownership of the land is..held to comprise all values in the land including mineral rights. 1984 J. Phillips Machine Dreams 26 Later the mineral rights were sold as well. mineral rod n. U.S. (now historical) a divining rod for finding mineral veins or precious metals. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > instrument for detection > [noun] > divining rod divining-wand1656 dowsing-rod1692 divining-stick1712 divining-rod1751 mineral rod1797 doodlebug1924 the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > detection of radiation > detecting subterraneous springs, etc. > rhabdomancy > divining-rod rod1617 Moses' rod1646 divining-wand1656 virgula divina or divinatoria1656 Mosaical roda1681 dowsing-rod1692 divining-stick1712 waggers1747 divining-rod1751 mineral rod1797 fork1886 1797 R. T. Paine, Jr. Ruling Passion 16 He points his mineral rod, Limps to the spot, and turns the well-known sod. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. 101 The mysteries of the mineral-rods are many. 1849 T. L. Clingman in C. Lanman Lett. from Alleghany Mts. 187 Travelling about the country under the guidance of mineral rods or dreams in search of mines. 1931 J. F. Dobie Coronado's Children 107 They possessed a ‘gold monkey’—a mineral rod..it oscillated towards the west and made two locations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). mineraladj. Brit. /ˈmɪn(ə)rəl/, /ˈmɪn(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈmɪn(ə)r(ə)l/ Forms: late Middle English minerale, late Middle English myneral, late Middle English–1500s mineralle, late Middle English– mineral, 1500s minorall, 1500s–1600s minerall, 1500s–1600s mynerall, 1600s minnerall, 1700s min'ral. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mineralis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin mineralis (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources; earliest in virtus mineralis mineral virtue: see sense 2; 1577 in sense ‘of or at a mine’) < minera mineral (see minera n.) + -alis -al suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French minéral relating to minerals, containing minerals (1516; late 13th cent. in Old French in an isolated attestation; 1557 in an alchemical text, 1679 in sense 1 in phrase eau minérale ), Spanish mineral (1254), Old Occitan meneral , mineral (14th cent.), Catalan mineral (1460), Italian minerale (a1502 in sense 1 in phrase acqua minerale ), Portuguese mineral (1813); also Dutch mineraal (1691 in sense 1 in phrase mineraal water ), German mineralisch (16th cent.), Norwegian mineralsk , Swedish mineral (1690), Danish mineralsk . Compare earlier mineral n.: some uses of the adjective may arise from attributive uses of the noun. 1. Of water, a spring, etc.: impregnated with minerals; containing a high proportion of mineral salts; esp. in mineral spring, mineral water n. Formerly (also): (of the colour of river water) †indicative of such a content (obsolete). In recent use also (with reference to wine): having a taste suggestive of such a content. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > [adjective] > mineral impregnation mineral?a1425 minerous1612 mineraline1674 mineralized1785 mineralizing1890 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 33 After Arnolde vse of minerale waters [L. aquarum mineralium], most of tartarie sapour, noȝt only availeþ for to attenue or make þyn inward bocia bot also vtward. 1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 9, in 2nd Pt. Herball Thys minorall water is cleare..and springeth out of sande. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 57 Two Riuers, Acheron and Cocytus; who for their minerall colours, and bitter tasts, were surnamed the Riuers of Hell. 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 359 A kind of ocre..falls to the bottom of the chanels of all..mineral springs, whether sowes or others. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 60 We travelled..to the Spaw... The Medicinal Waters..seemed to me more brisk and sprightly, and better sated with Mineral Juices than any I have tasted in England. 1783 S. Tenney Let. 1 Sept. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. (1793) 2 43 I mentioned some mineral springs in the vicinity of this place. 1787 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 78 187 About two leagues to the east of this mass, I discovered a brackish mineral spring. 1834 T. Wentworth West India Sketch Bk. II. 139 Invalids, many of whom come..for the..mineral baths. 1843 W. W. Mather et al. Geol. N.Y. iv. 308 In this district the only mineral springs of interest are the salines, the sulphur springs, [etc.]. 1911 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 22 Apr. 1/4 Craig..was probably fatally shot by a burglar late tonight in his room at a mineral springs resort. 1987 R. Carver Elephant (1988) 114 Russians had been going there for years to soak in the hot mineral baths. †2. Alchemy. Designating or possessing a property supposedly inherent in certain inorganic substances, by which it was thought that they might develop through stages of increasing refinement into metals; esp. in mineral virtue. Cf. minera n. Obsolete.In quot. c1450 referring to a variety of the philosophers' stone: see mineral n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical properties > [noun] > mineral virtue mineral virtuec1450 the world > the earth > minerals > [adjective] mineral1581 miny1611 mineralic1744 c1450 J. Lydgate Secrees (Sloane 2464) 531 (MED) It cordith wel to serche Out scrypture, Misteryes hyd..of stoonys, Specially of three—Oon myneral, Anothir vegetatyff..Ther was Oon was Callyd Anymal. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 394 For cause efficient of metals fynd ye shalle Only the vertu Mineralle, which in euery erth is not fownde. 1580 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Short Disc. Chirurg. Mii^v This is the stone that the Philosophers have so long sought to fixe their medicine mynerall. 1581 in Trans. Jewish Hist. Soc. Eng. (1903) 4 98 The v^th corruption [of copper ore] is Calcator, beinge the mother or corpus of vitriall, and a mynerall substance. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum 478 The ground is glassie and bright, & by minerall vertue turneth into stone. 1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 22 By an example which we shall bring from the animal seed, it will appear, in what manner the mineral virtue operates in stones. 3. a. Of or relating to mines or mining; devoted to or suitable for mining. Of a person: †skilled in mining (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective] mineral1535 metallic1649 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [adjective] > skilled in mining matters mineral1535 1535 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (rev. ed.) xvi. lxxxi. f. ccxxxv^v/2 The substance of leed is gendred..in mineral places. 1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. B3 Wee founde neere the water side the ground to be rockie, which by the triall of a minerall man, was founde to holde yron richly. 1592 J. Stow Annales 11 The saide Philosopher..in this land taught the knowledge of mynerall workes. c1600 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 18 It were not amiss that Minerall Artistes dyd strayne their skyll to make a more generall proofe by a more exacte searche. c1600 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Cornwall (1728) 70 The howse of Mr. Windesore, situate amonge the minerall hills. 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 13 Sir Francis Godolphin..entertained a Duch mynerall man. 1667 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 481 John Gill, a Man well experienced in Mineral affairs. 1672 R. Boyle Ess. Origine & Virtues Gems 31 As I have been inform'd, not only by some Mineral Writers of good credit, but also by eye witnesses. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Mineral Courts, certain peculiar Courts for regulating the Concerns of Lead-Mines, as Stannary-Courts are for Tin. 1744 in J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms (1998) 106/1 Joseph Waterhouse complains himself to this [Barmote] Court against John Gould..for not paying the sum of 16/4d being a Mineral debt due for him to pay at Lathkilldale Sough. 1811 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (rev. ed.) 634 New Spain is by far the richest mineral country in the world. 1889 Spectator 7 Dec. 800/2 A rich country..with limitless culturable or mineral land. 1994 Northern Miner 3 Oct. 3/4 These properties are now Exempt Mineral Land, with identified reserves and excellent potential for the development of additional fluorspar deposits. †b. figurative. Deeply buried; recondite. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1631 J. Donne Ess. Divinity (1651) 28 Nothing was too minerall, nor centrick for the search and reach of his wit. 4. a. Esp. of a substance: neither animal nor vegetable; not derived from or produced by a living thing; inorganic. Also figurative. Cf. mineral n. 2a.Formerly also as postmodifier: see ethiops mineral n. at ethiops n. 2, turpeth mineral n. at turpeth n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > absence of life or consciousness > [adjective] > inorganic mineral1559 minerable1562 inorganical1674 unorganic1775 inorganic1794 anorganic1880 the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [adjective] > inorganic mineral1559 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 291 Other diuers opinions of Philosophers in the drawing out of the elements out of minerall thinges, we shall declare. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 454 Men vpon a couetous mind would needs seeke for siluer, and not satisfied therwith, thought good withall to find out Minerall vermilion. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Ll3 Mineral Medicines haue beene extolled. View more context for this quotation 1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. iv, in Wks. I. 247 I haue an excellent mineral Fucus, for the purpose. View more context for this quotation 1669 W. Simpson Hydrologia Chymica 269 Water..by the spermatick efflorescence of a mineral seed becomes wrought into a mineral juyce. 1685 R. Boyle Exper. Disc. Salubr. Air 35 in Ess. Effects Motion Some Metalline ores, and some mineral earths themselves have been observ'd by Mineralogists. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 104 Other opinions, indeed, would fix it a solid mineral bitumen. 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 51 Mineral Carbon, impregnated with Bitumen. 1834 J. Forbes et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. III. 109/2 Of medicines, the vegetable tonics are scarcely so serviceable as the mineral. 1843 J. A. Smith Productive Farming (ed. 2) 139 Of Manures of Mineral Origin, or Fossil and Artificial or Chemical Manures. 1914 W. Owen Let. 6 Nov. (1967) 294 I secretly suspect your sisters of vegetating. Who shall blame 'em? The mineral state is perhaps the most preferable, after all. 1952 L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility i. 3 Soil is the mixture of mineral and organic material at the land surface of the earth that is capable of sustaining plant life. 1974 A. Huxley Plant & Planet vi. 44 Absorbing from the soil the essential water and soluble mineral foods. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans v. 153 They react with other substances quickly and form insoluble mineral solids in the sediments. 1991 O. Clarke Webster's Wine Guide 1992 44/2 This wine is in the top flight, having some of the mineral roughness of much Pomerol, but also tremendous perfume and length. b. Relating to, dealing with, or comprising inorganic substances. Frequently in mineral kingdom (kingdom n. 7).Now often interpreted as attributive use of mineral n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > [noun] mineral kingdom1650 1642 M. R. Besler (title) Gazophylacium rerum naturalium, e regno vegetabili, animali, et minerali depromptarum.] 1650 J. F. tr. M. Sedziwój New Light of Alchymie 114 By the due separation, and conjunction of these, Nature produceth as well Metalls, as Stones, in the Minerall Kingdome [L. in regno minerali]. 1676 T. Guidott Disc. Bathe Pref. sig. B^v I first made collection out of the best Mineral Authors, such as Fallopius, Agricola, Baccius, and others. a1691 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii. i. i. §3 in Wks. (1772) VI. 724 The mineral kingdom, as, after the chemists, most writers now call it. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 40 The bowels of the earth abound with..mother-of-pearl, and some other productions of the mineral kingdom. 1806 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Feb. in Writings (1984) 1160 They are headed therefore by persons qualified expressly to give us the geography of the rivers with perfect accuracy, and of good common knolege [sic] and observation in the animal, vegetable & mineral departments. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. Introd. p. iv I would propose..that the mineral kingdom be considered as divided into three provinces: 1. Petralogy..2. Lithology..3. Metallogy, or the knowledge of metals. 1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 225 Bonaparte superadded to this mineral and animal force, insight and generalization..as if the sea and land had taken flesh and begun to cipher. 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 520/2 The study of the remaining elements and of their compounds constituting inorganic, or, as it is also termed, mineral chemistry. 1967 Amer. Mineralogist 52 1595 Department of Mineral Sciences, Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. 1989 S. Holbeche Power Gems & Crystals ii. 27 Through the ages almost every ‘Wisdom Teaching’ or spiritual teaching contains information about the use and abuse of the mineral kingdom. 5. Originally: obtained or obtainable by mining. Now usually: of the nature of a mineral (mineral n. 2c, 4a). ΚΠ 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 271 Vnder the name of minerall salt is comprehended the salts of all mettals [etc.]. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 175 By Experience..in any Place or Mine, a Man may be enabled to give a near Conjecture at the Metallick or Mineral Ingredients of any Mass commonly found there. 1712 R. Blackmore Creation iii. 134 Endless Store Of Min'ral Treasure and Metallic Oar. 1773 T. Percival Ess. Med. & Exper. II. 57 This celebrated spring abounds with a mineral spirit, or mephitic air, in which its stimulus, and indeed its efficacy resides. 1824 Ann. Philos. New Ser. 7 134 I propose to give the name of Bucklandite..to a mineral substance, the crystallographical characters of which I find to differ from any hitherto described. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 304 When the mineral ores lie in nearly vertical masses, it is [etc.]. 1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 46/2 These coatings together make up about five per cent of the weight of the whole grain and consist principally of mineral matter and cellulose. 1950 L. E. Hawker Physiol. Fungi iii. 97 Fungi grow best in a ‘balanced medium’, that is, one containing the various mineral constituents in suitable proportions. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans ii. 35 They also give useful knowledge of mineral resources that can be used. Compounds C1. † mineral candle n. Obsolete a candle made from natural paraffin wax. ΚΠ 1871 Manufacturer & Builder July 148/2 We notice in the last number of Engineering an article on the manufacture of ‘ozokerit’, which is the name applied to the substance from which mineral candles are made. 1890 Cent. Dict. Mineral candle, a kind of candle made from a semi-fluid naphtha obtained from wells sunk in the neighbourhood of the Irrawaddy river in Burma. † mineral caoutchouc n. Obsolete = elaterite n. ΚΠ 1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 230/2 Mineral caoutchouc. 1856 Sci. Amer. 25 Oct. 53/2 ‘Elastic bitumen’ is of a brown color, and erases pencil marks like india rubber, hence it is called mineral caoutchouc. 1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 3 July 2/2 This crude, impure variety of bitumen, first discovered on the shores of the naphtha-lakes of the East, is now known as mineral caoutchouc. 1896 Science 5 June 832/1 The nearest neighbor [to Uintaite] is the Mineral Caoutchouc, Elaterite, or Wurtzilite. † mineral chameleon n. Obsolete = chameleon n. 5. ΚΠ 1803 F. Accum Syst. Theoret. & Pract. Chem. II. xliii. 49 This property [of changing colour when dissolved in water]..has acquired to the compound [of manganese] the name of mineral cameleon. 1807 A. Aikin & C. R. Aikin Dict. Chem. & Mineral. II. Index 579/2 Chameleon, mineral. 1874 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 264/2 The black oxid of manganese..is largely used..for making the permanganate of potash or mineral chameleon, a most powerful disinfectant. mineral charcoal n. now historical = fusain n. 2. ΚΠ 1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 401 Mineral Charcoal. 1867 W. W. Smyth Treat. Coal & Coal-mining 34 Soft mineral charcoal or ‘mother-of-coal’. 1911 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 50 55 The woody portions of the stems have been dispersed as fusain (mineral charcoal). 1958 Jrnl. Ecol. 46 447 Such fragments are often abundant and were once called ‘mineral charcoal’ or ‘mother of coal’, but Stopes introduced the French word ‘fusain’ in her work on coal petrology. † mineral cotton n. Obsolete = mineral wool n. ΚΠ 1872 Harper's Mag. Apr. 784/2 The color of the substance being white, the appearance of a compacted mass of it makes the name of mineral cotton, under which it has been described, a very appropriate one. 1889 Harper's Mag. July 263/2 Recently a mineral cotton has been made from the slag refuse of iron smelting. † mineral crystal n. Obsolete rare a mixture of oxidized saltpetre and powdered sulphur. ΚΠ 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Mineral Crystal (among Chymists), a Composition of Salt-peter well putrify'd, and Flower of Brimstone. mineral fibre n. a fibre composed of a mineral substance; a material composed of such fibres matted together, used esp. for insulation. ΚΠ 1884 Internat. Health Exhib. Official Catal. 83/2 A pure mineral fibre manufactured from blast slag. 1977 Lancet 9 July 80/2 The Duluth water supply contained mineral fibres resembling asbestos. 1991 Constr. Weekly 27 Mar. 22/4 Each panel consists of high-density mineral fibre insulation sandwiched between smooth or slightly profiled steel sheet. mineral jelly n. a solid lubricant of gelatinous consistency and inorganic (i.e. non-biological) composition; spec. petroleum jelly. ΚΠ 1882 A. H. Allen Comm. Org. Anal. II. 26 Vaselene [sic], or Mineral Jelly. 1906 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 206 454 (table) The composition of the six explosives was approximately as follows:—Mark I cordite..Nitroglycerine..Nitrocellulose..Mineral jelly. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. i. 10 Towards the end, fractions are obtained which solidify partially or wholly on cooling and are sold under the names of mineral jelly and paraffin wax. 1995 Chem. Marketing Reporter 13 Mar. 10/3 The price for USP and technical petrolatums, mineral jellies, trough greases and ointment bases will increase 1 cent per pound in bulk. mineral pitch n. = asphalt n. 1. ΚΠ 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 45 Mineral Pitch, Asphaltum. Mineral Tar exposed to a moderate heat, and the action of the air, hardens into this substance. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 482/2 At Selinitza..there is a remarkable deposit of mineral pitch which was extensively worked in Roman times. 1991 Offshore Oct. 68/2 (table) Drilling fluids product directory... Loss circulation, sealing materials... Mineral pitch drilling sealant. mineral soil n. soil, or a soil, which has a low proportion of organic material. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > mineral soil mineral soil1759 1759 A. Butler Lives Saints IV. 134 They seem either petrifactions or sports of nature in uncommon chrystallizations in a mineral soil. 1924 F. E. Bear Soil Managem. iv. 26 The tendency of mineral soils to be similar in chemical composition, irrespective of their source of origin, is very nicely shown in the following table. 1991 Westcoast Logger July 14/1 The hooker must also clear the brush from around the stump and dig down to mineral soil. mineral solution n. a solution of a mineral substance, (formerly spec.) †a solution of potassium arsenate (obsolete). ΚΠ 1847 Sci. Amer. 11 Sept. 406/2 Discolorations, caused either by the infiltration of a mineral solution between the laminæ, or by [etc.]. 1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Mineral solution, arsenical liquor, or liquor potassæ arsenitis. 1897 Overland Monthly Feb. 196 One or both of the wall rocks was highly silicified from the arising mineral solutions. 1992 Food Entertaining Summer 46/3 Although competitors ensure they are fully hydrated before an event, sugar, salt, and mineral solutions are taken freely en route to help regulate the system. mineral spirits n. now chiefly North American (with singular or plural agreement) = white spirit n. at white adj. and n. Compounds 1f. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > distilled or refined mineral oils oil of amber1559 neftec1575 light oil1761 white oil1763 white spirit1832 eupione1838 gas oil1839 heavy oil1849 petroleum ether1851 asboline1863 hydrocarbon oil1864 solar oil1864 mineral spirits1875 blown oil1887 phenoloid1900 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 400 Sponge lamps have been suggested to use mineral spirits either as portable gas for illuminants or a quick and ready heating-power. 1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 133/1 After jettisoning the weight, depth control of the buoy is accomplished by the alternate valving to sea of perchloroethylene and mineral spirits. 1999 Arizona Republic (Electronic ed.) 23 Oct. Mineral spirits paint thinner on a rag will dissolve the wax without harming the finish. † mineral tallow n. Obsolete = mineral wax n. ΚΠ 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 47 Mineral Tallow. Its colour is white, its consistence that of Tallow, it feels greasy and stains paper. 1881 Pop. Educ. 6 50 Mineral tallow or hatchetine is the lightest of the known minerals, its specific gravity being 0.6078. mineral tar n. now rare = maltha n. 2. ΚΠ 1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 44 Mineral Tar, Barbadoes Tar. This is Petrol still further altered by exposure to the air. 1847 in Utah Genealogical & Hist. Mag. (1926) 17 122 About 1½ miles south we discovered a mineral tar spring. 1869 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1865–8 10 455 Maltha, or mineral tar,..is more nearly allied to tar..than to oil. 1894 Manufacturer & Builder Jan. 15/3 This mineral tar is intermediate between the light-bodied oils and the solid asphaltum. 1958 Econ. Jrnl. 68 314 (table) Mineral tar and related crude chemicals. 1978 Science 22 Sept. 1080/2 Syrian asphalt, which is also known as bitumen of Judea, is a naturally occurring mineral tar of high molecular weight. mineral teeth n. now historical artificial teeth. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > dentistry > [noun] > denture ratelier1812 plate1845 mineral teeth1851 denture1874 tooth-plate1880 teeth-plate1897 gnasher1919 snapper1924 chopper1937 1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 220 Mineral Teeth. One factory. 1885 List of Subscribers Exchange Syst. (United Telephone Co.) (ed. 6) 230 Manufacturers of Mineral Teeth and every Dental Requisite. 1966 J. M. Campbell Catal. Menzies Campbell Coll. 59 In 1808, Giuseppangelo Fonzi (1768–1840) invented individual ‘terro-metallic’ (mineral) teeth with small platinum hooks which were embedded in the paste, prior to the baking process. mineral wax n. now rare a natural paraffin wax, such as ozokerite or hatchettite. ΚΠ 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Mineral wax. 1872 Manufacturer & Builder Apr. 83/1 Organisms from bygone ages..of which the remnants are now found buried as coal, petroleum, asphaltum, amber, honey-stone, mineral wax, maltha, etc. 1958 Jrnl. Ecol. 46 339 Dr Prince and his colleagues did manage to develop a technique of constructing a sterile dam of mineral wax across the middle of each plate. mineral wool n. a fine matted fibrous substance made from inorganic material, used for packing, insulation, etc. ΚΠ 1870 A. A. Player & H. McAllister U.S. Patent 103,650 1/1 Be it known that John Player..was in his lifetime the inventor or discoverer of a..method of producing what he designated as vitreous fiber or mineral-wool from the slag of blast-furnaces. 1938 Amer. Home Oct. 106/3 (advt.) Without building alterations, you can have a thick lining of this fireproof mineral wool blown into walls and attic. 1988 Daily Mail DIY Home Interiors 30/1 One of the most popular ways of insulating a roof is using mineral wool insulating blanket which comes in rolls to fit between the joists. C2. In the names of pigments and colours. mineral black n. a black pigment made from graphite or slate. ΚΠ 1850 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. iii. 287/2 Mineral black. 1949 A. E. Hurst Painting & Decorating viii. 60 Natural black pigments are known variously as mineral black or black chalk, black oxides of iron, ilmenite black..and graphite or black lead. mineral blue n. a form of Prussian blue, made lighter by the addition of alumina. ΚΠ 1847 Sci. Amer. 2 336/2 It may be here remarked..that mineral blue, makes a more perfect imitation of the sky than any other. 1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i. 47/3 Mineral-blue, a term sometimes applied to a mixture of Prussian blue and gypsum. 1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 35 There is the mineral blue of a cartoon criminal's jaw, needing a shave. mineral brown n. a brown pigment coloured by iron oxide. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments brown1549 umberc1568 castory1590 wood-colour1622 burnt umbera1650 Cologne earth1658 Spanish brown1660 raw umber1702 bistre1728 Siena1787 raw sienna1797 Terra Siennaa1817 sepia1821 brown ochre1823 bone brown1831 indigo-brown1838 mummy1854 Cassel brown1860 Prussian brown1860 mineral brown1869 Cappagh brown1875 Verona brown1889 1869 T. W. Salter Field's Chromatogr. (new ed.) xvii. 342 Under the names of Euchrome and Mineral Brown, they [sc. Cappah browns] have been introduced into commerce for civil and marine painting. 1930 A. Maerz & M. R. Paul Dict. Color 167/1 Mineral brown, this name, or its synonym, Metallic Brown, is occasionally found given to specific colors in paints. It has..long been used to refer to any native earth colored by iron oxide, etc. mineral green n. copper arsenite (also called Scheele's green). ΚΠ 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 382 If to this sulphate of copper be added a solution of arseniate of potass, a beautiful green precipitate is formed, called Scheele's green, or mineral green. 1849 D. Campbell Pract. Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. 218 When to a solution of sulphate of copper a solution of carbonate of potash is added, it gives a blue precipitate, which on boiling assumes a green tint; it..is known in commerce as mineral green. 1991 Artist Nov. 27/1 The watercolour pencils..were chosen as very rough approximations to the colours I could see... They were bottle green, mineral green [etc.]. mineral grey n. a pale blue-grey pigment obtained in the process of making ultramarine from lapis lazuli. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > grey pigment > [noun] > specific French grey1564 Payne's grey1832 mineral grey1869 zinc-grey1881 charcoal grey1907 1869 T. W. Salter Field's Chromatogr. (new ed.) xix. 375 Mineral gray..is obtainable from the lapis lazuli, after the blue and ash have been worked out. 1958 M. L. Wolf Dict. Painting 179 A substance known as gangue (vein-stone) is often offered as mineral gray, but it is not a successful substitute. mineral lake n. a pink pigment made by precipitating tin chromate on to glass. ΚΠ 1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Mineral lake, a pink pigment consisting of a glass colored with tin chromate. 1971 Colour Index (ed. 3) V. 5588 (table) Mineral Lake... Pigment. mineral purple n. (a) a dark red pigment containing iron oxide; (b) = purple of Cassius n. at Cassius n. ΚΠ 1850 G. Field Painters' Art 79 Purple Ochre, Or Mineral Purple, is a dark ochre, native of the Forest of Dean. 1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. V. i. 48/1 Mineral-purple, a preparation of gold and tin used for colouring glass and porcelain. Called also the Purple of Cassius. 1976 K. L. Kelly & D. B. Judd Color 126/2 Mineral purple (same as India Red). mineral violet n. = manganese violet n. at manganese n. Compounds 2; (also in later use) a violet variety of ultramarine blue (see ultramarine adj. 3a). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > purple dye or pigment > [noun] turnsole1375 cork1483 jarecork1483 orchil1483 purple1519 purpurisse1519 archil1551 waycoriant1658 orchilla1703 cudbear1772 purple lake1785 imperial purple1788 mauve?1796 phenicin1823 French purple1830 indigo-purple1838 mauve1859 Perkin's mauve1859 violine1859 mauveine1863 purple of Cassiusc1865 tyroline1867 Paris violet1868 Hofmann violet1869 methyl violet1873 punicin1879 crystal violet1885 chrome violet1892 mineral violet1913 Monastral1936 manganese purple1937 1913 B. Brown Painter's Palette iv. 21 Taking these paints..and making them..account for themselves in the matter of value, we find that their values fall on the value-scale thus:..O.—Burnt Sienna. Rose Madder. Mineral Violet. 1934 H. Hiler Notes Technique Painting ii. 132 Mineral violet (manganous metaphosphate). 1958 M. L. Wolf Dict. Painting 170 Manganese pigments... The violets are particularly varied, some of the shades including mineral-, permanent-, and Nuernberger violet. mineral white n. any of several mineral salts used as a white pigment, esp. barium sulphate (permanent white) and calcium sulphate (gypsum). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white pigment or paint white leadlOE whitea1300 blank plumbc1325 cerusec1405 white earth1448 Spanish white1546 litharge1551 mineral white1651 flake-white1660 Vienna white1816 permanent white1822 zinc white1847 constant white1854 Krems1854 Cremnitz1874 silver-white1875 lithoponea1884 baryta white1885 Charlton white1885 titanium white1920 1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces 267 What I pray is in less esteem in the world then old Iron and Lead? which are acceptable to the wise to use in the Lotion of Copper and tin with the mineral white. 1869 Sci. Amer. 21 187 Starch is sometimes adulterated with mineral substances, as gypsum, sulphate of baryta, or mineral white. 1875 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 93/2 White Pigments..Mineral white.—Precipitated carbonate of lead. 1928 N. Heaton Outlines Paint Technol. v. 101 (heading) Mineral Whites. mineral yellow n. any of various inorganic yellow pigments, esp. a lead oxychloride. ΚΠ 1844 R. D. Hoblyn Dict. Terms Med. & Collateral Sci. (ed. 2) Mineral Yellow, Patent Yellow, a pigment consisting of chloride and protoxide of lead. 1886 H. C. Standage Artists' Man. Pigments iv. 46 Turner Yellow, Cassel Yellow,..Mineral Yellow. 1976 K. L. Kelly & D. B. Judd Color 126/2 Mineral Yellow (same as Yellow Ochre). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1393adj.?a1425
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