medievaladj.n.

Brit.

/ˌmɛd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/,

/ˌmiːd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/,

/mᵻˈdiːvl/, U.S.

/ˌmid(i)ˈiv(ə)l/,

/ˌmɛd(i)ˈiv(ə)l/,

/məˈdiv(ə)l/

Forms: 1800s– mediaeval, 1800s– medieval.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin medium aevum , -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin medium aevum the Middle Ages (1604; < classical Latin medium , neuter of medius middle (see medium n. and adj.) + aevum aevum n.) + -al suffix¹, perhaps after primeval adj. or eval adj. Compare French médiéval (1874), Italian medievale (1868). Compare the Middle Ages at middle age n. 2.Pronunciation with /i(ː)/ in the first syllable of this and derived words is recorded by U.S. dictionaries from the second half of the 19th cent. onwards. The trisyllabic pronunciation, with contraction of the two medial vowels into one, is recorded by U.S. and British dictionaries from the second half of the 20th cent. onwards.

A. adj.

a. Of or relating to a period of time intervening between (periods designated as) ancient and modern; spec. of, relating to, or characteristic of the Middle Ages. Also, of art, religion, etc.: resembling or imitative of that of the Middle Ages.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of the Middle Ages

middle-aged1611

Gothic1695

middle age1753

medieval1817

mid-eval1840

1817 T. D. Fosbroke Brit. Monachism (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. vi The Author..professes to illustrate mediæval customs upon mediæval principles.

1821 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 426/1 Now the temporary Roman munitions consisted of mere earth-work or wood-work, but the question here is, was there such a thing as a work resembling a mediæval castle?

1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 22 Open grills were not uncommon in mediaeval times instead of close screens.

1876 W. Stubbs Early Plantagenets 6 Weapons drawn from the storehouse of medieval English history.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. i. 7 Mediæval architecture..being the last link of the mighty chain which had stretched unbroken through nearly 4000 years.

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 344/1 Medieval embroidery, this is a modern Embroidery worked in the same stitches as are used in Church Embroidery, [etc.].

1933 A. N. Whitehead Adventures of Ideas iv. 80 So far as concerns Western Europe, the origin of the Mediaeval civilization must be dated from the Emperor Augustus and the Journeys of St. Paul.

1948 Mind 57 535 Dr. Fung..does not, like many Chinese and most Occidental expositors, make Confucius teach medieval Neo-Confucian doctrine.

1975 J. Plamenatz K. Marx's Philos. Man iv. 102 We can say that the Englishman and the Chinese, or the medieval European and the modern European, are in fundamental respects alike in spite of the differences between their cultures.

1989 Art Line Apr. 10/4 The most notable aspect of all the drawings..was the diverse range of styles, ie, impressionist, medieval, constructivist, abstract, realist, naive.

†b. medieval guipure n. = macramé n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of ornamental textiles or trimmings > [noun] > knotting or tatting

knotting1697

tatting1842

macramé1865

medieval guipure1882

1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 344/2 Medieval guipure, a name given to the Knotted Laces now known as Macramé.

†2. humorous. Of a person: middle-aged. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > middle-aged person > [adjective]

middle-aged1536

mid-aged1556

middling1610

mid-age1845

medieval1848

mid-life1858

middle-ageing1882

1848 O. W. Holmes Nux Postcœnatica in Poems 261 A man of forty entered... They have a certain heartiness that frequently appals,—Those mediæval gentlemen in semilunar smalls!

3. colloquial.

a. Exhibiting the severity or illiberality ascribed to a former age; cruel, barbarous.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > strict or severe (of rules, judgement, or discipline)

strongeOE

starkc1175

sharpa1340

strait1390

unrelaxed1508

exacta1538

severe1562

strict1578

weightya1616

stringent1846

ramrod1850

medieval1917

tough1961

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [adjective]

wilda1300

bestiala1398

wilderna1400

savagine?a1439

barbaric1490

rudea1530

barbar1535

barbarous1538

pagan1550

uncivil1553

Scythical1559

raw?1573

savaged1583

incivil1586

savage1589

barbarian1591

uncivilized1607

negerous1609

mountainous1613

ruvid1632

ruvidous1632

barbarious1633

incivilizeda1645

alabandical1656

inhumanea1680

tramontane1740

semi-barbarous1798

irreclaimed1814

semi-savage1833

semiferine1854

warrigal1855

sloven1856

semi-barbaric1864

pre-civilized1876

wild and woolly1884

jungle1908

medieval1917

jungli1920

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > barbarously

barbarical1569

barbarous1594

Turkish1602

Moorish1795

Saracenic1836

Turk-like1850

medieval1917

Neanderthalic1922

1883 Mem. Vol. Rev. A. M'Lean 231 A curious mixture of mediæval rigidity and modern spasmodism.]

1917 Church Times 26 Oct. 335/4 When military officers inflict upon him cruelties almost mediæval, our sympathy goes with him.

1963 M. McCarthy Group xiv. 330 It was medieval of Macy's to fire her because she'd had a breakdown.

1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express (1980) vi. 122 The medieval sight of small children binding up bouquets of flowers with bleeding fingers and being shouted at by cruel old men.

1988 Financial Times 8 June i. 44/3 He stressed he was not seeking vengeance or punishment but a deterrent. Hanging was ‘medieval and barbaric’ and there were more humane methods.

b. U.S. to get medieval: to use violence or extreme measures on, to become aggressive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > behave violently or use force [verb (intransitive)]

to do outragec1325

to make forcea1340

deray1340

outrayc1390

to make strengtha1393

tar and tig?a1500

bull1884

strong-arm1906

to kick ass1977

to get medieval1994

1994 Q. Tarantino & R. Avary Pulp Fiction 131 I ain't through with you by a damn sight. I'm gonna git Medieval on your ass.

1996 Rolling Stone 13 July 85/3 And with the metal-on-metal grinding and old-school synth whoops..Faust and O'Rourke really get medieval.

1999 Washington Post 9 May f1 I have no idea why we're talking about sending ground troops to Kosovo when we can send a fleet of Ford Expeditions and Lincoln Navigators over there. What's Milosevic going to throw at them—Yugos? These things will get medieval with Yugos.

2000 N.Y. Times 5 May e8/1 The teenage crowd screamed and cheered—but only when Macbeth got medieval on someone.

B. n.

†1. humorous. A person of middle age. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1845 S. Coleridge Let. 20 Jan. (1873) 321 I myself and many other mediævals can read their productions with unabated pleasure.

2. A person who lived in the Middle Ages. Also: a person whose outlook or perspective is (regarded as) characteristic of or resembles that of the Middle Ages.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > [noun]

arethedea1440

medievalist1855

medieval1856

1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 193 The elements of their minds by which..they are connected with the mediævals and moderns.

1894 C. H. H. Parry Stud. Great Composers: Palestrina 3 Though their music was so limited the mediævals contrived to make some fine effects with it.

1933 A. N. Whitehead Adventures of Ideas iv. 60 Lucretius, Cicero, Virgil were mediaevals in their relation to Hellenic literature and speculation.

a1963 C. S. Lewis Discarded Image (1964) iii. 39 Yet all the while she [sc. Nature] is, for the medievals, only a personification.

1974 A. L. Rowse in Listener 18 Apr. 494/3 The Elizabethans..were medievals, like Chaucer's people, for the most part free and easy in their sex-life.

1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 84 Medievals had a habit of quoting standard authors from memory without giving references.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	medieval
释义	medievaladj.n. Brit. /ˌmɛd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/, /ˌmiːd(ɪ)ˈiːvl/, /mᵻˈdiːvl/, U.S. /ˌmid(i)ˈiv(ə)l/, /ˌmɛd(i)ˈiv(ə)l/, /məˈdiv(ə)l/ Forms: 1800s– mediaeval, 1800s– medieval. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin medium aevum , -al suffix¹. Etymology: < post-classical Latin medium aevum the Middle Ages (1604; < classical Latin medium , neuter of medius middle (see medium n. and adj.) + aevum aevum n.) + -al suffix¹, perhaps after primeval adj. or eval adj. Compare French médiéval (1874), Italian medievale (1868). Compare the Middle Ages at middle age n. 2.Pronunciation with /i(ː)/ in the first syllable of this and derived words is recorded by U.S. dictionaries from the second half of the 19th cent. onwards. The trisyllabic pronunciation, with contraction of the two medial vowels into one, is recorded by U.S. and British dictionaries from the second half of the 20th cent. onwards. A. adj. 1. a. Of or relating to a period of time intervening between (periods designated as) ancient and modern; spec. of, relating to, or characteristic of the Middle Ages. Also, of art, religion, etc.: resembling or imitative of that of the Middle Ages. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of the Middle Ages middle-aged1611 Gothic1695 middle age1753 medieval1817 mid-eval1840 1817 T. D. Fosbroke Brit. Monachism (ed. 2) I. Pref. p. vi The Author..professes to illustrate mediæval customs upon mediæval principles. 1821 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 426/1 Now the temporary Roman munitions consisted of mere earth-work or wood-work, but the question here is, was there such a thing as a work resembling a mediæval castle? 1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 22 Open grills were not uncommon in mediaeval times instead of close screens. 1876 W. Stubbs Early Plantagenets 6 Weapons drawn from the storehouse of medieval English history. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. i. 7 Mediæval architecture..being the last link of the mighty chain which had stretched unbroken through nearly 4000 years. 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 344/1 Medieval embroidery, this is a modern Embroidery worked in the same stitches as are used in Church Embroidery, [etc.]. 1933 A. N. Whitehead Adventures of Ideas iv. 80 So far as concerns Western Europe, the origin of the Mediaeval civilization must be dated from the Emperor Augustus and the Journeys of St. Paul. 1948 Mind 57 535 Dr. Fung..does not, like many Chinese and most Occidental expositors, make Confucius teach medieval Neo-Confucian doctrine. 1975 J. Plamenatz K. Marx's Philos. Man iv. 102 We can say that the Englishman and the Chinese, or the medieval European and the modern European, are in fundamental respects alike in spite of the differences between their cultures. 1989 Art Line Apr. 10/4 The most notable aspect of all the drawings..was the diverse range of styles, ie, impressionist, medieval, constructivist, abstract, realist, naive. †b. medieval guipure n. = macramé n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of ornamental textiles or trimmings > [noun] > knotting or tatting knotting1697 tatting1842 macramé1865 medieval guipure1882 1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 344/2 Medieval guipure, a name given to the Knotted Laces now known as Macramé. †2. humorous. Of a person: middle-aged. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > middle-aged person > [adjective] middle-aged1536 mid-aged1556 middling1610 mid-age1845 medieval1848 mid-life1858 middle-ageing1882 1848 O. W. Holmes Nux Postcœnatica in Poems 261 A man of forty entered... They have a certain heartiness that frequently appals,—Those mediæval gentlemen in semilunar smalls! 3. colloquial. a. Exhibiting the severity or illiberality ascribed to a former age; cruel, barbarous. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] > strict or severe (of rules, judgement, or discipline) strongeOE starkc1175 sharpa1340 strait1390 unrelaxed1508 exacta1538 severe1562 strict1578 weightya1616 stringent1846 ramrod1850 medieval1917 tough1961 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > lack of civilization > [adjective] wilda1300 bestiala1398 wilderna1400 savagine?a1439 barbaric1490 rudea1530 barbar1535 barbarous1538 pagan1550 uncivil1553 Scythical1559 raw?1573 savaged1583 incivil1586 savage1589 barbarian1591 uncivilized1607 negerous1609 mountainous1613 ruvid1632 ruvidous1632 barbarious1633 incivilizeda1645 alabandical1656 inhumanea1680 tramontane1740 semi-barbarous1798 irreclaimed1814 semi-savage1833 semiferine1854 warrigal1855 sloven1856 semi-barbaric1864 pre-civilized1876 wild and woolly1884 jungle1908 medieval1917 jungli1920 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [adjective] > barbarously barbarical1569 barbarous1594 Turkish1602 Moorish1795 Saracenic1836 Turk-like1850 medieval1917 Neanderthalic1922 1883 Mem. Vol. Rev. A. M'Lean 231 A curious mixture of mediæval rigidity and modern spasmodism.] 1917 Church Times 26 Oct. 335/4 When military officers inflict upon him cruelties almost mediæval, our sympathy goes with him. 1963 M. McCarthy Group xiv. 330 It was medieval of Macy's to fire her because she'd had a breakdown. 1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express (1980) vi. 122 The medieval sight of small children binding up bouquets of flowers with bleeding fingers and being shouted at by cruel old men. 1988 Financial Times 8 June i. 44/3 He stressed he was not seeking vengeance or punishment but a deterrent. Hanging was ‘medieval and barbaric’ and there were more humane methods. b. U.S. to get medieval: to use violence or extreme measures on, to become aggressive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > behave violently or use force [verb (intransitive)] to do outragec1325 to make forcea1340 deray1340 outrayc1390 to make strengtha1393 tar and tig?a1500 bull1884 strong-arm1906 to kick ass1977 to get medieval1994 1994 Q. Tarantino & R. Avary Pulp Fiction 131 I ain't through with you by a damn sight. I'm gonna git Medieval on your ass. 1996 Rolling Stone 13 July 85/3 And with the metal-on-metal grinding and old-school synth whoops..Faust and O'Rourke really get medieval. 1999 Washington Post 9 May f1 I have no idea why we're talking about sending ground troops to Kosovo when we can send a fleet of Ford Expeditions and Lincoln Navigators over there. What's Milosevic going to throw at them—Yugos? These things will get medieval with Yugos. 2000 N.Y. Times 5 May e8/1 The teenage crowd screamed and cheered—but only when Macbeth got medieval on someone. B. n. †1. humorous. A person of middle age. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1845 S. Coleridge Let. 20 Jan. (1873) 321 I myself and many other mediævals can read their productions with unabated pleasure. 2. A person who lived in the Middle Ages. Also: a person whose outlook or perspective is (regarded as) characteristic of or resembles that of the Middle Ages. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of ancient or medieval Europe > [noun] arethedea1440 medievalist1855 medieval1856 1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters III. 193 The elements of their minds by which..they are connected with the mediævals and moderns. 1894 C. H. H. Parry Stud. Great Composers: Palestrina 3 Though their music was so limited the mediævals contrived to make some fine effects with it. 1933 A. N. Whitehead Adventures of Ideas iv. 60 Lucretius, Cicero, Virgil were mediaevals in their relation to Hellenic literature and speculation. a1963 C. S. Lewis Discarded Image (1964) iii. 39 Yet all the while she [sc. Nature] is, for the medievals, only a personification. 1974 A. L. Rowse in Listener 18 Apr. 494/3 The Elizabethans..were medievals, like Chaucer's people, for the most part free and easy in their sex-life. 1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 84 Medievals had a habit of quoting standard authors from memory without giving references. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1817
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