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marshn.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian mersk marsh (West Frisian marsk , mask , mersk ), Middle Dutch marsch , meersch , mersch (Dutch mars marsh, meers water meadow, pasture), Middle Low German marsch , masch , mersch water meadow, fertile alluvial land on a river or coast ( > German Marsch , Danish marsk ) < the Germanic base of mere n.1 + the Germanic base of -ish suffix1. Compare marish n. and adj.1 and merse n.The disyllabic form merisc occurs rarely in early Old English; occasional instances of this form in late Old English legal documents (compare quot. lOE at sense aα. ) are perhaps after post-classical Latin mariscus marish n. (from 679 in British sources, first recorded in spelling meriscus ). For the regular Scots development see merse n.; the southern form marsh is uncommon in modern Scottish use (where the more usual term is bog n.1). Forms in -sk are found in Scots (see merse n.) and in the dialects of several English regions: compare Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. mersk (Sussex and Hampshire), and also Middle English place names, field names and surnames from the north of England, e.g.:1180 in A. H. Smith Place-names N. Riding Yorks. (1928) 154 Mersk.1285 in A. H. Smith Place-names N. Riding Yorks. (1928) 154 Marske.1301 in W. Brown Yorks. Lay Subsidy (1894) 31 Johanne de Merske.1374 in A. H. Smith Place-names Westmorland (1967) I. 87 Merskhowe. γ forms without -r- appear also in the following Westmorland place names, applied to high moorland:1670 in A. H. Smith Place-names Westmorland (1967) II. 23 Soulby Mash.1704 in A. H. Smith Place-names Westmorland (1967) II. 40 Mask Hill. Both mask and marsk are recorded in this sense from Westmorland in Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. marsk; the development from ‘(low-lying) marsh’ to ‘(high) heath’ is perhaps via the common sense ‘waste ground’ or ‘unenclosed land’: compare in both senses moor n.1 the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] α. eOE (1974) 16 Cemetum, merisc. eOE (1890) 28/1 Calmetum, mersc. eOE 261/1 In salsilaginem : on s[a]ltne mersc. OE 333 Randas bæron sæwicingas ofer sealtne mersc. lOE Writ of Edward the Confessor, Westminster (Sawyer 1137) in F. E. Harmer (1952) 358 On wude & on felde, on læse & on æuesæ, on merisce & on mæduen. a1200 (?OE) Bounds (Sawyer 78) in W. de G. Birch (1885) I. 177 Of þam pole æfter long pidele in to þam mersce. c1275 (?c1250) (Calig.) (1935) 304 (MED) Wenestu þat haueck bo þe worse, Þoȝ crowe bigrede him bi þe mershe. ?a1500 Nominale (Yale Beinecke 594) in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 796/17 Hoc marescum, a merche. the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > [noun] > level 1662 W. Dugdale xii. 51/1 The Land-holders in the said Marsh. 1787 W. Marshall I. 320 Their upper sides [of the fens] being frequently out of the water's way, affording a proportion of grazable land: hence, probably, they are provincially termed ‘marshes’. 1852 L. A. Meredith I. 163 A marsh here is what would in England be called a meadow, with this difference, that in our marshes, until partially drained, a growth of tea-trees..and rushes in some measure encumbers them; but, after a short time, these die off..and a thick sward of verdant grass covers the whole extent. 1892 J. E. Taylor (ed. 2) 23 Some of the larger river-valleys, such as the Stour, Orwell, Deben, Alde, Blyth, and Waveney, have these soils laid down in grass, forming rich and well-known grazing land, or ‘marshes’ as they are locally termed. 1892 P. H. Emerson iii. 23 I went back to the sheep... I used to drive 'em down to mash along with the cows. 1916 J. C. Cox ii. 5 Fens were originally swamps fed by the fresh water of river floods,..whereas the Marsh or Marshland was rendered a swamp by the inundation of the sea. The Fens..have been transformed into fertile corn and root lands. The reclaimed Marsh on the coastline is, on the contrary, nearly all pasture land of the richest character. 1898 R. Pound & F. E. Clements 280 Eleocharis palustris is found in the four types of marsh. 1928 9 56 Marsh, flat, wet, treeless areas usually covered by standing water and supporting a native growth of coarse grasses, reeds or rushes. 1971 (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.) 10/2 Marsh, periodically wet or continually flooded areas with the surface not deeply submerged. Covered dominantly with sedges, cattails, rushes, or other hydrophytic plants. 1994 Summer 17/2 Marshes and swamps are different from bogs and fens. A marsh by definition has mostly herbaceous plants, a swamp trees and shrubs. Compounds C1. General attributive. lOE (Laud) anno 1098 Þurh mycele renas þe ealles geares ne ablunnon, forneah ælc tilð on mersc lande forferde. c1300 in W. W. Capes (1908) 172 (MED) Et extendit se a via que dicitur le Merswey. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Ellesmere) (1872) 1710 Ther is in yorkshire..A merssh [v.r. mersshy] contree called Holdernesse. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. xxiiiiv Penny grasse..groweth lowe by ye erth in a marsshe grounde. 1634 W. Wood i. x. 39 On the other side of the River lieth all their Medow and Marsh-ground for Hay. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti II. 110/1 Of all Marsh-water that is accounted the very worst which breeds horse-leeches. 1735 20 Sept. 3/1 Several Persons have been seen taking away Marsh Mud and Shells from the Marsh on each Side of New Town Creek. 1799 2 181 Not far dissimilar from marsh-miasmata. 1808 C. Vancouver xi. 302 Should the marsh-ouze be required for ploughed ground. a1817 T. Dwight (1821) I. 183 The substance which here so rapidly accumulates is what in this country is called marsh-mud; the material, of which its salt marshes are composed. 1832 S. Austin tr. H. L. H. von Pückler-Muskau II. iii. 38 A plain farmer, in marsh-boots and waterproof cloak. 1852 J. Wiggins 75 In Essex..the soil is particularly favourable, both to sustain embankments, and as a material for making them, and is called Marsh clay. 1864 E. A. Parkes i. i. 53 Villages placed under the same conditions as to marsh air. 1892 Aug. 397 It stands midmost a marsh-country. 1900 R. Pound & F. E. Clements (ed. 2) vii. 390 (heading) The marsh formation. 1919 S. Kaye-Smith i. iv. §5. 139 They roamed beside the dykes..and peered through the cob-webbed windows of forsaken marsh-chapels into a green and rotting dusk. 1927 D. H. Lawrence 69 The Indian gloom, which settles on them like a black marsh-fog, had settled on him. 1973 Jan. 14/1 Remnants of Acadian marsh dykes are found along our rivers. 1607 E. Topsell 211 The same..driueth gnats or marsh-flyes out of a house. 1626 F. Bacon §526 To take Marsh-Herbs, and Plant them upon Tops of Hills, and Champaignes. 1847 P. H. Gosse & R. Hill 373 The gradual predominance of marsh plants, sagittaria,..bulrush, and black-withe. 1847 Ld. Tennyson iv. 71 Marsh-divers, rather, maid, Shall croak thee sister. 1868 A. C. Swinburne in July 23 A tuft of marsh-lilies midway on a steep and bare hill-side. 1910 R. Kipling 219 An old marsh donkey came. 1913 1 17 The helophytes or marsh-plants do not include all so-called marsh species, but only such cryptophytes as have their buds at the bottom of the water or in the subjacent soil. 1993 24 July 10/1 Phosphate pollution from fertilisers promotes the growth of cattails and other problem plants that crowd out native marsh plants. C2. Objective, instrumental, locative, etc. a. (a) 1891 J. A. Owen et al. 287 The slow thinking and acting graziers and old marsh dwellers. 1910 I. 362/2 A race of dwarf marsh-dwellers..now almost extinct. 1992 17 Aug. 6/2 The marsh-dwellers are so many thorns in Saddam's flesh. (b) 1889 C. C. Rhys 259 Sad, marsh-dwelling, porter-drinkers. 1968 J. K. Terres x. 92 Marsh-dwelling red-winged blackbirds. 1889 A. Conan Doyle xxxi. 327 Its damp, marsh-girt position. 1913 L. W. Lyde xx. 316 The unhealthy, marsh-girt fortress at the confluence of the Havel and the Spree is now the chief military arsenal of Germany. 1981 S. Shapiro tr. Shi Nai'an & Luo Guanzhong II. lxxvii. 1224 He was Wu Song, the boldest hero in the marsh-girt stronghold. b. 1902 F. E. Clements 6 Helia, a group of marsh formations; helophyta, marsh plants; helophilus, marsh-loving. 1974 31 Oct. 1302/1 A muggar, the marsh-loving crocodile. C3. a. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of Iran, Iraq, or the Gulf > [noun] the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Near East, Middle East, or Asia Minor > native or inhabitant of Iran, Iraq, or the Gulf > [adjective] 1917 (Admiralty) II. 67 The banks on both sides of the river [Tigris] are inhabited by..Arab tribes, the largest being, perhaps, the Beni Mālik.., and by Ma'adan or marsh Arabs. 1921 50 289 Occasional mounds..are conspicuous, and are sometimes occupied by Marsh Arab villages. 1993 18 Oct. a1/3 The Baghdad government is waging an aggressive campaign to crush the ‘Marsh Arab’ people of southern Iraq and destroy their habitat, according to State Department officials. 2004 E. L. Ochsenschlager ii. 14 Five small villages of the Mi'dan, or Marsh Arabs, dotted the southern part of the mound. c1450 (Heinrich) 217 Tak anote schale, & ful hyt wyþ mersch butter. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > fever > [noun] > malaria 1752 J. Pringle iv. vii. 337 This Circumstance of a sudden delirium agrees with what was mentioned in the description of the marsh-fever in the cantonements near Bois-le-duc. 1882 ‘Ouida’ I. 38 Her sons had died of the marsh fever. 1909 14 Sept. 7/3 An outbreak of marsh fever is causing terrible havoc amongst the Spanish troops at El Arba. 1992 F. McLynn iii. xiii. 284 Both his European companions had previously succumbed to marsh fever. 2001 J. F. Richards vi. 217 Marsh fever, or malaria, was indeed confined to those low-lying, slightly saline coastal marshy regions in England. the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > phosphorescence > will-o'-the-wisp 1865 S. Baring-Gould 3 Its tongue out, and its eyes glaring like marsh-fires. 1924 R. Campbell iv. 58 Northward she seethed..And..like a shivering marshfire, flew to skim With dancing flame the far horizon's rim. 1982 16 Dec. 20/2 Some parsons believe that it is their business..to chase the marsh-fires of reform. the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > hay or straw 1728 15 Feb. 56/2 The said Marshes containing about 6 or 7 Hundred Acres of Ground, the Marsh Hay will feed a good Beast. 1742 W. Ellis June x. 101 Curing coarse Marsh-Hay. 1839 vii. 33 The common marsh hay is no better than the ‘bog meadow hay’ of the east. 1895 A. Patterson 50 A sack of sweet ‘mesh’ hay an' a blanket or tew to tuck yerself in. 1924 Sept. 460/2 There is every indication of a poor [hay] crop... The Indians who depend upon the marsh hay have the same cry. 1961 J. W. Anderson iii. 24 Marsh hay was used at these posts to feed the cattle. 2009 B. R. Silliman et al. viii. 138/1 In New England during colonial times, marshes were heavily used for cattle grazing and farmed for the marsh hay, Spartina patens. a1300 ( Bounds (Sawyer 489) in W. de G. Birch (1887) II. 526 Oþ dinmeres muþan, & þa mersc hopa þe þær butan syndon, betweox hacgan fleote & þam stane. the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > phosphorescence > will-o'-the-wisp 1823 W. F. Deacon 370 They are small gentleman-like marsh-lights, and the Doctor is of opinion, that by good treatment, they might be so far tamed, as to form an excellentsubstitute for gas-lights. 1865 C. P. Cranch in 35 Rise then, O countrymen! Scatter these marsh-light hopes of Union won Through pardoning clemency. 1927 17 Sept. 5/3 In nine times out of ten..the premonition is shown afterwards to be a mere marsh-light and delusion. But the hundredth time it is the truth. 1966 E. Palmer iii. 43 They were terrified of the marsh lights, the will-o'-the-wisps, that were..seen about the dam. 2002 D. Teresi (2003) v. 202 Marsh lights (ignes fatui), the glowing lights seen over swamps and decayed matter, were associated by the Chinese with blood and death. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > mutton > [noun] > types of mutton 1724 D. Defoe I. i. 8 This is what the Butchers value themselves upon, when they tell us at the Market, that it is right Marsh-Mutton. 1794 22 294 Rye butchers prefer the small mutton, therefore the South Down in preference to marsh mutton, as it runs into small joints. 1930 W. G. Hartog 44 And on Tuesday send me a little leg of marsh mutton. 1989 C. Shaw & M. Chase i. 13 Whether or not the writer's enthusiasm for charcoal-burning, pre-salted marsh mutton, osier-gathering and other pre-industrial pursuits was crucial in the defeat of Germany is not the issue. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > by other agents 1842 14 48 He has used arsenic with success on many occasions in continued forms of disease when these were capable of being traced to marsh poisoning. 1852 77 307 It will be..requisite..to direct that the individual, who is the subject of marsh poisoning, should eat only very little at a time. a1883 C. H. Fagge (1886) I. 186 The remittent forms of marsh-poisoning. 1902 Mar. 211 The authors studied,..by blood examination, cases of marsh poisoning occurring in various parts of Tuscany. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > rod, pole, or perch > in embankment work 1788 6 65 The marsh rod contains twenty-one feet. 1852 J. Wiggins 111 At 5s. per marsh rod of 18 feet forward. 1936 M. T. Derville 10 The measurement was made by the special marsh rod of twenty feet, which was used until the standard rod or perch of sixteen and a half feet was adopted in 1461. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > deficiency diseases > associated with crop or food plants 1931 10 71/1 Marsh-Spot disease of peas..is carried in the seed... Marsh-Spot is usually brought on to a farm in the seed peas. 1934 Dec. 833 From time to time complaints are raised concerning a defect in pea seeds to which the name Marsh Spot has been given. The term appears to have originated from the fact that the trouble is most common in seeds from crops grown in low-lying marsh land... The defect..shows itself mainly in the form of a dark, often slightly sunken spot..on the face of each seed-leaf. 1959 30 91 Diseases such as..‘marsh spot’ of peas are caused by the low availability of manganese in the soil. 2004 D. Singh & S. B. Mathur ix. 249 Marsh spot is characterized by discolored brown areas in the center of the adaxial face of the cotyledons. 1573 T. Tusser (new ed.) f. 20v Marsh wall too slight, strength now or god night. 1684 Lady Ivy's Trial in (1735) VII. xxxvii. 594/2 There is a covenant, that if he recover any part of the wall, marsh-wall, the tenant shall have the advantage of it, and increase his rent. 1763 Estimate compleating Harbour of Rye in J. Smeaton (1797) I. 114 To continuing a sea bank or wall from the dam at E, to marsh wall at G. [£]65 0[s.] 0[d]. 1858 26 June 402/1 The defendants, without permission,..broke down a further portion to the extent of 32 feet of the said marsh wall. 1886 P. H. Emerson & T. F. Goodall 46/2 When the water fell the sodden heaps [of the crop] were moved, and placed on the marsh wall to dry. 1978 C. Platt (2001) ii. 35 There is..evidence of considerable care and expensive workmanship on the contemporary bastion recently excavated on the line of the Marsh Wall at Bristol. 2004 A. Foyle 154 The Marsh wall ran N of present King Street, with gates at both ends. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > salt manufacture > [noun] > place of 1587 A. Fleming et al. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1541/1 They knew not the order of Romneie marsh works..for they were onelie good dikers and hodmen. 1708 No. 4453/3 A Dwelling-house and a Marsh-work..with large Store-ponds, and Sun-ponds, for making of Brine. 1869 R. D. Blackmore III. vii. 111 Seeing thus no track of men, nor anything but marshwork, and stormwork. 1897 3rd Ser. 8 614 The boots..are similar to those used for marsh-work. 1992 (U.S. National Acad. Sci.) App. A. 515 The site was..shaped and graded with Priestman variable counterbalanced excavators imported from England for the marsh work. 2014 D. B. Scott et al. xiv. 286 Whether the mesocosms focus specifically on one research question, or they are used in integrated observational studies similar to the Chezzetcook marsh work, they reduce the impacts imposed by field monitoring a natural system. b. In the names of animals inhabiting marshes. 1879 G. B. Goode 11 ‘Marsh bass’, ‘River Bass’, ‘Rock Bass’..are other names applied to one or both species [sc. large-mouth and small-mouth bass]. 1902 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann 358 This fish [sc. largemouth bass] has received many vernacular names, among which may be mentioned..marsh bass. 1946 F. R. La Monte 135 Large-mouth Black Bass..Marsh Bass. 1978 Sept. 56 Scientists call the large-mouth bass Micropterus salmoides... But there are many lesser-known names too. Some of them are..marsh bass, moss bass [etc.]. 1668 Sir T. Browne 29 Dec. A Yarwhelp, Barker, or Latrator a marsh bird about the bignesse of a Godwitt. 1863 T. Woolner ii. 109 Lone marsh-birds winged their misty flight. 1888 P. L. Sclater & W. H. Hudson I. 102 (heading) Pseudoleistes Virescens (Vieill.). (Yellow-Breasted Marsh-Bird.) 1954 G. Durrell (1965) ii. 38 Five marsh birds, jet-black little birds with dandelion-yellow heads. 1958 N. W. Cayley (ed. 2) 221 Tawny Marshbird Megalurus timoriensis... Usually in pairs, frequenting reed-beds and rank grass. It is a shy bird, rarely seen. 1960 H. S. Zim 27 American bittern is a shy, nondescript marsh bird, stocky, mottled brown with black wing tips. 1989 R. S. Ridgely & G. Tudor I. 343 Marshbirds... A pair of rather large, basically brown and yellow icterids of s. South America, bigger than the Agelaius blackbirds often found in the same marshes. 1990 C. M. Perrins 289/1 The Little Marshbird, or Little Grassbird, is an inconspicuous, furtive denizen of swamp vegetation, where it feeds on a variety of small insects and spiders. 1811 A. Wilson IV. 37 Starlings..are known by various names in the different states of the union; such as the Swamp Blackbird, Marsh Blackbird, Red-winged Blackbird. 1831 J. J. Audubon I. 348 The Marsh Blackbird is..well known as being a bird of the most nefarious propensities. 1947 29 Mar. 92/2 There is the purple grackle which is most frequently known as the blackbird or..the marsh blackbird. 1909 F. Finn II. 56 The Sitatungas (Limnotragus), or Marshbucks, are a small African group of three species, closely allied to the Bushbucks. 1962 M. Burton 260 Situtunga, Marsh-buck, or Water-koedoe..practically never leaves swamps and is seldom seen. 1995 (Nexis) 5 Jan. a10 [His] ‘favourite kill’ was a marsh-buck (sititunga). the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > extinct 1863 C. Lyell 24 There were two races of cattle, the most common being of small size, and called by Rutimeyer..the marsh cow. 1855 2 iii. 115 Crocodilus palustris, Lesson, male. Marsh Crocodile. 1901 H. Gadow in VIII. x. 455 The ‘marsh crocodile’ has a wide distribution. 1998 W. W. Robson in R. Kipling Explan. 367 The Mugger, or marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palaestris [sic]), the best known Indian species of crocodile. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > types of deer > [noun] > genus Blastocerus (marsh deer) 1893 R. Lydekker 343 The marsh-deer (C. paludosus). 1991 R. M. Nowack II. 1388/1 The marsh deer is classified as vulnerable by the IUCN and endangered by the USDI. 1948 C. L. B. Hubbard 2 The best known of these early dog types is the Marsh Dog of the Swiss lake dwellings. 1994 June 14/2 A descendant of the marsh dog of south central Europe. the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Neopterygii > member of family Amiidae 1836 J. Richardson III. 236 Amia ocellicauda, Marsh-fish. 1954 D. J. Borror & D. M. DeLong 628 The Sciomyzidae, or marsh flies, are small to medium-sized flies which are usually yellowish or brownish in colour...Most marsh flies are about the size of a house fly. 1991 18 447 (title) Population genetics and biochemical systematics of marsh flies in the Sepedon fuscipennis group (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Nymphalidae > subfamily Ithomiinae > genus Euphydrydas > euphydrydas aurinia (marsh fritillary) 1890 C. W. Dale 202 The Marsh Fritillary varies more generally than any other British butterfly. 1958 24 July 125/2 A series of observations on the Marsh Fritillary butterfly. 1992 Autumn 17/1 Marsh fritillary butterfly, bird's-eye primrose: River Lowther. 1745 E. Kimber in Nov. 551/1 The Bull-Frogs, Lizards, Grasshoppers, Marsh Frogs [imitate city noises]. 1857 F. Gerhard 254 The wood-frog (Rana silvatica), and the marsh-frog (Rana palustris) are much smaller. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ II. xxvii. 286 Dismal waterlogged flats, where only the marsh-frogs made chorus. 1948 10 Dec. 1213/2 The basic colour of the Marsh Frog..is similar to..weathered cement. 1988 J. Purseglove iii. 41 The reedy dykes which surround it [sc. St Thomas's Church, Fairfield] are famous for their marsh frogs, whose operatic baritone can be heard a mile away on May nights. the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > [noun] > member of subfamily Anserinea (goose) > genus Anser > anser anser (grey lag) 1766 T. Pennant ii. 150 The marsh-goose, or grey leg. 1885 C. Swainson 147 Fen, or Marsh, Goose. the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > genus Circus (harrier) > circus aeruginosus (marsh harrier) 1831 J. Rennie (ed. 2) 315 Marsh Harrier, a name for the Moor Buzzard. 1873 C. Swainson ii. 242 It is said in Wiltshire that the marsh harriers..alight in great numbers on the downs before rain. 1965 P. Wayre ix. 130 The marsh harrier..no longer breeds in the Broads. 1982 L. H. Brown et al. I. 364/2 Marsh Harrier..♀ with creamy breast-band might be confused with immature African Marsh Harrier C. ranivorus. 1992 Autumn 34/3 It is hoped that the creation of extensive reedbeds will attract bittern, marsh harrier and bearded reedling. the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > genus Circus (harrier) > other types of 1760 G. Edwards II. 174 The Marsh-Hawk is engraved from a drawing done from life in Pensilvania. 1791 W. Bartram 290 F. ranivorus, the marsh hawk. 1812 A. Wilson VI. 67 Marsh Hawk. Falco Uliginosus. This Hawk is the most numerous where there are extensive meadows and salt marshes, over which it sails very low. 1903 E. T. Seton 136 A brown Marsh Hawk came skimming over the river flat. 1992 27/1 The 20,000 acre Trantramar marsh supports the world's densest concentration of nesting pied-billed grebes and marsh hawks. the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Rallidae (rail) > genus Gallinula > gallinula chloropus (moor-hen) 1709 J. Lawson 151 Marsh-Hen, much the same as in Europe, only she makes another sort of Noise, and much shriller. 1802 G. Montagu at Gallinule—Common Gallinule..Provincial. Moor-hen. Marsh-hen. 1845 E. A. Poe Gold-bug in 3 Jupiter..bustled about to prepare some marsh-hens for supper. 1947 M. Henry xvi. 152 Somethin' told me to save the pully bone from that marsh hen. 1986 P. Conroy xxii. 402 ‘Whoopee,’ Luke screamed, flushing a marsh hen from its nest. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Artiodactyla (cloven-hoofed animals) > pig > [noun] > prehistoric varieties of 1863 C. Lyell 25 There were two tame races of the pig,..one large..the other smaller, called the ‘marsh-hog’, or Sus scrofa palustris. 1856 J. Cassin 182 (heading) Otus brachyotus. (Forster.) The Short-eared Owl. The Marsh Owl. 1903 A. C. Stark & W. L. Sclater III. 241 Asio capensis. Marsh owl. 1917 T. G. Pearson II. 101 Short-eared Owl... Other Names.—Marsh Owl; Swamp Owl; Prairie Owl. 1943 C. G. D. Roberts in A. J. M. Smith iii. 180 All the calm night long, Winnowing soft grey wings of marsh-owls wander and wander. 1953 D. A. Bannerman I. 531 Algerian marsh owl Asio capensis tingitanus (Loche)... This Marsh Owl may be distinguished from the Short-eared Owl, which it closely resembles in size..by the uniform earth-brown colour of the plumage. 1996 64 451 On occurrence and diet of the Marsh Owl Asio capensis in the Merja Zerga, northwest Morocco. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Icteridae > [noun] > genus Sturnella (meadow-lark) 1750 J. Birket 4 Oct. (1916) 32 Killd some Squirrels and some very pretty birds called Marsh quails Something bigger then a field fare. 1883 653 The meadow lark or marsh quail. 1935 J. C. Lincoln 137 The Cape Cod market gunner of yesterday also shot upland birds for the market—quail, partridge, snipe,..‘marsh quail’ and an occasional pheasant. 1857 S. F. Baird (U.S. War Dept.: Rep. Explor. Route to Pacific VIII) p. xlv Lepus palustris, Bach—Marsh Rabbit.—Lowlands of southern coast, from South Carolina to Florida. 1869 3 343 It is clear that a Marsh Rabbit has passed this way. 1917 No. 869. 10 In the retail markets of Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wilmington, and other cities, they are sold as ‘marsh rabbits’, but no attempt is made to conceal the fact that they are muskrats. 1931 (U.S. ed.) Dec. 206/2 I saw in front of me a marsh rabbit, which can swim like a muskrat. 1960 H. S. Zim 23 Marsh rabbit is a small all-brown rabbit seen along the Tamiami Trail and in the Everglades. 1990 J. Shields (1991) ii. 163/1 Most people on the Eastern Shore trap muskrat, or what they call ‘marsh rabbit’. 1997 7 294 The marsh rabbit, S. palustris, and the swamp rabbit, S. aquaticus, are sister taxa. 1803 A. H. Haworth i. 16 Marsh Ringlet. 1867 H. T. Stainton vii. 100 Closely allied to the Small Heath Butterfly..is the Marsh Ringlet (Cœnonympha Davus), which occurs in June and July on moors and mosses in the north. 1930 4 Oct. p. iv/4 Varieties [of butterfly] whose rarity lies largely in their insignificance—a Marsh Ringlet. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > [noun] > order Insectivora > family Soricidae > other types of 1829 J. Richardson I. 5 Sorex Palustris, American Marsh-Shrew. 1917 312 The Marsh Shrew ranges from central Minnesota to the east base of the Rocky Mountains. 1935 H. S. Pratt (ed. 2) 254 Marsh shrew... In swamps and wet fields and woods. 1961 H. H. T. Jackson 36 Sorex palustris hydrobadistes... Names include..marsh shrew. the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [noun] > miscellaneous breeds 1826 1 Nov. 105 The horse I rode was one of that species well known in the low country under the denomination of ‘marsh tackies’. 1838 C. Gilman xix. 131 An accident happening to my horse, I was obliged to hire one of the little animals called ‘marsh tackies’ to carry me over a creek. 1937 D. C. Heyward 118 He could..gallop his ‘marsh tackey’ through thickets so dense that a rabbit could scarcely get through them. 1984 R. Wilder 59 Marsh tacky, small horses of the sea islands of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Laridae (gulls and terns) > [noun] > member of genus Sterna (tern) > sterna nilotica (gull-billed tern) a1813 A. Wilson (1814) VIII. 143 Marsh tern. Sterna aranea... This new species I first met with on the shores of Cape May. 1852 W. Macgillivray V. 658 Hydrochelidon nigra, the Black Marsh-tern. 1964 M. Sharland 42 Marsh Terns were dropping into the water for insect food. 1991 June 26/1 Terns can be divided into two types—sea and marsh terns. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Paridae > [noun] > genus Parus (tit) > parus palustris (marsh tit) 1802 G. Montagu Marsh Tit. 1967 J. A. Baker iii. 187 Some were..feeding in the deep leaf mould, with chaffinches,..a marsh tit, and a robin. 1992 10 Oct. (Weekend section) 3/7 The marsh tit stays in its territory, and may fight off another solitary marsh tit. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Paridae > [noun] > genus Parus (tit) > parus palustris (marsh tit) 1673 J. Ray 87 The Marsh Titmouse: Parus palustris. 1774 G. White Let. 2 Sept. in (1789) 102 The titmouse, which early in February begins to make two quaint notes, like the whetting of a saw, is the marsh titmouse. 1843 XXV. 3/2 The Coal-Titmouse..and the Marsh Titmouse all resort at times to buildings. 1885 C. Swainson 33 Marsh Titmouse (Parus palustris)... Saw whetter. 1920 Jan. 68 The marsh titmouse is again figured side by side with the willow titmouse in a supplementary plate to ‘British Birds’. 1986 R. E. Anderson in W. Bechtel v. 328 Both marsh titmice and Clark's nutcrackers regularly cache food supplies in widely dispersed locations. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Heteroptera > family Hydrometridae > member of 1895 J. H. Comstock & A. B. Comstock xiv. 124 The Marsh-treaders, family Limnobatidæ. 1902 L. O. Howard 282 The Marsh Treaders (Hydrometridæ). 1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp 115 Marsh treader; Hydrometra martini. 1837 J. Gould II. Pl. 109 The yellow lining of the mouth, the enlarged size of the bill, and the greener tint of the plumage, are points by which the Marsh Warbler may at all times be distinguished from its near ally. 1937 Feb. 38/2 The sound of a chance marsh warbler. 1992 Autumn 42/2 As well as the familiar songs of nightingales and song thrush, you can learn the calls of a migrating flock of black terns,..or the mimicking song of a marsh warbler. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > division Vermes > [noun] > member of (worm) > used as bait the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > bait > worms and grubs 1653 I. Walton iv. 94 The marsh-worm . View more context for this quotation 1736 ii. ii. 270 Tench delight chiefly in Worms..as the Lob-worm, Marsh worm, Cad-worm, and Flag-worm. 1856 ‘Stonehenge’ 236/1 The Marsh-Worm, or Blue-Head, is found in moist and undrained localities..In colour they are of a light dirty or brownish-purple. 1961 J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson & J. Sankey iii. 42 Lumbricus rubellus (Hoff.)... This very common species, sometimes known as the Marsh Worm, or Red Worm, occurs especially in damp places rich in humus. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Troglodytidae > other types of 1791 W. Bartram 291 M[otacilla] palustris,..the marsh wren. 1810 A. Wilson II. 58 The Marsh Wren arrives in Pennsylvania about the middle of May. 1917 T. G. Pearson III. 198/1 Marsh Wrens..are irrepressible songsters. 1973 6 May 2/4 The male marsh wren, building nest after nest. 1992 Mar. 72/2 A marsh wren..flies out from the reeds. c. In the names of many plants that grow in marshes. 1777 J. Lightfoot I. 214 [Andromeda polifolia] Marsh Andromeda, or Marsh Rosemary. Anglis. 1840 H. Baines 69 A. polifolia. Marsh Andromeda, or Wild Rosemary. 1933 A. W. Boyd (1946) 24 Surrounded by sundew and crowberry..we found many of the pink flowers of the marsh Andromeda. 1971 24 June 1573/3 Ground carpetted [sic] with the shell-pink flowers of marsh andromeda. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bulrush or club-rush 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iv. liii. 513 Turner calleth it..in Englishe, Reede Mace, and Cattes tayle: to the which we may ioyne others, as..Marsh Betill, or Pestill. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > [noun] > bent or agrostis 1764 2 lxxxviii. 300 The grass..proved to be the flote fescue, with a mixture of the marshbent. 1777 J. Lightfoot I. 93 [Agrostis alba] Marsh Bent-Grass. Anglis. In ditches and moist meadows. 1861 J. E. Sowerby & C. Johnson 36 The Marsh Bent Grass is a troublesome weed..on heavy arable land. 1937 S. F. Armstrong (ed. 3) vii. 67 Agrostis stolonifera var. repens. (Marsh bent-grass.) This has the foliage characters and habit of var. stolonifera, but is of much larger size. 1954 C. E. Hubbard 279 ‘Marsh Bent’, A[grostis] stolonifera var. palustris.., is widespread in wet places... It has extensively creeping stolons which mat loosely together..and do not form a turf as in typical A. stolonifera. 1822 W. E. Cormack (1856) 13 The prevalent plants are Indian [cup]..marsh berry..bog apple. 1894 H. Y. Mott 155 He was the first to commence the preserving of native fruits, notably capillaire, squash, marsh and glowberries. 1992 B. Morgan vii. 97 On the other side of the small woods is the bog where the grass and bushes are now golden brown, where red marshberries grow close to the ground and round circles of shallow water reflect the sky. 1858 E. Twining 345 Our marsh Bog-bean which I described to you as an intensely bitter herb. 1629 J. Parkinson xxxvii. 250 The Limonium or Marshe Buglosse groweth in Cales, and Malacca in Spaine, and is found also in Syria. 1659 R. Lovell 63 The Sea Marsh Bugloss h[ealeth] fluxes. 1688 R. Holme ii. iv. 73/1 The Sea Marsh Bugloss, long and smooth leaves, growing altogether, after the manner of a Prim-Rose or Daisy. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > centaury 1670 J. Ray 63 Centaurium palustre luteum minimum, the least yellow Marsh-Centory. 1776 W. Withering 142 [Marsh] Gentian. The blossoms with four clefts without any beard. Marsh Centory. In marshes in Cornwall. 1846 F. H. Knapp 29 E[xacum] Filiforme. Marsh Centaury, Common, or least Gentianella... In sandy turf bogs. 1648 J. Bobart Eng. Catal. at Cinquefoile, in Marsh Cinquefoil, pentaphyllon rubrum palust. 1778 G. White Let. 3 July in (1789) 235 Comarum palustre, purple comarum, or marsh cinque foil,—in the bogs of Bin's-pond. 1863 A. Pratt xiv. 193 In many parts of this kingdom the marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre) grows in abundance, especially on peat-bogs. 1985 C. A. Sinker et al. ii. v. 83 Llyn Rhuddwyn has shallow open water..but is being rapidly invaded by soft rush, marsh cinquefoil and sallows. 1597 J. Gerard ii. 1025 Marish Trefoile is called..in English marsh Clauer, marsh Trefoile, and Buckes Beanes. 1878 W. Dickinson (ed. 2) p. xix Armeria maritima. n.w. Marsh daisy. 2013 J. H. Wiersema & B. León (ed. 2) 861 Marsh daisy—Armeria maritima. 1611 R. Cotgrave Obier, the Ople, water Elder, marsh Elder, Dwarfe plane, Whitten tree. 1731 P. Miller I. at Spiræa frutex Spiræa with a Marsh-Elder Leaf. 1848 A. Gray 220 Iva, L. Marsh Elder. Highwater-shrub. 1911 XII. 668/2 Guelder Rose, so called from Guelderland, its supposed source, termed also marsh elder, rose elder, water elder. 1966 (rev. ed.) IV. 2926/1 Scrub zone. Plants that are typical of this zone include marsh elder (Iva imbricata)..and alders. 1992 (1994) ix. ix. 376/2 Some highly nutritious local crops, such as grain amaranths, chenopods, marsh elder, sunflower..were given up in favour of maize in America. 1776 W. Withering I. 140 Swertia..Marsh Felwort... Marsh Gentian. In Wales. 1857 A. Pratt IV. 3 A plant called Marsh Felwort, Swertia perennis, is very nearly allied to this [sc. Gentiana pneumonanthe]. 1987 J. W. Hughes & W. H. Blackwell 65 Marsh Felwort... Up to 16″; flower is star shaped. 2001 L. Kershaw et al. 174 Marsh felwort has spread rapidly over North America since deglaciation. the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns 1670 J. Ray 114 Filix palustris seu aquatica... Marsh or Water-male-Fern.] 1686 J. Ray I. iii. ii. 144 Filix palustris maxiama dentata... The greatest marsh-Fern. 1855 J. E. Sowerby & C. Johnson 16 Lastrea Thelypteris. Marsh Fern... A very local species, found only in a wet spongy soil. 1956 B. Cobb 84 Marsh Fern... One of our most common ferns [in Central North America]. In sunny moist meadows almost as common as the grasses. 1988 (Royal Hort. Soc.) Mar. 137/2 Here in profusion, thriving in the damp ground, can be found colonies of the marsh fern. 1776 W. Withering II. 518 Cineraria... Marsh Fleawort... In Marshes and wet ditches. 1990 Spring–Summer 22/2 It is vital that they [sc. wetland species] are protected adequately here, though we are too late to save the marsh fleawort which became extinct in about 1900. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > other aquatic plants 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 723/2 Marsh-flower, Limnanthemum. 1989 L. Cronin 29 Villarsia exaltata... Yellow Marsh Flower. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Gentianaceae (gentians) > [noun] 1690 J. Ray 102 Gentiana palustris angustifolia C.B... Marsh Gentian or Calathian Violet. 1762 W. Hudson 87 Swertia..perennis..Marsh Gentian. 1833 A. Eaton (ed. 6) ii. 154 Gentiana..ochroleuca..marsh gentian. 1871 R. Deakin 211/2 G[entiana] Pneumonanthe, Linn. Marsh Gentian... On Waterdown, Broadwater, Frant, and Ashdown Forests, &c. 1900 A. B. Lyons 171 G. saponaria... Marsh or rough gentian. 1900 A. B. Lyons 171 G. villosa... Straw colored or marsh gentian. 1988 Spring 19/1 He was sorry to see the scarce marsh gentian being sent to exchange clubs. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > campions and catchflies 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. vii. 157 The fourth..is called Veronica syluestris: in English wilde Williams, Marshe gillofers, or Cockow gillofers. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bent grass, rush, or sedge the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > marsh grass 1785 in (1925) 20 44 The Island..had flaggs or marsh grass growing on it. 1796 J. Morse (new ed.) I. 180 Every appearance of a salt marsh, that is, marsh grass, marsh mud, and brackish water. 1849 W. A. Burt in C. T. Jackson 844 Many of the drained beaver-ponds have become meadows, from which several tons of bluejoint or marsh grass may be annually cut. 1868 May 592/1 Clumps..begin to make their appearance above the reeds and tall marsh-grass. 1903 J. K. Small 132 Spartina... Often tall grasses, with flat or convolute leaf-blades... Marsh grass. 1936 D. McCowan xix. 169 His supper was often of coarse marsh grass. 1990 Dec. 55/1 As the algal mat develops..the area becomes stable enough for mud-loving organisms and the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora to move in. 1777 J. Lightfoot I. 527 [Serapias palustris]Marsh Helleborine. Anglis. In rough boggy pastures and marshes, but not common. 1980 D. Lang 26 The Marsh Helleborine grows in abundance in wet dune slacks. 1762 W. Hudson 380 Equisetum..palustre... Marsh Horse-tail. 1978 A. C. Jermy et al. 25 Equisetum palustre. Marsh Horsetail... A widespread species requiring moving ground water with a medium base-content. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > sea lavender and allied flowers 1597 J. Gerard ii. 333 The people neere the sea side where it groweth do call it Marsh Lauander, and Sea Lauander. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > other aquatic plants 1760 J. Lee App. 317 Liver-wort, Marsh, Riccia. 1792 (London ed.) II. 451 Riccia, Marsh Liverwort. 1839 XVIII. 591/1 Riccia, in botany, marsh liverwort, a genus of the natural order of algae. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > marsh cinquefoil 1776 W. Withering I. 310 Comarum..Palustre... Marshlocks. 1762 W. Hudson 236 Pedicularis..palustris... Marsh Louse-wort. 1989 (BBONT) 130 There are many colourful flowers to interest the visitor [to Bullingdon Bog], such as marsh helleborine..marsh lousewort..and the handsome butterwort. 1821 19 Dec. I have an excellent crop of Indian corn, potatoes, beans, pease,..water melons, marsh melons, [etc.]. 1879 H. N. Moseley 70 The latter [melons] are remarkably fine in size and flavour, both water and marsh melons. 1966 S. Dutta iii. 219 There is another type of Cucumis, called marsh-melon, which is grown in the eastern region. 2007 P. Salstrom ii. 27 They grew corn, potatoes, turnips, cabbage, ‘pickles’, beans, beets, carrots, watermelon, marsh-melon, and pumpkins. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > fruit, seed, or flower used in dyeing > [noun] > marking-nut 1807 W. Wood III. 133 Semecarpus anacardium Linn...is known by the name of Malacca-bean, or marsh-nut, and, in consequence of yielding a considerable quantity of varnish, is much sought after by the Chinese. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 1047/2 S[emecarpus] Anacardium is the Marking-nut tree of India. The seeds, called Malacca-beans or Marsh-nuts, are eaten. 1916 IV. 2304/1 Semecarpus Anacardium, Marking-Nut,..Marsh-nut, Oriental Cashew. 1989 A. V. Sambhamurty & N. S. Subrahmanyam 635 Semecarpus anacardium L...Marking Nut, Marany Nut Marsh Nut & Oriental Cashew. Native to Malyasia, and the Solomon Islands. 1919 57 137 Orchis prætermissa is used in this paper to indicate the marsh orchid with unspotted leaves, other than O. incarnata. 1950 J. Brooke 111 The predominant Western Irish Marsh Orchid has been described by H. W. Pugsley under the title of O[rchis] majalis subsp. occidentalis. 1977 27 Aug. 4/9 Other species, such as the Marsh Orchid, prefer more acid conditions. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > orchids > marsh or spotted orchis 1807 J. V. Thompson 90 Orchis Latifolia, Marsh Orchis. 1863 A. Pratt viii. 108 Where meadows are moist, the marsh orchis (Orchis latifolia) is..common. 1960 S. Ary & M. Gregory 158/2 Marsh Orchis (Orchis strictifolia)... There are two somewhat similar Marsh Orchises. Orchis praetermissa is most common in the south..O. purpurella, found in marshes..in the north, is shorter [etc.]. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > water-parsley or aquatic umbellifers the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > stalk vegetables > celery > wild celery 1582 S. Batman xvii. xiii. f. 279/1 Marsh parsele or Smallach. 1582 S. Batman xvii. cxxx. f. 313/2 Marsh Parsely is Smallach. 1657 W. Coles clxxxvi. 290 It is called..Heleoselium..signifying a Marsh, and..Apium, that is Parsly... In English, it is called Smallage and Marsh Parsly. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 849/1 Marsh parsley, Elæoselinum. 1884 W. Miller 102/2 Marsh Parsley, Œnanthe Lachenalii and the genus Elæoselinum. 2009 E. W. Chester et al. 29/2 Cyclospermum Lag., Marsh Parsley. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > bulrush or club-rush 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens iv. liii. 513 Turner calleth it..in Englishe, Reede Mace, and Cattes tayle: to the which we may ioyne others, as Water Torche, Marche Betill, or Pestill. 1856 23 365 Amidst the coarse grass by the salt pools, grew the delicate marsh pink, the only native flora of the place. 1901 A. Lounsberry 427 S. dodecandra, large marsh pink, flourishes near the coast and from July until September unfolds its most beautiful flowers. 1942 C. J. Hylander 431 The Marsh Pinks (Sabatia) are slender plants with linear or oval leaves, found in wet pinelands and brackish marshes of our eastern states. 1968 R. T. Peterson & M. McKenny 220 A yellow eye with border of red marks the marsh-pinks. 1982 24 Oct. h10 We're in time to catch a few marsh pinks in flower. 1724 J. J. Dillenius (ed. 3) 178 Jacobæa latifolia palustris sive aquatica... Broad-leaved Marsh, or Water Ragwort. 1998 8 Aug. i. 15/6 Marsh ragwort grows in the bog, sedges and rushes abound. 1738 G. C. Deering 161 Great marsh Red rattle or Cowswort.] 1835 D. Booth 218 Two perennial species of Pedicularis, Lousewort (the palustris Marsh Lousewort, or Marsh Red Rattle, and the sylvatica, Common Red Rattle) have also been called Cockscombs. 1868 M. R. Barnard tr. C. W. Paijkull App. 359/2 Pedicularis palus. Marsh red-rattle. 1918 W. Graveson xvi. 138 Where the ground is boggy, Marsh Valerian and Marsh Red Rattle are plentiful. 1932 R. Fisher I. 144 Marsh Red Rattle (Pedicularis palustris). 1958 P. Lewis 282 Pedicularis palustris L.Marsh Red Rattle. An erect, branched annual herb..with dark reddish-pink flowers and purple-tinged stems... Marsh Red Rattle is locally common throughout Britain and extends over northern and central Europe and northern Asia. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > reed or the reed plant 1797 II. 384/1 The phragmitis, or common marsh-reed, grows by the sides of rivers and in standing waters. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > leaf vegetables > cress 1739 P. Miller II Sisymbrium palustre minus..the lesser Marsh-rocket. 1887 No. 4. 51 In Loch Mailing, Auldgirth, and Lochmaben the marsh rocket, Nasturtium palustre, is not unfrequent. 1951 V. Nabokov vi. 96 The intoxicating racemes of the lone and mysterious marsh-rocket. 1835 N. P. Willis I. xvi. 197 The avenue..from the gate is lined with high bushes of the marsh-rose in the most luxuriant bloom. 1949 L. G. Green v. 74 Some of the Cape flowers are almost extinct... Among the rarest of all is the Marsh Rose. 1954 R. L. Taylor (ed. 3) 81 In 1837, Peter Collinson asked John Bartram to ‘send a specimen or two of the Upland Rose and the Marsh Rose’.. The reference may have been to R. palustris. 1972 5 439/1 In the reserve..are many beautiful and interesting endemic species such as Mimetes integra, Mimetes capitulata, Orothamnus zeyheri (marsh rose)..and Retzia capensis. 1990 H. le Rougetel (BNC) 122 Among the plants received by the Royal Society..Rosa sempervirens and R. centifolia muscosa were despatched in 1735, R. pimpinellifolia and R. palustria (from America and also known as the Marsh or Swamp Rose) in 1739. 1992 D. M. Richardson & B. W. Van Wilgen in 46 No. 4. 160 Fire was necessary to prevent the extinction of certain species, e.g. the endangered blushing bride (Serruria florida) and the marsh rose (Orothamnus zeyheri). the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > names applied to various aquatic plants the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > tea-plant > [noun] > types of the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > sea lavender and allied flowers 1777 J. Lightfoot I. 214 [Andromeda polifolia] Marsh Andromeda, or Marsh Rosemary. Anglis. 1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. I. 294 Ledum. Marsh Rosemary. 1845–50 A. H. Lincoln (new ed.) v. App. 173 Statice limonium (marsh-rosemary, sea-lavender). 1861 H. B. Stowe I. x. 82 ‘Marsh rosemary is a very excellent gargle.’ Said Mr. Sewell. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 991/2 Marsh rosemary,Andromeda polifolia. 1931 M. Grieve II. 474 Lavender, sea, American. Statice Caroliniana... Marsh Rosemary... It has long been in use as a domestic remedy for diarrhoea, dysentery, etc., but is only used as an astringent tonic after the acute stage has passed. 1976 (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 664 Limonium... Marsh Rosemary... Often grown in rock gardens, in greenhouses, or for cut flowers, some are useful in dry bouquets. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in paper, glass, or pottery manufacture > [noun] > glassworts 1670 J. Ray 183 Kali geniculato ad modum Crithmi præparato & muriâ condito, ad acuendum appetitum..in acetariis utuntur nostrates, & Marsh-Sampire..nuncupant. 1727 C. Threlkeld F 2 b The English use the pickled shoots like Sampire to stir up an Appetite, and call it Marsh-sampire. 1824 J. C. Loudon (ed. 2) iii. i. 681 Marsh-samphire is the Salicornia Herbacea, L... It is occasionally gathered and brought to market; and is used for pickling, and in salads. 1978 J. Grigson (1983) 330 In Norfolk and Suffolk the marsh samphire is boiled and eaten as a vegetable and regarded as a summer delicacy. 1640 J. Parkinson iv. v. 428 (heading) Saxifraga palustris Anglica. Mr Goodyers Marsh Saxifrage. 1762 W. Hudson 178 Spergula nodosa... Saxifraga palustris anglica. Park 427. Anglis, knotted Spurrey, or English marsh Saxifrage. 1776 W. Withering 266 [Knotted] Spurrey. The leaves opposite; awl-shaped..Saxifraga palustris Anglica. Park..English Marsh Saxifrage. 1858 A. Irvine 575 S. Hirculus, Yellow Marsh Saxifrage... Stems stout, erect, downy above, with barren, prostrate shoots. 1989 25 May 4/5 The marsh saxifrage occurs in 20 locations in the Pennines and Scotland... It is in decline throughout Europe and is extinct in West Germany and Holland. 1762 W. Hudson 295 Sonchus..palustris... Marsh Sow-thistle. 1830 D. Booth 180 The arvensis is the Corn Sowthistle, the palustris is the Marsh Sowthistle and the alpinus is the Blue Sowthistle. 1971 R. S. R. Fitter 295 The fen flora, found at its best in Woodwalton Fen, includes..such uncommon species as Fen Violet and Marsh Sow-thistle. 2002 J. Burchardt xiv. 169 The farmers wanted to drain the marshes, but they sheltered endangered indigenous species such as bitterns, swallowtail butterflies and marsh sowthistle. 1822 A. Eaton (ed. 3) 332 Ledeum..palustre... Marsh-tea. 1872 M. Schele de Vere (ed. 2) 396 Even distant Labrador is called upon to aid in furnishing a variety of the favourite beverage; at least in the Northwest they have a tea called Mash-tea, and another called Labrador-tea, made from two plants..the leaves of which are said to furnish a pleasant infusion. 1892 C. F. Millspaugh 100-2 Marsh Tea (Ledum latifolium, Ait.), used in dysentery, diarrhœa, tertian ague, and in some places to render beer heady. 1993 31 144/1 The accumulation of microelements in marsh tea depended on area. 1686 J. Ray I. vii. iv. 309 Carduus palustris..polyacanthos...March thistle. 1779 June 174 The Marsh Thistle is very tall and prickly. 1842 2 7 Rushes and..marsh thistles filled up the under ground. 1918 6 41 The Marsh Thistle only attains abundance in the damper parts [of the woods]. 1960 S. Ary & M. Gregory 150 The flower-heads [of the welted thistle, Carduus crispus]..are surrounded by narrow bracts. These and the pappus of long unbranched hairs on the fruits..distinguish this plant from Marsh Thistle. 1999 Spring 25/1 Where reeds grow tall, marsh thistle grows equally lank. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > buckbean 1597 J. Gerard ii. 1025 Marish Trefoile is called..in English marsh Clauer, marsh Trefoile, and Buckes Beanes. 1764 1 435 That the marsh-trefoil will cure the rot, I cannot, from experience, corroborate. 1880 W. B. Dawkins vi. 125 In the marshes there were alders, osmund royal, and marsh trefoil. 1974 N. Coon 144 Buckbean, marsh trefoil. 2012 H. Bellebuono ii. C. 253 Bogbean. Menyanthes trefoil... Also called marsh trefoil or water shamrock. 1753 Suppl. at Viola The round-leaved marsh Violet. 1861 S. Thomson (rev. ed.) 175 The marsh violet is a very pretty, transparent-looking plant; as its name indicates, its habitat is in the bogs. 1937 A. W. Boyd (1946) 140 There were pale marsh violets and bushes of buckthorn among the birches and sallows. 1987 A. Fitter 73/1 Marsh violet... No above-ground stems... Marshes, fens, woods. Derivatives 1805 W. Marshall (ed. 2) II. 273 Cross the Isle, and a marsh-like flat of rich sound land. 1839 P. J. Bailey 238 Doth not nature—All light in life, shine, marsh-like, too, in death? 1888 H. R. Haggard (1891) iv. 40 We..took up the spoor..and followed it into the marsh-like land beyond. 1983 T. W. Fisher & R. E. Orth 11/2 Seepage or outflow may create a permanent marsh-like habitat. 2012 J. O. Whitaker et al. vi. 101/1 Marsh wrens are among the few passerines critically associated with such marsh-like habitats. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). Marshn.2 Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Marsh. Etymology: < the name of Charles M. Marsh (b. 1860, d. post-1900), U.S. nursery owner, who introduced the Marsh Seedless variety in the 1890s. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > citrus fruit > [noun] > grapefruit > types of 1900 B. M. Lelong 82 Pomelo... Varieties... Duncan..Thursby..March [sic] Seedless. 1968 J. W. Purseglove II. 506 ‘Marsh’ (syn. ‘Marsh Seedless’) is the most widely planted cv.; it usually has 0–8 seeds per fruit. ‘Thompson’ (syn. ‘Pink Marsh’) with pink flesh and 3–5 seeds per fruit arose as a bud mutation in Florida. ‘Ruby’ and ‘Webb’, two red-fleshed cvs, arose as bud mutations from ‘Thompson’. 1988 M. Stewart ii. 61 (caption) The Marsh Ruby grapefruits served with this grapefruit sorbet are such a wonderful color. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1eOE n.21900 |
