Medusan.

Brit.

/mᵻˈdjuːzə/,

/mᵻˈdjuːsə/,

/mᵻˈdʒuːzə/,

/mᵻˈdʒuːsə/, U.S.

/məˈd(j)uzə/,

/məˈd(j)usə/

Inflections: Plural Medusae, Medusas.

Forms: Middle English–1600s 1800s– Meduse, Middle English– Medusa, 1500s–1600s Medusae, 1600s Medusia. Also with lower-case initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Medūsa.

Etymology: < classical Latin Medūsa < ancient Greek Μέδουσα, the name of the only mortal gorgon, killed by Perseus, in Greek mythology. Medusa's head was subsequently fixed on the aegis or shield of Athene.The Greek form Μέδουσα is identical with the present participle feminine of μέδειν to protect, rule ( < the Indo-European base of mete v.¹). Whether or not the name Μέδουσα is historically derived < μέδειν , it is likely that it is from the same Indo-European base and that it was influenced by the verb in its form. The apotropaic character of Medusa in Archaic Greek art seems to accord with the view that the name is derived directly from the verb. Compare Gorgon n. N.E.D. (1906) gives only the pronunciation (mĭdiū·să) /mɪˈdjuːsə/.

1. Greek Mythology. The one of the three Gorgons who was mortal (see Gorgon n. 1a); (more generally) each of the three Gorgons. Also allusively with reference to any of the attributes of a Gorgon. Hence: a person who resembles Medusa; a terrifying or ugly woman.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being horrible > [noun] > person or thing which inspires horror > gorgon or Medusa

Medusaa1393

Gorgona1529

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 438 Cast noght thin yhe upon Meduse, That thou be torned into Ston.

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. A.iii^v From Medusa that mare That lyke a fende doth stare.

1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. G^v She is faire Lucina to your king, But fierce Medusa to your baser eie.

1598 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 222 Being as it were astonished with the snaky visage of Medusa.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 611 Medusa with Gorgonian terror guards The Ford.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. xxvi. 188 But, after what Emily told me, she appears to me as a Medusa.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 22 With bright wreath of serpent-tresses crown'd,..young Medusa frown'd.

1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 509 She herself was literally the first Wig. Hence the Whigs—for Medusa herself was one, and head of that family ex-aspirated.

1882 M. Arnold Irish Ess. 179 And the true and simple reason against inequality they avert their eyes from, as if it were a Medusa.

1929 W. F. Foshag in G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky ii. iv. 272 The Greeks called it gorgeia and believed that it originated from the blood which dripped from the head of Medusa.

1966 Listener 2 June 804/1 Miss MacIntosh would have been a bit of a bore in a decent eighty thousand words; in all these millions she is a Medusa.

1998 K. Lette Altar Ego ix. 84 A medusa of dreadlocks coiled from his crown.

2. A jellyfish; (Zoology) a cnidarian invertebrate, generally free-swimming, having a dome-shaped body with a thick gelatinous mesogloea and one or more rings of hanging tentacles.Adopted by Linnaeus as a scientific Latin genus name (in Systema Naturæ (1735) f. 8, for a form now called Aurelia), from the resemblance of certain species to a head with snaky curls; but now disused as a taxonomic term.The medusa and the polyp are the two basic body forms of cnidarians, which may exhibit one form or both during their life cycle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > class Acalepha > member of (jelly-fish)

nettle1601

sea-nettle1601

blubber1602

nettlefish1611

red nettle1611

squalder1659

sea-jellya1682

urticaa1682

carvel1688

sea-qualm1694

sea-bleb1700

acaleph1706

sea-blubber1717

Medusa1752

quarla1820

acalephan1834

medusite1838

jellyfish1841

naked-eyed medusa1848

slobber1849

sea-cross1850

sea-danger1850

sun squall1853

discophore1856

medusoid1856

starch1860

Discophoran1876

jelly1882

sea-blub1885

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > class Hydrozoa > member of > zooid > reproductive

ovarian vesicle1797

gonophore1859

sporosac1859

phyogemmarium1861

planoblast1871

Medusa1888

1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 89 The body of the Medusa is of an orbiculated figure.

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 257 Another variety of the medusa's.

1790 Cook's 1st Voy. I. 17 A species of the Medusa..which..emitted a whitish light.

1832 W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt i. 28 The whole sea was covered with a prodigious quantity of medusæ.

1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. vii. 222 They [sc. Salpes] are gelatinous like the medusas and beroes.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 752 The ovum is marked, as it always is in Craspedote Medusae.

1904 C. S. Sherrington in Nature 8 Sept. 860/1 The nerve-net system such as met in Medusa and in the walls of viscera.

1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs ii. 42 In Gleba and Corolla..the wings have grown together into a heart-shaped fringe which is moved gracefully in swimming like a skirt or the bell of a medusa.

1979 T. Keneally Passenger vi. 57 And the smell you had when starfish and seaweed, medusae and plankton came in high on to the beaches.

1992 Nature Canada Fall 12/1 Few Canadians have ever seen..these medusae (the familiar name bestowed upon all jellyfish because of the tentacles that weave and snare).

Compounds

C1.

a. (In sense 1.)

Medusa-apparition n.

ΚΠ

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. vi. xlviii. 378 The Medusa-apparition was made effective beyond Lydia's conception by the shock it gave Gwendolen.

Medusa hat n.

ΚΠ

1990 Vogue Sept. 30 (caption) Lucy Ferry wears his Medusa hat of pink silk organza.

Medusa head n. (see also Medusa's head n.).

ΚΠ

1849 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Feb. 116 Is it wonderful that socialism rears its Medusa head, and shakes its serpent curls at all government, declaring, with the fanatic Proudhon, that all property is robbery?

1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xl. 423 It [sc. a piece of sculpture] is..the headless body of a man, clad in a coat of mail, with a Medusa head upon the breast-plate.

1968 H. Ellison City on Edge of Forever in J. Blish Star Trek 2 98 Some of it was masked by the Medusa-head of wires, oils and banks of old vacuum tubes.

1995 Guardian 15 July 10/8 The..mosaic has a Medusa head at a most unusual angle.

b. (In sense 2.)

(a)

medusa bud n.

ΚΠ

1851 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 50 268 The Medusa-bud falls off before its full development.

1890 Nature 20 Feb. 376 Their tiny fleets of medusa-buds, watery ghost-lets, flitting away.

1963 G. A. Kerkut Borradaile & Potts's Invertebrata (rev. ed.) v. 153 The latter [sc. the hydroid phase] either forms medusa buds or..metamorphoses into a medusa.

1993 Publ. Seto Marine Biol. Lab. (Kyoto Univ.) 36 93 The attachment sites of the hydroids and their incidence of medusa bud production were observed in this new host.

medusa-budding n.

ΚΠ

1871 G. J. Allman Monogr. Gymnoblastic Hydroids 82 The phenomenon of medusa-budding does not necessarily find its extreme term in the formation of the medusa itself.

1910 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 146/2 The direct method of medusa-budding only differs from the polyp-bud by its greater complexity of parts and organs.

medusa form n.

ΚΠ

1852–4 A. Thomson in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 22/2 We must regard that condition in which sexual reproduction takes place as the complete one, and this we have seen is..the Acaleph or Medusa form.

1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 95 Swimming Hydroid colonies, all the persons of which have passed into the Medusa form.

1940 L. H. Hyman Invertebrates I. vii. 373 The medusa form resembles a deep to shallow bowl of gelatine, termed the bell or umbrella.

1963 G. A. Kerkut Borradaile & Potts's Invertebrata (rev. ed.) v. 152 They are medusæ, but never have the complete medusa-form.

medusa generation n.

ΚΠ

1855 W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. I. 254 A Medusa generation may go on producing Medusa generations.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XX. 234/2 The permanent polyp-generation alternates regularly with a relatively transient medusa-generation.

medusa larva n.

ΚΠ

1888 Stud. Biol. Labor. Johns Hopkins Univ. 4 148 The hydranth is essentially a medusa-larva.

1950 Q. Rev. Biol. 25 314/1 Claus (1882)..considered the medusa to be primary, and the hydroid a medusa larva.

medusa-type n.

ΚΠ

1871 G. J. Allman Monogr. Gymnoblastic Hydroids 84 A very different medusa-type.

1940 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. iv. 154 These structures, as well as the swimming-bells and sporosacs, are formed on the medusa-type.

(b)

medusa-shaped adj.

ΚΠ

1846 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Zoophytes iii. 23 The medusa-shaped young.

1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 100 Like those forms of fixed hydroids, which never drop medusa-shaped buds,..the Physophoridæ never attain as completely developed a form as the Diphyidæ.

C2.

medusafish n. a member of the family Centrolophidae of temperate and subtropical marine fishes, the young of which often swim close to jellyfishes (see quot. 1983); spec. the northern Pacific species Icichthys lockingtoni.

ΚΠ

1960 Systematic Zool. 9 142/1 Icichthys lockingtoni Jordan and Gilbert, the medusafish.

1983 W. N. Eschmeyer & E. S. Herald Field Guide Pacific Coast Fishes N. Amer. v. 280 Young medusafishes live near jellyfishes and can be found inside the jellyfish ‘bell’. (Presumably, young medusafishes are immune to the stinging cells of jellyfishes and move inside them for protection from predators.) The young also eat jellyfishes, especially the tentacles and gonads.

1985 A. Wheeler World Encycl. Fishes 218/3 The medusafish is widely distributed in the cool temperate waters of the N. Pacific, occurring from off the coast of California to Alaska and S. to Japanese waters.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	medusa
释义	Medusan. Brit. /mᵻˈdjuːzə/, /mᵻˈdjuːsə/, /mᵻˈdʒuːzə/, /mᵻˈdʒuːsə/, U.S. /məˈd(j)uzə/, /məˈd(j)usə/ Inflections: Plural Medusae, Medusas. Forms: Middle English–1600s 1800s– Meduse, Middle English– Medusa, 1500s–1600s Medusae, 1600s Medusia. Also with lower-case initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin Medūsa. Etymology: < classical Latin Medūsa < ancient Greek Μέδουσα, the name of the only mortal gorgon, killed by Perseus, in Greek mythology. Medusa's head was subsequently fixed on the aegis or shield of Athene.The Greek form Μέδουσα is identical with the present participle feminine of μέδειν to protect, rule ( < the Indo-European base of mete v.¹). Whether or not the name Μέδουσα is historically derived < μέδειν , it is likely that it is from the same Indo-European base and that it was influenced by the verb in its form. The apotropaic character of Medusa in Archaic Greek art seems to accord with the view that the name is derived directly from the verb. Compare Gorgon n. N.E.D. (1906) gives only the pronunciation (mĭdiū·să) /mɪˈdjuːsə/. 1. Greek Mythology. The one of the three Gorgons who was mortal (see Gorgon n. 1a); (more generally) each of the three Gorgons. Also allusively with reference to any of the attributes of a Gorgon. Hence: a person who resembles Medusa; a terrifying or ugly woman. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being horrible > [noun] > person or thing which inspires horror > gorgon or Medusa Medusaa1393 Gorgona1529 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 438 Cast noght thin yhe upon Meduse, That thou be torned into Ston. a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. A.iii^v From Medusa that mare That lyke a fende doth stare. 1594 T. Lodge & R. Greene Looking Glasse sig. G^v She is faire Lucina to your king, But fierce Medusa to your baser eie. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) I. 222 Being as it were astonished with the snaky visage of Medusa. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 611 Medusa with Gorgonian terror guards The Ford. View more context for this quotation 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. xxvi. 188 But, after what Emily told me, she appears to me as a Medusa. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 22 With bright wreath of serpent-tresses crown'd,..young Medusa frown'd. 1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 509 She herself was literally the first Wig. Hence the Whigs—for Medusa herself was one, and head of that family ex-aspirated. 1882 M. Arnold Irish Ess. 179 And the true and simple reason against inequality they avert their eyes from, as if it were a Medusa. 1929 W. F. Foshag in G. P. Merrill Minerals from Earth & Sky ii. iv. 272 The Greeks called it gorgeia and believed that it originated from the blood which dripped from the head of Medusa. 1966 Listener 2 June 804/1 Miss MacIntosh would have been a bit of a bore in a decent eighty thousand words; in all these millions she is a Medusa. 1998 K. Lette Altar Ego ix. 84 A medusa of dreadlocks coiled from his crown. 2. A jellyfish; (Zoology) a cnidarian invertebrate, generally free-swimming, having a dome-shaped body with a thick gelatinous mesogloea and one or more rings of hanging tentacles.Adopted by Linnaeus as a scientific Latin genus name (in Systema Naturæ (1735) f. 8, for a form now called Aurelia), from the resemblance of certain species to a head with snaky curls; but now disused as a taxonomic term.The medusa and the polyp are the two basic body forms of cnidarians, which may exhibit one form or both during their life cycle. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > class Acalepha > member of (jelly-fish) nettle1601 sea-nettle1601 blubber1602 nettlefish1611 red nettle1611 squalder1659 sea-jellya1682 urticaa1682 carvel1688 sea-qualm1694 sea-bleb1700 acaleph1706 sea-blubber1717 Medusa1752 quarla1820 acalephan1834 medusite1838 jellyfish1841 naked-eyed medusa1848 slobber1849 sea-cross1850 sea-danger1850 sun squall1853 discophore1856 medusoid1856 starch1860 Discophoran1876 jelly1882 sea-blub1885 the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [noun] > class Hydrozoa > member of > zooid > reproductive ovarian vesicle1797 gonophore1859 sporosac1859 phyogemmarium1861 planoblast1871 Medusa1888 1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 89 The body of the Medusa is of an orbiculated figure. 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall 257 Another variety of the medusa's. 1790 Cook's 1st Voy. I. 17 A species of the Medusa..which..emitted a whitish light. 1832 W. Macgillivray Trav. & Researches A. von Humboldt i. 28 The whole sea was covered with a prodigious quantity of medusæ. 1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. vii. 222 They [sc. Salpes] are gelatinous like the medusas and beroes. 1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 752 The ovum is marked, as it always is in Craspedote Medusae. 1904 C. S. Sherrington in Nature 8 Sept. 860/1 The nerve-net system such as met in Medusa and in the walls of viscera. 1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs ii. 42 In Gleba and Corolla..the wings have grown together into a heart-shaped fringe which is moved gracefully in swimming like a skirt or the bell of a medusa. 1979 T. Keneally Passenger vi. 57 And the smell you had when starfish and seaweed, medusae and plankton came in high on to the beaches. 1992 Nature Canada Fall 12/1 Few Canadians have ever seen..these medusae (the familiar name bestowed upon all jellyfish because of the tentacles that weave and snare). Compounds C1. a. (In sense 1.) Medusa-apparition n. ΚΠ 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. vi. xlviii. 378 The Medusa-apparition was made effective beyond Lydia's conception by the shock it gave Gwendolen. Medusa hat n. ΚΠ 1990 Vogue Sept. 30 (caption) Lucy Ferry wears his Medusa hat of pink silk organza. Medusa head n. (see also Medusa's head n.). ΚΠ 1849 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Feb. 116 Is it wonderful that socialism rears its Medusa head, and shakes its serpent curls at all government, declaring, with the fanatic Proudhon, that all property is robbery? 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xl. 423 It [sc. a piece of sculpture] is..the headless body of a man, clad in a coat of mail, with a Medusa head upon the breast-plate. 1968 H. Ellison City on Edge of Forever in J. Blish Star Trek 2 98 Some of it was masked by the Medusa-head of wires, oils and banks of old vacuum tubes. 1995 Guardian 15 July 10/8 The..mosaic has a Medusa head at a most unusual angle. b. (In sense 2.) (a) medusa bud n. ΚΠ 1851 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 50 268 The Medusa-bud falls off before its full development. 1890 Nature 20 Feb. 376 Their tiny fleets of medusa-buds, watery ghost-lets, flitting away. 1963 G. A. Kerkut Borradaile & Potts's Invertebrata (rev. ed.) v. 153 The latter [sc. the hydroid phase] either forms medusa buds or..metamorphoses into a medusa. 1993 Publ. Seto Marine Biol. Lab. (Kyoto Univ.) 36 93 The attachment sites of the hydroids and their incidence of medusa bud production were observed in this new host. medusa-budding n. ΚΠ 1871 G. J. Allman Monogr. Gymnoblastic Hydroids 82 The phenomenon of medusa-budding does not necessarily find its extreme term in the formation of the medusa itself. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XIV. 146/2 The direct method of medusa-budding only differs from the polyp-bud by its greater complexity of parts and organs. medusa form n. ΚΠ 1852–4 A. Thomson in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 22/2 We must regard that condition in which sexual reproduction takes place as the complete one, and this we have seen is..the Acaleph or Medusa form. 1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 95 Swimming Hydroid colonies, all the persons of which have passed into the Medusa form. 1940 L. H. Hyman Invertebrates I. vii. 373 The medusa form resembles a deep to shallow bowl of gelatine, termed the bell or umbrella. 1963 G. A. Kerkut Borradaile & Potts's Invertebrata (rev. ed.) v. 152 They are medusæ, but never have the complete medusa-form. medusa generation n. ΚΠ 1855 W. S. Dallas in Syst. Nat. Hist. I. 254 A Medusa generation may go on producing Medusa generations. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XX. 234/2 The permanent polyp-generation alternates regularly with a relatively transient medusa-generation. medusa larva n. ΚΠ 1888 Stud. Biol. Labor. Johns Hopkins Univ. 4 148 The hydranth is essentially a medusa-larva. 1950 Q. Rev. Biol. 25 314/1 Claus (1882)..considered the medusa to be primary, and the hydroid a medusa larva. medusa-type n. ΚΠ 1871 G. J. Allman Monogr. Gymnoblastic Hydroids 84 A very different medusa-type. 1940 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. iv. 154 These structures, as well as the swimming-bells and sporosacs, are formed on the medusa-type. (b) medusa-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1846 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Zoophytes iii. 23 The medusa-shaped young. 1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 100 Like those forms of fixed hydroids, which never drop medusa-shaped buds,..the Physophoridæ never attain as completely developed a form as the Diphyidæ. C2. medusafish n. a member of the family Centrolophidae of temperate and subtropical marine fishes, the young of which often swim close to jellyfishes (see quot. 1983); spec. the northern Pacific species Icichthys lockingtoni. ΚΠ 1960 Systematic Zool. 9 142/1 Icichthys lockingtoni Jordan and Gilbert, the medusafish. 1983 W. N. Eschmeyer & E. S. Herald Field Guide Pacific Coast Fishes N. Amer. v. 280 Young medusafishes live near jellyfishes and can be found inside the jellyfish ‘bell’. (Presumably, young medusafishes are immune to the stinging cells of jellyfishes and move inside them for protection from predators.) The young also eat jellyfishes, especially the tentacles and gonads. 1985 A. Wheeler World Encycl. Fishes 218/3 The medusafish is widely distributed in the cool temperate waters of the N. Pacific, occurring from off the coast of California to Alaska and S. to Japanese waters. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1393
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