Marthan.

Brit.

/ˈmɑːθə/, U.S.

/ˈmɑrθə/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Martha.

Etymology: < the name of Martha of Bethany (a disciple of Christ who busied herself with practicalities when he visited her house, while her sister Mary remained in his presence: see Luke 10:38–42), used in post-classical Latin as the type of an active life (in British sources from the 8th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek Μάρθα < Aramaic mārĕṯā lady, mistress, feminine of mar lord (see Mar n.²).It is uncertain whether sense 2 was prompted by the use of Martha in collocation with Mary in sense 1, or arose entirely independently because of the availability of Martha as a female forename with a rhyming male counterpart. Dict. N.Z. Eng. at Martha suggests that there may have been earlier currency in this sense: ‘Noel Hilliard (Titahi Bay), p.c. November 1994, notes that a variant ‘I didn't know if I was Arthur or Martha or General MacArthur’ was current in the 1950s after MacArthur's removal from his Korean war command by President Truman in April 1951’.

1. Originally: in Christian allegory, used as a symbol or type of the active life, as opposed to the contemplative life (typified by Mary). Hence: an active or busy woman, usually one occupied with domestic affairs. Cf. Mary n.¹ 2.Quots. OE and lOE represent a different tradition of application of the biblical text in which Martha is taken to symbolize the Christian's present earthly life, and Mary the future life in heaven.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > one who acts or does > as opposed to contemplative

Marthac1230

activea1425

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxix. 258 On ðam anum huse wæron twa lif, and þæt soðe lif crist; on marthan wæs getacnunge ðises andwerdan lifes, on marian ðæs toweardan.

lOE tr. R. d'Escures Sermo in Festis Sancte Marie Virginis in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 136 Ðas twa gesustre..betacnigeð þa twa lif, þe man lætt on rihtwisnysse. Martha þæt geswyncfulle lif þe we one drohtnigeð, Maria þæt ece lif þe we to willnig[en].]

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 211 Husewifschipe is marthe dale; Marie dale is stilnesse & reste of alle worldes noise.

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 383 It is seid comunli, þat þes two wymmen ben two lyves, actif and contemplatif; þe first is Martha, and þe toþer Marie.

1641 Epitaph in J. J. Hissey Holiday on Road (1887) 404 Prudently simple, providently wary, To the world a Martha, and to heaven a Mary.

1677 S. Speed Prison-pietie 162 Happy that house which never doth miscarry, Yielding a Martha to complain of Mary.

1843 J. Pierpont Cold Water Melodies (ed. 2) 22 Marys and Marthas join, Ye vessels of his grace, Counsel with love combine.

1885 Girl's Own Paper 10 Oct. 32/2 You stand 'Twixt toiling Marthas and the Hand That beckons.

1907 R. Kipling Twenty Poems (1918) 1 The Sons of Mary seldom bother, for they have inherited that good part; But the Sons of Martha favour their Mother of the careful soul and the troubled heart.

1938 E. Goudge Towers in Mist (1998) x. 277 She belonged to that noble army of Marthas who cook the dinners that the Marys gobble up to keep them going between their visions and their dreams. Grace was the best kind of Martha.

1953 G. Greene Living Room i. i. 8 In this household she is obviously the anxious Martha; the weaker character intent on carrying out orders.

1967 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 10 Aug. (1970) 553 The ‘Mary’ and the ‘Martha’ in my life have an eternal war.

1991 B. Anderson Girls High (1992) xii. 138 I get so fed up with people who swan through life leaving a mess for boring old Marthas to clean up.

2. slang (originally New Zealand). Contrasted with Arthur as either of two things which are inherently or completely different; usually in phrases implying confusion (cf. not to know whether one is Arthur or Martha at Arthur n. 2). In later use often with reference to gender or sexual orientation; (hence also) a woman, a feminine person, or a homosexual person. Cf. Arthur n. 2.

ΚΠ

1964 M. Williams Stone Age Island viii. 229 Poor Johnny Teosin doesn't know whether he is Arthur or Martha.

1971 W. Taylor Plekhov Place 22 We've been here a fair stretch and..they've not cared to find out whether we're Arthur or Martha.

1982 R. R. Daly & P. Stiff Selous Scouts (ed. 2) viii. 633 Unsure..if we were Arthur or Martha—..we were also more often unsure if we were Army or Special Branch.

1994 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 7 Jan. 26 The weather isn't quite sure whether it's Arthur or Martha.

2004 Sun (Nexis) 17 Feb. There are no such problems if you want to be turned from Arthur into Martha, or have your boobs pepped up a bit.

Compounds

Martha-coloured adj. poetic rare of a particular shade of blueish-purple (Edith Sitwell's word: see quot. 1936).

ΚΠ

1924 E. Sitwell Sleeping Beauty xiv. 50 The Martha-coloured scabious Grew among dust as dry as old Eusebius.

1936 E. Sitwell Sel. Poems Pref. 25 ‘The Martha-coloured scabious’..is the result of a personal memory... As a child, I had a nursery-maid called Martha, who always wore a..gown..exactly the colour of a scabious.

1937 E. Sitwell I live under Black Sun ii. x. 296 The Martha-coloured scabious waved aimlessly.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	martha
释义	Marthan. Brit. /ˈmɑːθə/, U.S. /ˈmɑrθə/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Martha. Etymology: < the name of Martha of Bethany (a disciple of Christ who busied herself with practicalities when he visited her house, while her sister Mary remained in his presence: see Luke 10:38–42), used in post-classical Latin as the type of an active life (in British sources from the 8th cent.) < Hellenistic Greek Μάρθα < Aramaic mārĕṯā lady, mistress, feminine of mar lord (see Mar n.²).It is uncertain whether sense 2 was prompted by the use of Martha in collocation with Mary in sense 1, or arose entirely independently because of the availability of Martha as a female forename with a rhyming male counterpart. Dict. N.Z. Eng. at Martha suggests that there may have been earlier currency in this sense: ‘Noel Hilliard (Titahi Bay), p.c. November 1994, notes that a variant ‘I didn't know if I was Arthur or Martha or General MacArthur’ was current in the 1950s after MacArthur's removal from his Korean war command by President Truman in April 1951’. 1. Originally: in Christian allegory, used as a symbol or type of the active life, as opposed to the contemplative life (typified by Mary). Hence: an active or busy woman, usually one occupied with domestic affairs. Cf. Mary n.¹ 2.Quots. OE and lOE represent a different tradition of application of the biblical text in which Martha is taken to symbolize the Christian's present earthly life, and Mary the future life in heaven. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > one who acts or does > as opposed to contemplative Marthac1230 activea1425 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxix. 258 On ðam anum huse wæron twa lif, and þæt soðe lif crist; on marthan wæs getacnunge ðises andwerdan lifes, on marian ðæs toweardan. lOE tr. R. d'Escures Sermo in Festis Sancte Marie Virginis in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 136 Ðas twa gesustre..betacnigeð þa twa lif, þe man lætt on rihtwisnysse. Martha þæt geswyncfulle lif þe we one drohtnigeð, Maria þæt ece lif þe we to willnig[en].] c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 211 Husewifschipe is marthe dale; Marie dale is stilnesse & reste of alle worldes noise. a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 383 It is seid comunli, þat þes two wymmen ben two lyves, actif and contemplatif; þe first is Martha, and þe toþer Marie. 1641 Epitaph in J. J. Hissey Holiday on Road (1887) 404 Prudently simple, providently wary, To the world a Martha, and to heaven a Mary. 1677 S. Speed Prison-pietie 162 Happy that house which never doth miscarry, Yielding a Martha to complain of Mary. 1843 J. Pierpont Cold Water Melodies (ed. 2) 22 Marys and Marthas join, Ye vessels of his grace, Counsel with love combine. 1885 Girl's Own Paper 10 Oct. 32/2 You stand 'Twixt toiling Marthas and the Hand That beckons. 1907 R. Kipling Twenty Poems (1918) 1 The Sons of Mary seldom bother, for they have inherited that good part; But the Sons of Martha favour their Mother of the careful soul and the troubled heart. 1938 E. Goudge Towers in Mist (1998) x. 277 She belonged to that noble army of Marthas who cook the dinners that the Marys gobble up to keep them going between their visions and their dreams. Grace was the best kind of Martha. 1953 G. Greene Living Room i. i. 8 In this household she is obviously the anxious Martha; the weaker character intent on carrying out orders. 1967 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 10 Aug. (1970) 553 The ‘Mary’ and the ‘Martha’ in my life have an eternal war. 1991 B. Anderson Girls High (1992) xii. 138 I get so fed up with people who swan through life leaving a mess for boring old Marthas to clean up. 2. slang (originally New Zealand). Contrasted with Arthur as either of two things which are inherently or completely different; usually in phrases implying confusion (cf. not to know whether one is Arthur or Martha at Arthur n. 2). In later use often with reference to gender or sexual orientation; (hence also) a woman, a feminine person, or a homosexual person. Cf. Arthur n. 2. ΚΠ 1964 M. Williams Stone Age Island viii. 229 Poor Johnny Teosin doesn't know whether he is Arthur or Martha. 1971 W. Taylor Plekhov Place 22 We've been here a fair stretch and..they've not cared to find out whether we're Arthur or Martha. 1982 R. R. Daly & P. Stiff Selous Scouts (ed. 2) viii. 633 Unsure..if we were Arthur or Martha—..we were also more often unsure if we were Army or Special Branch. 1994 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 7 Jan. 26 The weather isn't quite sure whether it's Arthur or Martha. 2004 Sun (Nexis) 17 Feb. There are no such problems if you want to be turned from Arthur into Martha, or have your boobs pepped up a bit. Compounds Martha-coloured adj. poetic rare of a particular shade of blueish-purple (Edith Sitwell's word: see quot. 1936). ΚΠ 1924 E. Sitwell Sleeping Beauty xiv. 50 The Martha-coloured scabious Grew among dust as dry as old Eusebius. 1936 E. Sitwell Sel. Poems Pref. 25 ‘The Martha-coloured scabious’..is the result of a personal memory... As a child, I had a nursery-maid called Martha, who always wore a..gown..exactly the colour of a scabious. 1937 E. Sitwell I live under Black Sun ii. x. 296 The Martha-coloured scabious waved aimlessly. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1230
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