materialismn.

Brit.

/məˈtɪərɪəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: material adj., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < material adj. + -ism suffix, probably after materialist n. Compare German Materialismus (1720, after S. Clarke's use), French matérialisme (1754). Trésor de la Langue Française s.v., following A. Lalande Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie (1938) at matérialisme, gives a date 1702 for French matérialisme in Leibniz Réplique aux réflexions de Bayle (in Leibnitii Opera Philosophica ed. J. E. Erdmann (1840) 186/1), but in fact the statement in Lalande is ambiguous, and Leibniz uses not matérialisme but matérialiste. Similarly, the claim that the English word materialism appears in R. Boyle The Excellency and Grounds of the Mechanical Hypothesis (1674), also taken from Lalande Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie (1938), is unfounded: Boyle uses not materialism but materialist.

1. Philosophy. The theory or belief that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications; (more narrowly) the theory or belief that mental phenomena are nothing more than, or are wholly caused by, the operation of material or physical agencies.dialectical materialism: see dialectical adj. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > materialism > [noun]

corporealism1678

materialism1678

somatisma1731

hypophysicsa1834

dialectics1887

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 102 Plato and others concluded this Materialism or Hylopathian Atheism, to have been at least as old as Homer, who made the Ocean (or fluid Matter) the Father of all the Gods.

1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous iii. 154 Lay these things together, and then judge you, whether Materialism disposes Men to believe the Creation of Things.

1717 S. Clarke in G. W. Leibniz & S. Clarke Coll. of Papers 15 The Notion of Materialism and Fate, [which] tends..to exclude Providence and God's Government in reality out of the World.

1731 Present State Republick Lett. 8 455 The same Versions favour Materialism, or the Notion of the Soul's being material and mortal like the Body.

1733 G. Berkeley Theory of Vision §vi. 9 Pantheism, Materialism, Fatalism are nothing but Atheism a little disguised.

1750 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 665 Not that I imagined that..you..would think my Principles any way tending to Materialism.

1758 T. Gray Let. 18 Aug. in Corr. (1971) II. 582 I am as sorry as you seem to be, that our acquaintance harped so much on the subject of materialism.

1815 J. G. Spurzheim Physiognom. Syst. ii. 120 The expression materialism has two different significations. One class of materialists maintain, that there is no Creator; that matter has always existed; and that all phenomena in the world are the effects of matter... Another kind of materialism is taught by those who admit a Creator, but who maintain that man does not consist of two different substances..and that all the phenomena, ordinarily attributed to the soul, result only from the forms and mixture of matter.

1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant Introd. ii. 13 Sensationalism necessitates materialism, for it must explain sensations as impressions made by a material object.

1898 J. R. Illingworth Divine Immanence vi. 137 The mechanical automaton that materialism believes him [sc. man] always to be.

1924 Jrnl. Philos. 21 347 If there is only one [ultimate reality], the conflict between materialism and idealism..disappears, for both become merely aspects of viewing experience.

1972 N. McInnes Western Marxists i. 43 The dogma of materialism, which confounds the naturalist assertion of the mind-independence of things with the arbitrary claim that what is independent of a mind is non-mind, matter.

1996 Economist 20 July 89/3 You will inevitably gravitate to one of the two great poles on the mind-body problem: yea-saying, physics-can-explain-mind materialism and nay-saying, mind-is-special dualism.

2. In extended use.

a. An emphasis on or preference for that which is material, at the expense of spiritual or other values; (now) esp. the tendency to treat material possessions and physical comfort as more important or desirable than spiritual values; a way of life based on material interests.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > worldliness

worldlishipa1425

worldliness?c1430

worldlihoodc1443

propriety?1504

earthiness1597

worldly-mindedness1621

mundanity1647

terrenity1649

mundaneness1727

materialism1771

the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [noun] > materialism or devotion to material things

corporealism1678

materialism1851

sensualism1878

1771 H. Mackenzie Man of Feeling xiii. 22 Her conversation..had as much sentiment in it as would have puzzled a Turk, upon his principles of female materialism, to have accounted for.

1834 J. Blackie tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust Pref. p. ix An exact transcript of the expression, style, and measure, as well as of the spirit of the original. Indeed these two things..cannot be separated; only we must beware of falling into poetical materialism.

1851 N. Hawthorne Snow-image 14 The stubborn materialism of her husband.

1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 505 Good old customs, which modern selfishness and cold materialism shrink from.

1903 A. Castle & E. Castle Star Dreamer 24 I fear..you will never rise beyond the grossest everyday materialism.

1958 A. Wilson Middle Age of Mrs Eliot iii. 349 The Rogersons..represented too much the materialism of the modern world for Else; only fools put their faith in washing machines, glass and steel.

1997 E. White Farewell Symphony (1998) i. 29 I've..felt a clandestine urge to own land and a house but dismissed the longing as old-fashioned materialism.

b. Theology (depreciative). Excessive emphasis on the material aspects of the sacraments, at the expense of the spiritual aspects.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > unspirituality > [noun]

secularity1395

sieclec1400

worldlishipa1425

worldliness?c1430

worldlihoodc1443

mundanity1506

secularness?1529

carnality1548

carnalness1549

earthliness1549

rudiments of the world1557

Sadduceeism1577

Sadducism1581

earthly-mindedness1603

temporalness1611

worldly-mindedness1621

corporality1628

unspiritualness1642

civility1644

corporeity1653

materialism1822

unspirituality1843

secularism1851

terrestrialism1856

temporalism1872

this-worldliness1872

despiritualization1874

this-worldism1883

this-worldness1930

1822 M. Berry Let. 5 Apr. (1865) III. 316 Of all errors.., the only one with which I never could sympathize or forgive..is Materialism... If the immortality of the soul..is an error, so let it remain..to me.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. vii. 103 The miserable materialism of the mass.

1898 J. R. Illingworth Divine Immanence vi. 143 The growth of the sacramental system was an historical necessity; which, despite of the religious materialism into which it too frequently lapsed [etc.].

1948 Speculum 23 416 Mysticism, opposition to the prevalent exaggerated materialism, and scorn of unworthy priests who profane the Sacrament, are major elements in his analysis of the nature of the Eucharist.

c. Art. A tendency to emphasize the physical aspects of objects in painting.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > other movements

chinoiserie1846

fantasticism1846

materialism1850

attitudinarianism1853

Vienna Secession1900

luminarism1903

Viennese Secession1903

luminism1905

Whistlerism1912

Omega Workshop1917

Suprematism1921

neoprimitivism1922

Rayonism1922

Bauhaus1923

linearism1935

precisionism1939

actionism1953

neo-expressionism1957

neo-Dadaism1960

neo-Dada1961

structurism1963

arte povera1969

process art1969

eco-art1970

body art1971

post-minimalism1971

Memphis1981

neo-conceptualism1986

Neo-Geo1986

Norman Rockwellism1988

Stuckism1999

1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 440 I give a sketch from a Spanish picture just to show the materialism of the conception.

1852 A. Jameson Legends Madonna Introd. p. xxxiv The grand materialism of Michael Angelo is supposed to have been allied to the genius of Dante.

1960 Times 14 Oct. 18/3 Matthew Smith's art, so much..in tune with the traditional, yea-saying materialism of French painting.

1988 Mod. Painters Autumn 42/2 (advt.) This book..offers a critique of Materialism, Functionalism and Modernism.

†3. concrete. The system of material things; the material universe. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > [noun]

kindlOE

worldc1175

framea1325

creaturec1384

universityc1450

engine?1510

universal1569

universality1577

mass1587

universe1589

all1598

cosmosie1600

macrocosm1602

existence1610

system1610

megacosm1617

cosmos1650

materialism1817

world-all1847

panarchy1848

multiverse1895

metaverse1994

1817 T. Chalmers Series Disc. Christian Revel. vii. 231 He, who instead of seeing the traces of a manifold wisdom in its manifold varieties, sees nothing in them all but the exquisite structures and the lofty dimensions of materialism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	materialism
释义	materialismn. Brit. /məˈtɪərɪəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: material adj., -ism suffix. Etymology: < material adj. + -ism suffix, probably after materialist n. Compare German Materialismus (1720, after S. Clarke's use), French matérialisme (1754). Trésor de la Langue Française s.v., following A. Lalande Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie (1938) at matérialisme, gives a date 1702 for French matérialisme in Leibniz Réplique aux réflexions de Bayle (in Leibnitii Opera Philosophica ed. J. E. Erdmann (1840) 186/1), but in fact the statement in Lalande is ambiguous, and Leibniz uses not matérialisme but matérialiste. Similarly, the claim that the English word materialism appears in R. Boyle The Excellency and Grounds of the Mechanical Hypothesis (1674), also taken from Lalande Vocabulaire technique et critique de la philosophie (1938), is unfounded: Boyle uses not materialism but materialist. 1. Philosophy. The theory or belief that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications; (more narrowly) the theory or belief that mental phenomena are nothing more than, or are wholly caused by, the operation of material or physical agencies.dialectical materialism: see dialectical adj. 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > materialism > [noun] corporealism1678 materialism1678 somatisma1731 hypophysicsa1834 dialectics1887 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 102 Plato and others concluded this Materialism or Hylopathian Atheism, to have been at least as old as Homer, who made the Ocean (or fluid Matter) the Father of all the Gods. 1713 G. Berkeley Three Dialogues Hylas & Philonous iii. 154 Lay these things together, and then judge you, whether Materialism disposes Men to believe the Creation of Things. 1717 S. Clarke in G. W. Leibniz & S. Clarke Coll. of Papers 15 The Notion of Materialism and Fate, [which] tends..to exclude Providence and God's Government in reality out of the World. 1731 Present State Republick Lett. 8 455 The same Versions favour Materialism, or the Notion of the Soul's being material and mortal like the Body. 1733 G. Berkeley Theory of Vision §vi. 9 Pantheism, Materialism, Fatalism are nothing but Atheism a little disguised. 1750 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 665 Not that I imagined that..you..would think my Principles any way tending to Materialism. 1758 T. Gray Let. 18 Aug. in Corr. (1971) II. 582 I am as sorry as you seem to be, that our acquaintance harped so much on the subject of materialism. 1815 J. G. Spurzheim Physiognom. Syst. ii. 120 The expression materialism has two different significations. One class of materialists maintain, that there is no Creator; that matter has always existed; and that all phenomena in the world are the effects of matter... Another kind of materialism is taught by those who admit a Creator, but who maintain that man does not consist of two different substances..and that all the phenomena, ordinarily attributed to the soul, result only from the forms and mixture of matter. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant Introd. ii. 13 Sensationalism necessitates materialism, for it must explain sensations as impressions made by a material object. 1898 J. R. Illingworth Divine Immanence vi. 137 The mechanical automaton that materialism believes him [sc. man] always to be. 1924 Jrnl. Philos. 21 347 If there is only one [ultimate reality], the conflict between materialism and idealism..disappears, for both become merely aspects of viewing experience. 1972 N. McInnes Western Marxists i. 43 The dogma of materialism, which confounds the naturalist assertion of the mind-independence of things with the arbitrary claim that what is independent of a mind is non-mind, matter. 1996 Economist 20 July 89/3 You will inevitably gravitate to one of the two great poles on the mind-body problem: yea-saying, physics-can-explain-mind materialism and nay-saying, mind-is-special dualism. 2. In extended use. a. An emphasis on or preference for that which is material, at the expense of spiritual or other values; (now) esp. the tendency to treat material possessions and physical comfort as more important or desirable than spiritual values; a way of life based on material interests. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] > worldliness worldlishipa1425 worldliness?c1430 worldlihoodc1443 propriety?1504 earthiness1597 worldly-mindedness1621 mundanity1647 terrenity1649 mundaneness1727 materialism1771 the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > [noun] > materialism or devotion to material things corporealism1678 materialism1851 sensualism1878 1771 H. Mackenzie Man of Feeling xiii. 22 Her conversation..had as much sentiment in it as would have puzzled a Turk, upon his principles of female materialism, to have accounted for. 1834 J. Blackie tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust Pref. p. ix An exact transcript of the expression, style, and measure, as well as of the spirit of the original. Indeed these two things..cannot be separated; only we must beware of falling into poetical materialism. 1851 N. Hawthorne Snow-image 14 The stubborn materialism of her husband. 1857 J. Toulmin Smith Parish (new ed.) 505 Good old customs, which modern selfishness and cold materialism shrink from. 1903 A. Castle & E. Castle Star Dreamer 24 I fear..you will never rise beyond the grossest everyday materialism. 1958 A. Wilson Middle Age of Mrs Eliot iii. 349 The Rogersons..represented too much the materialism of the modern world for Else; only fools put their faith in washing machines, glass and steel. 1997 E. White Farewell Symphony (1998) i. 29 I've..felt a clandestine urge to own land and a house but dismissed the longing as old-fashioned materialism. b. Theology (depreciative). Excessive emphasis on the material aspects of the sacraments, at the expense of the spiritual aspects. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > unspirituality > [noun] secularity1395 sieclec1400 worldlishipa1425 worldliness?c1430 worldlihoodc1443 mundanity1506 secularness?1529 carnality1548 carnalness1549 earthliness1549 rudiments of the world1557 Sadduceeism1577 Sadducism1581 earthly-mindedness1603 temporalness1611 worldly-mindedness1621 corporality1628 unspiritualness1642 civility1644 corporeity1653 materialism1822 unspirituality1843 secularism1851 terrestrialism1856 temporalism1872 this-worldliness1872 despiritualization1874 this-worldism1883 this-worldness1930 1822 M. Berry Let. 5 Apr. (1865) III. 316 Of all errors.., the only one with which I never could sympathize or forgive..is Materialism... If the immortality of the soul..is an error, so let it remain..to me. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1857) 3rd Ser. vii. 103 The miserable materialism of the mass. 1898 J. R. Illingworth Divine Immanence vi. 143 The growth of the sacramental system was an historical necessity; which, despite of the religious materialism into which it too frequently lapsed [etc.]. 1948 Speculum 23 416 Mysticism, opposition to the prevalent exaggerated materialism, and scorn of unworthy priests who profane the Sacrament, are major elements in his analysis of the nature of the Eucharist. c. Art. A tendency to emphasize the physical aspects of objects in painting. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > period, movement, or school of art > late 19th and 20th centuries > [noun] > other movements chinoiserie1846 fantasticism1846 materialism1850 attitudinarianism1853 Vienna Secession1900 luminarism1903 Viennese Secession1903 luminism1905 Whistlerism1912 Omega Workshop1917 Suprematism1921 neoprimitivism1922 Rayonism1922 Bauhaus1923 linearism1935 precisionism1939 actionism1953 neo-expressionism1957 neo-Dadaism1960 neo-Dada1961 structurism1963 arte povera1969 process art1969 eco-art1970 body art1971 post-minimalism1971 Memphis1981 neo-conceptualism1986 Neo-Geo1986 Norman Rockwellism1988 Stuckism1999 1850 A. Jameson Legends Monastic Orders 440 I give a sketch from a Spanish picture just to show the materialism of the conception. 1852 A. Jameson Legends Madonna Introd. p. xxxiv The grand materialism of Michael Angelo is supposed to have been allied to the genius of Dante. 1960 Times 14 Oct. 18/3 Matthew Smith's art, so much..in tune with the traditional, yea-saying materialism of French painting. 1988 Mod. Painters Autumn 42/2 (advt.) This book..offers a critique of Materialism, Functionalism and Modernism. †3. concrete. The system of material things; the material universe. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > [noun] kindlOE worldc1175 framea1325 creaturec1384 universityc1450 engine?1510 universal1569 universality1577 mass1587 universe1589 all1598 cosmosie1600 macrocosm1602 existence1610 system1610 megacosm1617 cosmos1650 materialism1817 world-all1847 panarchy1848 multiverse1895 metaverse1994 1817 T. Chalmers Series Disc. Christian Revel. vii. 231 He, who instead of seeing the traces of a manifold wisdom in its manifold varieties, sees nothing in them all but the exquisite structures and the lofty dimensions of materialism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1678
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