medicinen.¹

Brit.

/ˈmɛd(ᵻ)s(ᵻ)n/, U.S.

/ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English medcoyne, Middle English medcyn, Middle English medesen, Middle English medesine, Middle English medesyn, Middle English medesyne, Middle English medisine, Middle English medsyon (transmission error), Middle English medysun, Middle English medysyn, Middle English meedecyne, Middle English metecine, Middle English meticine, Middle English metisine, Middle English mettecyn, Middle English metycyne, Middle English midicyne, Middle English mydycyn, Middle English–1500s medcyne, Middle English–1500s medecene, Middle English–1500s medecyn, Middle English–1500s medecyne, Middle English–1500s medicyn, Middle English–1500s medicyne, Middle English–1500s medsin, Middle English–1500s medsyn, Middle English–1500s medycin, Middle English–1500s medycine, Middle English–1500s medycyne, Middle English–1600s medicen, Middle English–1600s medicene, Middle English–1700s medicin, Middle English–1800s medecine, Middle English– medicine, late Middle English medicyim, late Middle English medsine, late Middle English medycyn, late Middle English medycyue (transmission error), late Middle English meydsan (transmission error), 1500s meddicine, 1500s medesin, 1500s medeson, 1500s medisin, 1500s medson, 1500s medyson, 1500s medysone, 1500s medysyne, 1500s metson, 1500s–1600s medcin, 1500s–1600s med'cin, 1500s–1600s medcine, 1500s–1600s medecin, 1500s–1700s med'cine, 1500s–1800s medecen, 1600s medison, 1600s 1800s– metsin (English regional (south-western)); also U.S. (originally North American) 1600s medson, 1700s–1800s medison, 1700s– medicine, 1800s meddison, 1800s medecine, 1800s medeson, 1800s medisan, 1800s medisin; Scottish pre-1700 madecyne, pre-1700 madicyne, pre-1700 meadysen, pre-1700 meddicine, pre-1700 medeceane, pre-1700 medecene, pre-1700 medecine, pre-1700 medecyn, pre-1700 medecyne, pre-1700 medesein, pre-1700 medesin, pre-1700 medicein, pre-1700 medicen, pre-1700 medicin, pre-1700 medicyne, pre-1700 mediecein, pre-1700 medisene, pre-1700 medycyn, pre-1700 medycyne, pre-1700 medysyne, pre-1700 1700s– medicine, pre-1700 1800s– medecin (Shetland), pre-1700 1900s– medicene.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French medicine.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French medicine, medecine medicament, remedy (first half of the 12th cent.), the art of medicine (late 13th cent.; French médecine ) < classical Latin medicīna art or practice of healing, medicine, administration of drugs, remedy, treatment (also in figurative applications), also physician's house, surgery, clinic, in post-classical Latin also elixir (from 13th cent. in British sources), probably < medicus medic n.¹ + -īna -ine suffix⁴ (see discussion below). Compare Italian medicina (13th cent.), Spanish medicina (c1250), Old Occitan medecina, medicina (both 14th cent.), Portuguese medicina (16th cent.); also Dutch medicijn, German Medizin, Danish medicin, Swedish medicin.It is possible that classical Latin medicīna should be regarded as a use as noun of the feminine of an adjective medicīnus (short for e.g. ars medicīna, rēs medicīna, taberna medicīna). The adjective is apparently attested in classical Latin in the phrases ars medicīna and rēs medicīna, but the latter is not attested until the late 2nd cent., and the former, in Varro, may represent an appositive use of the noun. The formation of the adjective may thus have been suggested by the pre-existence of the noun. The disyllabic pronunciation (recognized by Johnson 1755) has existed at least from the 14th cent., as the forms occasionally indicate. N.E.D. (1906) stated that the trisyllabic pronunciation was less common in England, but that in Scotland and in the United States it was apparently the prevailing usage, and that examples of it occur in verse of all periods, from the 14th cent. onwards. N.E.D. also stated that the trisyllabic pronunciation was by many objected to as either pedantic or vulgar. The trisyllabic form still predominates in Scotland and in North America; H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage (1926) recommends the disyllabic pronunciation, while subsequent editions note the increasing frequency of the trisyllabic pronunciation in England. It is uncertain whether the following represents a variant in form, or simply an alteration for the purposes of rhyme:c1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Coventry) (1973) 2078 And out of trees þere commith venym And there ayens is noo medicyim.

a. A substance or preparation used in the treatment of illness; a drug; esp. one taken by mouth. Also: such substances generally. Also in extended use.cough, patent medicine: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun]

medicine?c1225

pottingary1474

druggery1507

physicary?1577

stuffa1616

materia medica1663

muti1860

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament

medicine?c1225

physicc1325

treacle1340

dia1377

pharmacyc1385

drugc1400

medicament?1440

applyment1561

spece1605

pharmack1643

eradicative1654

medicinal1667

medicinable1683

operative1716

pharmaceutical1829

pharmaceutic1927

meds1967

macrofilaricide1978

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 136 Þu seist þet nis nan neod medicine.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 129 (MED) Him yefþ zuych a byter medecine þet him helþ.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 99 Skabbe is curable wiþ metisines þat..clensiþ wiþinne & wiþoute.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1378 Cedre, ciprese, and pine, O þam sal man haue medicen.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 93 He had burnyd his hand & his brethir made a medcyn & layd þer-vnto.

1464 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 291 Fore Goddys sake be ware what medesynys ye take of any fysissyanys of London.

1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) vii. lxix. 288 Medycyne maye neuer be sykerly take, yf the cause of the euyll is vnknowe.

a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. ix. sig. o.iiii^v All phisike and medicyns were founde to her in vayne.

1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 110^v The more he fancieth his metson, the better it shall proue with him.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 600 Their old men..they strangle with an Oxe-taile, which medicine they minister likewise to those that have grieuous diseases.

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 4 Haue ready your medicines to binde vp the wound againe.

1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job xvi. 3 If the eye be inflamed, the mildest Medicine troubleth it.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 116 From the Founts where living Sulphurs boyl, They mix a Med'cine to foment their Limbs.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. i. 20 While the whole Operation was performing, I lay in a profound sleep, by the force of that soporiferous Medicine infused into my Liquor.

1741–3 J. Wesley Extract of Jrnl. (1749) 15 One of the mistresses lay..near death, having found no help from all the medicines she had taken.

1841 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 3) ii. vii. 363 The action of the bowels may be restored with little or no aid from medicine.

1896 A. R. White Youth's Educator xxv. 310 In calling upon the sick, do not inquire what medicine they are taking, and express your doubts of its efficacy.

1897 H. Tennyson Alfred Ld. Tennyson: Mem. I. xv. 334 [Quoting Ld. Tennyson] Having heard that Henry Taylor was ill, Carlyle rushed off from London to Sheen with a bottle of medicine.

1930 W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 241 She just wanted a little medicine. She's got a bad case of dysentery.

1969 Guardian 28 Feb. 4/4 Every patient prescribed liquid medicine by his doctor will receive a plastic spoon which will hold five millilitres of medicine.

1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 131 Atabrin, originally a dye but also given as a medicine to U.S. servicemen.., actually turned a lot of the men yellow.

†b. An effective remedy, cure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > a cure or remedy

leechcraftc888

leechdoma900

bootOE

helpc1000

pigment?a1200

remedya1382

medicinea1393

application?a1425

sanativec1440

healer?1523

recovery1576

curative1577

mithridate1587

cure1623

presidy1657

therapeutic1842

therapeutical1845

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 167 Ne hyd it noght, for if thou feignest, I can do the no medicine.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 6140 Scho gat sone medecyne Of the sekenes þat had hir pynde.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Ei Arnold..was so etyn with lyse & coud haue no medecin & dyed.

†c. A drug used for other than remedial purposes, as a cosmetic, poison, potion, philtre, etc. Also: the philosopher's stone, the elixir. Also figurative (as in quot. a1500): a method, a means. Obsolete.Later use (from mid 18th cent.) in connection with the shamanistic or occult practices of non-European peoples is not regarded as continuous with this usage (see e.g. quot. 1974 at sense 5a); but cf. also note at sense 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > non-remedial medicine

medicinec1395

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > occult medicine

medicinec1395

amulet1718

amuletic1753

muti1860

maleficium1965

c1395 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 244 They speke of sondry hardyng of metal And..of medicynes ther with al.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 24 If þaim think þam noȝt blak ynough..þai vse certayne medecynes for to make þam black withall.

a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 463 (MED) God haþ ordeyned medicyn to knowe falsed of anticrist.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. N ij Then enoint thei both that [sc. the body] and their face with certaine medicines..whereby thei become..slicke and smothe.

1555 W. Waterman tr. Josephus in tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions App. X viij b No Israelite shall haue any medecine of death, ne otherwise made to do anye maner of hurte.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 59^v Knowest thou not, that fish caught with medicines, and women gotten with witchcraft are neuer wholesome?

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. ii. 19 If the rascall haue not giuen me medicines to make mee loue him, ile be hangd.

?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses xii. 187 And as an Angler, medcine for surprise Of little fish, sits powring from the rocks.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 61 She is abus'd, stolne from me and corrupted, By spels and medicines .

1652 Norton's Ordinal of Alchemy i, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum 20 But to make trew Silver or Gold is noe ingin, Except only the Philosophers medicine.

†d. colloquial. [Compare French prendre (une) médecine (1638).] A purgative. Chiefly in to take (a) medicine. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > drink

black draught1823

medicine1830

1830 R. Southey in Foreign Rev. 5 290 On the day when signal was made for sailing, he had taken a medicine, which was in those times considered a more serious affair than it is now.

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 532/2 Medicine is, also, used..for a purging potion.

1873 Littell's Living Age 26 Apr. 254/2 The first chapter treats of his Majesty's health, informing us..when he was inoculated or bled, or when he took medicine.

1886 Harper's Mag. June 125/2 The cardinal, being still alarmed, took medicine and an emetic, and was easily cured.

2. figurative.

a. A remedy (as in spiritual, psychological, or social matters), (now) esp. one which is necessary but disagreeable or unwelcome.In Middle English frequently: salvation or divine grace, esp. in epithets of Christ or the Virgin Mary.The expression ‘strong medicine’ in recent colloquial (esp. North American) use frequently alludes, at least in part, to sense 5a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > remedy > mental, moral, or spiritual

salvec1175

medicine?c1225

physica1393

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 128 Þurch medicine of schrift. & þurch bireowsunge.

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 84 (MED) Suche a deaþ a [sc. Christ] vnder-ȝede Of lyf þe medicine.

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. i. 33 (MED) Mesure is medicine, þeiȝ þou muche ȝerne.

a1425 (?1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 224 (MED) Medecyne for alle siche synne is to be cloþid in Jesus Crist.

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 157 Medycyne here-of is ferst to caste out þe wose of glotonye.

c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 93 To putte in proofe..thoperacion..of this medicine, the remembraunce of these foure last thinges.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 2 The miserable haue no other medicine But onely hope.

1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne vii. 161 If any of their sins were deemed fit by the Confessor to come abroad in publick, they were admitted to that publick Medicine.

1787 T. Jefferson Let. 28 July in Papers (1955) XI. 633 It is indeed a strong medicine for sensible minds, but it is a medicine.

1832 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) 761 This tract is a very treasure, and never more usable as a medicine for our clergy.

1842 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. ix. 157 He finds in constant employment a medicine for great grief.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out x. 143 Talk was the medicine she trusted to.

1968 New Scientist 21 Nov. 418/3 Looking into an aquarium..is just the medicine for a chap who has spent all day rat-racing against a computer.

1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iv. 150 William Proxmire of Wisconsin..had endorsed Volcker's initiatives immediately, conceding that the Fed was applying ‘strong medicine’ but praising its courage.

1991 Harper's Mag. Dec. 34/1 While we have been arguing so fiercely about which books make the best medicine, the patient has been slipping deeper and deeper into a coma.

b. colloquial. to take one's medicine: to submit to or endure something necessary or deserved but disagreeable; to learn a lesson. a taste (also dose, etc.) of one's own (kind of) medicine: repayment or retaliation in kind; tit for tat. the same medicine: the same or similar treatment.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > be patient [phrase] > endure something disagreeable

to take one's medicine1858

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > offer no resistance [verb (intransitive)] > submit to action

givec950

sufferc1315

submita1525

acquiesce1660

to take one's medicine1858

the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [noun] > that which is done in return

quo1577

a taste (also dose, etc.) of one's own (kind of) medicine1894

1858 Harper's Mag. Apr. 716/2 The next day he was in hands again for another dose of the same medicine, to be applied outwardly, and well beaten in.

1860 S. A. Douglas in H. Greeley Polit. Text-bk. 131/1 I would like Mr. Lincoln to answer this question. I would like him to take his own medicine.

1894 P. L. Ford Hon. Peter Stirling xxvii. 150 ‘He snubbed me..,’ explained Miss De Voe, smiling slightly at the thought of treating Peter with a dose of his own medicine.

1903 N.Y. Times 21 Sept. 7/5 Canada can do nothing—she must take her medicine and make the best of it.

1904 J. London Sea-wolf xxv. 228 I'm going to give that brother of mine a taste of his own medicine.

1939 T. S. Eliot Family Reunion i. i. 18 Make him feel that what has happened doesn't matter. He's taken his medicine, I've no doubt.

1961 C. Willock Death in Covert xii. 217 I set the spring-guns, sir... I'm willing to take my medicine for that.

1968 E. Gaines in A. Chapman New Black Voices (1972) 102 He ain't the first one they ever beat and he won't be the last one, and getting in it will just bring you a dose of the same medicine.

1994 E. McNamee Resurrection Man (1998) xxiv 221 Every time you turn on the telly there's some politician talking the mouth off himself, dose of their own medicine's what they want.

†3. An object or procedure intended to have healing power; a method or process of curative or preventative treatment; a defence against illness or injury. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > course of treatment

medicinec1325

regimena1400

regiment?a1425

discipline?a1439

regime1864

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 3073 (MED) In þe verroste stede of affric geans wule vette Þulke stones vor medicine.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3203 (MED) Thei upon this medicine Apointen hem..That..Thei wolde him bathe in childes blod.

a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 51^v (MED) Þe oost may..be kept in bodiliche helthe..bi holsom place, holsom wateres, holsom medicyne, & bi labour and trauaile.

a1500 Walter of Henley's Husbandry (Sloane) (1890) 55 Let þem [sc. sheep] be sprenkled..with watur and þen put þem in a howse..for it is good medsine for þe sekenys.

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 44 Kings & Queenz of this Ream, withoout oother medsin (saue only by handling & prayerz), only doo cure it [sc. the king's evil].

1579 T. Hill tr. L. Fioravanti Ioyfull Iewell sig. Fiii Meruell not that I write this medicin, because the earth is our mother, and that which purifieth all things.

a. The science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease (in technical use often taken to exclude surgery).forensic, fringe, holistic, nuclear, preventive, space medicine, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [noun]

leechcraftc888

physicc1325

medicinec1330

physicality1592

physics1626

medics1663

physianthropy1828

thereology1841

leechery1892

med1931

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1204 Þe fair leuedi, þe quene, Louesom vnder line And sleiȝest had y bene, And mest couþe of medici [n] e.

a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) i. 659 Phebus, that first fond art of medicyne.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v I am a maystresse in medecyne, and canne gyue remedy to al manere of sekenes by myn arte.

a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Abbot of Tungland in Poems (1998) I. 57 He murdreist in to medecyne.

1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 1446, in Wks. (1931) I. 184 And als, be his naturall ingyne, He lernit the Art of Medicyne.

1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. i. 3 Art may be said, either to imitate nature, as in limming and pictures, or to help nature, as in medicine.

1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. §10 Medicine is justly distributed into Prophylactick..and Therapeutick.

1756 Connoisseur No. 116. ⁋2 The graduate in medicine, finding himself unsolicited for prescription or advice.

1826 Lancet 7 Oct. 1/1 We must be contented to use the word medicine, although it is equivocal, being frequently employed in contradistinction to surgery.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 178 The peaceful man of medicine.

1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 17 Medicine, in the largest sense of the term, comprehends everything pertaining to the knowledge and cure of disease. In a more restricted sense, the term is used in contradistinction to Surgery and Obstetrics.

1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole 93 I took up medicine again in England.

1932 Discovery Oct. 327/2 Ross..was..awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine.

1962 Becoming a Doctor (Brit. Med. Assoc.) 27 These hospital appointments are in medicine, surgery, or obstetrics.

1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities ii. 60 Coleridge, not yet thirty, was a physically sick man, poorly served by the medicine of the time.

b. The medical establishment or profession; professional medical practitioners collectively.

ΚΠ

1966 Random House Dict. Eng. Lang. 890/3 Medicine, the medical profession.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 1 Feb. 251/1 Direct governmental support of medical students and medical schools were vigorously opposed at one time or another by organized medicine.

1972 Science 19 May 779/1 Around May Day every year, academic medicine holds a reunion on the boardwalk in Atlantic City.

1989 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Med. Sept. 518/1 The crucial difficulty which confronts Medicine is that it requires collectiveness for its fabric and individualism for its human relationships.

a. Among North American Indians: magical power, esp. for healing or protection; an object or practice thought to possess or convey this; a spell, charm, or fetish (cf. manitou n.); (sometimes) a totem. Also with distinguishing word, as bad (also big, good, strong, etc.) medicine. Hence: something similar among other peoples.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > fetish

fetisheer1665

manitou1671

festiso1680

medicine1767

wakon1841

fetish1849

fetishry1885

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > magic power

medicine1767

mana1843

anting-anting1890

orenda1902

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > American Indian medicine

medicine1767

mystery1841

1767 J. Carver Jrnl. (1976) 116 Some of these chiefs could not be prevaild upon to tast any spiritious liquors..as they lookd upon it as a bad medison.

1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 2 May in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 101 Every thing which is incomprehensible to the indians they call big medicine, and is the operation of the presents and power of the great sperit.

1805 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 17 This they called their great medicine; or as I understood the word, dance of religion.

1825 G. Simpson Jrnl. in Fur Trade (1931) 136 Some of them have it that I am one of the ‘Master of Life's Sons’ sent to see ‘if their hearts were good’ and others that I am his ‘War Chief’ with bad medicine if their hearts were bad.

1836 A. Gallatin Synopsis 110 Each of these [tribal divisions of the Omahaws] derives its name from some animal, part of an animal, or other substance, which is considered as the peculiar sacred object, or medicine, as the Canadians call it, of each band respectively.

1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. xii. 272 They [sc. the Bechuana tribes] also believe that for every transaction there is a medicine which will enable the possessor to succeed in his object.

1870 J. Lubbock Origin of Civilisation (ed. 2) v. 168 When he sleeps the first animal of which he dreams becomes his ‘medicine’.

1904 D. Kidd Essent. Kafir 174 The diviner is supposed to be bound to find not only the culprit but also the magic medicine used.

1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. v. liv. 241 It became noised about..that I was a great witch doctor and was in possession of big medicine.

1944 Beaver (Winnipeg) Sept. 15/2 These strange men have nearly altogether died off, and I know of none of them now living who used to make what they called ‘strong medicine’ in the late seventies.

1974 J. C. Ewers Horsemen of Plains in J. Billard World of Amer. Indian 300 The Sioux, Crow, and Assiniboin sought elk power as a love medicine.

1988 R. J. Conley Witch of Goingsnake & Stories 127 ‘I looked that car over and found the medicine. It was in a little sack tied onto the steering linkage.’ ‘You mean someone's trying to kill you using medicine?’ ‘That's right.’

1991 L. Shorten Without Reserve i. 32 He refused to have the pellet cut out, believing it was good medicine.

†b. = medicine man n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > sorcerer or medicine man > American Indian

medicine man1801

medicine1817

medicine woman1834

mystery1841

mystery man1841

mediciner1852

1817 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 70 Eleven Sioux Indians, who had given or devoted their clothes to the medicine, ran into the camp.

1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie II. xii. 199 The incantations of the medecine.

1846 T. B. Thorpe Myst. of Backwoods 58 The whole tribe had..learned to respect him, and to look upon him as a great ‘Medicine’.

c. to make medicine, (a) (among North American Indians) to engage in rituals intended to secure the favour of supernatural powers; (b) colloquial to confer, to reach agreement through discussion.

ΚΠ

1805 W. Clark Jrnl. 11 Jan. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) III. 271 Some of our men go to See a war medison..made at the village on the opposit Side of the river.]

1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. 248 [For] nearly every animal they hunt for,..they ‘make medicine’ for several days, to conciliate the bear (or other) Spirit, to ensure a successful season.

1890 N. P. Langford Vigilante Days (1912) 511 ‘Forty-niner’ made medicine over the fallen chief, and removed his scalp.

a1918 G. Stuart 40 Years on Frontier (1925) I. 129 The musicians are usually unsuccessful gamblers, pounding and singing to make ‘medicine’, so that the next time they would be lucky.

1929 J. F. Dobie Vaquero of Brush Country ix ‘I'll need somebody to go over the writing and put it into shape.’ We made medicine, and John Young began firing in certain episodes out of his career.

1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee xi. 265 Along the way Isatai made medicine and reassured the warriors.

1990 G. Blondin When World was New 28 They went back to the village and told the people that they planned to make medicine to find out more about these evil birds.

d. colloquial bad medicine n. something or someone sinister or ill-fated, or representing danger or bad luck.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > causing or bringing misfortune > one who or that which

foota1225

woea1300

infortunec1405

infortunate1558

jettatura1822

bad medicine1857

hoodoo1882

voodoo1902

jinx1911

mock1911

mocker1923

kiss of death1948

1835 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 80 [The cargo] consisted of whisky..and a box ‘of such bad medicine as the medicine men kill the white people with when they get sick.’]

1857 Harper's Mag. Oct. 644/2 The Indians, incensed at his obstinate refusal, pronounced him ‘wah keitcha’ (bad medicine), murmured because he did not freely ‘open his hand’.

1869 Harper's Mag. Jan. 151/2 Will Comstock was sure that it was bad ‘medicine’ (luck) to camp on the Stinking Water.

1945 P. Cheyney I'll say she Does! ii. 38 I'd like to talk to him. He's bad medicine.

1964 ‘E. Peters’ Flight of Witch i. 25 ‘Did you know that outcrop of rock is known locally as the Altar?’..‘So that's it,’ he said. ‘Just bad medicine.’

1973 P. O'Donnell Silver Mistress xiii. 216 Momma's gotta go redundant. She's a great kid..but she's gonna be bad medicine on the run.

6. North American colloquial. The secretion of a beaver's scent glands, used in bait for trapping beavers. More fully beaver medicine. Cf. castor n.¹ 2. Now chiefly historical.By some authorities associated with sense 5a (in which sense the collocation ‘beaver medicine’ is attested in the late 20th cent.); but cf. quots. 1580 at sense 1c, ?1614 at sense 1c.

ΚΠ

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. 15 A small twig is then stripped of its bark, and one end is dipped in the ‘medicine’, as the trappers term the peculiar bait which they employ.

a1857 D. Thompson Narr. Explor. W. Amer. 1784–1812 (1916) i. xx. 317 Traps for beaver..of which the bait is the castorum of the beaver, called the beaver medicine.

1861 Canad. Naturalist Feb. 7 The gin covered inside the jaws, with a well fitting ‘pallet’ of birch bark, is placed indifferently either under or upon the snow, and on the pallet a piece of hair skin, well rubbed with the ‘medicine’ is tied.

1884 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 20 The ‘medicine’ used as bait, sometimes denominated ‘barkstone’, is the product of a gland of the beaver.

1907 M. Hunter Canad. Wilds 204 Beaver medicine and castorum would not allure him.

1947 B. A. De Voto Across Wide Missouri 157 The trapper..called it ‘medicine’, ‘castoreum’, or the like and carried it in a plugged horn at his belt.

7. slang. Intoxicating drink. Cf. lotion n. 1b, poison n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun]

drink1042

liquor1340

bousea1350

cidera1382

dwale1393

sicera1400

barrelc1400

strong drinkc1405

watera1475

swig1548

tipple1581

amber1598

tickle-brain1598

malt pie1599

swill1602

spicket1615

lap1618

John Barleycornc1625

pottle1632

upsy Englisha1640

upsy Friese1648

tipplage1653

heartsease1668

fuddle1680

rosin1691

tea1693

suck1699

guzzlea1704

alcohol1742

the right stuff1748

intoxicant1757

lush1790

tear-brain1796

demon1799

rum1799

poison1805

fogram1808

swizzle1813

gatter1818

wine(s) and spirit(s)1819

mother's milkc1821

skink1823

alcoholics1832

jough1834

alky1844

waipiro1845

medicine1847

stimulant1848

booze1859

tiddly1859

neck oil1860

lotion1864

shrab1867

nose paint1880

fixing1882

wet1894

rabbit1895

shicker1900

jollop1920

mule1920

giggle-water1929

rookus juice1929

River Ouse1931

juice1932

lunatic soup1933

wallop1933

skimish1936

sauce1940

turps1945

grog1946

joy juice1960

1847 in F. Oehlschlaeger Old Southwest Humor from St. Louis Reveille (1990) 207 They..adjourned to the shanty, and called for the ‘medicine’.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 20/1 As long as you can find young men that's conceited about their musical talents, fond of taking their medicine (drinking).

1891 J. S. Farmer Slang II. 326/1 Drinks,..Invitations to drink,..What's your medicine?

1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! vi. 48 All round me the underpaid Glesca boozers were lashing out good loot for their medicine.

Compounds

C1. (In sense 1.)

medicine bottle n.

ΚΠ

1809 H. M. Reynolds-Rathbone Diary 15 Aug. (1905) 146 Sorted medecine bottles, etc., upstairs.

1846 Daily News 21 Jan. 4/1 The stamp on newspapers is not like the stamp on Universal Medicine-Bottles, which licenses anything, however false and monstrous.

1992 Stornoway Gaz. 18 Apr. 9/5 He stuck me in front of a sink full of returned medicine bottles.

medicine cabinet n.

ΚΠ

1897 Harper's Mag. Sept. 642/1 I see her fill the gou'd dipper an' go to her medicine-cabinet, an' then she come to me an' she says, says she, ‘Open yore mouth!’

1899 Montgomery Ward Catal. 576/2 Medicine cabinet, made of oak.

1922 S. Lewis Babbitt i. 5 Above the set bowl was a..medicine cabinet.

1991 J. Phillips You'll never eat Lunch in this Town Again (1992) p. xx Since I was in their bathroom anyway, I checked their medicine cabinet.

medicine chest n.

ΚΠ

1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates x. 241 The King Solomon, and Elizabeth Medicine-Chest, he owns he plundered.

1828 J. Rymer (title) A Treatise on Diet and Regimen..To which are added a Posological Table, or medicine chest directory [etc.].

a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) Concl. 416 Isabel sent us a wedding present—a lovely medicine chest full of homœopathic medicines.

1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 36/2 A missionary's medicine chest, containing a complete selection of drugs and first aid accessories.

medicine cupboard n.

ΚΠ

1886 E. Gosse Unequal Yoke in Eng. Illustr. Mag. Apr. 502/2 Her mother fetched from the medicine cupboard a diminutive bottle, originally designed for hair-oil and now dedicated to brandy.

1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 131/3 Fumed oak Medicine Cupboard..4/7.

1966 A. E. Lindop I start Counting xiii. 151 I fled to the bathroom. I yanked open the medicine cupboard so hard that the mirror came off its hinges.

1999 Daily News (Taranaki, N.Z.) (Electronic ed.) 4 Nov. 3 If a child comes in and gets into the medicine cupboard, everyone needs to be alert to that.

medicine-dropper n.

ΚΠ

1868 U.S. Patent 79,487 30 June 1 I, Patrick J. McElroy..have invented an Improved Medicine-Dropper... My invention consists in a tube (preferably made of glass,) to be attached to the bottle-cork or stopper, [etc.].

1880 Amer. Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. 1 208/1 I have used such a medicine dropper to hold and apply glycerin jelly, with great satisfaction.

1990 N. Baker Room Temperature xiv. 110 I was..aligning myself and my peanut butter jar with unchampagneworthy domestic exhaustion-machines like medicine droppers, suction darts, [etc.].

medicine-mixer n. rare

ΚΠ

1860 J. C. Jeaffreson Bk. about Doctors I. 79 The mean medicine-mixers..dashing by in their carriages.

medicine-monger n.

ΚΠ

1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke 8 Oft times men.., casting their eyes vpon some attempts of these barbarous medicine-mongers..desirously oft times entertaine the messengers and ministers of vnrecoverable miserie.

1795 Fortnights Ramble through London (new ed.) 33 Uncounted are the candidates for fame, who humbly crouched to this mock medicine-monger.

1875 R. Browning Inn Album vi. 172 Here's the sick man's first honorarium for—Posting his medicine-monger at the Club!

1893 Littell's Living Age 14 Oct. 127/1 Certain remedies of medieval medicine-mongers savoring of the witches' broth in Macbeth.

medicine-taker n.

ΚΠ

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 87 (MED) Yf þe sonne and þe mone bothe be yn tokenynge fleumatyk, lightly þe medicyn takere shal forth lede.

1871 A. Clark Workday Christianity 276 The medicine-takers, the grumblers,..the worlds's whole motley herd of unhappy and invalid people, are generally the idle and inactive.

medicine ball n. a large and heavy stuffed ball, usually of leather, which is thrown and caught for exercise.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > equipment > others

trochus1706

troque1743

chamber horse1747

dumb-bell1785

stock1831

rowing machine1848

chest-expander1850

weights1862

stationary bicycle1883

punching bag1888

medicine ball1895

punching ball1895

stationary bike1899

kettlebell1908

rower1933

Exercycle1936

exercise bicycle1937

exercise bike1946

exercise cycle1952

roller1970

life cycle1973

multi-gym1976

gut-buster1983

roller1992

1895 Crescent (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1 Nov. 14/1 While Charlie Notman opines that the ‘gym’ needs more medicine ball, the few inoffensive ones now on hand are kicking for more ‘gym’.

1903 W. L. Savage in Athletics & Outdoor Sports for Women 49 The illustrations below show two of the methods for passing medicine balls.

1930 Bulletin 13 Feb. 8/2 The Prince of Wales..instead of indulging in..tennis and quoits, preferred to devote the time after tea to throwing the medicine ball.

1990 R. H. Bork Tempting of Amer. 278 A trainer repeatedly throws a medicine ball at a boxer's solar plexus.

medicine glass n. a small drinking-glass graduated for use in measuring medicines.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other medical equipment > [noun] > vessels

jordanc1386

treacler1415

lickpot1665

patella1703

medicine glass1853

1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xi. 208 Lady Glenmire..rummaged up all Mrs. Jamieson's medicine glasses, and spoons, and bed-tables.

1968 D. Francis Forfeit xvi. 199 A medicine glass of disprin and nepenthe.

medicine seal n. Archaeology a small cubical or oblong stone inscribed in intaglio, used by Roman physicians (esp. oculists) for labelling drugs (see also oculist's stamp n. at oculist n. Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > pharmacist's equipment

cyath?1543

slice1611

oculist's stamp1778

pharmacometer1830

medicine stamp1849

medicine seal1851

pill tile1852

cyathus1854

pill slab1893

1851 J. Y. Simpson in Monthly Jrnl. Med. Sci. Mar. 238 Roman medicine-seals.

medicine show n. North American a travelling show in which entertainers attract customers to whom medicine can be sold; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > other shows or spectacles

raree-show1718

cattle-show1815

flower-show1845

baby show1854

trade show1854

horse-show1856

dress parade1870

field show1870

bottle show1883

medicine show1903

aquacade1937

icecapade1940

talent show1955

1903 R. L. McCardell Conversat. Chorus Girl 15 Why, with that medicine show's twenty-four sheet stands.

1938 H. Asbury Sucker's Progress 355 Minnie and Colorado Charley then organized a medicine show with which they traveled through Mexico and Central America.

1970 P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 96 With the demise of the work song, the blues became the song vehicle to accompany labour and, in earlier years, for the medicine show or the barber shop.

1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 1247/1 There were tent shows.., water circuses, and medicine shows.

medicine spoon n. a spoon for administering medicine, spec. (now chiefly historical) a spoon with a covered bowl and small aperture, designed for giving medicines to children or mentally disturbed patients without spillage.

ΚΠ

1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 377/2 The medicine-spoon invented by Mr. George Gibson.

1864 H. James Let. 18 Apr. (1974) I. 52 Naught remained but..the medicine-spoon.

1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 334/1 A pewter Gibson medicine spoon, c1870.

medicine stamp n. = medicine seal n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > pharmacist's equipment

cyath?1543

slice1611

oculist's stamp1778

pharmacometer1830

medicine stamp1849

medicine seal1851

pill tile1852

cyathus1854

pill slab1893

1849 C. Roach Smith in Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. 4 280 On a Roman medicine stamp..found at Kenchester.

1851 J. Y. Simpson in Monthly Jrnl. Med. Sci. Jan. 39 Notices of ancient Roman Medicine-stamps..found in Great Britain.

medicine tree n. the horseradish tree, Moringa oleifera, from which poultices, ointments, and other traditional remedies are or were derived.

ΚΠ

1896 Contemp. Rev. 70 383 They went along the road and found a medicine-tree, and the rabbit put..the medicine..into his bag.

1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Medicine tree, the horse-radish tree.

1992 E. Hoagland in Balancing Acts 184 Antonio led us through the woods—monkey bushes, ink plants, medicine trees—..to a cave he'd found.

C2. (In sense 5.)

medicine animal n.

ΚΠ

1869 Ladies' Repository Aug. 146/1 The Winnebagoes say their monstrous medicine animal still exists, and they have pieces of the bones which belong to them, which they use as charms.

1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture II. xv. 211 The worship paid by the North American Indian to his medicine animal [etc.].

1927 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 32 595 The American Indians named their children in honor of a medicine animal, or bird, thus invoking their protection.

medicine arrow n.

ΚΠ

1863 J. L. Fisk Exped. Rocky Mts. 5 Antoine Freniere described it to be a ‘medicine arrow’.

1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 340/1 A group of Bow String men whipped with their quirts the aged and respected keeper of the Medicine Arrows, the Cheyennes' most sacred possession.

medicine bag n.

ΚΠ

1797 C. Chaboillez Jrnl. in B. C. Payette Northwest (1964) [I] made him consent to go for his Medicine Bag.

1896 J. McDougall Saddle, Sled & Snowshoe xxiv. 275 With their medicine-bags in hand they stood like statues.

2007 M. J. Putney Distant Magic 174 Adia opened her medicine bag and poured a collection of objects on the ground.

medicine bundle n.

ΚΠ

1926 Jrnl. Philos. 23 548 Why the religion of the Todas should center about the dairy,..and the Blackfoot about the medicine bundle is a problem for the culture historian.

1951 J. Neihardt When Tree Flowered xiv. 106 So he began making a medicine bundle, and that was the first time the boy knew why Sharp Nose wanted the bladder and the tallow.

1992 P. G. Allen Sacred Hoop (new ed.) 85 Mostly it is concerned with the loss of the ritual center of the people, the Feather Boy medicine bundle that is their source of..spiritual identity.

medicine chief n.

ΚΠ

a1821 R. Hood To Arctic by Canoe (1974) 133 He then asked if we had not a medicine chief, who could prevent any person from dying, while he remained on their lands.

1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters II. xvii. 285 One was the medicine chief, as I could tell by the flowing white hair.

1958 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 44 749 This work..deals with the life of a man who could boast of having been buffalo hunter, medicine chief,..and originator of the wild West show.

medicine dance n.

ΚΠ

1805 W. Clark Jrnl. 5 Jan. (1987) III. 268 We sent a man to this Medisan Dance last night.

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xv. 205 Then they..Danced their medicine-dance around him.

1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 20 Oct. 12/2 It [sc. a textbook] reduces our sun dance and medicine dance to a toilet-paper project.

medicine drum n.

ΚΠ

1801 A. Henry Jrnl. 1 Jan. (1988) I. 103 The fellow came accordingly with his drum and medicine bag.]

c1834 in Minnesota Hist. Bull. 6 (1925) 346 The Indian Cotanse is this Evening beating his Medicine Drum, & his wild Song echoes through the forest. He is preparing for a hunt.

1861 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. Jan. 29 The sick woman was lying in a buffalo skin tent; the conjuror, painted and decorated, employed himself in beating a medicine drum within a few feet of her.

1928 Long Lance 50 We used to stand at a distance from the medicine-tepee and listen to the pounding of the big Miteyawin medicine-drum.

medicine fast n.

ΚΠ

1898 A. Lang Making Relig. iii. 61 The medicine-fast, at the age of puberty.

1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee v. 116 During that summer Roman Nose had made many medicine fasts to obtain special protection against enemies.

medicine hunt n.

ΚΠ

1876 D. G. Brinton Myths of New World (ed. 2) 176 Michabo Ovisaketchak, the Great Hare who created the Earth,..was the founder of the medicine hunt.

1909 J. Macaulay Grey Hawk (new ed.) x. 196 My companions thought it necessary to have recourse to a medicine hunt. To..the best hunters, a little bag of medicine was given... This was to be applied to the little figures of animals we wished to kill.

medicine pipe n.

ΚΠ

1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians I. xv. 111 At that hour..with medicine-pipes in his hands and foxes tails attached to his heels, entered Mah-to-he-hah (the old bear).

1986 R. B. Morrison & C. R. Wilson Native Peoples xx. 405 The first thunderstorm of spring heralded a ritual of the medicine pipe owners [among the Blackfoot], while the thunder itself was considered to be a powerful deity.

medicine pouch n.

ΚΠ

1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xv. 205 Then they shook their medicine-pouches O'er the head of Hiawatha.

1988 R. Caron Jojo vi. 63 Noah had been entrusted with all the revered objects needed for Native ceremonies... His load would include..a medicine pouch containing a mixture of sweetgrass, sage, abalone, sweet flag roots, cedar, and kinnikinnik tobacco.

medicine sack n.

ΚΠ

a1831 J. Smith Jrnl. in M. S. Sullivan Trav. J. Smith (1934) 5 You observe at the door [of the Indian Lodge] three straight and handsome poles set up in a triangular form and joined together at the top, on which is suspended the medicine sack of the owner, consisting of such things as he fancies to possess a certain undefined charm.

1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi App. d. 613 See my medicine-sack, and my war club tied to it.

medicine song n.

ΚΠ

1791 J. Long Voy. Indian Interpreter 97 Our Indians having made up huts, began to sing their medicine songs to induce the Wasses to partake of a feast.

1866 Atlantic Monthly July 119/1 The spirits of the dead are appeased by medicine songs and offerings.

1951 J. Neihardt When Tree Flowered xv. 126 While they were doing this they kept dropping water into my mouth a little at a time, and Blue Spotted Horse sang a medicine song.

medicine stone n.

ΚΠ

1805 W. Clark Jrnl. 21 Feb. (1987) III. 299 Several men of their nation was gorn to Consult their Medison Stone.

1823 E. James Acct. Exped. Rocky Mts. I. 252 The Me-ma-ho-pa or medicine stone of the Gros ventres, or Minnetarees,..is a large, naked, insulated rock... The Minnetarees resort to it, for the purpose of propitiating their Man-ho-pa or Great Spirit.

1885 Henshaw in Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 1 110 The use of the medicine-stones among the San Buenaventura Indians.

1986 H. Kraft Lenape vi. 184 ‘Medicine stones’ or ‘emergency gifts’, often concretions found in the alimentary organs of certain ruminants, were kept in separate pouches.

medicine tent n.

ΚΠ

1806 E. Coues New Light Early Hist. Greater N.W. I. 388 The affair went on very slowly, and it was not without many speeches, smoking-matches, and persuasive arguments, that the medicine-tent was prepared.

1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 25 Dec. 818/1 For whole nights previous to the public and final ceremony of the dog-feast, the principal medicine-man, installed in his medicine-tent, instructs his pupils.

1939 Beaver (Winnipeg) Dec. 26/1 The inner, or ‘medicine’ tent, was enclosed by a great outer tent one hundred feet in circumference covered with the leather lodge coverings borrowed from the assembled tribes.

medicine tree n.

ΚΠ

a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iv. vi. 353 On Tamaiti's medicine-tree..the model canoes are hung up ex voto for a prosperous voyage.

medicine line n. chiefly historical (originally among North American Indians) the border between Canada and the United States, esp. from Ontario westwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > border between Canada and U.S.

medicine line1910

1910 A. L. Haydon Riders of Plains 95 The Indians..called the International Boundary the ‘Medicine Line’, assuming that in the absence of any agreement between the two Governments relative to this crime, they were perfectly safe on one side of the line with regard to what had been done on the other.

1959 N. Sluman Blackfoot Crossing 33 Crowfoot says that the border—the medicine line—protects his people from the Long Knives.

1993 Vancouver Sun 31 Dec. a14 Check the stats and you find that south of the medicine line, 74 per cent of American women and 53 per cent of men would rather make money than make love.

medicine lodge n. (a) a structure used for religious ceremonies by certain North American Indian peoples; a ceremony held in such a structure; (b) a religious society among these peoples.

ΚΠ

1808 C. Mackenzie in L. R. Masson Les Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest (1889) 1st Ser. 354 The women were directed to go into the woods for branches to cover the Medecine lodge.

1901 F. H. Giddings Inductive Sociol. 207 Religious Societies—..In North American Indian tribes, they are known as Medicine Lodges.

1947 Westerners' Brand Bk. (Denver Posse) 27 The Indians began leaving the reservations and heading north to hold a ‘Medicine Lodge’ with their allies.

1988 T. Ferris Coming of Age in Milky Way (1989) i. i. 22 The twenty-eight peoples of Cheyenne and Sioux medicine lodges are said to have been used to mark the days of the lunar month: ‘In setting up the sun dance lodge..we are really making the universe in a likeness.’

medicine murder n. (in Africa, esp. in Lesotho) murder committed to obtain parts of the body for magic; ritual murder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > [noun] > to obtain (part of) body

headhunting1817

burkism1829

burking1831

medicine murder1952

1947 Times 25 Oct. 3/5 Seventeen Africans were sentenced to death in two cases..here today for committing murder for ‘medicine’.]

1952 Basutoland 1951 (H.M.S.O.) ix. 57 During 1951 fourteen trial cases..were heard by the High Court. Two of these cases dealt with the crime known as Medicine Murder.

1988 E. W. Brown Interval in Afr. vi. 324 Some of us have been reading about medicine murder and how ingrained traditions and superstitions are not easily eradicated.

medicine society n. North American any of the groups of initiated healers or medicine men among American Indians; spec. the Midewiwin (Midewiwin n.) or Grand Medicine Society (Grand Medicine Society n. at grand adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2).

ΚΠ

1767 in J. Carver Jrnls. (1976) 108 The [Naudowessee]..have..a particular society into which a member to be admitted requires a great deal of ceremony. This is calld the medicin society.

1856 C. Lanman Adventures Wilds U.S. I. 80 During my stay at Leech Lake I had an opportunity of witnessing a Medicine Dance, and of obtaining some information with regard to the Medicine Society.

1910 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians II. 838/2 There existed among some tribes large medicine societies, composed principally of patients cured of serious ailments.

1992 P. G. Allen Sacred Hoop (new ed.) 87 Initiation into a medicine society or into shamanhood requires a transformation analogous to that experienced by the hunted deer.

medicine wheel n. one of various circular or radiating arrangements of stones built by ancient North American Indian peoples of the Great Plains, presumed to have religious, astronomical, territorial, or calendrical significance; also spec. (with capital initials) the large construction of this type in the Big Horn mountains of northern Wyoming.

ΚΠ

1895 Forest & Stream 28 Sept. 269/2 On the very top of Medicine Mountain can still be seen the so-called Medicine Wheel, the plan and the general arrangement of which bear a striking resemblance to the famous Calendar Stone of Old Mexico. As the name implies, this Medicine Wheel is a circle composed of loose stones.

1922 Amer. Anthropologist 24 219 The so-called Medicine Wheel, in Wyoming, has long been known to a few white men and always to the Indians.

1953 Herald Mag. 26 Oct. 3/4 I had opportunity in recent weeks of inspecting three well-defined and well preserved circles of stones, best known as Indian tepee rings or medicine wheels.

1992 Canad. Geographic July 53/1 The very term medicine wheel is a misnomer coined by white people. American settlers and miners invented the expression in the 1880s when Indians directed them to a stone ring in Wyoming.

medicine wolf n. U.S. (among Plains Indians) a coyote.

ΚΠ

1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. xv. 147 This little, whining, feast-smelling animal, is..called among Indians the ‘medicine wolf’.

1860 in Colorado Mag. (1938) 15 30 Went up town and saw a young grizzly bear, a young swift or medicine wolf much resembling a fox.

1995 Backpacker (Electronic ed.) 1 Sept. 144 Rick had stumbled upon a coyote caught and dying in a leg-hold trap... The little ‘medicine wolf’ wobbled and flopped over.

medicine woman n. a female healer or shaman among North American Indians; cf. medicine man n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > sorcerer or medicine man > American Indian

medicine man1801

medicine1817

medicine woman1834

mystery1841

mystery man1841

mediciner1852

1834 Knickerbocker 4 372 The mother evinced her sagacity, as a diviner or medicine woman.

1932 F. B. Linderman Red Mother 9 Pretty-shield is a ‘Wise-one’, a medicine-woman, of the Crow tribe.

1992 Independent 6 Jan. 28/2 He may have been voted Atlantic City Entertainer of the Year in 1985, but he has also trance danced with Shabaree Redbird, a Lakota medicine woman.

Derivatives

ˈmedicine-like adj.

ΚΠ

a1555 Lady Fane Let. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1445/1 His sweatenes..maketh all these Poticarie dregges of the worlde, euen medicinlyke in my mouthe.

1832 R. C. Sands Introd. in Tales of Glauber-Spa I. 9 The doctor said that the Spaw, as he called it, was medicine-like, and must only be taken by advice.

1983 Social Psychol. Q. 46 45/1 When we are strongly suggesting that user-derived and standardized manipulation checks are a necessity, we are not making patent medicine-like claims for their efficacy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	medicine
释义	medicinen.¹ Brit. /ˈmɛd(ᵻ)s(ᵻ)n/, U.S. /ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English medcoyne, Middle English medcyn, Middle English medesen, Middle English medesine, Middle English medesyn, Middle English medesyne, Middle English medisine, Middle English medsyon (transmission error), Middle English medysun, Middle English medysyn, Middle English meedecyne, Middle English metecine, Middle English meticine, Middle English metisine, Middle English mettecyn, Middle English metycyne, Middle English midicyne, Middle English mydycyn, Middle English–1500s medcyne, Middle English–1500s medecene, Middle English–1500s medecyn, Middle English–1500s medecyne, Middle English–1500s medicyn, Middle English–1500s medicyne, Middle English–1500s medsin, Middle English–1500s medsyn, Middle English–1500s medycin, Middle English–1500s medycine, Middle English–1500s medycyne, Middle English–1600s medicen, Middle English–1600s medicene, Middle English–1700s medicin, Middle English–1800s medecine, Middle English– medicine, late Middle English medicyim, late Middle English medsine, late Middle English medycyn, late Middle English medycyue (transmission error), late Middle English meydsan (transmission error), 1500s meddicine, 1500s medesin, 1500s medeson, 1500s medisin, 1500s medson, 1500s medyson, 1500s medysone, 1500s medysyne, 1500s metson, 1500s–1600s medcin, 1500s–1600s med'cin, 1500s–1600s medcine, 1500s–1600s medecin, 1500s–1700s med'cine, 1500s–1800s medecen, 1600s medison, 1600s 1800s– metsin (English regional (south-western)); also U.S. (originally North American) 1600s medson, 1700s–1800s medison, 1700s– medicine, 1800s meddison, 1800s medecine, 1800s medeson, 1800s medisan, 1800s medisin; Scottish pre-1700 madecyne, pre-1700 madicyne, pre-1700 meadysen, pre-1700 meddicine, pre-1700 medeceane, pre-1700 medecene, pre-1700 medecine, pre-1700 medecyn, pre-1700 medecyne, pre-1700 medesein, pre-1700 medesin, pre-1700 medicein, pre-1700 medicen, pre-1700 medicin, pre-1700 medicyne, pre-1700 mediecein, pre-1700 medisene, pre-1700 medycyn, pre-1700 medycyne, pre-1700 medysyne, pre-1700 1700s– medicine, pre-1700 1800s– medecin (Shetland), pre-1700 1900s– medicene. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French medicine. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French medicine, medecine medicament, remedy (first half of the 12th cent.), the art of medicine (late 13th cent.; French médecine ) < classical Latin medicīna art or practice of healing, medicine, administration of drugs, remedy, treatment (also in figurative applications), also physician's house, surgery, clinic, in post-classical Latin also elixir (from 13th cent. in British sources), probably < medicus medic n.¹ + -īna -ine suffix⁴ (see discussion below). Compare Italian medicina (13th cent.), Spanish medicina (c1250), Old Occitan medecina, medicina (both 14th cent.), Portuguese medicina (16th cent.); also Dutch medicijn, German Medizin, Danish medicin, Swedish medicin.It is possible that classical Latin medicīna should be regarded as a use as noun of the feminine of an adjective medicīnus (short for e.g. ars medicīna, rēs medicīna, taberna medicīna). The adjective is apparently attested in classical Latin in the phrases ars medicīna and rēs medicīna, but the latter is not attested until the late 2nd cent., and the former, in Varro, may represent an appositive use of the noun. The formation of the adjective may thus have been suggested by the pre-existence of the noun. The disyllabic pronunciation (recognized by Johnson 1755) has existed at least from the 14th cent., as the forms occasionally indicate. N.E.D. (1906) stated that the trisyllabic pronunciation was less common in England, but that in Scotland and in the United States it was apparently the prevailing usage, and that examples of it occur in verse of all periods, from the 14th cent. onwards. N.E.D. also stated that the trisyllabic pronunciation was by many objected to as either pedantic or vulgar. The trisyllabic form still predominates in Scotland and in North America; H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage (1926) recommends the disyllabic pronunciation, while subsequent editions note the increasing frequency of the trisyllabic pronunciation in England. It is uncertain whether the following represents a variant in form, or simply an alteration for the purposes of rhyme:c1450 Mandeville's Trav. (Coventry) (1973) 2078 And out of trees þere commith venym And there ayens is noo medicyim. 1. a. A substance or preparation used in the treatment of illness; a drug; esp. one taken by mouth. Also: such substances generally. Also in extended use.cough, patent medicine: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] medicine?c1225 pottingary1474 druggery1507 physicary?1577 stuffa1616 materia medica1663 muti1860 the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament medicine?c1225 physicc1325 treacle1340 dia1377 pharmacyc1385 drugc1400 medicament?1440 applyment1561 spece1605 pharmack1643 eradicative1654 medicinal1667 medicinable1683 operative1716 pharmaceutical1829 pharmaceutic1927 meds1967 macrofilaricide1978 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 136 Þu seist þet nis nan neod medicine. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 129 (MED) Him yefþ zuych a byter medecine þet him helþ. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 99 Skabbe is curable wiþ metisines þat..clensiþ wiþinne & wiþoute. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1378 Cedre, ciprese, and pine, O þam sal man haue medicen. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 93 He had burnyd his hand & his brethir made a medcyn & layd þer-vnto. 1464 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 291 Fore Goddys sake be ware what medesynys ye take of any fysissyanys of London. 1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) vii. lxix. 288 Medycyne maye neuer be sykerly take, yf the cause of the euyll is vnknowe. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) ii. ix. sig. o.iiii^v All phisike and medicyns were founde to her in vayne. 1565 T. Stapleton Fortresse of Faith f. 110^v The more he fancieth his metson, the better it shall proue with him. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 600 Their old men..they strangle with an Oxe-taile, which medicine they minister likewise to those that have grieuous diseases. 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 4 Haue ready your medicines to binde vp the wound againe. 1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job xvi. 3 If the eye be inflamed, the mildest Medicine troubleth it. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 116 From the Founts where living Sulphurs boyl, They mix a Med'cine to foment their Limbs. View more context for this quotation 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. i. 20 While the whole Operation was performing, I lay in a profound sleep, by the force of that soporiferous Medicine infused into my Liquor. 1741–3 J. Wesley Extract of Jrnl. (1749) 15 One of the mistresses lay..near death, having found no help from all the medicines she had taken. 1841 A. Combe Physiol. Digestion (ed. 3) ii. vii. 363 The action of the bowels may be restored with little or no aid from medicine. 1896 A. R. White Youth's Educator xxv. 310 In calling upon the sick, do not inquire what medicine they are taking, and express your doubts of its efficacy. 1897 H. Tennyson Alfred Ld. Tennyson: Mem. I. xv. 334 [Quoting Ld. Tennyson] Having heard that Henry Taylor was ill, Carlyle rushed off from London to Sheen with a bottle of medicine. 1930 W. Faulkner As I lay Dying 241 She just wanted a little medicine. She's got a bad case of dysentery. 1969 Guardian 28 Feb. 4/4 Every patient prescribed liquid medicine by his doctor will receive a plastic spoon which will hold five millilitres of medicine. 1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 131 Atabrin, originally a dye but also given as a medicine to U.S. servicemen.., actually turned a lot of the men yellow. †b. An effective remedy, cure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > [noun] > a cure or remedy leechcraftc888 leechdoma900 bootOE helpc1000 pigment?a1200 remedya1382 medicinea1393 application?a1425 sanativec1440 healer?1523 recovery1576 curative1577 mithridate1587 cure1623 presidy1657 therapeutic1842 therapeutical1845 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 167 Ne hyd it noght, for if thou feignest, I can do the no medicine. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 6140 Scho gat sone medecyne Of the sekenes þat had hir pynde. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Ei Arnold..was so etyn with lyse & coud haue no medecin & dyed. †c. A drug used for other than remedial purposes, as a cosmetic, poison, potion, philtre, etc. Also: the philosopher's stone, the elixir. Also figurative (as in quot. a1500): a method, a means. Obsolete.Later use (from mid 18th cent.) in connection with the shamanistic or occult practices of non-European peoples is not regarded as continuous with this usage (see e.g. quot. 1974 at sense 5a); but cf. also note at sense 6. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > non-remedial medicine medicinec1395 the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > enchantment or casting spells > [noun] > occult medicine medicinec1395 amulet1718 amuletic1753 muti1860 maleficium1965 c1395 G. Chaucer Squire's Tale 244 They speke of sondry hardyng of metal And..of medicynes ther with al. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 24 If þaim think þam noȝt blak ynough..þai vse certayne medecynes for to make þam black withall. a1500 (c1380) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 463 (MED) God haþ ordeyned medicyn to knowe falsed of anticrist. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. ix. N ij Then enoint thei both that [sc. the body] and their face with certaine medicines..whereby thei become..slicke and smothe. 1555 W. Waterman tr. Josephus in tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions App. X viij b No Israelite shall haue any medecine of death, ne otherwise made to do anye maner of hurte. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 59^v Knowest thou not, that fish caught with medicines, and women gotten with witchcraft are neuer wholesome? 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 ii. ii. 19 If the rascall haue not giuen me medicines to make mee loue him, ile be hangd. View more context for this quotation ?1614 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses xii. 187 And as an Angler, medcine for surprise Of little fish, sits powring from the rocks. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 61 She is abus'd, stolne from me and corrupted, By spels and medicines . View more context for this quotation 1652 Norton's Ordinal of Alchemy i, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum 20 But to make trew Silver or Gold is noe ingin, Except only the Philosophers medicine. †d. colloquial. [Compare French prendre (une) médecine (1638).] A purgative. Chiefly in to take (a) medicine. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > cleansing or expelling medicines > [noun] > purgative > drink black draught1823 medicine1830 1830 R. Southey in Foreign Rev. 5 290 On the day when signal was made for sailing, he had taken a medicine, which was in those times considered a more serious affair than it is now. 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 532/2 Medicine is, also, used..for a purging potion. 1873 Littell's Living Age 26 Apr. 254/2 The first chapter treats of his Majesty's health, informing us..when he was inoculated or bled, or when he took medicine. 1886 Harper's Mag. June 125/2 The cardinal, being still alarmed, took medicine and an emetic, and was easily cured. 2. figurative. a. A remedy (as in spiritual, psychological, or social matters), (now) esp. one which is necessary but disagreeable or unwelcome.In Middle English frequently: salvation or divine grace, esp. in epithets of Christ or the Virgin Mary.The expression ‘strong medicine’ in recent colloquial (esp. North American) use frequently alludes, at least in part, to sense 5a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > remedy > mental, moral, or spiritual salvec1175 medicine?c1225 physica1393 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 128 Þurch medicine of schrift. & þurch bireowsunge. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 84 (MED) Suche a deaþ a [sc. Christ] vnder-ȝede Of lyf þe medicine. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. i. 33 (MED) Mesure is medicine, þeiȝ þou muche ȝerne. a1425 (?1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 224 (MED) Medecyne for alle siche synne is to be cloþid in Jesus Crist. c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 157 Medycyne here-of is ferst to caste out þe wose of glotonye. c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 93 To putte in proofe..thoperacion..of this medicine, the remembraunce of these foure last thinges. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 2 The miserable haue no other medicine But onely hope. View more context for this quotation 1657 T. Aylesbury Treat. Confession of Sinne vii. 161 If any of their sins were deemed fit by the Confessor to come abroad in publick, they were admitted to that publick Medicine. 1787 T. Jefferson Let. 28 July in Papers (1955) XI. 633 It is indeed a strong medicine for sensible minds, but it is a medicine. 1832 S. T. Coleridge Lett. (1895) 761 This tract is a very treasure, and never more usable as a medicine for our clergy. 1842 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. ix. 157 He finds in constant employment a medicine for great grief. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out x. 143 Talk was the medicine she trusted to. 1968 New Scientist 21 Nov. 418/3 Looking into an aquarium..is just the medicine for a chap who has spent all day rat-racing against a computer. 1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iv. 150 William Proxmire of Wisconsin..had endorsed Volcker's initiatives immediately, conceding that the Fed was applying ‘strong medicine’ but praising its courage. 1991 Harper's Mag. Dec. 34/1 While we have been arguing so fiercely about which books make the best medicine, the patient has been slipping deeper and deeper into a coma. b. colloquial. to take one's medicine: to submit to or endure something necessary or deserved but disagreeable; to learn a lesson. a taste (also dose, etc.) of one's own (kind of) medicine: repayment or retaliation in kind; tit for tat. the same medicine: the same or similar treatment. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > be patient [phrase] > endure something disagreeable to take one's medicine1858 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > offer no resistance [verb (intransitive)] > submit to action givec950 sufferc1315 submita1525 acquiesce1660 to take one's medicine1858 the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > [noun] > that which is done in return quo1577 a taste (also dose, etc.) of one's own (kind of) medicine1894 1858 Harper's Mag. Apr. 716/2 The next day he was in hands again for another dose of the same medicine, to be applied outwardly, and well beaten in. 1860 S. A. Douglas in H. Greeley Polit. Text-bk. 131/1 I would like Mr. Lincoln to answer this question. I would like him to take his own medicine. 1894 P. L. Ford Hon. Peter Stirling xxvii. 150 ‘He snubbed me..,’ explained Miss De Voe, smiling slightly at the thought of treating Peter with a dose of his own medicine. 1903 N.Y. Times 21 Sept. 7/5 Canada can do nothing—she must take her medicine and make the best of it. 1904 J. London Sea-wolf xxv. 228 I'm going to give that brother of mine a taste of his own medicine. 1939 T. S. Eliot Family Reunion i. i. 18 Make him feel that what has happened doesn't matter. He's taken his medicine, I've no doubt. 1961 C. Willock Death in Covert xii. 217 I set the spring-guns, sir... I'm willing to take my medicine for that. 1968 E. Gaines in A. Chapman New Black Voices (1972) 102 He ain't the first one they ever beat and he won't be the last one, and getting in it will just bring you a dose of the same medicine. 1994 E. McNamee Resurrection Man (1998) xxiv 221 Every time you turn on the telly there's some politician talking the mouth off himself, dose of their own medicine's what they want. †3. An object or procedure intended to have healing power; a method or process of curative or preventative treatment; a defence against illness or injury. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > course of treatment medicinec1325 regimena1400 regiment?a1425 discipline?a1439 regime1864 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 3073 (MED) In þe verroste stede of affric geans wule vette Þulke stones vor medicine. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. 3203 (MED) Thei upon this medicine Apointen hem..That..Thei wolde him bathe in childes blod. a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 51^v (MED) Þe oost may..be kept in bodiliche helthe..bi holsom place, holsom wateres, holsom medicyne, & bi labour and trauaile. a1500 Walter of Henley's Husbandry (Sloane) (1890) 55 Let þem [sc. sheep] be sprenkled..with watur and þen put þem in a howse..for it is good medsine for þe sekenys. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 44 Kings & Queenz of this Ream, withoout oother medsin (saue only by handling & prayerz), only doo cure it [sc. the king's evil]. 1579 T. Hill tr. L. Fioravanti Ioyfull Iewell sig. Fiii Meruell not that I write this medicin, because the earth is our mother, and that which purifieth all things. 4. a. The science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease (in technical use often taken to exclude surgery).forensic, fringe, holistic, nuclear, preventive, space medicine, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > [noun] leechcraftc888 physicc1325 medicinec1330 physicality1592 physics1626 medics1663 physianthropy1828 thereology1841 leechery1892 med1931 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1204 Þe fair leuedi, þe quene, Louesom vnder line And sleiȝest had y bene, And mest couþe of medici [n] e. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) i. 659 Phebus, that first fond art of medicyne. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v I am a maystresse in medecyne, and canne gyue remedy to al manere of sekenes by myn arte. a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Abbot of Tungland in Poems (1998) I. 57 He murdreist in to medecyne. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 1446, in Wks. (1931) I. 184 And als, be his naturall ingyne, He lernit the Art of Medicyne. 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. i. 3 Art may be said, either to imitate nature, as in limming and pictures, or to help nature, as in medicine. 1725 I. Watts Logick i. vi. §10 Medicine is justly distributed into Prophylactick..and Therapeutick. 1756 Connoisseur No. 116. ⁋2 The graduate in medicine, finding himself unsolicited for prescription or advice. 1826 Lancet 7 Oct. 1/1 We must be contented to use the word medicine, although it is equivocal, being frequently employed in contradistinction to surgery. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 178 The peaceful man of medicine. 1866 A. Flint Treat. Princ. Med. 17 Medicine, in the largest sense of the term, comprehends everything pertaining to the knowledge and cure of disease. In a more restricted sense, the term is used in contradistinction to Surgery and Obstetrics. 1891 C. T. C. James Romantic Rigmarole 93 I took up medicine again in England. 1932 Discovery Oct. 327/2 Ross..was..awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 1962 Becoming a Doctor (Brit. Med. Assoc.) 27 These hospital appointments are in medicine, surgery, or obstetrics. 1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities ii. 60 Coleridge, not yet thirty, was a physically sick man, poorly served by the medicine of the time. b. The medical establishment or profession; professional medical practitioners collectively. ΚΠ 1966 Random House Dict. Eng. Lang. 890/3 Medicine, the medical profession. 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 1 Feb. 251/1 Direct governmental support of medical students and medical schools were vigorously opposed at one time or another by organized medicine. 1972 Science 19 May 779/1 Around May Day every year, academic medicine holds a reunion on the boardwalk in Atlantic City. 1989 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Med. Sept. 518/1 The crucial difficulty which confronts Medicine is that it requires collectiveness for its fabric and individualism for its human relationships. 5. a. Among North American Indians: magical power, esp. for healing or protection; an object or practice thought to possess or convey this; a spell, charm, or fetish (cf. manitou n.); (sometimes) a totem. Also with distinguishing word, as bad (also big, good, strong, etc.) medicine. Hence: something similar among other peoples. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > fetish fetisheer1665 manitou1671 festiso1680 medicine1767 wakon1841 fetish1849 fetishry1885 the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > magic power medicine1767 mana1843 anting-anting1890 orenda1902 the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > American Indian medicine medicine1767 mystery1841 1767 J. Carver Jrnl. (1976) 116 Some of these chiefs could not be prevaild upon to tast any spiritious liquors..as they lookd upon it as a bad medison. 1805 M. Lewis Jrnl. 2 May in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) IV. 101 Every thing which is incomprehensible to the indians they call big medicine, and is the operation of the presents and power of the great sperit. 1805 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi (1810) 17 This they called their great medicine; or as I understood the word, dance of religion. 1825 G. Simpson Jrnl. in Fur Trade (1931) 136 Some of them have it that I am one of the ‘Master of Life's Sons’ sent to see ‘if their hearts were good’ and others that I am his ‘War Chief’ with bad medicine if their hearts were bad. 1836 A. Gallatin Synopsis 110 Each of these [tribal divisions of the Omahaws] derives its name from some animal, part of an animal, or other substance, which is considered as the peculiar sacred object, or medicine, as the Canadians call it, of each band respectively. 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming Five Years Hunter's Life S. Afr. I. xii. 272 They [sc. the Bechuana tribes] also believe that for every transaction there is a medicine which will enable the possessor to succeed in his object. 1870 J. Lubbock Origin of Civilisation (ed. 2) v. 168 When he sleeps the first animal of which he dreams becomes his ‘medicine’. 1904 D. Kidd Essent. Kafir 174 The diviner is supposed to be bound to find not only the culprit but also the magic medicine used. 1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. v. liv. 241 It became noised about..that I was a great witch doctor and was in possession of big medicine. 1944 Beaver (Winnipeg) Sept. 15/2 These strange men have nearly altogether died off, and I know of none of them now living who used to make what they called ‘strong medicine’ in the late seventies. 1974 J. C. Ewers Horsemen of Plains in J. Billard World of Amer. Indian 300 The Sioux, Crow, and Assiniboin sought elk power as a love medicine. 1988 R. J. Conley Witch of Goingsnake & Stories 127 ‘I looked that car over and found the medicine. It was in a little sack tied onto the steering linkage.’ ‘You mean someone's trying to kill you using medicine?’ ‘That's right.’ 1991 L. Shorten Without Reserve i. 32 He refused to have the pellet cut out, believing it was good medicine. †b. = medicine man n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > sorcerer or medicine man > American Indian medicine man1801 medicine1817 medicine woman1834 mystery1841 mystery man1841 mediciner1852 1817 J. Bradbury Trav. Amer. 70 Eleven Sioux Indians, who had given or devoted their clothes to the medicine, ran into the camp. 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie II. xii. 199 The incantations of the medecine. 1846 T. B. Thorpe Myst. of Backwoods 58 The whole tribe had..learned to respect him, and to look upon him as a great ‘Medicine’. c. to make medicine, (a) (among North American Indians) to engage in rituals intended to secure the favour of supernatural powers; (b) colloquial to confer, to reach agreement through discussion. ΚΠ 1805 W. Clark Jrnl. 11 Jan. in Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Exped. (1987) III. 271 Some of our men go to See a war medison..made at the village on the opposit Side of the river.] 1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians II. 248 [For] nearly every animal they hunt for,..they ‘make medicine’ for several days, to conciliate the bear (or other) Spirit, to ensure a successful season. 1890 N. P. Langford Vigilante Days (1912) 511 ‘Forty-niner’ made medicine over the fallen chief, and removed his scalp. a1918 G. Stuart 40 Years on Frontier (1925) I. 129 The musicians are usually unsuccessful gamblers, pounding and singing to make ‘medicine’, so that the next time they would be lucky. 1929 J. F. Dobie Vaquero of Brush Country ix ‘I'll need somebody to go over the writing and put it into shape.’ We made medicine, and John Young began firing in certain episodes out of his career. 1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee xi. 265 Along the way Isatai made medicine and reassured the warriors. 1990 G. Blondin When World was New 28 They went back to the village and told the people that they planned to make medicine to find out more about these evil birds. d. colloquial bad medicine n. something or someone sinister or ill-fated, or representing danger or bad luck. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > causing or bringing misfortune > one who or that which foota1225 woea1300 infortunec1405 infortunate1558 jettatura1822 bad medicine1857 hoodoo1882 voodoo1902 jinx1911 mock1911 mocker1923 kiss of death1948 1835 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 80 [The cargo] consisted of whisky..and a box ‘of such bad medicine as the medicine men kill the white people with when they get sick.’] 1857 Harper's Mag. Oct. 644/2 The Indians, incensed at his obstinate refusal, pronounced him ‘wah keitcha’ (bad medicine), murmured because he did not freely ‘open his hand’. 1869 Harper's Mag. Jan. 151/2 Will Comstock was sure that it was bad ‘medicine’ (luck) to camp on the Stinking Water. 1945 P. Cheyney I'll say she Does! ii. 38 I'd like to talk to him. He's bad medicine. 1964 ‘E. Peters’ Flight of Witch i. 25 ‘Did you know that outcrop of rock is known locally as the Altar?’..‘So that's it,’ he said. ‘Just bad medicine.’ 1973 P. O'Donnell Silver Mistress xiii. 216 Momma's gotta go redundant. She's a great kid..but she's gonna be bad medicine on the run. 6. North American colloquial. The secretion of a beaver's scent glands, used in bait for trapping beavers. More fully beaver medicine. Cf. castor n.¹ 2. Now chiefly historical.By some authorities associated with sense 5a (in which sense the collocation ‘beaver medicine’ is attested in the late 20th cent.); but cf. quots. 1580 at sense 1c, ?1614 at sense 1c. ΚΠ 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. 15 A small twig is then stripped of its bark, and one end is dipped in the ‘medicine’, as the trappers term the peculiar bait which they employ. a1857 D. Thompson Narr. Explor. W. Amer. 1784–1812 (1916) i. xx. 317 Traps for beaver..of which the bait is the castorum of the beaver, called the beaver medicine. 1861 Canad. Naturalist Feb. 7 The gin covered inside the jaws, with a well fitting ‘pallet’ of birch bark, is placed indifferently either under or upon the snow, and on the pallet a piece of hair skin, well rubbed with the ‘medicine’ is tied. 1884 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 20 The ‘medicine’ used as bait, sometimes denominated ‘barkstone’, is the product of a gland of the beaver. 1907 M. Hunter Canad. Wilds 204 Beaver medicine and castorum would not allure him. 1947 B. A. De Voto Across Wide Missouri 157 The trapper..called it ‘medicine’, ‘castoreum’, or the like and carried it in a plugged horn at his belt. 7. slang. Intoxicating drink. Cf. lotion n. 1b, poison n. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun] drink1042 liquor1340 bousea1350 cidera1382 dwale1393 sicera1400 barrelc1400 strong drinkc1405 watera1475 swig1548 tipple1581 amber1598 tickle-brain1598 malt pie1599 swill1602 spicket1615 lap1618 John Barleycornc1625 pottle1632 upsy Englisha1640 upsy Friese1648 tipplage1653 heartsease1668 fuddle1680 rosin1691 tea1693 suck1699 guzzlea1704 alcohol1742 the right stuff1748 intoxicant1757 lush1790 tear-brain1796 demon1799 rum1799 poison1805 fogram1808 swizzle1813 gatter1818 wine(s) and spirit(s)1819 mother's milkc1821 skink1823 alcoholics1832 jough1834 alky1844 waipiro1845 medicine1847 stimulant1848 booze1859 tiddly1859 neck oil1860 lotion1864 shrab1867 nose paint1880 fixing1882 wet1894 rabbit1895 shicker1900 jollop1920 mule1920 giggle-water1929 rookus juice1929 River Ouse1931 juice1932 lunatic soup1933 wallop1933 skimish1936 sauce1940 turps1945 grog1946 joy juice1960 1847 in F. Oehlschlaeger Old Southwest Humor from St. Louis Reveille (1990) 207 They..adjourned to the shanty, and called for the ‘medicine’. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 20/1 As long as you can find young men that's conceited about their musical talents, fond of taking their medicine (drinking). 1891 J. S. Farmer Slang II. 326/1 Drinks,..Invitations to drink,..What's your medicine? 1992 J. Torrington Swing Hammer Swing! vi. 48 All round me the underpaid Glesca boozers were lashing out good loot for their medicine. Compounds C1. (In sense 1.) a. medicine bottle n. ΚΠ 1809 H. M. Reynolds-Rathbone Diary 15 Aug. (1905) 146 Sorted medecine bottles, etc., upstairs. 1846 Daily News 21 Jan. 4/1 The stamp on newspapers is not like the stamp on Universal Medicine-Bottles, which licenses anything, however false and monstrous. 1992 Stornoway Gaz. 18 Apr. 9/5 He stuck me in front of a sink full of returned medicine bottles. medicine cabinet n. ΚΠ 1897 Harper's Mag. Sept. 642/1 I see her fill the gou'd dipper an' go to her medicine-cabinet, an' then she come to me an' she says, says she, ‘Open yore mouth!’ 1899 Montgomery Ward Catal. 576/2 Medicine cabinet, made of oak. 1922 S. Lewis Babbitt i. 5 Above the set bowl was a..medicine cabinet. 1991 J. Phillips You'll never eat Lunch in this Town Again (1992) p. xx Since I was in their bathroom anyway, I checked their medicine cabinet. medicine chest n. ΚΠ 1724 ‘C. Johnson’ Gen. Hist. Pyrates x. 241 The King Solomon, and Elizabeth Medicine-Chest, he owns he plundered. 1828 J. Rymer (title) A Treatise on Diet and Regimen..To which are added a Posological Table, or medicine chest directory [etc.]. a1902 F. Norris Pit (1903) Concl. 416 Isabel sent us a wedding present—a lovely medicine chest full of homœopathic medicines. 1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 36/2 A missionary's medicine chest, containing a complete selection of drugs and first aid accessories. medicine cupboard n. ΚΠ 1886 E. Gosse Unequal Yoke in Eng. Illustr. Mag. Apr. 502/2 Her mother fetched from the medicine cupboard a diminutive bottle, originally designed for hair-oil and now dedicated to brandy. 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 131/3 Fumed oak Medicine Cupboard..4/7. 1966 A. E. Lindop I start Counting xiii. 151 I fled to the bathroom. I yanked open the medicine cupboard so hard that the mirror came off its hinges. 1999 Daily News (Taranaki, N.Z.) (Electronic ed.) 4 Nov. 3 If a child comes in and gets into the medicine cupboard, everyone needs to be alert to that. medicine-dropper n. ΚΠ 1868 U.S. Patent 79,487 30 June 1 I, Patrick J. McElroy..have invented an Improved Medicine-Dropper... My invention consists in a tube (preferably made of glass,) to be attached to the bottle-cork or stopper, [etc.]. 1880 Amer. Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. 1 208/1 I have used such a medicine dropper to hold and apply glycerin jelly, with great satisfaction. 1990 N. Baker Room Temperature xiv. 110 I was..aligning myself and my peanut butter jar with unchampagneworthy domestic exhaustion-machines like medicine droppers, suction darts, [etc.]. medicine-mixer n. rare ΚΠ 1860 J. C. Jeaffreson Bk. about Doctors I. 79 The mean medicine-mixers..dashing by in their carriages. medicine-monger n. ΚΠ 1612 J. Cotta Short Discouerie Dangers Ignorant Practisers Physicke 8 Oft times men.., casting their eyes vpon some attempts of these barbarous medicine-mongers..desirously oft times entertaine the messengers and ministers of vnrecoverable miserie. 1795 Fortnights Ramble through London (new ed.) 33 Uncounted are the candidates for fame, who humbly crouched to this mock medicine-monger. 1875 R. Browning Inn Album vi. 172 Here's the sick man's first honorarium for—Posting his medicine-monger at the Club! 1893 Littell's Living Age 14 Oct. 127/1 Certain remedies of medieval medicine-mongers savoring of the witches' broth in Macbeth. medicine-taker n. ΚΠ a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 87 (MED) Yf þe sonne and þe mone bothe be yn tokenynge fleumatyk, lightly þe medicyn takere shal forth lede. 1871 A. Clark Workday Christianity 276 The medicine-takers, the grumblers,..the worlds's whole motley herd of unhappy and invalid people, are generally the idle and inactive. b. medicine ball n. a large and heavy stuffed ball, usually of leather, which is thrown and caught for exercise. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [noun] > equipment > others trochus1706 troque1743 chamber horse1747 dumb-bell1785 stock1831 rowing machine1848 chest-expander1850 weights1862 stationary bicycle1883 punching bag1888 medicine ball1895 punching ball1895 stationary bike1899 kettlebell1908 rower1933 Exercycle1936 exercise bicycle1937 exercise bike1946 exercise cycle1952 roller1970 life cycle1973 multi-gym1976 gut-buster1983 roller1992 1895 Crescent (Brooklyn, N.Y.) 1 Nov. 14/1 While Charlie Notman opines that the ‘gym’ needs more medicine ball, the few inoffensive ones now on hand are kicking for more ‘gym’. 1903 W. L. Savage in Athletics & Outdoor Sports for Women 49 The illustrations below show two of the methods for passing medicine balls. 1930 Bulletin 13 Feb. 8/2 The Prince of Wales..instead of indulging in..tennis and quoits, preferred to devote the time after tea to throwing the medicine ball. 1990 R. H. Bork Tempting of Amer. 278 A trainer repeatedly throws a medicine ball at a boxer's solar plexus. medicine glass n. a small drinking-glass graduated for use in measuring medicines. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > other medical equipment > [noun] > vessels jordanc1386 treacler1415 lickpot1665 patella1703 medicine glass1853 1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xi. 208 Lady Glenmire..rummaged up all Mrs. Jamieson's medicine glasses, and spoons, and bed-tables. 1968 D. Francis Forfeit xvi. 199 A medicine glass of disprin and nepenthe. medicine seal n. Archaeology a small cubical or oblong stone inscribed in intaglio, used by Roman physicians (esp. oculists) for labelling drugs (see also oculist's stamp n. at oculist n. Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > pharmacist's equipment cyath?1543 slice1611 oculist's stamp1778 pharmacometer1830 medicine stamp1849 medicine seal1851 pill tile1852 cyathus1854 pill slab1893 1851 J. Y. Simpson in Monthly Jrnl. Med. Sci. Mar. 238 Roman medicine-seals. medicine show n. North American a travelling show in which entertainers attract customers to whom medicine can be sold; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > other shows or spectacles raree-show1718 cattle-show1815 flower-show1845 baby show1854 trade show1854 horse-show1856 dress parade1870 field show1870 bottle show1883 medicine show1903 aquacade1937 icecapade1940 talent show1955 1903 R. L. McCardell Conversat. Chorus Girl 15 Why, with that medicine show's twenty-four sheet stands. 1938 H. Asbury Sucker's Progress 355 Minnie and Colorado Charley then organized a medicine show with which they traveled through Mexico and Central America. 1970 P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 96 With the demise of the work song, the blues became the song vehicle to accompany labour and, in earlier years, for the medicine show or the barber shop. 1989 C. R. Wilson & W. Ferris Encycl. Southern Culture 1247/1 There were tent shows.., water circuses, and medicine shows. medicine spoon n. a spoon for administering medicine, spec. (now chiefly historical) a spoon with a covered bowl and small aperture, designed for giving medicines to children or mentally disturbed patients without spillage. ΚΠ 1842 Penny Cycl. XXII. 377/2 The medicine-spoon invented by Mr. George Gibson. 1864 H. James Let. 18 Apr. (1974) I. 52 Naught remained but..the medicine-spoon. 1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 334/1 A pewter Gibson medicine spoon, c1870. medicine stamp n. = medicine seal n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > pharmacy > [noun] > pharmacist's equipment cyath?1543 slice1611 oculist's stamp1778 pharmacometer1830 medicine stamp1849 medicine seal1851 pill tile1852 cyathus1854 pill slab1893 1849 C. Roach Smith in Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. 4 280 On a Roman medicine stamp..found at Kenchester. 1851 J. Y. Simpson in Monthly Jrnl. Med. Sci. Jan. 39 Notices of ancient Roman Medicine-stamps..found in Great Britain. medicine tree n. the horseradish tree, Moringa oleifera, from which poultices, ointments, and other traditional remedies are or were derived. ΚΠ 1896 Contemp. Rev. 70 383 They went along the road and found a medicine-tree, and the rabbit put..the medicine..into his bag. 1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Medicine tree, the horse-radish tree. 1992 E. Hoagland in Balancing Acts 184 Antonio led us through the woods—monkey bushes, ink plants, medicine trees—..to a cave he'd found. C2. (In sense 5.) a. medicine animal n. ΚΠ 1869 Ladies' Repository Aug. 146/1 The Winnebagoes say their monstrous medicine animal still exists, and they have pieces of the bones which belong to them, which they use as charms. 1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture II. xv. 211 The worship paid by the North American Indian to his medicine animal [etc.]. 1927 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 32 595 The American Indians named their children in honor of a medicine animal, or bird, thus invoking their protection. medicine arrow n. ΚΠ 1863 J. L. Fisk Exped. Rocky Mts. 5 Antoine Freniere described it to be a ‘medicine arrow’. 1961 Amer. Heritage Bk. Indians 340/1 A group of Bow String men whipped with their quirts the aged and respected keeper of the Medicine Arrows, the Cheyennes' most sacred possession. medicine bag n. ΚΠ 1797 C. Chaboillez Jrnl. in B. C. Payette Northwest (1964) [I] made him consent to go for his Medicine Bag. 1896 J. McDougall Saddle, Sled & Snowshoe xxiv. 275 With their medicine-bags in hand they stood like statues. 2007 M. J. Putney Distant Magic 174 Adia opened her medicine bag and poured a collection of objects on the ground. medicine bundle n. ΚΠ 1926 Jrnl. Philos. 23 548 Why the religion of the Todas should center about the dairy,..and the Blackfoot about the medicine bundle is a problem for the culture historian. 1951 J. Neihardt When Tree Flowered xiv. 106 So he began making a medicine bundle, and that was the first time the boy knew why Sharp Nose wanted the bladder and the tallow. 1992 P. G. Allen Sacred Hoop (new ed.) 85 Mostly it is concerned with the loss of the ritual center of the people, the Feather Boy medicine bundle that is their source of..spiritual identity. medicine chief n. ΚΠ a1821 R. Hood To Arctic by Canoe (1974) 133 He then asked if we had not a medicine chief, who could prevent any person from dying, while he remained on their lands. 1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters II. xvii. 285 One was the medicine chief, as I could tell by the flowing white hair. 1958 Mississippi Valley Hist. Rev. 44 749 This work..deals with the life of a man who could boast of having been buffalo hunter, medicine chief,..and originator of the wild West show. medicine dance n. ΚΠ 1805 W. Clark Jrnl. 5 Jan. (1987) III. 268 We sent a man to this Medisan Dance last night. 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xv. 205 Then they..Danced their medicine-dance around him. 1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 20 Oct. 12/2 It [sc. a textbook] reduces our sun dance and medicine dance to a toilet-paper project. medicine drum n. ΚΠ 1801 A. Henry Jrnl. 1 Jan. (1988) I. 103 The fellow came accordingly with his drum and medicine bag.] c1834 in Minnesota Hist. Bull. 6 (1925) 346 The Indian Cotanse is this Evening beating his Medicine Drum, & his wild Song echoes through the forest. He is preparing for a hunt. 1861 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. Jan. 29 The sick woman was lying in a buffalo skin tent; the conjuror, painted and decorated, employed himself in beating a medicine drum within a few feet of her. 1928 Long Lance 50 We used to stand at a distance from the medicine-tepee and listen to the pounding of the big Miteyawin medicine-drum. medicine fast n. ΚΠ 1898 A. Lang Making Relig. iii. 61 The medicine-fast, at the age of puberty. 1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee v. 116 During that summer Roman Nose had made many medicine fasts to obtain special protection against enemies. medicine hunt n. ΚΠ 1876 D. G. Brinton Myths of New World (ed. 2) 176 Michabo Ovisaketchak, the Great Hare who created the Earth,..was the founder of the medicine hunt. 1909 J. Macaulay Grey Hawk (new ed.) x. 196 My companions thought it necessary to have recourse to a medicine hunt. To..the best hunters, a little bag of medicine was given... This was to be applied to the little figures of animals we wished to kill. medicine pipe n. ΚΠ 1841 G. Catlin Lett. N. Amer. Indians I. xv. 111 At that hour..with medicine-pipes in his hands and foxes tails attached to his heels, entered Mah-to-he-hah (the old bear). 1986 R. B. Morrison & C. R. Wilson Native Peoples xx. 405 The first thunderstorm of spring heralded a ritual of the medicine pipe owners [among the Blackfoot], while the thunder itself was considered to be a powerful deity. medicine pouch n. ΚΠ 1855 H. W. Longfellow Hiawatha xv. 205 Then they shook their medicine-pouches O'er the head of Hiawatha. 1988 R. Caron Jojo vi. 63 Noah had been entrusted with all the revered objects needed for Native ceremonies... His load would include..a medicine pouch containing a mixture of sweetgrass, sage, abalone, sweet flag roots, cedar, and kinnikinnik tobacco. medicine sack n. ΚΠ a1831 J. Smith Jrnl. in M. S. Sullivan Trav. J. Smith (1934) 5 You observe at the door [of the Indian Lodge] three straight and handsome poles set up in a triangular form and joined together at the top, on which is suspended the medicine sack of the owner, consisting of such things as he fancies to possess a certain undefined charm. 1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi App. d. 613 See my medicine-sack, and my war club tied to it. medicine song n. ΚΠ 1791 J. Long Voy. Indian Interpreter 97 Our Indians having made up huts, began to sing their medicine songs to induce the Wasses to partake of a feast. 1866 Atlantic Monthly July 119/1 The spirits of the dead are appeased by medicine songs and offerings. 1951 J. Neihardt When Tree Flowered xv. 126 While they were doing this they kept dropping water into my mouth a little at a time, and Blue Spotted Horse sang a medicine song. medicine stone n. ΚΠ 1805 W. Clark Jrnl. 21 Feb. (1987) III. 299 Several men of their nation was gorn to Consult their Medison Stone. 1823 E. James Acct. Exped. Rocky Mts. I. 252 The Me-ma-ho-pa or medicine stone of the Gros ventres, or Minnetarees,..is a large, naked, insulated rock... The Minnetarees resort to it, for the purpose of propitiating their Man-ho-pa or Great Spirit. 1885 Henshaw in Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 1 110 The use of the medicine-stones among the San Buenaventura Indians. 1986 H. Kraft Lenape vi. 184 ‘Medicine stones’ or ‘emergency gifts’, often concretions found in the alimentary organs of certain ruminants, were kept in separate pouches. medicine tent n. ΚΠ 1806 E. Coues New Light Early Hist. Greater N.W. I. 388 The affair went on very slowly, and it was not without many speeches, smoking-matches, and persuasive arguments, that the medicine-tent was prepared. 1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 25 Dec. 818/1 For whole nights previous to the public and final ceremony of the dog-feast, the principal medicine-man, installed in his medicine-tent, instructs his pupils. 1939 Beaver (Winnipeg) Dec. 26/1 The inner, or ‘medicine’ tent, was enclosed by a great outer tent one hundred feet in circumference covered with the leather lodge coverings borrowed from the assembled tribes. medicine tree n. ΚΠ a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) iv. vi. 353 On Tamaiti's medicine-tree..the model canoes are hung up ex voto for a prosperous voyage. b. medicine line n. chiefly historical (originally among North American Indians) the border between Canada and the United States, esp. from Ontario westwards. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > border between Canada and U.S. medicine line1910 1910 A. L. Haydon Riders of Plains 95 The Indians..called the International Boundary the ‘Medicine Line’, assuming that in the absence of any agreement between the two Governments relative to this crime, they were perfectly safe on one side of the line with regard to what had been done on the other. 1959 N. Sluman Blackfoot Crossing 33 Crowfoot says that the border—the medicine line—protects his people from the Long Knives. 1993 Vancouver Sun 31 Dec. a14 Check the stats and you find that south of the medicine line, 74 per cent of American women and 53 per cent of men would rather make money than make love. medicine lodge n. (a) a structure used for religious ceremonies by certain North American Indian peoples; a ceremony held in such a structure; (b) a religious society among these peoples. ΚΠ 1808 C. Mackenzie in L. R. Masson Les Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest (1889) 1st Ser. 354 The women were directed to go into the woods for branches to cover the Medecine lodge. 1901 F. H. Giddings Inductive Sociol. 207 Religious Societies—..In North American Indian tribes, they are known as Medicine Lodges. 1947 Westerners' Brand Bk. (Denver Posse) 27 The Indians began leaving the reservations and heading north to hold a ‘Medicine Lodge’ with their allies. 1988 T. Ferris Coming of Age in Milky Way (1989) i. i. 22 The twenty-eight peoples of Cheyenne and Sioux medicine lodges are said to have been used to mark the days of the lunar month: ‘In setting up the sun dance lodge..we are really making the universe in a likeness.’ medicine murder n. (in Africa, esp. in Lesotho) murder committed to obtain parts of the body for magic; ritual murder. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > killing for specific reason > [noun] > to obtain (part of) body headhunting1817 burkism1829 burking1831 medicine murder1952 1947 Times 25 Oct. 3/5 Seventeen Africans were sentenced to death in two cases..here today for committing murder for ‘medicine’.] 1952 Basutoland 1951 (H.M.S.O.) ix. 57 During 1951 fourteen trial cases..were heard by the High Court. Two of these cases dealt with the crime known as Medicine Murder. 1988 E. W. Brown Interval in Afr. vi. 324 Some of us have been reading about medicine murder and how ingrained traditions and superstitions are not easily eradicated. medicine society n. North American any of the groups of initiated healers or medicine men among American Indians; spec. the Midewiwin (Midewiwin n.) or Grand Medicine Society (Grand Medicine Society n. at grand adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2). ΚΠ 1767 in J. Carver Jrnls. (1976) 108 The [Naudowessee]..have..a particular society into which a member to be admitted requires a great deal of ceremony. This is calld the medicin society. 1856 C. Lanman Adventures Wilds U.S. I. 80 During my stay at Leech Lake I had an opportunity of witnessing a Medicine Dance, and of obtaining some information with regard to the Medicine Society. 1910 F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians II. 838/2 There existed among some tribes large medicine societies, composed principally of patients cured of serious ailments. 1992 P. G. Allen Sacred Hoop (new ed.) 87 Initiation into a medicine society or into shamanhood requires a transformation analogous to that experienced by the hunted deer. medicine wheel n. one of various circular or radiating arrangements of stones built by ancient North American Indian peoples of the Great Plains, presumed to have religious, astronomical, territorial, or calendrical significance; also spec. (with capital initials) the large construction of this type in the Big Horn mountains of northern Wyoming. ΚΠ 1895 Forest & Stream 28 Sept. 269/2 On the very top of Medicine Mountain can still be seen the so-called Medicine Wheel, the plan and the general arrangement of which bear a striking resemblance to the famous Calendar Stone of Old Mexico. As the name implies, this Medicine Wheel is a circle composed of loose stones. 1922 Amer. Anthropologist 24 219 The so-called Medicine Wheel, in Wyoming, has long been known to a few white men and always to the Indians. 1953 Herald Mag. 26 Oct. 3/4 I had opportunity in recent weeks of inspecting three well-defined and well preserved circles of stones, best known as Indian tepee rings or medicine wheels. 1992 Canad. Geographic July 53/1 The very term medicine wheel is a misnomer coined by white people. American settlers and miners invented the expression in the 1880s when Indians directed them to a stone ring in Wyoming. medicine wolf n. U.S. (among Plains Indians) a coyote. ΚΠ 1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville II. xv. 147 This little, whining, feast-smelling animal, is..called among Indians the ‘medicine wolf’. 1860 in Colorado Mag. (1938) 15 30 Went up town and saw a young grizzly bear, a young swift or medicine wolf much resembling a fox. 1995 Backpacker (Electronic ed.) 1 Sept. 144 Rick had stumbled upon a coyote caught and dying in a leg-hold trap... The little ‘medicine wolf’ wobbled and flopped over. medicine woman n. a female healer or shaman among North American Indians; cf. medicine man n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > non-European magic (miscellaneous) > [noun] > sorcerer or medicine man > American Indian medicine man1801 medicine1817 medicine woman1834 mystery1841 mystery man1841 mediciner1852 1834 Knickerbocker 4 372 The mother evinced her sagacity, as a diviner or medicine woman. 1932 F. B. Linderman Red Mother 9 Pretty-shield is a ‘Wise-one’, a medicine-woman, of the Crow tribe. 1992 Independent 6 Jan. 28/2 He may have been voted Atlantic City Entertainer of the Year in 1985, but he has also trance danced with Shabaree Redbird, a Lakota medicine woman. Derivatives ˈmedicine-like adj. ΚΠ a1555 Lady Fane Let. in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1445/1 His sweatenes..maketh all these Poticarie dregges of the worlde, euen medicinlyke in my mouthe. 1832 R. C. Sands Introd. in Tales of Glauber-Spa I. 9 The doctor said that the Spaw, as he called it, was medicine-like, and must only be taken by advice. 1983 Social Psychol. Q. 46 45/1 When we are strongly suggesting that user-derived and standardized manipulation checks are a necessity, we are not making patent medicine-like claims for their efficacy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † medicinen.² Forms: late Middle English medecyn, late Middle English medicen, late Middle English medycyn, late Middle English 1600s medicine, 1500s medycyne; Scottish pre-1700 medecine, pre-1700 medecyne, pre-1700 medicene, pre-1700 medicin, pre-1700 medicine, pre-1700 medicyn, pre-1700 medicyne, pre-1700 medycene. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French medecin. Etymology: < Middle French medecin, medicin (14th cent.; earliest in the regional (Picardy) form medechin ; French médecin ), probably < Old French medeciner , mediciner medicine v., rather than use as noun of classical Latin medicīnus , adjective (see medicine n.¹). Compare post-classical Latin medicinus (14th cent. in a British source). Obsolete. A medical practitioner. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] physician?c1225 leecherc1374 practiserc1387 doctora1400 flesh-leecha1400 leechman14.. mediciner?a1425 miria1425 M.D.1425 medicine?c1450 practitioner?1543 minister1559 doc1563 artist1565 medicus1570 medicianera1578 Aesculapius1586 Dra1593 pisspot1592 medician1597 physicianer1598 medicinary1599 pisspot1600 velvet-cap1602 healer1611 Galena1616 physiner1616 clyster1621 clyster-pipe1622 hakim1623 medic1625 practicant1630 medico1647 physicker1649 physicster1689 Aesculapian1694 nim-gimmer1699 pill-monger1706 medical man1784 meester1812 medical1823 pill-gilder1824 therapeutist1830 pill1835 pill roller1843 med1851 pill-peddler1855 therapeutic1858 squirt1859 medicine man1866 pill pusher1879 therapist1886 doser1888 internist1894 pill-shooter1911 whitecoat1911 quack1919 vet1925 ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 137 (MED) She hadde her medicines [Fr. fisiciens] and surgens foreto hele and medicine all suche as were nedefull. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope 66 I dyssymyled and fayned my self to be a medycyn. 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xlvi Aske, and vse the aduyse of some well learned medycyne [1598 medicioner]. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1929) IV. ii. 9590 He hes na mister of medecyne. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. i. 71 I haue seen a medicine That's able to breath life into a stone. View more context for this quotation 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 370 [There] flourished the most famous medicines, and Philosophers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021). medicinev. Brit. /ˈmɛd(ᵻ)s(ᵻ)n/, U.S. /ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English medcyn, late Middle English medecene, late Middle English medecyn, late Middle English medicene, late Middle English medycyne, late Middle English–1500s medicyne, late Middle English– medicine, 1500s medcine, 1500s medecine, 1600s med'cine, 1800s– medisen (English regional (northern)). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French medeciner. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French medeciner, mediciner (1155 in Old French; French médeciner ) < medecine , medicine medicine n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin medicinare, medicinari (from 12th cent. in British sources). Now rare. 1. a. transitive. To treat or cure (a person, condition, etc.) by means of medicine; to give medicine to. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > apply remedy to plastera1398 medicinea1425 to lay to1551 medicate1623 pathologize1649 medicament1850 a1425 (?c1375) Barlaam & Josaphat (Harl.) 770 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 236 (MED) A litell salue..May medcyn a full grete sekenes. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 137 (MED) She hadde her medicines and surgens foreto hele and medicine all suche as were nedefull. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope 62 He desyred to be medycyned and made hole of his foote. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 149 Afore they [sc. swine] goe to pasture, they must be medecined. 1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. E^v Being hurt, seeke to be medicynd Of her that first did stir that mortall stownd. 1663 A. Conway Let. 21 Mar. in Conway Lett. (1992) iv. 215 Maior Strowde..did medicine him [sc. a horse] every day but all to no purpose. 1814 T. H. Lewin Let. 27 Mar. in Lewin Lett. (1909) I. ii. 154 As absurd as for a sick man to chastise the Physician who medicines his diseases. 1877 J. Ruskin Fors Clavigera VII. lxxv. 75 It [sc. a dog] was warmed and medicined as best might be. 1889 J. Masterman Scotts of Bestminster III. xiv. 29 She could medicine the sick. 1930 Philos. Rev. 39 107 They had medicined their own bodies with understanding of nature's therapeutic gifts. 1944 Philos. Rev. 53 438 He finds that even the ills of human personality—insanity, for example—are better medicined in accordance with physical hypotheses and by explicitly physical methods. †b. transitive. (Chiefly in allusion to Shakespeare's use.) To bring to a certain state by medicinal means. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 336 Not Poppy, nor Mandragora..Shall euer medicine thee to that sweete sleepe, Which thou owedst yesterday. View more context for this quotation 1744 S. Fielding Adventures David Simple II. iii. i. 9 He has roused a Fury, which neither ‘Poppies, nor Mandragora, nor all the drowsy Syrups of the World, can medicine to sweet Sleep again’. [Note] Shakespeare. a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xvii, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 34 Liquors clear and sweet, whose healthful might Could medicine the sick soul to happy sleep. 2. transitive. In extended use: to treat, heal, or cure as if by medicine. †Also intransitive. ΚΠ R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 7 (MED) O my god..sclyde doune & comforth me heuy; medecyn to me wrech; to þi lufer schew þi-self. 1593 R. Bancroft Daungerous Positions iii. xv. 127 To medicine these mischiefes. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 544 All remedies to others are mischiefs to it [sc. the cypress tree], and in one word, go about to medicine it you kil it. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iv. ii. 244 Great greefes I see med'cine the lesse. View more context for this quotation 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 39^* Thus med'cining our eyes wee neede not doubt to see more into the meaning of these our Saviours words. c1750 W. Shenstone Elegies xx. 68 Where ev'ry breeze shall med'cine ev'ry wound. a1858 T. H. Chivers Leoni iv. vi. 19 in Unpublished Plays (1980) 77 The raging fever of my heart..Will soon be medicined to coldness now. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xxii. 504 Cares, as usual with Ralegh, were medicined by strenuous and varied labour. 1934 J. Palmer Ben Jonson 61 Nor was it Shakespeare's way to medicine his friends. 1956 M. Jeffrey-Smith Bird-watching in Jamaica 25 The peasants will give you another reason [for the local name ‘doctor bird’]. They say these birds ‘medicine the plants’. 1988 ‘E. Peters’ Confession Brother Haluin ii. 33 Whatever had been shaken out of place..had healed as the outer wound had healed, medicined by stillness and repose. †3. transitive. To employ as medicine. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. iii. 78 Get me these ingredients..Such as the bearded sonne of the smooth-chinn'd Father Apollo us'd and medicin'd. 4. intransitive. To give medicine or treatment to a person; to minister to the sick. Also figurative and in figurative context. Now rare. ΚΠ 1787 J. Byng Diary 4 Aug. in Torrington Diaries (1934) I. 292 He enter'd the chase with his servant, resolving to hasten thro' this days journey, and at night to medicine to himself. 1794 J. Byng Diary 19 Sept. in Torrington Diaries (1938) IV. 73 To these cottage..did Lady H[eneage] O[sborn] go..to medicine to the sick. 1802 W. R. Spencer Urania ii. 36 You have medicined most delightfully to my distempered mind. 1866 H. Greeley Amer. Conflict 76/1 If you have power to medicine to it in the way proposed.., you also have the power, in the distribution of your political alexipharmics, to present the deadliest drugs to every Territory that would become a State. 1949 L. Simpson Allan Fox in Arrivistes 13 The silver stars were out In multitudes, but not such platitudes Had medicined to that sleep Sundays owe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹?c1225n.²?c1450v.a1425
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medicinen.1

Compounds

Derivatives

† medicinen.2

medicinev.

medicinen.¹

† medicinen.²