metaphasen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmɛtəfeɪz/, U.S.

/ˈmɛdəˌfeɪz/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: meta- prefix, phase n.¹

Etymology: < meta- prefix + phase n.¹, after German Metaphase (E. Strasburger 1884, in Arch. f. mikrosk. Anat. 23 260). N.E.D. (1906, s.v. Meta-) gives metaphasis as a variant of metaphase, with pronunciation (metæ·făsis) /mɛˈtæfəsɪs/, but although this form could be posited on the basis of the attested plural form metaphases, unambiguous evidence is lacking.

Genetics and Cell Biology.

A. n.

Originally: †each of the changes observed in the dividing cell nucleus from the formation of the equatorial plate to the beginning of the separation of the chromosomes to the opposite poles of the spindle (obsolete). Later: the stage of mitosis or meiosis that follows prophase (or prometaphase) and precedes anaphase, during which the chromosomes become arranged on the equatorial plane of the spindle; (concrete) a dividing cell or nucleus observed at this stage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > stages of mitosis or meiosis

resting stage1810

prophase1884

anaphase1887

metaphase1887

synapsis1895

telophase1895

maturation division1896

postsynapsis1898

strepsinema1900

synizesis1905

interkinesis1906

pachynema1909

telosynapsis1909

leptonema1911

metasyndesis1911

strepsitene1911

zygonema1911

zygotene1911

leptotene1912

pachytene1912

interphase1913

telosyndesis1920

prometaphase1931

dictyotene1957

dictyate1958

1887 W. Hillhouse tr. E. Strasburger Handbk. Pract. Bot. 363 Now begin the phases of separation and rearrangement of the daughter-segments, the metaphases of division.

1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Metaphase, the stage of the nuclear spindle in karyokinesis.

1899 Bot. Gaz. 28 237 There is a stage called zonation in which the nuclei, usually in metaphase, are lined up around the ooplasm.

1924 E. W. MacBride Study of Heredity ii. 42 The formation of the equatorial plate and of the spindle is known as the metaphase.

1941 Genetics 26 609 In somatic metaphases the B chromosomes are readily distinguishable from the A chromosomes.

1952 A. F. W. Hughes Mitotic Cycle iv. 116 During metaphase the chromosomes move from random positions into the ‘equatorial plate’.

1969 Times 20 June 7/3 Shortly before ovulation the oocyte goes through the process of cell division and then starts to divide a second time, a stage known as metaphase 2.

1973 Nature 1 June 290/2 Well-spread metaphases were photographed with a 95× fluoride objective.

1998 New Scientist 9 May 6/1 Complete ‘karyotyping’..can mean keeping it in culture for many hours, days, or even weeks until cells actively start dividing and reach metaphase, the state of the cycle of division at which chromosomes condense and become clearly visible.

B. adj. (attributive).

Of or relating to metaphase; in the stage of metaphase.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > stages of mitosis or meiosis

homotypical1870

heterotypical1888

homoeotypical1888

heterotypic1889

homoeotypic1889

skein1889

heterotype1895

homotype1895

synaptic1895

synaptenic1900

presynaptic1903

homotypic1904

dictyate1905

post-meiotic1905

premeiotic1905

telophasic1907

postsynaptic1909

metaphase1912

prophasic1912

telosynaptic1912

interkinetic1927

synapsed1931

synizetic1931

interphasic1948

1912 Jrnl. Genetics 2 193 Side views of the metaphase and early anaphase stages of the first division show that the chromosomes divide in the heterotype manner.

1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 200 The 8 remaining prophase or metaphase figures.

1937 Cytologia 8 270 The paired condition of metaphase chromosomes.

1957 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics v. 131 The secondary constrictions seen in somatic metaphase chromosomes generally arise as the result of nucleolar formation.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xiii. 71 (caption) Tubulin was..microinjected into a mammalian metaphase cell in culture.

1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 499/1 The stathmokinetic technique of metaphase arrest in organ culture.

Compounds

metaphase plate n. (an array of chromosomes in) the equatorial plane of a spindle; also called equatorial plate.

ΚΠ

1937 C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. in Cytol. (ed. 2) ii. 28 While their centromeres lie on the equator of the spindle, the whole group of chromosomes lies in a ‘plate’, the metaphase plate.

1958 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics iii. 52 The spindle..serves to bring the chromosomes onto the metaphase, or equatorial, plate.

1993 European Jrnl. Phycol. 28 20/2 The first signs of cytokinesis are visible by the time the metaphase plate has formed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	metaphase
释义	metaphasen.adj. Brit. /ˈmɛtəfeɪz/, U.S. /ˈmɛdəˌfeɪz/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: meta- prefix, phase n.¹ Etymology: < meta- prefix + phase n.¹, after German Metaphase (E. Strasburger 1884, in Arch. f. mikrosk. Anat. 23 260). N.E.D. (1906, s.v. Meta-) gives metaphasis as a variant of metaphase, with pronunciation (metæ·făsis) /mɛˈtæfəsɪs/, but although this form could be posited on the basis of the attested plural form metaphases, unambiguous evidence is lacking. Genetics and Cell Biology. A. n. Originally: †each of the changes observed in the dividing cell nucleus from the formation of the equatorial plate to the beginning of the separation of the chromosomes to the opposite poles of the spindle (obsolete). Later: the stage of mitosis or meiosis that follows prophase (or prometaphase) and precedes anaphase, during which the chromosomes become arranged on the equatorial plane of the spindle; (concrete) a dividing cell or nucleus observed at this stage. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [noun] > stages of mitosis or meiosis resting stage1810 prophase1884 anaphase1887 metaphase1887 synapsis1895 telophase1895 maturation division1896 postsynapsis1898 strepsinema1900 synizesis1905 interkinesis1906 pachynema1909 telosynapsis1909 leptonema1911 metasyndesis1911 strepsitene1911 zygonema1911 zygotene1911 leptotene1912 pachytene1912 interphase1913 telosyndesis1920 prometaphase1931 dictyotene1957 dictyate1958 1887 W. Hillhouse tr. E. Strasburger Handbk. Pract. Bot. 363 Now begin the phases of separation and rearrangement of the daughter-segments, the metaphases of division. 1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Metaphase, the stage of the nuclear spindle in karyokinesis. 1899 Bot. Gaz. 28 237 There is a stage called zonation in which the nuclei, usually in metaphase, are lined up around the ooplasm. 1924 E. W. MacBride Study of Heredity ii. 42 The formation of the equatorial plate and of the spindle is known as the metaphase. 1941 Genetics 26 609 In somatic metaphases the B chromosomes are readily distinguishable from the A chromosomes. 1952 A. F. W. Hughes Mitotic Cycle iv. 116 During metaphase the chromosomes move from random positions into the ‘equatorial plate’. 1969 Times 20 June 7/3 Shortly before ovulation the oocyte goes through the process of cell division and then starts to divide a second time, a stage known as metaphase 2. 1973 Nature 1 June 290/2 Well-spread metaphases were photographed with a 95× fluoride objective. 1998 New Scientist 9 May 6/1 Complete ‘karyotyping’..can mean keeping it in culture for many hours, days, or even weeks until cells actively start dividing and reach metaphase, the state of the cycle of division at which chromosomes condense and become clearly visible. B. adj. (attributive). Of or relating to metaphase; in the stage of metaphase. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > [adjective] > stages of mitosis or meiosis homotypical1870 heterotypical1888 homoeotypical1888 heterotypic1889 homoeotypic1889 skein1889 heterotype1895 homotype1895 synaptic1895 synaptenic1900 presynaptic1903 homotypic1904 dictyate1905 post-meiotic1905 premeiotic1905 telophasic1907 postsynaptic1909 metaphase1912 prophasic1912 telosynaptic1912 interkinetic1927 synapsed1931 synizetic1931 interphasic1948 1912 Jrnl. Genetics 2 193 Side views of the metaphase and early anaphase stages of the first division show that the chromosomes divide in the heterotype manner. 1921 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 7 200 The 8 remaining prophase or metaphase figures. 1937 Cytologia 8 270 The paired condition of metaphase chromosomes. 1957 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics v. 131 The secondary constrictions seen in somatic metaphase chromosomes generally arise as the result of nucleolar formation. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xiii. 71 (caption) Tubulin was..microinjected into a mammalian metaphase cell in culture. 1993 Brit. Jrnl. Surg. 80 499/1 The stathmokinetic technique of metaphase arrest in organ culture. Compounds metaphase plate n. (an array of chromosomes in) the equatorial plane of a spindle; also called equatorial plate. ΚΠ 1937 C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. in Cytol. (ed. 2) ii. 28 While their centromeres lie on the equator of the spindle, the whole group of chromosomes lies in a ‘plate’, the metaphase plate. 1958 C. P. Swanson Cytol. & Cytogenetics iii. 52 The spindle..serves to bring the chromosomes onto the metaphase, or equatorial, plate. 1993 European Jrnl. Phycol. 28 20/2 The first signs of cytokinesis are visible by the time the metaphase plate has formed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1887
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