manuren.

Brit.

/məˈnjʊə/,

/məˈnjɔː/, U.S.

/məˈn(j)ʊ(ə)r/

Forms: 1500s manoure, 1500s maynor, 1500s maynure, 1500s menar, 1500s menor, 1500s menore, 1500s meynor, 1500s–1600s maner, 1500s–1600s meanor, 1500s–1600s meanour, 1500s– manure, 1600s mainure, 1600s manier, 1600s manner, 1600s mayner, 1600s meanure, 1600s menure; English regional 1700s maner, 1700s– mannor, 1800s– mainer, 1800s– manna, 1800s– manner, 1800s– mannur, 1800s– manor, 1800s– manuer; Scottish pre-1700 manar, pre-1700 maner, pre-1700 mannor, pre-1700 mannour, pre-1700 mannur, pre-1700 manuire, pre-1700 1700s– manure, 1700s manour, 1900s– mainer; U.S. regional (southern) 1800s– manyo.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: manure v.

Etymology: < manure v. Compare post-classical Latin manura manual labour, tillage (1483 in a British source), and manoeuvre n.¹With sense 2 compare the Scots compound half-manure (recorded from 1546–7: see Dict. Older Sc. Tongue III. 959/2), used to refer to a system of letting land for cultivation peculiar to Galloway. Stress on the first syllable in standard English is implied by many of the earlier spellings (e.g. manner ) and evidenced by the metre of quot. 1785 at sense 1a; many orthoepists between 1644 and 1700 liken manure to manner (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §282). This stress pattern remains quite common in regional speech in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland: compare the variant mannering s.v. manuring n. and the forms /manəkaːt/ ‘manure-cart’ and /manəliːdɪn/ ‘manure-leading’ recorded from Lincolnshire in H. Orton and P. M. Tilling Surv. Eng. Dial. (1969) III. i. 140, 167, and see Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. manner sb.² and Sc. National Dict. s.v. manner v.¹, n. Stress on the second syllable, perhaps after mature adj., is evidenced by metre as early as quot. 1697 at sense 1a. A pronunciation of the first syllable with Middle English ā and its later reflexes is implied by the early modern English forms with ea and ay and survived in the regional speech of Roxburghshire until the first half of the 20th cent. as /ˈmenər/ (see G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. (1923) at mainer sb.).

a. Dung, excrement, or compost, esp. as spread over or mixed with soil to fertilize it.See also horse manure n. at horse n. Compounds 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > fertilizer or manure

fatnessc1420

amendment1483

manure1532

manuring1577

battling1600

dressing1600

worth1609

sucken1615

folding1626

fertilizera1661

sumen1662

recuperativec1679

field dressing1743

top-dressing1744

sweetener1765

settera1793

mendment1798

side dressing1819

substratum1822

manurer1829

liquid manure1837

soil amendment1915

side dress1920

Growmore1944

soil conditioner1952

1532 C. Burton Will in J. C. Byrne Curios. of Search-room (1880) (modernized text) vi. 121 That on the following morning it [sc. the testator's body] shall be placed on a waggon, such as those used for carting manure, and borne to my chapel at Fay.

1538 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories (1977) 20 20 lode menor.

1549 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 410 The seyde College dothe..laye ther mucke and meanor..apon the foreseyde common grene.

1579 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 190 Wee present Jhon Broune (ijd.) for layinge menar in they strett.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. v. i. 59 Tho many a lode of Marle and Manure led, Reuiu'd his barren leas, that earst lay dead.

1651 in Court Leet Rec. Manch. (1887) IV. 53 Thomas Millington hath made a trespas vpon M^ris Hallywell by laieinge manier..vnto her freehold in St. Mariegate.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 10 To barren ground with toyle large meanour add.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 85 In depth of Earth secure Thy cover'd Plants, and dung with hot Manure .

1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 3 The best manure for meadows is the bottom of hay-mows and hay-stacks.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 517 The warm and genial earth that hides The smoking manure, and o'erspreads it all.

1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 56/2 The runners are to be planted out in beds of rich manure.

1904 T. W. Sanders Roses & their Cultivation 70 It is of no use applying manure that has been allowed to decay naturally, because nearly all the essential salts have been washed out or evaporated.

1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1248/2 Manures may be classified into Organic Manures which are substances of animal or vegetable origin, and Inorganic Manures which are of mineral origin.

1974 J. Gardner Nickel Mountain vi. i. 216 He'd step gingerly, behind the cows, worrying about getting manure on his pointed black shoes—good honest shit, her father called it.

1997 Chem. Engin. Jrnl. 66 65 Piggery manure..was treated by ion exchange for ammonia removal.

b. A chemical or treated fertilizer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > chemical fertilizer > specific

manure1744

plaster of Paris1787

superphosphate1843

nitrate1846

super1891

Nitragin1896

complete fertilizer1904

nitrolime1908

Nitrochalk1927

Sequestrene1949

Krilium1952

1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Mar. i. 7 The Top-dressing of a powdered Manure is far more preferable on this Account to the Top-dressing of Dung.

?1794 R. Kirwan in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 5 Science 137 The substances principally used as manures, are chalk, lime..gypsum, [etc.].

1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) ii. ii. 243 Saline and calcareous substances form the principal fossil manures.

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 164/2 Yard manure, as distinguished from guano and artificial manures.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 666 James W. Mackey..agent for chemical manures.

1988 Garden News 3 Sept. 20/4 (advt.) 100% natural organic concentrated manure.

†2. The action of tilling land; cultivation. Obsolete.In quot. 1833 in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun]

earth-tilthOE

earth-tillingOE

tilling?c1225

delving1377

laboura1393

land-tillingc1420

culturec1450

tilthing1495

labouring1523

manurea1547

manuring1550

digging1552

cultivation1553

tilth1565

manurance1572

agriculture1583

nithering1599

culturation1606

gainor1607

delvage1610

agricolation1623

gainage1625

cultivage1632

manurementa1639

groundwork1655

fieldwork1656

proscission1656

field labour1661

manuragea1670

subduing1776

management1799

subjugation1800

geopony1808

clodhopping1847

agriculturism1885

a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Biv A..woman..To whom we gaue the stronde for to manure [L. arandum].

1562 Rec. Dumfries Burgh Court in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue f. 51^v, (at cited word) To decist & ceis fra all occupatione & manar of ane yard on the vest park of Raffell Dowb.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 154 As to the manure of it, some sow but two bushels on the Statute Acre.

1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 277 The Toil, Tillage and Manure of the Husbandman..must have been in the Primitive state very facile.

1731 J. Trapp tr. Virgil Georgicks ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 145 In thy Manure, That Ground Thou wilt experience for the Herds Most apt; and patient of the crooked Share.

1833 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) II. 355 Hot-housing and the manure of Mammon.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

manure-dealer n.

ΚΠ

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 648 The profits of the manure-dealer must be much greater than those of the farmer.

manure heap n.

ΚΠ

1631 G. Markham Farewell to Husbandry (ed. 3) xiii. 67 This earth must be layde plentifully vpon the ground in meanure heapes.

1841 T. W. Harris Rep. Insects Massachusetts 28 There is a grub..which is frequently found under old manure heaps, and is commonly called muck-worm.

1986 Bucks. Herald 20 Nov. 1 Anybody who makes trouble in a local pub is messing it for themselves. You never make a manure heap in your own backyard.

manure hill n.

ΚΠ

1835 C. Howard Gen. View Agric. E. Riding Yorks. 27 in Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) (1840) III The manure-hill should be made in a compact form, and banked up square.

1984 D. Unger Leaving Land (1985) 14 They trudged over the snowcrust dragging wooden sled to the manure hill by the corral.

manure pile n.

ΚΠ

1848 Commerc. Rev. South & West Jan. 82 The next spring..I open the corn-ridge, and without other ploughing, place my seed cane immediately over a now thoroughly rotted manure pile.

1945 K. Burke Let. 25 Nov. in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 272 I jumped from a height to a manure pile that happened to be frozen, so that my feet shot from beneath me.

1996 N.Y. Times Mag. 11 Feb. 43/3 (heading) Pigeon fever...strains have been found on eucalyptus leaves, manure piles, construction materials and..soil mixed with pigeon droppings.

† manure-plough n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1766 Museum Rusticum 6 32 The five-coultered, or..manure-plough.

manure water n.

ΚΠ

1851 Birmingham & Midland Gardeners' Mag. Dec. 237 A little clear manure-water will benefit them [sc. chrysanthemums] much during the blooming season.

1865 Florist's Jrnl. 10 Water them freely with manure water, made with decayed sheep's dung.

1882 Garden 25 Feb. 135/3 Use manure water freely..to all [ferns] that are under-potted.

C2.

manure distributor n. now rare (perh. Obsolete) = manure-spreader n.

ΚΠ

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 796 The motion of the manure-distributor is conveyed by small spur-wheels.

1853 Catal. Royal Agric. Soc. Show 76 The best broadcast manure distributor exhibited.

1890 Cent. Dict. Manure distributor, an agricultural machine for spreading a layer of manure evenly over the ground.

1996 D. Kynoch Doric Dict. 9/2 Bone davie (davy), horse-drawn manure distributor, spreading fertiliser including bone-meal.

manure-spreader n. a cart, piece of farm machinery, etc., used to spread manure on a field.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > muck-spreader

manure distributor1844

manure-spreadera1884

muck-spreader1946

rotaspreader1962

a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 580/2 Manure Spreader, a cart having a bed of traveling slats..to distribute the load while the vehicle is moving over the surface of the ground.

1915 J. London Let. 26 Jan. (1966) 445 My plan still holds of using litter-carriers to dump manure..into..waiting manure-spreaders.

1969 K. M. Wells Owl Pen Reader i. 46 The uphill clatter of Farmer Jim's manure-spreader as he drove it over the stubbles.

1984 T. McGuane Something to be Desired iii. 30 A cat was curved over the wheel of the manure-spreader, staring for mice in the shadows under the box.

manure worm n. the brandling, Eisenia fetida, which is found in dung and compost heaps throughout most of the Palaearctic region.

ΚΠ

1913 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 10 270 By means of a T-shaped maze constructed from plate glass, specimens of the manure worm, Allolobophora fœtida, were tested.

1941 Nature Mag. 34 137 Redworm..may be a common, easily-recognized species known also as a manure worm.

1949 T. J. Barrett Harnessing Earthworm i. 8 The brandling or manure worm..is a small, very active, very prolific worm... Its favourite habitat is manure piles and compost heaps.

1985 R. W. Sims & B. M. Gerard Earthworms 82 Known as brandling, brindling, bramlin, bramble worm, manure worm and tiger worm (North America).

1990 Garbage Nov. 29/2 Each of the five compost demonstration sites models a bin that's filled with thousands of manure worms which can easily handle the eight pounds of scraps typically produced by two adults each week.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

manurev.

Brit.

/məˈnjʊə/,

/məˈnjɔː/, U.S.

/məˈn(j)ʊ(ə)r/

Forms: late Middle English maneur, late Middle English manour, late Middle English manur, late Middle English manwr, late Middle English maynner, late Middle English maynor, late Middle English maynour, late Middle English maynoure, late Middle English maynoyre, late Middle English maynure, late Middle English maynvr, late Middle English menure, late Middle English meynover, late Middle English 1600s mannure, 1500s manar, 1500s maner, 1500s manner, 1500s mannur, 1500s manor, 1500s– manure, 1800s– manner (English regional and Irish English (northern)), 1800s– manor (English regional); Scottish pre-1700 mainure, pre-1700 maneur, pre-1700 mannure, pre-1700 mannvir, pre-1700 manour, pre-1700 manuir, pre-1700 manuire, pre-1700 manur, pre-1700 manuyr, pre-1700 manvir, pre-1700 manwr, pre-1700 manyr, pre-1700 maynowr, pre-1700 maynur, pre-1700 menur, pre-1700 mynvr, pre-1700 1700s– mainer, pre-1700 1700s– mannor, pre-1700 1700s– manure, 1800s– manor, 1900s– manner, 1900s– mannir.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French mainoverer, manouvrer.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mainoverer, manovrer and Middle French manouvrer to work or till land (1283 in Old French) < post-classical Latin manu operari to perform manual labour as a feudal service (800 in a Carolingian document) < classical Latin manū , ablative singular of manus hand (see manus n.¹) + operārī to work (see operate v.). Compare post-classical Latin manurare to till, cultivate (from 1504 in British sources). Compare manoeuvre v.The form of the English word probably shows assimilation to -ure suffix¹; compare the earlier Law French forms in -ur- s.vv. manurable adj. and manurance n., and also post-classical Latin manuracio manual work (from 1376 in British sources) and menura mainour (c1362 in a British source). Among other related senses of Old French, Middle French manouvrer compare ‘to place with the hand’ (c1100 as manuvrer ; compare sense 3b), ‘to hold, occupy, have tenure of’ (1263 as menovrer ; compare sense 2a), ‘to cut wood in the forest in such a way as it can be transported’ (1318 as mannouvrer ; compare sense 3a), ‘to administer’ (1362 as manowrer ; compare sense 2a). The sense ‘to manoeuvre a ship’ (sense 4) is evidenced earlier than the corresponding French sense (see manoeuvre v.). For the history of the word's pronunciation see discussion s.v. manure n.

a. transitive. To till or cultivate (land). Formerly also figurative. Now regional (chiefly Scottish and Irish English (northern)).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivate or till [verb (transitive)]

begoc890

workOE

tillc1200

exercise1382

dightc1400

labourc1400

manure1416

cultive?1483

tilth1496

culture1510

trim1517

dress1526

subdue1535

toil1552

use1558

farm1570

cultivate1588

tame1601

husbandize1625

culturate1631

to take in1845

1416 in G. Hadley New & Compl. Hist. Kingston-upon-Hull (1788) 746 Yay to manour or gar to set and sow ye same gardyn by yair byst avyse.

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2507 A mede..Mawen and vnmade, maynoyrede bott lyttyll.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. v. 72 Ȝone woman..quham to we For to manure gave the strand of the sea [L. cui litus arandum..dedimus].

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xiv. f. 94^v The word of God..if it light vpon a soule manured with the hande of the heauenly Spirite, it will be moste fruitefull.

1592 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 214 To my mother..ij ackers of medow..and all her land to be mannered.

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 173 He manureth his owne fields with his owne slaues and cattell.

1645 Z. Boyd Holy Songs 442 Manure thy heart with diligence, and in it sow good seed.

1671 tr. R. Fréjus Relation Voy. Mauritania 28 We saw all the Countrey manured and green.

1700 J. Astry tr. D. de Saavedra Fajardo Royal Politician II. 148 A barren Sand, not capable of being manur'd by either Spade or Plow.

1741 Lady Pomfret Corr. (1805) III. 250 A beautiful vale, inhabited, manured, and planted.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 161 He is at the trouble neither of manuring his grounds, nor bringing in his harvests.

1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 66 It's hard to manner that ground.

1883 E. Channing Town & County Govt. Eng. Colonies N. Amer. (1884) 12 To this [parish] meeting all those who had benefit of the things there transacted might come; that is to say, all householders, and all who manured land within the parish.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 216/2 Manure, manner, till (land); dig (the garden).

†b. transitive. To cultivate, train, rear (a plant). Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)]

tilla1325

raisec1384

uprearc1400

nourisha1500

cherish1519

dig1526

dress1526

govern1532

manure?c1550

rear1581

nurse1594

tame1601

crop1607

cultive1614

cultivate1622

ingentle1622

tend1631

make1714

peck1728

grow1774

farm1793

culture1809

side-dress1888

double-crop1956

produce2006

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. i. 10 Those Scotts which inhabit the southe, beinge farre the beste parte, are well manured.

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xi. 174 Thou seest..in all folkes a regard to the mayntenaunce of the things which they haue either made or manured.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 10 Thay manure Justice [L. iustitiam colunt].

1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 9 O Father..manure our worke without, and prepare our mindes within.

1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 126 The wilde or voluntary Strawberies..are not so good as those that are manured in gardens.

a1627 W. Fowler tr. Petrarch Triumphs in Wks. (1914) I. 113 The plant That now soe will manwred is, and dois hir fruit now want.

1632 T. Hawkins tr. P. Matthieu Vnhappy Prosperitie 259 Omitting nothing in the sollicitous care of exact education, by manuring her as a plant.

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xi. 59 Who like a nut-tree must be manured by beating.

1641 J. Milton Animadversions 50 It is..his own painfull study..that manures and improves his ministeriall gifts.

1650 A. Bradstreet Tenth Muse 56 The Gardner..Now digs, then sows, his hearbs, his flowers, and roots, And carefully manures his trees of fruits.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Oost The people who manure hops.

1754 R. Challoner Considerations Christian Truths (rev. ed.) I. 4 To manure you..with his word, his graces, and his sacraments.

1831 Fraser's Mag. 3 406 How generous must be the vegetation of the affections when nutritiously manured by..hospitality!

†2.

a. transitive. To hold, occupy, take charge or possession of (land or property); to have the tenure of; to administer, control, or manage. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of or hold as tenant [verb (transitive)]

manure1423

tenant1635

society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer

steerc888

leadc1175

guyc1330

guidec1374

governa1382

ministera1382

treat1387

administer1395

dispose1398

skift?a1400

warda1400

solicit1429

to deal with1469

handlea1470

execute1483

convoy?a1513

conveyc1515

mayne1520

to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handa1522

keepa1535

administrate1538

solicitate1547

to dispose of1573

manure1583

carry1600

manage1609

negotiate1619

conduct1632

to carry on1638

mesnage1654

nurse1745

work1841

operate1850

run1857

stage-manage1906

ramrod1920

1423 Charter Edinb. Reg. House No. 37 Full power..to labor teill manur & occupy..the landis of West Lochtrysk.

1430–1 Rolls of Parl. IV. 385/2 The saide tenauntz and lond holders dar not inhabite, maynour, nor occupye the saide Toun.

1457 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 119 The gud wif sal mannor thir thyngys qwil scho lefis.

a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 837* All þe marche of massydon he manours clene.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) iii. f. 148^v They cannot manner their children well, vnlesse they haue a rod in their hand.

1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum i. xxiv. 33 To speake of the common wealth..of Englande, it is gouerned, administred & manured by three sortes of persons.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 208 To the Britanis delyuering it [sc. the kingdom] to manure and inhabite [L. Britannisque incolendum tradidit].

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 17 That which is manually occupied, manured and possessed.

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 60 Christ only told us that from the beginning it was not so; that is to say, not so as the Pharises manur'd the busines.

b. intransitive. To dwell, have one's home. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 16 Not marveilinge that he founde noe inhabitante manuringe in that uninhabitable desarte.

c. transitive. To inhabit (a place). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (transitive)]

wonOE

erdeOE

inwonea1300

inhabitc1374

indwell1382

occupya1387

biga1400

endwellc1420

possessc1450

purprise1481

people1490

dwell1520

accompany?c1525

replenishc1540

populate1578

habit1580

inhabitate1600

tenant1635

improvec1650

manure1698

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 67 Beyond it is Parell..to which appertains Siam, manured by Columbeens, Husbandmen.

†a. transitive. To take (goods) in hand; to prepare (goods) for transport or disposal. Also intransitive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > [verb (transitive)] > deal with or treat > in a specific manner

ateec1000

makec1175

servec1300

manure1431

entertain1662

1431 in T. Madox Formulare Anglicanum (1702) 331 John has selled..alle the Underwodde growyng within..Brathwaite..to hewe, kutte downe, occupie, brynne, and maynoure, and lede away.

c1440 Chancery Petitions (Publ. Rec. Office) Ser. CP1 File 12 No. 202 Michel Carlyen of Carlyen, husbondman..hys tynwerk entryd, brake & maynvryd, & hys tyn yn the said toun of carbonne toke.

1450–4 in W. T. Barbour Hist. Contract in Early Eng. Equity (1914) App. 199 The forseid Roger all the forsaid Stockfissh and Saltfisshe hath manured, occupied, and putte unto sale.

b. transitive. To work on with the hands; to handle; to work up; to prepare (raw material). Now Irish English (northern): to prepare (flax) for scutching.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > perform practical operations upon

workeOE

manurea1450

handle1483

subact1614

a1450 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 66 Item, that..we hafe maynured whatkyn chafyr so ever it be.

?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 50 Horn..being neyther so churlish in weyght az iz mettall: nor so froward and bryttl too manure, az stone.

1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 66 Flax is passed through rollers to manner it for the scutchers.

†4. transitive. To manoeuvre (a ship). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)]

governa1387

sail1566

manure1569

manage1600

carry1613

navigate1652

work1667

skipper1883

1569 Sir J. Hawkins Voy. Guynea (ad fin.) We were scantlye able to manure oure ship.

a. transitive. To enrich (land) with manure; to apply manure to; to supply with fertilizing material. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)]

gooda1525

marl1528

plentify1555

fat1562

fatten1563

season1563

heart1573

manure1577

soil1593

hearten1594

remanure1598

enrich1601

teasel1610

battle1611

batten1612

bedung1649

sweeten1733

top-dress1733

top1856

side-dress1888

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry 28^v Barley..is best sowed, where the grounde is most manured [L. optime seritur solo stercorato].

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 63 Retailing theyr dung to manure landes.

1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A4^v Onely to scrape A heap of muck, to fatten and manure The barren vertues of my progeny.

1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (xiii. 20) iv. 139 Sheep..are in every thing profitable. Their wool and skin for clothing,..their dung for manuring ground.

1681 H. Dodwell Disc. Sanchoniathon's Phœnician Hist. 109 The Slime it brought along with it, manured the Land for Corn.

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 5 Lime also is useful..to Manure Land with.

a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 6 Near Peronne I saw the Peasants manure the land.

1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. III. 165 The neighbouring farmers made them [sc. herrings] up into composts, and manured their ground with them.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xiv. 276 My Spring is gone..but it has left me that French floweret on my hands, which..I would fain be rid of..having found that it was of a sort which nothing but gold dust could manure.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 571 The land was inclosed, drained, and manured.

1908 W. G. Collingwood Scand. Brit. 193 He made his bær..or homefield, which he manured and mowed for hay.

1945 Pacific Affairs 18 140 Natural phosphates are extracted in great quantities from the soil in Tongking and Cambodia and can be used as they are to manure the fields.

1990 J. Burchill Sex & Sensibility (1992) 123 The germs first introduced by Method went mainstream, and manured by pop psychology and free expression, actors began to perceive their game-playing as more real than real life.

†b. transitive. To spread or spill like manure. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. C2 So many valiant Bassowes slaine, Whose bloud hath bin manured to their earth.

c. transitive. Chiefly literary. Used hyperbolically of human remains, blood, etc., esp. on a battlefield: to fertilize (the soil). Also in figurative context.

ΚΠ

a1594 Edmond Ironside (1991) v. ii. 119 This little Ile Whose soyle is manured with Carkasses.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 128 The bloud of English shall manure the ground.

1658 G. Swinhoe Unhappy Fair Irene 17 Your neglected Bands Are a prepared Banquet For the Birds of prey, And with their mangled Corps Manure the Hungarian fields.

1713 J. Addison Cato ii. i The Corps of half her Senate Manure the Fields of Thessaly.

1746 T. Blacklock Poems Several Occasions 50 For this, thy bravest sons, subdu'd, Manure their natal soil with slain: For this, thy rivers..Flow crimson to the frighted main.

1814 Ld. Byron Let. 22 Jan. (1975) IV. 37 He has my best wishes to manure the fields of France with an invading army.

1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 213 Under a high state of cultivation, being manured with the hearts and brains of men.

1933 D. Thomas Let. 11 Nov. (1985) 55 Your bones and mine shall manure an empty island set in a waste sea.

1987 A. Brien Lenin ii. 60 The blood of the martyrs manures the seed of the Revolution.

d. intransitive. To apply manure or fertilizer. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

c1665 in Econ. Hist. Rev. (1932) 4 32 We manure once in three or ffour yeares, but Lime once in Sixe or Seaven yeares.

1699 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 9) 24 Continue to dig, and manure, if Weather permit.

1787 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Apr. in Papers (1955) XI. 284 The leases are either during pleasure, or for three, six, or nine years, which does not give the farmer time to repay himself for the expensive operation of well manuring, and therefore, he manures ill, or not at all.

1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists ii. 97 He had not worked crop after crop from his brain, manuring hastily, subsoiling indifferently.

1888 10th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1887–8 26 Manure according to your land.

1988 Gardening from Which? Dec. 413/1 Manure where you intend to grow peas, beans, onions and lettuce.

e. transitive. Of livestock and animals generally: to fertilize the soil with dung or urine.

ΚΠ

a1742 T. Story Jrnl. of Life (1747) 190 They..had the Flock folded on their Lands, at a certain Price each Night, thereby to manure them.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 33 Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plough, or such as manure the ground.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Cattle are shut up during night, to manure the ground with their dung.

1865 F. M. Nichols tr. Britton II. 373 His right of faldage, i.e. to have the tenant's sheep to manure his land.

1956 Jrnl. Ecol. 44 52 In the deserted puffin colonies of the mammal-free island of Grassholm, it is possible to study a vegetation which has been trampled on, burrowed in and manured, but not grazed.

1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 67/2 Stinging nettles' natural habitat is..amongst the lush herbage of silt-rich river valleys and woodland glades manured by feeding animals.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	manure
释义	manuren. Brit. /məˈnjʊə/, /məˈnjɔː/, U.S. /məˈn(j)ʊ(ə)r/ Forms: 1500s manoure, 1500s maynor, 1500s maynure, 1500s menar, 1500s menor, 1500s menore, 1500s meynor, 1500s–1600s maner, 1500s–1600s meanor, 1500s–1600s meanour, 1500s– manure, 1600s mainure, 1600s manier, 1600s manner, 1600s mayner, 1600s meanure, 1600s menure; English regional 1700s maner, 1700s– mannor, 1800s– mainer, 1800s– manna, 1800s– manner, 1800s– mannur, 1800s– manor, 1800s– manuer; Scottish pre-1700 manar, pre-1700 maner, pre-1700 mannor, pre-1700 mannour, pre-1700 mannur, pre-1700 manuire, pre-1700 1700s– manure, 1700s manour, 1900s– mainer; U.S. regional (southern) 1800s– manyo. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: manure v. Etymology: < manure v. Compare post-classical Latin manura manual labour, tillage (1483 in a British source), and manoeuvre n.¹With sense 2 compare the Scots compound half-manure (recorded from 1546–7: see Dict. Older Sc. Tongue III. 959/2), used to refer to a system of letting land for cultivation peculiar to Galloway. Stress on the first syllable in standard English is implied by many of the earlier spellings (e.g. manner ) and evidenced by the metre of quot. 1785 at sense 1a; many orthoepists between 1644 and 1700 liken manure to manner (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §282). This stress pattern remains quite common in regional speech in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland: compare the variant mannering s.v. manuring n. and the forms /manəkaːt/ ‘manure-cart’ and /manəliːdɪn/ ‘manure-leading’ recorded from Lincolnshire in H. Orton and P. M. Tilling Surv. Eng. Dial. (1969) III. i. 140, 167, and see Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. manner sb.² and Sc. National Dict. s.v. manner v.¹, n. Stress on the second syllable, perhaps after mature adj., is evidenced by metre as early as quot. 1697 at sense 1a. A pronunciation of the first syllable with Middle English ā and its later reflexes is implied by the early modern English forms with ea and ay and survived in the regional speech of Roxburghshire until the first half of the 20th cent. as /ˈmenər/ (see G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. (1923) at mainer sb.). 1. a. Dung, excrement, or compost, esp. as spread over or mixed with soil to fertilize it.See also horse manure n. at horse n. Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > fertilizer or manure fatnessc1420 amendment1483 manure1532 manuring1577 battling1600 dressing1600 worth1609 sucken1615 folding1626 fertilizera1661 sumen1662 recuperativec1679 field dressing1743 top-dressing1744 sweetener1765 settera1793 mendment1798 side dressing1819 substratum1822 manurer1829 liquid manure1837 soil amendment1915 side dress1920 Growmore1944 soil conditioner1952 1532 C. Burton Will in J. C. Byrne Curios. of Search-room (1880) (modernized text) vi. 121 That on the following morning it [sc. the testator's body] shall be placed on a waggon, such as those used for carting manure, and borne to my chapel at Fay. 1538 in J. M. Bestall & D. V. Fowkes Chesterfield Wills & Inventories (1977) 20 20 lode menor. 1549 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 410 The seyde College dothe..laye ther mucke and meanor..apon the foreseyde common grene. 1579 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 190 Wee present Jhon Broune (ijd.) for layinge menar in they strett. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. v. i. 59 Tho many a lode of Marle and Manure led, Reuiu'd his barren leas, that earst lay dead. 1651 in Court Leet Rec. Manch. (1887) IV. 53 Thomas Millington hath made a trespas vpon M^ris Hallywell by laieinge manier..vnto her freehold in St. Mariegate. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1679) 10 To barren ground with toyle large meanour add. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 85 In depth of Earth secure Thy cover'd Plants, and dung with hot Manure . View more context for this quotation 1760 R. Brown Compl. Farmer: Pt. 2 3 The best manure for meadows is the bottom of hay-mows and hay-stacks. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 517 The warm and genial earth that hides The smoking manure, and o'erspreads it all. 1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 56/2 The runners are to be planted out in beds of rich manure. 1904 T. W. Sanders Roses & their Cultivation 70 It is of no use applying manure that has been allowed to decay naturally, because nearly all the essential salts have been washed out or evaporated. 1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) III. 1248/2 Manures may be classified into Organic Manures which are substances of animal or vegetable origin, and Inorganic Manures which are of mineral origin. 1974 J. Gardner Nickel Mountain vi. i. 216 He'd step gingerly, behind the cows, worrying about getting manure on his pointed black shoes—good honest shit, her father called it. 1997 Chem. Engin. Jrnl. 66 65 Piggery manure..was treated by ion exchange for ammonia removal. b. A chemical or treated fertilizer. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > chemical fertilizer > specific manure1744 plaster of Paris1787 superphosphate1843 nitrate1846 super1891 Nitragin1896 complete fertilizer1904 nitrolime1908 Nitrochalk1927 Sequestrene1949 Krilium1952 1744 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Mar. i. 7 The Top-dressing of a powdered Manure is far more preferable on this Account to the Top-dressing of Dung. ?1794 R. Kirwan in Trans. Royal Irish Acad. 5 Science 137 The substances principally used as manures, are chalk, lime..gypsum, [etc.]. 1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) ii. ii. 243 Saline and calcareous substances form the principal fossil manures. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. 164/2 Yard manure, as distinguished from guano and artificial manures. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvii. [Ithaca] 666 James W. Mackey..agent for chemical manures. 1988 Garden News 3 Sept. 20/4 (advt.) 100% natural organic concentrated manure. †2. The action of tilling land; cultivation. Obsolete.In quot. 1833 in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > [noun] earth-tilthOE earth-tillingOE tilling?c1225 delving1377 laboura1393 land-tillingc1420 culturec1450 tilthing1495 labouring1523 manurea1547 manuring1550 digging1552 cultivation1553 tilth1565 manurance1572 agriculture1583 nithering1599 culturation1606 gainor1607 delvage1610 agricolation1623 gainage1625 cultivage1632 manurementa1639 groundwork1655 fieldwork1656 proscission1656 field labour1661 manuragea1670 subduing1776 management1799 subjugation1800 geopony1808 clodhopping1847 agriculturism1885 a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Biv A..woman..To whom we gaue the stronde for to manure [L. arandum]. 1562 Rec. Dumfries Burgh Court in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue f. 51^v, (at cited word) To decist & ceis fra all occupatione & manar of ane yard on the vest park of Raffell Dowb. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 154 As to the manure of it, some sow but two bushels on the Statute Acre. 1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 277 The Toil, Tillage and Manure of the Husbandman..must have been in the Primitive state very facile. 1731 J. Trapp tr. Virgil Georgicks ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 145 In thy Manure, That Ground Thou wilt experience for the Herds Most apt; and patient of the crooked Share. 1833 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) II. 355 Hot-housing and the manure of Mammon. Compounds C1. General attributive. manure-dealer n. ΚΠ 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 648 The profits of the manure-dealer must be much greater than those of the farmer. manure heap n. ΚΠ 1631 G. Markham Farewell to Husbandry (ed. 3) xiii. 67 This earth must be layde plentifully vpon the ground in meanure heapes. 1841 T. W. Harris Rep. Insects Massachusetts 28 There is a grub..which is frequently found under old manure heaps, and is commonly called muck-worm. 1986 Bucks. Herald 20 Nov. 1 Anybody who makes trouble in a local pub is messing it for themselves. You never make a manure heap in your own backyard. manure hill n. ΚΠ 1835 C. Howard Gen. View Agric. E. Riding Yorks. 27 in Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) (1840) III The manure-hill should be made in a compact form, and banked up square. 1984 D. Unger Leaving Land (1985) 14 They trudged over the snowcrust dragging wooden sled to the manure hill by the corral. manure pile n. ΚΠ 1848 Commerc. Rev. South & West Jan. 82 The next spring..I open the corn-ridge, and without other ploughing, place my seed cane immediately over a now thoroughly rotted manure pile. 1945 K. Burke Let. 25 Nov. in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 272 I jumped from a height to a manure pile that happened to be frozen, so that my feet shot from beneath me. 1996 N.Y. Times Mag. 11 Feb. 43/3 (heading) Pigeon fever...strains have been found on eucalyptus leaves, manure piles, construction materials and..soil mixed with pigeon droppings. † manure-plough n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1766 Museum Rusticum 6 32 The five-coultered, or..manure-plough. manure water n. ΚΠ 1851 Birmingham & Midland Gardeners' Mag. Dec. 237 A little clear manure-water will benefit them [sc. chrysanthemums] much during the blooming season. 1865 Florist's Jrnl. 10 Water them freely with manure water, made with decayed sheep's dung. 1882 Garden 25 Feb. 135/3 Use manure water freely..to all [ferns] that are under-potted. C2. manure distributor n. now rare (perh. Obsolete) = manure-spreader n. ΚΠ 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm III. 796 The motion of the manure-distributor is conveyed by small spur-wheels. 1853 Catal. Royal Agric. Soc. Show 76 The best broadcast manure distributor exhibited. 1890 Cent. Dict. Manure distributor, an agricultural machine for spreading a layer of manure evenly over the ground. 1996 D. Kynoch Doric Dict. 9/2 Bone davie (davy), horse-drawn manure distributor, spreading fertiliser including bone-meal. manure-spreader n. a cart, piece of farm machinery, etc., used to spread manure on a field. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > [noun] > muck-spreader manure distributor1844 manure-spreadera1884 muck-spreader1946 rotaspreader1962 a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 580/2 Manure Spreader, a cart having a bed of traveling slats..to distribute the load while the vehicle is moving over the surface of the ground. 1915 J. London Let. 26 Jan. (1966) 445 My plan still holds of using litter-carriers to dump manure..into..waiting manure-spreaders. 1969 K. M. Wells Owl Pen Reader i. 46 The uphill clatter of Farmer Jim's manure-spreader as he drove it over the stubbles. 1984 T. McGuane Something to be Desired iii. 30 A cat was curved over the wheel of the manure-spreader, staring for mice in the shadows under the box. manure worm n. the brandling, Eisenia fetida, which is found in dung and compost heaps throughout most of the Palaearctic region. ΚΠ 1913 Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods 10 270 By means of a T-shaped maze constructed from plate glass, specimens of the manure worm, Allolobophora fœtida, were tested. 1941 Nature Mag. 34 137 Redworm..may be a common, easily-recognized species known also as a manure worm. 1949 T. J. Barrett Harnessing Earthworm i. 8 The brandling or manure worm..is a small, very active, very prolific worm... Its favourite habitat is manure piles and compost heaps. 1985 R. W. Sims & B. M. Gerard Earthworms 82 Known as brandling, brindling, bramlin, bramble worm, manure worm and tiger worm (North America). 1990 Garbage Nov. 29/2 Each of the five compost demonstration sites models a bin that's filled with thousands of manure worms which can easily handle the eight pounds of scraps typically produced by two adults each week. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). manurev. Brit. /məˈnjʊə/, /məˈnjɔː/, U.S. /məˈn(j)ʊ(ə)r/ Forms: late Middle English maneur, late Middle English manour, late Middle English manur, late Middle English manwr, late Middle English maynner, late Middle English maynor, late Middle English maynour, late Middle English maynoure, late Middle English maynoyre, late Middle English maynure, late Middle English maynvr, late Middle English menure, late Middle English meynover, late Middle English 1600s mannure, 1500s manar, 1500s maner, 1500s manner, 1500s mannur, 1500s manor, 1500s– manure, 1800s– manner (English regional and Irish English (northern)), 1800s– manor (English regional); Scottish pre-1700 mainure, pre-1700 maneur, pre-1700 mannure, pre-1700 mannvir, pre-1700 manour, pre-1700 manuir, pre-1700 manuire, pre-1700 manur, pre-1700 manuyr, pre-1700 manvir, pre-1700 manwr, pre-1700 manyr, pre-1700 maynowr, pre-1700 maynur, pre-1700 menur, pre-1700 mynvr, pre-1700 1700s– mainer, pre-1700 1700s– mannor, pre-1700 1700s– manure, 1800s– manor, 1900s– manner, 1900s– mannir. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French mainoverer, manouvrer. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mainoverer, manovrer and Middle French manouvrer to work or till land (1283 in Old French) < post-classical Latin manu operari to perform manual labour as a feudal service (800 in a Carolingian document) < classical Latin manū , ablative singular of manus hand (see manus n.¹) + operārī to work (see operate v.). Compare post-classical Latin manurare to till, cultivate (from 1504 in British sources). Compare manoeuvre v.The form of the English word probably shows assimilation to -ure suffix¹; compare the earlier Law French forms in -ur- s.vv. manurable adj. and manurance n., and also post-classical Latin manuracio manual work (from 1376 in British sources) and menura mainour (c1362 in a British source). Among other related senses of Old French, Middle French manouvrer compare ‘to place with the hand’ (c1100 as manuvrer ; compare sense 3b), ‘to hold, occupy, have tenure of’ (1263 as menovrer ; compare sense 2a), ‘to cut wood in the forest in such a way as it can be transported’ (1318 as mannouvrer ; compare sense 3a), ‘to administer’ (1362 as manowrer ; compare sense 2a). The sense ‘to manoeuvre a ship’ (sense 4) is evidenced earlier than the corresponding French sense (see manoeuvre v.). For the history of the word's pronunciation see discussion s.v. manure n. 1. a. transitive. To till or cultivate (land). Formerly also figurative. Now regional (chiefly Scottish and Irish English (northern)). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivate or till [verb (transitive)] begoc890 workOE tillc1200 exercise1382 dightc1400 labourc1400 manure1416 cultive?1483 tilth1496 culture1510 trim1517 dress1526 subdue1535 toil1552 use1558 farm1570 cultivate1588 tame1601 husbandize1625 culturate1631 to take in1845 1416 in G. Hadley New & Compl. Hist. Kingston-upon-Hull (1788) 746 Yay to manour or gar to set and sow ye same gardyn by yair byst avyse. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 2507 A mede..Mawen and vnmade, maynoyrede bott lyttyll. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. v. 72 Ȝone woman..quham to we For to manure gave the strand of the sea [L. cui litus arandum..dedimus]. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xiv. f. 94^v The word of God..if it light vpon a soule manured with the hande of the heauenly Spirite, it will be moste fruitefull. 1592 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 214 To my mother..ij ackers of medow..and all her land to be mannered. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 173 He manureth his owne fields with his owne slaues and cattell. 1645 Z. Boyd Holy Songs 442 Manure thy heart with diligence, and in it sow good seed. 1671 tr. R. Fréjus Relation Voy. Mauritania 28 We saw all the Countrey manured and green. 1700 J. Astry tr. D. de Saavedra Fajardo Royal Politician II. 148 A barren Sand, not capable of being manur'd by either Spade or Plow. 1741 Lady Pomfret Corr. (1805) III. 250 A beautiful vale, inhabited, manured, and planted. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 161 He is at the trouble neither of manuring his grounds, nor bringing in his harvests. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 66 It's hard to manner that ground. 1883 E. Channing Town & County Govt. Eng. Colonies N. Amer. (1884) 12 To this [parish] meeting all those who had benefit of the things there transacted might come; that is to say, all householders, and all who manured land within the parish. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 216/2 Manure, manner, till (land); dig (the garden). †b. transitive. To cultivate, train, rear (a plant). Also figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > cultivate plants or crops [verb (transitive)] tilla1325 raisec1384 uprearc1400 nourisha1500 cherish1519 dig1526 dress1526 govern1532 manure?c1550 rear1581 nurse1594 tame1601 crop1607 cultive1614 cultivate1622 ingentle1622 tend1631 make1714 peck1728 grow1774 farm1793 culture1809 side-dress1888 double-crop1956 produce2006 ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. i. 10 Those Scotts which inhabit the southe, beinge farre the beste parte, are well manured. 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xi. 174 Thou seest..in all folkes a regard to the mayntenaunce of the things which they haue either made or manured. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 10 Thay manure Justice [L. iustitiam colunt]. 1607 J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Spirituall Plough 9 O Father..manure our worke without, and prepare our mindes within. 1620 T. Venner Via Recta vii. 126 The wilde or voluntary Strawberies..are not so good as those that are manured in gardens. a1627 W. Fowler tr. Petrarch Triumphs in Wks. (1914) I. 113 The plant That now soe will manwred is, and dois hir fruit now want. 1632 T. Hawkins tr. P. Matthieu Vnhappy Prosperitie 259 Omitting nothing in the sollicitous care of exact education, by manuring her as a plant. 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre ii. xi. 59 Who like a nut-tree must be manured by beating. 1641 J. Milton Animadversions 50 It is..his own painfull study..that manures and improves his ministeriall gifts. 1650 A. Bradstreet Tenth Muse 56 The Gardner..Now digs, then sows, his hearbs, his flowers, and roots, And carefully manures his trees of fruits. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Oost The people who manure hops. 1754 R. Challoner Considerations Christian Truths (rev. ed.) I. 4 To manure you..with his word, his graces, and his sacraments. 1831 Fraser's Mag. 3 406 How generous must be the vegetation of the affections when nutritiously manured by..hospitality! †2. a. transitive. To hold, occupy, take charge or possession of (land or property); to have the tenure of; to administer, control, or manage. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > have tenure of or hold as tenant [verb (transitive)] manure1423 tenant1635 society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer steerc888 leadc1175 guyc1330 guidec1374 governa1382 ministera1382 treat1387 administer1395 dispose1398 skift?a1400 warda1400 solicit1429 to deal with1469 handlea1470 execute1483 convoy?a1513 conveyc1515 mayne1520 to bear (a person or thing) in (also an, a, on) handa1522 keepa1535 administrate1538 solicitate1547 to dispose of1573 manure1583 carry1600 manage1609 negotiate1619 conduct1632 to carry on1638 mesnage1654 nurse1745 work1841 operate1850 run1857 stage-manage1906 ramrod1920 1423 Charter Edinb. Reg. House No. 37 Full power..to labor teill manur & occupy..the landis of West Lochtrysk. 1430–1 Rolls of Parl. IV. 385/2 The saide tenauntz and lond holders dar not inhabite, maynour, nor occupye the saide Toun. 1457 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 119 The gud wif sal mannor thir thyngys qwil scho lefis. a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) 837* All þe marche of massydon he manours clene. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) iii. f. 148^v They cannot manner their children well, vnlesse they haue a rod in their hand. 1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum i. xxiv. 33 To speake of the common wealth..of Englande, it is gouerned, administred & manured by three sortes of persons. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 208 To the Britanis delyuering it [sc. the kingdom] to manure and inhabite [L. Britannisque incolendum tradidit]. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 17 That which is manually occupied, manured and possessed. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 60 Christ only told us that from the beginning it was not so; that is to say, not so as the Pharises manur'd the busines. b. intransitive. To dwell, have one's home. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ c1595 Capt. Wyatt in G. F. Warner Voy. R. Dudley to W. Indies (1899) 16 Not marveilinge that he founde noe inhabitante manuringe in that uninhabitable desarte. c. transitive. To inhabit (a place). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (transitive)] wonOE erdeOE inwonea1300 inhabitc1374 indwell1382 occupya1387 biga1400 endwellc1420 possessc1450 purprise1481 people1490 dwell1520 accompany?c1525 replenishc1540 populate1578 habit1580 inhabitate1600 tenant1635 improvec1650 manure1698 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 67 Beyond it is Parell..to which appertains Siam, manured by Columbeens, Husbandmen. 3. †a. transitive. To take (goods) in hand; to prepare (goods) for transport or disposal. Also intransitive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [verb (transitive)] > deal with or treat > in a specific manner ateec1000 makec1175 servec1300 manure1431 entertain1662 1431 in T. Madox Formulare Anglicanum (1702) 331 John has selled..alle the Underwodde growyng within..Brathwaite..to hewe, kutte downe, occupie, brynne, and maynoure, and lede away. c1440 Chancery Petitions (Publ. Rec. Office) Ser. CP1 File 12 No. 202 Michel Carlyen of Carlyen, husbondman..hys tynwerk entryd, brake & maynvryd, & hys tyn yn the said toun of carbonne toke. 1450–4 in W. T. Barbour Hist. Contract in Early Eng. Equity (1914) App. 199 The forseid Roger all the forsaid Stockfissh and Saltfisshe hath manured, occupied, and putte unto sale. b. transitive. To work on with the hands; to handle; to work up; to prepare (raw material). Now Irish English (northern): to prepare (flax) for scutching. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)] > perform practical operations upon workeOE manurea1450 handle1483 subact1614 a1450 in M. Sellers York Memorandum Bk. (1912) I. 66 Item, that..we hafe maynured whatkyn chafyr so ever it be. ?1578 W. Patten Let. Entertainm. Killingwoorth 50 Horn..being neyther so churlish in weyght az iz mettall: nor so froward and bryttl too manure, az stone. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 66 Flax is passed through rollers to manner it for the scutchers. †4. transitive. To manoeuvre (a ship). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] governa1387 sail1566 manure1569 manage1600 carry1613 navigate1652 work1667 skipper1883 1569 Sir J. Hawkins Voy. Guynea (ad fin.) We were scantlye able to manure oure ship. 5. a. transitive. To enrich (land) with manure; to apply manure to; to supply with fertilizing material. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > fertilize or manure [verb (transitive)] gooda1525 marl1528 plentify1555 fat1562 fatten1563 season1563 heart1573 manure1577 soil1593 hearten1594 remanure1598 enrich1601 teasel1610 battle1611 batten1612 bedung1649 sweeten1733 top-dress1733 top1856 side-dress1888 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry 28^v Barley..is best sowed, where the grounde is most manured [L. optime seritur solo stercorato]. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 63 Retailing theyr dung to manure landes. 1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. i. sig. A4^v Onely to scrape A heap of muck, to fatten and manure The barren vertues of my progeny. 1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (xiii. 20) iv. 139 Sheep..are in every thing profitable. Their wool and skin for clothing,..their dung for manuring ground. 1681 H. Dodwell Disc. Sanchoniathon's Phœnician Hist. 109 The Slime it brought along with it, manured the Land for Corn. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 5 Lime also is useful..to Manure Land with. a1798 T. Pennant Tour on Continent (1948) 6 Near Peronne I saw the Peasants manure the land. 1803 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. III. 165 The neighbouring farmers made them [sc. herrings] up into composts, and manured their ground with them. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xiv. 276 My Spring is gone..but it has left me that French floweret on my hands, which..I would fain be rid of..having found that it was of a sort which nothing but gold dust could manure. a1862 H. T. Buckle Misc. Wks. (1872) I. 571 The land was inclosed, drained, and manured. 1908 W. G. Collingwood Scand. Brit. 193 He made his bær..or homefield, which he manured and mowed for hay. 1945 Pacific Affairs 18 140 Natural phosphates are extracted in great quantities from the soil in Tongking and Cambodia and can be used as they are to manure the fields. 1990 J. Burchill Sex & Sensibility (1992) 123 The germs first introduced by Method went mainstream, and manured by pop psychology and free expression, actors began to perceive their game-playing as more real than real life. †b. transitive. To spread or spill like manure. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. C2 So many valiant Bassowes slaine, Whose bloud hath bin manured to their earth. c. transitive. Chiefly literary. Used hyperbolically of human remains, blood, etc., esp. on a battlefield: to fertilize (the soil). Also in figurative context. ΚΠ a1594 Edmond Ironside (1991) v. ii. 119 This little Ile Whose soyle is manured with Carkasses. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 128 The bloud of English shall manure the ground. View more context for this quotation 1658 G. Swinhoe Unhappy Fair Irene 17 Your neglected Bands Are a prepared Banquet For the Birds of prey, And with their mangled Corps Manure the Hungarian fields. 1713 J. Addison Cato ii. i The Corps of half her Senate Manure the Fields of Thessaly. 1746 T. Blacklock Poems Several Occasions 50 For this, thy bravest sons, subdu'd, Manure their natal soil with slain: For this, thy rivers..Flow crimson to the frighted main. 1814 Ld. Byron Let. 22 Jan. (1975) IV. 37 He has my best wishes to manure the fields of France with an invading army. 1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 213 Under a high state of cultivation, being manured with the hearts and brains of men. 1933 D. Thomas Let. 11 Nov. (1985) 55 Your bones and mine shall manure an empty island set in a waste sea. 1987 A. Brien Lenin ii. 60 The blood of the martyrs manures the seed of the Revolution. d. intransitive. To apply manure or fertilizer. Also figurative. ΚΠ c1665 in Econ. Hist. Rev. (1932) 4 32 We manure once in three or ffour yeares, but Lime once in Sixe or Seaven yeares. 1699 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 9) 24 Continue to dig, and manure, if Weather permit. 1787 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Apr. in Papers (1955) XI. 284 The leases are either during pleasure, or for three, six, or nine years, which does not give the farmer time to repay himself for the expensive operation of well manuring, and therefore, he manures ill, or not at all. 1853 W. M. Thackeray Eng. Humourists ii. 97 He had not worked crop after crop from his brain, manuring hastily, subsoiling indifferently. 1888 10th Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1887–8 26 Manure according to your land. 1988 Gardening from Which? Dec. 413/1 Manure where you intend to grow peas, beans, onions and lettuce. e. transitive. Of livestock and animals generally: to fertilize the soil with dung or urine. ΚΠ a1742 T. Story Jrnl. of Life (1747) 190 They..had the Flock folded on their Lands, at a certain Price each Night, thereby to manure them. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 33 Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plough, or such as manure the ground. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Cattle are shut up during night, to manure the ground with their dung. 1865 F. M. Nichols tr. Britton II. 373 His right of faldage, i.e. to have the tenant's sheep to manure his land. 1956 Jrnl. Ecol. 44 52 In the deserted puffin colonies of the mammal-free island of Grassholm, it is possible to study a vegetation which has been trampled on, burrowed in and manured, but not grazed. 1996 R. Mabey Flora Britannica 67/2 Stinging nettles' natural habitat is..amongst the lush herbage of silt-rich river valleys and woodland glades manured by feeding animals. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1532v.1416
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