mescaln.

Brit.

/ˈmɛskal/,

/mɛˈskal/,

/məˈskal/, U.S.

/mɛˈskæl/,

/məˈskæl/

Forms: 1700s mescales (plural), 1700s– mezcal, 1800s mascal, 1800s mexcal, 1800s mexical, 1800s mixcal, 1800s muscal, 1800s– mescal, 1800s– muscale. Also with capital initial.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Nahuatl. Etymons: Spanish mescal; Nahuatl mexcalli.

Etymology: < American Spanish mescal, mexcal, mezcal (apparently earliest c1745 in a compound ethnonym: see Mescalero n.) and its etymon Nahuatl mexcalli (1577 in sense ‘cooked (pieces of) agave leaf’; now only in sense 1b). N.E.D. (1906) records only a pronunciation with stress on the second syllable. The pronunciation with stress on the first syllable which is now the commonest in British usage probably arises from analogy with mescaline n.

a. Any of various plants of the genus Agave, of Mexico and the south-western United States; esp. any of several large agaves with paniculate inflorescences, including those grown for ornament and hedging (e.g. the American aloe, A. americana), those whose bud, root, etc., is cooked as a vegetable (e.g. A. palmeri and A. parryi), and those whose fermented sap is distilled to produce an alcoholic spirit (the plant in this context being more commonly called maguey).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cactus and allies > [noun] > other cacti

hedgehog thistle1597

Opuntia1601

mescal1709

Barbados gooseberry1756

night-flowering cereus1789

vygebosch1795

night-blooming cereus1799

rhipsalis1819

pigface1830

window plant1838

old man cactus1845

cholla1846

fish-hook cactus1846

spleenwort1846

epiphyllum1858

old man's head1858

rainbow cactus1860

green snake1864

torchwood1866

queen of the night1870

vingerpol1875

nipple cactus1876

niggerhead1877

rat's tail cactus1878

rat-tail cactus1878

Christmas cactus1880

barrel cactus1881

peyote1885

mistletoe cactus1889

schlumbergera1898

pincushion1940

opuntioid1944

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Amaryllidaceae > [noun] > types of

maguey1555

melt1605

pancratium1664

aloe1665

pita1698

mescal1709

maypole1750

agave1760

poison bulb1776

kukumakranka1793

furcraea1821

zephyranthes1821

century plant1827

mescal button1887

tequila plant1979

1709 Philos. Trans. 1708–09 (Royal Soc.) 26 236 On the mountains [of California] there are all the year long Mescales, a Fruit peculiar to this Country.

1743 J. Lockman tr. Trav. Jesuits I. 399 On the Mountains grew Mescales, a fruit peculiar to the Country, and is gathered all the year round.

1759 tr. M. Venegas Nat. & Civil Hist. Calif. I. 44 The mountains and forests yield the mezcal,..the root of which boiled is a principal ingredient of the mexcalli.

1808 W. Shaler Jrnl. Voy. between China & Amer. (1935) 53 They also have a plant called the mixcal.

1848 W. H. Emory Notes Mil. Reconnaissance 59 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Exec. Doc. 41) IV This afternoon I found the famous mezcal, (an agave), about three feet in diameter, broad leaves, armed with teeth like a shark.

1891 Cent. Mag. Mar. 653 Along deserts bristling with spines of the cactus, spanish bayonet, mescal and palo verde.

1914 C. F. Saunders With Flowers & Trees in Calif. 139 The mescal buds are capable of making by distillation one of the fieriest intoxicants known.

1951 T. H. Kearney & R. H. Peebles Arizona Flora ii. 192 The names century-plant and mescal are applied to the large, paniculate species, and some of the small species are known as lechuguilla and amole.

1975 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Apr. 15/1 The firm has increased its plantings of mezcal to 155,000 acres.

b. A strong intoxicating spirit distilled from the fermented sap of an agave. Cf. tequila n., pulque n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > other distilled liquor > [noun] > others

koumiss1598

nugs of balm1609

rakia1613

pariah-arrack1671

stalagma1684

fenouillette1706

aguardiente1752

fennel water1757

rakia1778

mahua1810

mahua-arrack1813

kirschwasser1819

mescal1826

still-spirit1832

mobbie1833

zibib1836

potato spirit1839

mowra1846

tequila1849

Jersey lightning1852

petit baume1858

kirsch1869

mastic1876

Hoochinoo1877

mastic brandy1883

mastika1889

hooch1897

ouzo1897

milk-whisky1906

mahua spirit1920

shochu1938

mirabelle1940

tsipouro1947

mahua liquor1961

Mao-tai1962

changaa1975

reposado1982

1824 J. R. Poinsett Notes on Mexico 96 Vino mezcal, the brandy of the Maguey.]

1826 T. Flint Francis Berrian I. v. 149 Wine for the gentry, and mezcal and agua audiente [sic] for the mob.

1828 H. G. Ward Mexico I. 59 A strong kind of brandy called mexical, or Aguardiente de Maguey.

1844 G. W. Kendal Narr. Texan Santa Fé Exped. II. 126 Pulque is slightly intoxicating, but by distillation a very strong liquor is made from it, called mescal.

1854 J. G. Bell Jrnl. 23 July in Southwestern Hist. Q. (1931–2) 35 235 About one dozen men came over, bringing..muscal liquor... This Liquor has a tast between whiskey and brandy, and considerable intoxicating power.

1926 D. H. Lawrence Plumed Serpent iv. 80 The fiery white brandy distilled from the maguey: mescal, tequila.

1947 M. Lowry Under Volcano x. 319 There had been until recently several drinks of mescal (why not?—the word did not intimidate him, eh?) waiting for him outside in a lemonade bottle.

1988 New Scientist 1 Sept. 34/3 The Agave cactus, which is used in the production of the drinks, tequila and mezcal, is pollinated by bats that feed on its nectar.

c. The cooked root, head, or bud of an agave used as food.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > other vegetable dishes

moose1568

bubble and squeak1762

poipoi1769

smash1785

poi1798

chartreuse1806

mescal1831

bhaji1832

luau1843

stelk1843

macédoine1846

peyote1849

chiffonade1877

mirepoix1877

munyeroo1878

tzimmes1892

maror1893

red flannel hash1902

subgum1902

Roquefort salad1907

caponata1931

pakora1932

Imam Bayildi1935

ratatouille niçoise1938

cauliflower cheese1940

vegeburger1945

saag aloo1967

githeri1973

aloo gobi1974

1831 J. O. Pattie Personal Narr. Exped. from St. Louis 63 I afterwards ascertained that it was a vegetable called by the Spanish mascal (probably maguey).

1844 J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies I. 290 Those [Apaches] that are found east of the Rio del Norte are generally known as Mezcaleros, on account of an article of food in use among them, called mezcal.

1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 875 The ‘mescal’ of the Arizona Apaches, that is, the baked head of the Agave palmeri and Agave parryi.

1951 T. H. Kearney & R. H. Peebles Arizona Flora ii. 192 The name ‘mescal’ is applied also to the food obtained by roasting the caudex and emerging flower stalk.

1987 New Mexico Dec. 64/1 Living Desert State park re-creates the mescal roast in a special midden ring at the park.

2. The button-like top of any of several small desert cacti of the genus Lophophora, esp. L. williamsii, of northern Mexico and southern Texas; a dried preparation of this, ingested for its intoxicating and hallucinogenic properties (chiefly attributable to the alkaloid mescaline); (also) a cactus having such top. Cf. peyote n., mescal button n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > hallucinogenic drug > other hallucinogenic drugs

datura1820

teonanacatl1875

mescal1895

mescaline1896

Serax1957

MDA1959

ebene1967

muscimol1967

STP1967

angel dust1969

rocket fuel1976

love boat1982

1895 Therapeutic Gaz. 16 Sept. 579/2 In connection with the physiological action of the mescal, its use by the Indians is of great interest.

1896 Therapeutic Gaz. 15 Jan. 8/1 The exercises open with a prayer by the leader, who then hands each man four mescals, which he takes and eats.

1899 Jrnl. Physiol. 25 83 ‘Mescal’ never gives rise to merriment, but rather to a condition of ideal content, and produces wakefulness.

1920 Sci. Amer. 14 Feb. 157 The peyote, often popularly miscalled ‘mescal’ through confusion with the maguey cactus from which a fiery intoxicant is prepared, is a species of small cactus widely used for both medicinal and ceremonial purposes by the Indian tribes of the southwestern U.S.

1937 J. Borg Cacti 209 The dried tops of the plant made into bunches or wreaths used to be sold as mescal.

1997 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 4 May m13 Mescal, the cactus used to produce the hallucinogen mescaline.

Compounds

C1.

mescal-eater n.

ΚΠ

1934 R. Hamer in R. Skelton Poetry of Thirties (1964) 88 The mescal-eater's almost heard Omnipotent transcendental word.

mescal intoxication n.

ΚΠ

1897 Lancet 5 June 1541/2 It cannot be said (from my experience) that the pleasure of mescal intoxication lies in any resultant passive emotional state such as is produced by tea or alcohol, but strictly in enjoyment of the colour visions produced.

mescal plant n.

ΚΠ

1918 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 Dec. 2094/1 The symptoms mentioned..as being produced by smoking Mara Huiwane or marajuana are similar to those produced by the mescal plant.

1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 Dec. i. 58/1 Ecstasy, a bitter white powder also called MDMA..is a chemical variation of mescaline, a hallucinogenic drug obtained from the mescal plant, and amphetamine.

mescal-inspired adj.

ΚΠ

1946 in M. Lowry Let. 2 Jan. (1967) 61 The mescal-inspired phantasmagoria, or heebie-jeebies, to which Geoffrey has succumbed.

C2.

mescal button n. the button-like top of the cactus Lophophora williamsii, dried and usually eaten or chewed for its hallucinogenic effects; (also) the cactus itself; usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > hallucinogenic drug > mescal button

mescal head1885

button1887

mescal button1887

peyote button1921

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Amaryllidaceae > [noun] > types of

maguey1555

melt1605

pancratium1664

aloe1665

pita1698

mescal1709

maypole1750

agave1760

poison bulb1776

kukumakranka1793

furcraea1821

zephyranthes1821

century plant1827

mescal button1887

tequila plant1979

1887 Med. Reg. 1 276 (heading) ‘Muscale buttons’—physiological effects—personal experience.

1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Dec. 1625/2 I took fully 1½ drachm of an extract of which each drachm represented one mescal button.

1959 O. Leese & M. Leese Desert Plants iv. 41 There are too the Lophophoras or Anhaloniums, known as the Mescal Button or Peyote, which are devoid of spines and look somewhat like a denizen of the sea.

1989 Courier-Jrnl. (Louisville, Kentucky) (Nexis) 16 Nov. 14 a Church members view peyote as a sacrament. Oregon views peyote, a stimulant derived from mescal buttons, as an illegal hallucinogenic drug.

mescal head n. the head or bud of an agave cooked as a vegetable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > hallucinogenic drug > mescal button

mescal head1885

button1887

mescal button1887

peyote button1921

1885 Outing Oct. 24/2 The old and young squaws..had brought down from the hillsides donkey-loads of mescal-heads.

1933 L. Spier Yuman Tribes 55 The mescal heads were baked in a pit.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mescal
释义	mescaln. Brit. /ˈmɛskal/, /mɛˈskal/, /məˈskal/, U.S. /mɛˈskæl/, /məˈskæl/ Forms: 1700s mescales (plural), 1700s– mezcal, 1800s mascal, 1800s mexcal, 1800s mexical, 1800s mixcal, 1800s muscal, 1800s– mescal, 1800s– muscale. Also with capital initial. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Nahuatl. Etymons: Spanish mescal; Nahuatl mexcalli. Etymology: < American Spanish mescal, mexcal, mezcal (apparently earliest c1745 in a compound ethnonym: see Mescalero n.) and its etymon Nahuatl mexcalli (1577 in sense ‘cooked (pieces of) agave leaf’; now only in sense 1b). N.E.D. (1906) records only a pronunciation with stress on the second syllable. The pronunciation with stress on the first syllable which is now the commonest in British usage probably arises from analogy with mescaline n. 1. a. Any of various plants of the genus Agave, of Mexico and the south-western United States; esp. any of several large agaves with paniculate inflorescences, including those grown for ornament and hedging (e.g. the American aloe, A. americana), those whose bud, root, etc., is cooked as a vegetable (e.g. A. palmeri and A. parryi), and those whose fermented sap is distilled to produce an alcoholic spirit (the plant in this context being more commonly called maguey). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cactus and allies > [noun] > other cacti hedgehog thistle1597 Opuntia1601 mescal1709 Barbados gooseberry1756 night-flowering cereus1789 vygebosch1795 night-blooming cereus1799 rhipsalis1819 pigface1830 window plant1838 old man cactus1845 cholla1846 fish-hook cactus1846 spleenwort1846 epiphyllum1858 old man's head1858 rainbow cactus1860 green snake1864 torchwood1866 queen of the night1870 vingerpol1875 nipple cactus1876 niggerhead1877 rat's tail cactus1878 rat-tail cactus1878 Christmas cactus1880 barrel cactus1881 peyote1885 mistletoe cactus1889 schlumbergera1898 pincushion1940 opuntioid1944 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Amaryllidaceae > [noun] > types of maguey1555 melt1605 pancratium1664 aloe1665 pita1698 mescal1709 maypole1750 agave1760 poison bulb1776 kukumakranka1793 furcraea1821 zephyranthes1821 century plant1827 mescal button1887 tequila plant1979 1709 Philos. Trans. 1708–09 (Royal Soc.) 26 236 On the mountains [of California] there are all the year long Mescales, a Fruit peculiar to this Country. 1743 J. Lockman tr. Trav. Jesuits I. 399 On the Mountains grew Mescales, a fruit peculiar to the Country, and is gathered all the year round. 1759 tr. M. Venegas Nat. & Civil Hist. Calif. I. 44 The mountains and forests yield the mezcal,..the root of which boiled is a principal ingredient of the mexcalli. 1808 W. Shaler Jrnl. Voy. between China & Amer. (1935) 53 They also have a plant called the mixcal. 1848 W. H. Emory Notes Mil. Reconnaissance 59 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Exec. Doc. 41) IV This afternoon I found the famous mezcal, (an agave), about three feet in diameter, broad leaves, armed with teeth like a shark. 1891 Cent. Mag. Mar. 653 Along deserts bristling with spines of the cactus, spanish bayonet, mescal and palo verde. 1914 C. F. Saunders With Flowers & Trees in Calif. 139 The mescal buds are capable of making by distillation one of the fieriest intoxicants known. 1951 T. H. Kearney & R. H. Peebles Arizona Flora ii. 192 The names century-plant and mescal are applied to the large, paniculate species, and some of the small species are known as lechuguilla and amole. 1975 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 23 Apr. 15/1 The firm has increased its plantings of mezcal to 155,000 acres. b. A strong intoxicating spirit distilled from the fermented sap of an agave. Cf. tequila n., pulque n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > other distilled liquor > [noun] > others koumiss1598 nugs of balm1609 rakia1613 pariah-arrack1671 stalagma1684 fenouillette1706 aguardiente1752 fennel water1757 rakia1778 mahua1810 mahua-arrack1813 kirschwasser1819 mescal1826 still-spirit1832 mobbie1833 zibib1836 potato spirit1839 mowra1846 tequila1849 Jersey lightning1852 petit baume1858 kirsch1869 mastic1876 Hoochinoo1877 mastic brandy1883 mastika1889 hooch1897 ouzo1897 milk-whisky1906 mahua spirit1920 shochu1938 mirabelle1940 tsipouro1947 mahua liquor1961 Mao-tai1962 changaa1975 reposado1982 1824 J. R. Poinsett Notes on Mexico 96 Vino mezcal, the brandy of the Maguey.] 1826 T. Flint Francis Berrian I. v. 149 Wine for the gentry, and mezcal and agua audiente [sic] for the mob. 1828 H. G. Ward Mexico I. 59 A strong kind of brandy called mexical, or Aguardiente de Maguey. 1844 G. W. Kendal Narr. Texan Santa Fé Exped. II. 126 Pulque is slightly intoxicating, but by distillation a very strong liquor is made from it, called mescal. 1854 J. G. Bell Jrnl. 23 July in Southwestern Hist. Q. (1931–2) 35 235 About one dozen men came over, bringing..muscal liquor... This Liquor has a tast between whiskey and brandy, and considerable intoxicating power. 1926 D. H. Lawrence Plumed Serpent iv. 80 The fiery white brandy distilled from the maguey: mescal, tequila. 1947 M. Lowry Under Volcano x. 319 There had been until recently several drinks of mescal (why not?—the word did not intimidate him, eh?) waiting for him outside in a lemonade bottle. 1988 New Scientist 1 Sept. 34/3 The Agave cactus, which is used in the production of the drinks, tequila and mezcal, is pollinated by bats that feed on its nectar. c. The cooked root, head, or bud of an agave used as food. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > prepared vegetables and dishes > [noun] > other vegetable dishes moose1568 bubble and squeak1762 poipoi1769 smash1785 poi1798 chartreuse1806 mescal1831 bhaji1832 luau1843 stelk1843 macédoine1846 peyote1849 chiffonade1877 mirepoix1877 munyeroo1878 tzimmes1892 maror1893 red flannel hash1902 subgum1902 Roquefort salad1907 caponata1931 pakora1932 Imam Bayildi1935 ratatouille niçoise1938 cauliflower cheese1940 vegeburger1945 saag aloo1967 githeri1973 aloo gobi1974 1831 J. O. Pattie Personal Narr. Exped. from St. Louis 63 I afterwards ascertained that it was a vegetable called by the Spanish mascal (probably maguey). 1844 J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies I. 290 Those [Apaches] that are found east of the Rio del Norte are generally known as Mezcaleros, on account of an article of food in use among them, called mezcal. 1881 Amer. Naturalist 15 875 The ‘mescal’ of the Arizona Apaches, that is, the baked head of the Agave palmeri and Agave parryi. 1951 T. H. Kearney & R. H. Peebles Arizona Flora ii. 192 The name ‘mescal’ is applied also to the food obtained by roasting the caudex and emerging flower stalk. 1987 New Mexico Dec. 64/1 Living Desert State park re-creates the mescal roast in a special midden ring at the park. 2. The button-like top of any of several small desert cacti of the genus Lophophora, esp. L. williamsii, of northern Mexico and southern Texas; a dried preparation of this, ingested for its intoxicating and hallucinogenic properties (chiefly attributable to the alkaloid mescaline); (also) a cactus having such top. Cf. peyote n., mescal button n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > hallucinogenic drug > other hallucinogenic drugs datura1820 teonanacatl1875 mescal1895 mescaline1896 Serax1957 MDA1959 ebene1967 muscimol1967 STP1967 angel dust1969 rocket fuel1976 love boat1982 1895 Therapeutic Gaz. 16 Sept. 579/2 In connection with the physiological action of the mescal, its use by the Indians is of great interest. 1896 Therapeutic Gaz. 15 Jan. 8/1 The exercises open with a prayer by the leader, who then hands each man four mescals, which he takes and eats. 1899 Jrnl. Physiol. 25 83 ‘Mescal’ never gives rise to merriment, but rather to a condition of ideal content, and produces wakefulness. 1920 Sci. Amer. 14 Feb. 157 The peyote, often popularly miscalled ‘mescal’ through confusion with the maguey cactus from which a fiery intoxicant is prepared, is a species of small cactus widely used for both medicinal and ceremonial purposes by the Indian tribes of the southwestern U.S. 1937 J. Borg Cacti 209 The dried tops of the plant made into bunches or wreaths used to be sold as mescal. 1997 Buffalo (N.Y.) News (Nexis) 4 May m13 Mescal, the cactus used to produce the hallucinogen mescaline. Compounds C1. a. mescal-eater n. ΚΠ 1934 R. Hamer in R. Skelton Poetry of Thirties (1964) 88 The mescal-eater's almost heard Omnipotent transcendental word. mescal intoxication n. ΚΠ 1897 Lancet 5 June 1541/2 It cannot be said (from my experience) that the pleasure of mescal intoxication lies in any resultant passive emotional state such as is produced by tea or alcohol, but strictly in enjoyment of the colour visions produced. mescal plant n. ΚΠ 1918 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 Dec. 2094/1 The symptoms mentioned..as being produced by smoking Mara Huiwane or marajuana are similar to those produced by the mescal plant. 1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 11 Dec. i. 58/1 Ecstasy, a bitter white powder also called MDMA..is a chemical variation of mescaline, a hallucinogenic drug obtained from the mescal plant, and amphetamine. b. mescal-inspired adj. ΚΠ 1946 in M. Lowry Let. 2 Jan. (1967) 61 The mescal-inspired phantasmagoria, or heebie-jeebies, to which Geoffrey has succumbed. C2. mescal button n. the button-like top of the cactus Lophophora williamsii, dried and usually eaten or chewed for its hallucinogenic effects; (also) the cactus itself; usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > hallucinogenic drug > mescal button mescal head1885 button1887 mescal button1887 peyote button1921 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Amaryllidaceae > [noun] > types of maguey1555 melt1605 pancratium1664 aloe1665 pita1698 mescal1709 maypole1750 agave1760 poison bulb1776 kukumakranka1793 furcraea1821 zephyranthes1821 century plant1827 mescal button1887 tequila plant1979 1887 Med. Reg. 1 276 (heading) ‘Muscale buttons’—physiological effects—personal experience. 1896 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Dec. 1625/2 I took fully 1½ drachm of an extract of which each drachm represented one mescal button. 1959 O. Leese & M. Leese Desert Plants iv. 41 There are too the Lophophoras or Anhaloniums, known as the Mescal Button or Peyote, which are devoid of spines and look somewhat like a denizen of the sea. 1989 Courier-Jrnl. (Louisville, Kentucky) (Nexis) 16 Nov. 14 a Church members view peyote as a sacrament. Oregon views peyote, a stimulant derived from mescal buttons, as an illegal hallucinogenic drug. mescal head n. the head or bud of an agave cooked as a vegetable. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > hallucinogenic drug > mescal button mescal head1885 button1887 mescal button1887 peyote button1921 1885 Outing Oct. 24/2 The old and young squaws..had brought down from the hillsides donkey-loads of mescal-heads. 1933 L. Spier Yuman Tribes 55 The mescal heads were baked in a pit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1709
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