manifoldn.2
/ˈmanᵻfəʊld/, U.S. /ˈmænəfoʊld/ 1. [Analysis of some examples as syntactically singular or plural, and hence as showing underlying forms with or without -s, is uncertain.] English regional (northern) and Scottish. The intestines or bowels, esp. of an animal.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > intestines > [noun]
tharma700
ropeeOE
wombeOE
entrailc1330
arse-ropesa1382
entraila1382
bowel1393
bellyc1400
manifold?c1400
gutc1460
tripe?a1505
trillibub1519
puddingsa1525
singles1567
fibre1598
intestine1598
gutlet1615
colon1622
garbage1638
pud1706
intestinule1836
?c1400 in J. Raine Hist. Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (1839) 57 [Women quarrelling as they wash ‘inwards’ at the stream] Deinde solebamus crines evellere pungnis, cum cheterlingis et monifauldes mutuo nos cedere.
1776 D. Herd Anc. & Mod. Sc. Songs (ed. 2) II. 163 John Young and John Auld Strove about the moniefald.
1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Manifolds, the intestines.
1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) Manifold, the bowels of man and the lower animals.
1913 C. Murray Hamewith 88 He sweels their monyfaulds awa' Wi' wauchts fae gory quaichs.
2.
a. English regional (northern), Scottish, and Irish English. Occasionally in plural. The omasum or third stomach of a ruminant.
ΚΠ
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth III. 4 The third stomach..which is called the manyfold, from the number of its leaves.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 112 Moneyfawd,..the countryman's term for a cow's stomach.
1855 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 539/2 The maniplus, or manifolds, is..much more frequently deranged; and under the term Fardel-bound, is known a disease which appears to consist in a retention of food in this stomach.
a1908 H. C. Hart MS Coll. Ulster Words in M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal (1953) 179 Minnyfole, the third stomach of a ruminant, the omasum or psalterium, so called from the many parallel folds or layers.
1961 Guardian 29 Sept. 13/6 ‘Honeycomb’ tripe is the best-known, but there are also..‘leaf’ tripe..and the admittedly less delicate manifold tripe.
1988 M. Houlihan Most Excellent Dish! 33 The manifold, or ‘black’ tripe, and cowheel ‘bits’ on a plate, were at the back of the display.
b. U.S. In plural. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1851 G. H. Dadd Amer. Reformed Cattle Doctor 48 It [sc. a portion of the food] is at length swallowed a second time, and goes through the same routine as that just described, passing into the manyplus or manifolds, as it is termed.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Manifolds, the third stomach of a ruminant animal. (Local. U.S.).
1882 J. W. Hill Princ. & Pract. Bovine Med. & Surg. 179 Inflammation of the omasum, or third stomach, the many-plus or manifolds.
1903 N. S. Mayo Care of Animals 245 The next stomach is the omasum, or ‘manyplies’ or ‘manifolds’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
manifoldadj.n.1
/ˈmanᵻfəʊld/, U.S. /ˈmænəˌfoʊld/α. Old English mænigfeald, Old English manigfeald, Old English menifeld, Old English menigfeald, Old English monigfeald, Old English–early Middle English mænifeald, Old English–early Middle English manifeald, early Middle English moniȝfeald, Middle English manifeld.
β. Old English mænigfald, Old English menigfald, Old English monigfald, early Middle English maniuold, early Middle English monievolde, early Middle English monifald, early Middle English monifold, early Middle English monifolde, early Middle English moniualde, early Middle English moniuold, early Middle English monyvolde, Middle English maniefoold, Middle English manifald, Middle English manigefold, Middle English maniualde, Middle English manyefold, Middle English manyefolde, Middle English manyefoulde, Middle English manyfalde, Middle English manyfaulde, Middle English manyfawlde, Middle English manyflode (perhaps transmission error), Middle English manyfoold, Middle English manyfoolde, Middle English menyfolde, Middle English monyfolde, Middle English–1500s manyfolde, Middle English–1600s manifolde, Middle English–1600s 1800s manyfold, Middle English– manifold, 1500s manniefolde, 1500s manyfauld, 1500s manyfoulde, 1500s monyffold, 1600s mainfold (transmission error), 1600s manyfould; Scottish pre-1700 maniefauld, pre-1700 manifald, pre-1700 manifauld, pre-1700 manyfald, pre-1700 manyfauld, pre-1700 manyfawld, pre-1700 menifald, pre-1700 moneyfauld, pre-1700 moniefauld, pre-1700 monifald, pre-1700 monifauld, pre-1700 monyefauld, pre-1700 monyfald, pre-1700 monyfalde, pre-1700 monyfauld, pre-1700 monyfaulde, pre-1700 monyfawld, pre-1700 1700s– manifold, pre-1700 1700s– manyfold, pre-1700 1700s– moniefold, pre-1700 1700s– monyfold.
A. adj.† 3. Mathematics. = multiple n. 2a. manifold to: that is a multiple of. Obsolete.† 4. how manifold? [blend of how many and A.] : of how many kinds? Obsolete. rare.
1. † b. That is the specified thing in many ways or in many relations; entitled to the specified name on many grounds. Also (occasionally), of persons: many-minded, variable; having many diverse capacities. Obsolete.
a. Varied or diverse in appearance, form, or character; having various forms, features, component parts, relations, applications, etc.; performing several functions at once; †complex, difficult (obsolete). Now chiefly literary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective]
sunderlyeOE
manifoldeOE
selcoutha1000
felefoldc1000
mislichOE
alkinOE
manykinOE
fele-kync1175
serekina1300
sundera1325
sundrya1325
serea1340
divers1340
varyingc1340
variantc1380
muchfoldc1384
serelepesa1400
serelepya1400
multifaryc1460
sundryfoldc1460
multiplicate?a1475
variable?a1475
sundrilyc1480
diversea1542
particoloured1591
multifarious1593
Protean1594
daedal1596
choiceful1605
Daedalian1605
multiplex1606
variated1608
diversified1611
multiplicious1617
variousa1634
multivarious1636
mosaic1644
multiple1647
omnigenous1650
chequered1656
plurifarious1656
ununiform1660
variate1677
disuniform1687
Proteusian1689
unsteady1690
unequable1693
inequable1721
variegating1727
varied1733
multitudinous1744
multifold1806
polygeneous1818
unequalized1822
ruleless1836
varicoloured185.
non-uniform1856
omnigener1857
polytypic1858
multiferous1860
variatious1871
variegated1872
polytypical1890
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] > exhibiting variety in appearance
manifoldeOE
various1656
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > [adjective] > of several kinds
manifoldeOE
serea1340
several1509
various1696
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. i. 85 Wæs þær seo monigfealdeste wol, mid moncwealme, ge eac þætte nanuht beren[des], ne wif ne nieten, ne mehton nanuht libbendes geberan.
eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 310 Multimodam, manigfealdne.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxx. 435 Ðes pistol is swiðe menigfeald us to gereccenne & eow swiðe deop to gehyrenne.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1103 Ðis wæs swiðe gedeorfsum gear her on lande, þurh mænifealde gyld.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 145 (MED) Alle we beoð in monifald wawe ine þisse wreche liue.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 92 For þer beoð uttre & inre [fondunges], & eiðer is moniualde [a1250 Nero moniuold].
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 4 Mid ham is muruhðe moniuold wið-ute teone & treie.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) 1 Pet. iv. 10 As goode dispenderes of the manyfolde grace of God.
1430–1 Rolls of Parl. IV. 377/2 The horribilite of his so manyfolde Treson.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. vii. 22 In hir is ye sprete of vnderstandinge, which is holy, manifolde, one onely, sotyll.
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. aiiij Chorographie..is in practise manifolde, and in vse very ample.
1603 S. Daniel To Lady Margaret in Panegyrike 25 He sees the face of Right t'appeare as manyfold As are the passions of vncertaine man.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 16 Which they not obeying, Incurr'd..the penaltie, And manifold in sin, deserv'd to fall. View more context for this quotation
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 769 This changeful life, So manifold in cares, whose every day Brings its own evil with it.
1832 G. C. Lewis Remarks Use & Abuse Polit. Terms Introd. 12 The truth is one, error is manifold.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 497 He hated the Puritan sects with a manifold hatred, theological and political, hereditary and personal.
1865 W. G. Palgrave Narr. Journey through Arabia I. 424 Coffee though one in name is manifold in fact.
1888 S. Moore tr. K. Marx & F. Engels Manifesto Communist Party i. 8 We find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank.
1892 A. Conan Doyle Adventures Sherlock Holmes viii. 184 I have heard, Mr Holmes, that you can see deeply into the manifold wickedness of the human heart.
1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage lxxxv. 447 More green than jade brought by swart mariners from the manifold, inexplicable China.
1990 E. Kraft Reservations Recommended iv. 157 The manifold illumination of the city..picks out details at random.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] > many-sided or having parts > having various qualities or aspects (of persons) > (of persons) entitled to a name
manifolda1200
a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 187 Twifold, oðer manifold, is þe man þe nis stedefast ne on [MS os] dade, ne on speche, ne on þonke.
a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) vii. 96 Zachary mynde of hys lord, manyfold [L. multiplex] in prophecy.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 111 If any man of qualitie..will maintaine vpon Edmund..that he's a manifold traitour. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iv. iii. 241 The manifold Linguist, and the army-potent souldier. View more context for this quotation
1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer v. i. 79 Secure that manifold Villain.
1842 Mozley in Brit. Critic 31 173 Like a man who is at once clear-headed and manifold, if we may be allowed the word, in his ideas.
1885 R. Bridges Nero ii. iii To sit upon their rare, successive thrones, A manifold Augusta!
c. spec. Of an apparatus, machine, or instrument: composed or consisting of many parts; multiple in its effects. See also Compounds.
ΚΠ
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 597/2 A manifold bell-pull, constructed on an entirely new plan, by which one pull is made to ring bells in any number of rooms.
1857 S. P. Tregelles tr. F. H. W. Gesenius Heb. Lex. s.v. עוגב Ambubaja (i.e. tibicina Hor.)..a double or manifold pipe, an instrument composed of many pipes.
1879 J. Stainer Music of Bible 95 Two classes of ‘manifold-pipes’ can exist, the one..a collection of flauti traversi, the other..of flûtes à bec.
1900 Westm. Gaz. 25 May 4/2 A model military balloon of the regulation-varnished manifold goldbeater's-skin variety.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XV. 179/1 The manifold plate is then heavily punched from one side.
2. Numerous and varied; of many kinds or varieties. Formerly also: †numerous, many; abundant (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adjective]
feleOE
felefoldc1000
manifoldOE
unfewc1175
mucha1225
many one?a1300
greata1325
manyc1450
numerous1622
maint1706
right smart1825
OE Blickling Homilies 153 Þa bletsode he eft Marian lichoman on Moyses boca gewitnesse, & þurh swiðe manigfealde gewreotu.
OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xiii. 6 Heora æhta wæron menigfealde.
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Digby 146) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 71/2 Copiosa : mænifealde.
a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 11 Muchel is us þenne neod..swiðe adreden ure monifolde sunne.
c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. B) l. 6 Hwar beoþ nu þeo pundes þurh [pa]newes igædered? (Heo weren monifolde bi markes itolde.)
c1300 St. Theophilus (Laud) 179 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 293 (MED) Þat folk cam mani-folde A-boute Theofle in eche side.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2502 And his kin wexen manige-fold.
a1425 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Galba) 27887 (MED) Dronkinhede..mase meschefes ful many falde.
c1450 (?c1390) G. Chaucer Proverbs 1 What shul thise clothes thus manyfold, Lo! this hote somers day?
c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 41 Considering so many folde tymes we have ben deceived.
1509 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 198 The monyffold riettes oppressions & wranges don to him.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms ciii. 24 O Lorde, how manifolde are thy workes.
1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Celebr. Holye Communion f. lxiiijv The sondery and manifold chaunges of the worlde.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. O2v You will runne into such vntimely sorrowes, as with manifold teares will hardly be washed.
1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. f. 86 v Quhat fruict haue we of yis sacrament being deulie receauit? Verray gryt and monifald.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxviii. 185 Her manifold varieties in rites and Ceremonies of Religion.
1605 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 372 The manyfould downefalles into synne.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 44 The manifold Appearances of Design and of final Causes, in the Constitution of the World.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 624 So manifold, all pleasing in their kind, All healthful, are the employs of rural life.
1844 A. P. Stanley Life of Dr. Arnold (1858) I. Pref. 1 The manifold kindnesses with which they have assisted me.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 146 Clarendon was overwhelmed by manifold vexations.
1880 A. Geikie Elem. Lessons Physical Geogr. (new ed.) ii. x. 67 It is from this circulation of water that all the manifold phenomena of clouds, rain, snow, rivers, glaciers, and lakes arise.
1925 J. M. Murry Keats & Shakespeare ii. 23 One could go on trying to capture all the manifold implications of that line for ever.
1954 O. Sitwell Four Continents ii. 46 The Bowes Museum is vast, its exhibits are manifold.
1986 M. Foot Loyalists & Loners 60 The ramifications of this passage..are so wondrous and manifold that it would be tempting to devote a whole thesis to it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [adjective] > multiple
manifoldc1175
multiplex to (also of)a1398
multiplexa1450
multiple1704
c1175 ( Ælfric Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 41 Hwæt ȝemænð þonne ic cwæðe þæt moniȝfealde ȝetel seofen and hundseofentiȝ?
1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Bivv There is one kinde of proportion, that is named multiplex, or manyfolde.
1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements vii. 143 That numbers equall or manifold to any number may be taken at pleasure.
ΚΠ
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises iii. i. viii. f. 139 How manyfold is the moouing of this heauen? The moouing of this heauen..is threefold.
1599 T. Blundeville Art of Logike iii. vi. 66 How manifold is a Modall Proposition? Twofold, that is, Coniunct and Disiunct.
1662 W. Petty Treat. Taxes 58 It will be asked with how manifold restitutions should picking a pocket (for example) be punished?
B. n.1† 1. by (also in, rarely on) manifold: many times over; in the proportion of many to one. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adverb] > in proportion of many to one
manifoldlyeOE
by (also in, rarely on) manifoldc1275
manifold1526
manyfold1650
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 72 (MED) Þu art lodlich to biholde, & þu art loþ in monie volde.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. 1778 Wherof the man..Stant more worth..Than he stod erst, be manyfold.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 6900 He byeþ þyn almes on manyfolde.
1415 T. Hoccleve Addr. to Sir John Oldcastle l. 58 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 10 Thoffense..Was nat so greet as thyn by many fold.
a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) 607 More Curtaysi Fand he..mar conforth, by mony falde, Than Colgrevance had him of talde.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) ii. 697 What to doone best were, and what eschue, That plited she ful ofte in many fold.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. 944 (MED) Tholome gan beholde That he hadde the bettere be manifolde.
c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) cxxxi The werk that first is foundit sure..langere sall endure Be monyfald.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 191 The theif Judas did greit trespas, That Christ for siluer sauld: Bot Preistis wil tak, and his price mak, For les be mony fauld.
1596 W. Raleigh Discoverie Guiana (new ed.) sig. Aiv The countrey hath more quantity of Gold by manifolde, then the best partes of the Indies.
2. Multiplicity, abundance, or variety (originally of material objects, now chiefly of abstract phenomena). In later use, also as a count noun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [noun] > a diversity
diversityc1340
manifold?1440
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [noun] > with variety
manifold?1440
multiplicity1587
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 368 (MED) With Iuce of portulake & titymalle..Enoynte the trunkes of thys trees alle, And many foold of fruyt vp wol they brynge.
c1450 (?c1425) St. Mary of Oignies in Anglia (1885) 8 147 (MED) What seye ȝee to þis, ȝee superflue wymmen..þat chargiþ ȝoure caryouns wiþ many-folde of clothes?
1867 C. T. Brooks tr. L. Schefer Layman's Breviary 426 The bad [man] is just imprisoned in his heart, Cut off from all the manifold of life.
1891 F. Tennyson Daphne 15 I guide thy quicken'd eye, I lift thine hand; And then thou piercest through all hidden ways Of Science, and unrollest as a scroll Illimitable, the manifold of Art, Ev'n as the Sun lightens through all dark ways, And fills them with a gladness not their own.
1902 tr. M. A. Ratisbonne in W. James Varieties Relig. Experience x. 225 In an instant the bandage had fallen from my eyes, and not one bandage only, but the whole manifold of bandages in which I had been brought up.
1947 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Kind of Poetry I Want in Kist of Whistles 32 A manifold of fast-vanishing speech, Customs and delights—Cussomes, wivetts, short and long bachelors, Short and long hag-hatters, Rogue-why-winkest-thou, And Jenny-why-gettest-thou.
1999 Kred (Kent Univ. Students' Union) Nov. 11/2 A manifold of rounds took place; pint-downing, party tricks, make-up.., chat-up lines.., and talents were also discovered in the singing round.
3. That which is manifold. Chiefly Philosophy.
a. spec. In Kantian philosophy: the unorganized sum of the particulars furnished to the mind esp. by sense before they have been unified by the synthetic activity of the understanding. Also manifold of sense.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun] > Kantianism > elements of
conception1701
schematism1794
categorical imperative1796
intuition1796
matter1796
receptivity1796
schema1796
dialectic1797
multifarious1798
reciprocity1799
form1803
synthesis1817
Anschauung1820
manifold?1822
category1829
modality1836
multiplex1836
predicable1838
multiple1839
multiplicity1839
presentmenta1842
elanguescence1855
?1822–3 S. T. Coleridge Shorter Wks. & Fragm. (1995) II. 1004 I can combine a manifold of given Representations in one Act of Consciousness.
1855 J. M. D. Meiklejohn tr. I. Kant Crit. Pure Reason 63 By means of the synthetical unity of the manifold in intuition.
1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant ii. i. 199 The activity of the mind must bring with it certain principles of relation, under which the manifold of sense must be brought.
1929 N. K. Smith tr. I. Kant Crit. Pure Reason 111 Synthesis of a manifold (be it given empirically or a priori) is what first gives rise to knowledge.
b. gen.
ΚΠ
1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. iii. ii. 87 His aim should rather be..instead of going out into the Manifold, to forsake it for the One.
1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. vi. 243 Out of the manifold comes the simple, out of the multitudinous the single.
1889 J. H. Skrine Mem. E. Thring 256 The chosen abstraction which gathers up into a focus the manifold of human duty, experience, and hope.
1909 Westm. Gaz. 25 May 2/1 Instinctively the scientist recognises that the simple facts are those which most often emerge from the complex manifold with which he is on every hand confronted.
1912 R. B. Perry Present Philos. Tendencies ii. iv. 79 It is evident that Mach's view can only mean a reduction of both the physical and the mental order to a manifold of neutral elements.
4. † a. A copy made by a manifold-writer. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > book > copy > [noun] > other types of copy
fine paper copy1789
review book1796
advance copy1837
reading copy1847
manifold1852
review copy1859
press copy1891
working copy1897
file copy1899
binding copy1936
desk copy1942
ideal copy1949
1852 G. A. Sala in Househ. Words 22 May 227/2 Like plates multiplied by the electro-process—like the printer's ‘stereo’—like the reporter's ‘manifold’—you will find duplicates, triplicates of these forlorn beings everywhere.
1893 G. B. Shaw Let. 20 July (1965) I. 399 I am sending a manifold of this to Webb.
b. Short for manifold paper n. at Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper for making copies
flimsy1857
manifold1897
1897 B. Stoker Dracula xvii. 229 I began to typewrite from the beginning of the seventh cylinder. I used manifold, and so took three copies of the diary.
1926 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) ii. 16 Manifold, slightly waxed tissue or other thin interleaving paper made for employment with carbon paper. Also an extremely thin typewriting made for the multiplication to as many as ten or twelve carbon copies of typewritten letters.
1954 Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) 38 Manifold, papers similar in character to Bank, although thinner. They range in substance from 161/ 2 × 21 in. 41/ 2 lb. 500's to 8 lb. 500's and are used when a large number of carbon copies is required.
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes xi. 485 Manifold, thin, strong, [for] duplicate copies, sales books, etc.
5. Mathematics. A topological space each point of which has a neighbourhood homeomorphic to the interior of a sphere in a Euclidean space of given dimension. Originally called manifoldness.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > geometric space > [noun] > topological
manifoldness1873
manifold1878
submanifold1898
function space1912
topological space1913
sheaf1955
1878 Mind 3 213 The space-representation might still be the necessary a priori form in which every co-extended manifold is perceived.
1886 Trans. & Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1885 18 59 The manifold I described in my paper is not a space. [Note] This term is now generally used instead of the more cumbrous ‘manifoldness’.
1897 B. Russell Ess. Found. Geom. i. 14 Riemann's epoch-making work..was written, and read to a small circle, in 1854..it remained unpublished till 1867... The two fundamental conceptions..are that of a manifold, and that of the measure of curvature of a manifold.
1926 Proc. Sect. Sci. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 29 618 It will be shewn that bounded and unbounded n-manifolds are in fact bounded and unbounded n-arrays in the sense already defined.
1945 E. T. Bell Devel. Math. (ed. 2) ix. 203 A ‘real’ space or ‘manifold’ of n dimensions is the set, or class, of all ordered n-ples (χ1, χ2,…, χn) of n real numbers..each of which ranges over a prescribed class of real numbers.
1966 Math. Rev. 31 33/2 (title) Some growth and ramification properties of certain integrals on algebraic manifolds.
1981 A. Salam in J. H. Mulvey Nature of Matter v. 119 Einstein found that the gravitational charge could be represented in terms of curvature in a four-dimensional manifold of space and time.
1986 New Scientist 12 June 48/2 The space-time in which we live is expected to be a manifold because the neighbourhood of any point resembles flat space-time.
6.
a. Mechanics. A pipe that has a number of branches, or a number of inlets or outlets; spec. (a) = exhaust-manifold n. at exhaust n. Compounds 2; (b) (in an internal combustion engine) a pipe which delivers air and fuel from the carburettor to the cylinders in full inlet manifold.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > parts of > other parts
thermo-siphon1834
crank-case1878
manifolda1884
hot tube1889
sump1894
hit-and-miss governor1897
engine pit1903
retard1903
head1904
gasket1915
gravity tank1917
cylinder block1923
transfer case1923
swirl chamber1934
manifolding1938
ignition switch1952
catalytic converter1955
small block1963
cat1988
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 579/2 Manifold, the chambers with nozzles into and from which the pipes of a radiator lead.
1891 H. Patterson Illustr. Naut. Dict. 332 Manifold, a pipe or chamber to which are connected several branch suction pipes with their valves and one or more main suctions to pump.
1919 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (Royal Aeronaut. Soc.) 48 The exhaust pipe extends from the exhaust manifold to the silencer.
1948 Motor Manual (ed. 33) v. 99 The induction manifold of a modern engine generally is heated by the exhaust. This..can be easily and neatly arranged in most engines because the exhaust manifold usually is close to the inlet manifold.
1961 Economist 30 Dec. 1306/1 Ford provides only the carburettor, inlet manifold and camshaft for the Classic [motor car].
1971 Sci. Amer. Sept. 222/3 All gases are admitted through needle valves to a manifold that connects to the laser.
1988 Pract. Motorist Feb. 45 (caption) At same time clean off the faces of both manifolds, ready for re-assembly.
b. Oil Industry. More fully manifold centre. Esp. in offshore drilling: an area on which oil pipes from several wells converge, and where testing, segregation, and re-routing of oil can take place.
ΚΠ
1975 Oil & Gas Industry Gloss. Terms (Bank of Scotland) 16/2 Manifold centre, an arrangement whereby production from several wells may be combined in any way desired for forwarding through one or more pipelines.
1991 Independent 28 Jan. 1/1 The bombing raid..destroyed two manifolds, or oil terminal pressure controls, in an attempt to cut off the flow of oil.
1992 Marine Engineers Rev. Nov. 56/3 (caption) An engineer rides a two-mile pipeline bundle as it is pulled out for towing underwater to the Shell/Esso manifold centre in the Cormorant field in the UK sector of the North Sea.
Compounds
manifold letter-book n. now historical a book of writing paper in which copies are produced at the time of writing (see quot. 1869).
ΚΠ
1869 W. Clark in Abr. Specif. Patents, Writ. Instr. (1869) 275 Improvement in arranging manifold letter books. The patentee arranges leaves of copying and common writing paper alternately, and binds them together.
manifold paper n. (formerly) carbonized paper used in making several copies of a handwritten document at one time; (subsequently) lightweight paper for making carbon copies.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > duplicating processes > [noun] > carbon paper
camp-paper?1790
carbonic paper1808
carbonized paper1850
manifold paper1854
carbon paper1855
carbon1895
1854 Census Great Brit. 1851: Population Tables Occupations p. cxxiv/2 Manifold-paper maker.
1898 A. Bierce In Midst of Life 328 I used manifold paper and have a copy of what I sent.
1961 Lebende Sprachen 6 70/1 Office furniture, machines and supplies... Mimeograph paper, manifold paper.
manifold pressure n. Aeronautics the pressure in the intake manifold of a reciprocating engine.
ΚΠ
1933 R. L. Streeter & L. C. Lichty Internal Combustion Engines (ed. 4) x. 294 The minimum manifold pressure for a single-cylinder engine depends on the volume of the intake manifold and the compression ratio.
1987 Pilots Internat. Mar. 9/3 Since the collective influences rpm directly and the throttle influences manifold pressure directly, they are both secondary controls of each other's functions.
1995 G. White Allied Aircraft Piston Engines World War II ii. 4 With 98-octane fuel, power was doubled to 900 hp by allowing higher manifold pressure to be used.
manifold writer n. now historical an apparatus on which copies of a handwritten document can be made.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing
polygraphy1705
polygrapher1778
polygraph1803
manifold writer1808
autocopyist1880
hectograph1880
copygrapha1884
1808 R. Wedgwood Brit. Patent 3110 (1856) 1 A..pen and stylographic manifold writer.
1872 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Dec. 12/1 The principle of the manifold writer, the great friend of newspaper reporters.
1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 548/1 Pen Manifold Writer...Manifold Writers. To write a Letter and produce one or more Copies at the same time... Copying Books for refilling 96 leaves... Carbonic do. 6 leaves.
1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 353/2 Pen Manifold Writer. By this method letters, orders, invoices, or documents can be written in ink, and a facsimile produced at the same time. Size, 11 × 8½ in., half-bound, 500 leaves, with box of pens and tablet.
manifold writing n. now historical writing produced using a manifold writer.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [noun] > copying apparatus > for copying writing > for making several copies at once > use of
polygraphy?1787
manifold writing1862
press copying1875
manifolding1892
1862 W. Clark in Abr. Specif. Patents, Writ. Instr. (1869) 319 An improved apparatus for manifold writing.
1876 W. H. Preece & J. Sivewright Telegraphy 289 The office copy is in pencil, the public copy in manifold writing.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
manifoldv.
/ˈmanᵻfəʊld/, U.S. /ˈmænəˌfoʊld/α. Old English mænifealdian, Old English mænigfealdian, Old English monigfældian, Old English–early Middle English moniȝfealdian.
β. Old English monigfaldian, early Middle English maniuolden, early Middle English monifalden, Middle English manifald (northern), Middle English manyfald (northern), Middle English 1700s– manifold.
1. transitive. To make manifold, multiply. In early use (occasionally) intransitive. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > be numerous [verb (intransitive)]
manifoldeOE
wallc1000
reigna1400
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > make numerous [verb (transitive)]
manifoldeOE
multiplya1275
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)] > increase in amount, number, or frequency
manifoldeOE
multiplya1275
increase1382
plurify?a1425
advance1576
propagate1591
vie1605
mass-produce1923
eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xvii. 109 Ond eac Dryhten cuæð to Noe & to his bearnum: Weahsað ge & monigfaldiað & gefyllað eorðan.
OE Aldhelm Glosses (Digby 146) in A. S. Napier Old Eng. Glosses (1900) 132/2 Amplificare : mænifeal[dian].
lOE Canterbury Psalter lxiv. 10 Multiplicasti locupletare eam : ðu monigfældodest to geweligan hie.
c1175 ( in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 48 Þeo ælmesse is swiðe haliȝ weorc..heo moniȝfealdæþ [OE Vercelli gemanigfealdaþ] ȝearæ fyrstæs.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 205 Godd..wule..moniuolden in ow his deorewurðe grace.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxvii. 20 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 170 Manifalded ere þai [L. multiplicati sunt] for-þi Whilk hated me wickeli.
a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xv. 3 Many faldid ere thaire seknesis.
1767 [see manifolded adj. at Derivatives]. 1889 Chicago Advance 19 Sept. Manifolding its appliances, spiritual, educational, and social.
1903 A. M. Clerke Probl. Astrophysics 45 The solitary success of 1896 was manifolded a year and a half later.
1950 J. Agee in Botteghe Oscure 6 370 We acknowledge and bewail our manifold sins and wickednesses (and they manifolded themselves upon the air between earth and heaven like falling leaves and falling snow).
2. transitive. To multiply impressions or copies of, esp. mechanically. Also intransitive. Cf. manifold writer n. at manifold adj. and n.1 Compounds.A use of manifolded adj. at Derivatives in this sense is attested slightly earlier (see quot. 1865 for manifolded adj. at Derivatives).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > [verb (transitive)] > copying equipment > which makes several copies at once
manifold1879
1879 tr. J. H. Moritz Busch Bismarck in Franco-German War II. 138 Afterwards I write, on the Chief's instructions, two articles, to be manifolded [Ger. die sich vervielfältigen sollen].
1879 Printing Trades Jrnl. No. 28. 25 Paper of velvet-like quality, impregnated so as to manifold with extreme ease.
1881 Times 27 July 10 The Home Secretary received such precise and timely information that he was enabled to have it manifolded.
1902 E. Banks Autobiogr. Newspaper Girl 122 I filled three sheets of paper with it; then I got carbon and manifolded it.
1944 L. Mumford Condition of Man 8 As man found ways of creating ‘permanent’ symbols in stone or reproducing his symbols by manifolding and copying, he has been able to make larger and larger areas of his otherwise private experiences available to other men.
Derivatives
ˈmanifolded adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > increased
grown1340
added?a1425
multiplied1463
increased1552
amplified1573
vantaged1578
augmented1605
swelleda1616
swollena1631
auct1652
improved1661
aggrandized1689
manifolded1767
jacked-up1920
society > communication > representation > [adjective] > of or relating to copying apparatus > which makes several copies at once
manifolded1767
1767 ‘Coriat Junior’ Another Traveller! II. 206 Has manifolded homebred mischief marred thy rest?
1865 C. Knight Passages Working Life III. viii. 162 The untiring Reuter appears..with manifolded copies of his telegram.
1926 J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. p. v In these days of manifolded information and broadcast amusement.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
manifoldadv.
/ˈmanᵻfəʊld/, U.S. /ˈmænəˌfoʊld/ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adverb]
manifoldlyeOE
mislicheeOE
sere-wise1340
in (also on, by) sundry wisea1393
in sundry waysa1393
manifolda1400
manifoldwise1440
multifarya1450
sunderly?a1450
multiplyingly1483
sundrilya1500
several1551
changeably1567
sundrywise1591
severally1605
variously1627
miscellaneously1639
multifariously1657
variedly1827
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 641 Þæs [sc. Oswald's] halines & wundor wæron syððan manigfealde gecydde geond his [read ðis] egland.
c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 4024 (MED) Alle þai hadde to-broken his scheld, & his brini to-rent manifeld.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 269 Þou muste make a plate of iren..þat mote be fooldid manie foold in þe forseid ligature.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 3250 Þair payn es turned manyfalde; Now er þai in hete and now in calde.
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xlii. 4 How that Nasciens þis writ gan beholde, and there-Onne loked ful Many folde.
c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 413 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 316 God þai lowit mony-fald for þis merwale.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 122 Sinnand rycht mony fald.
1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 44 Thus shall loues followers be thrise happy, and thus Robin goodfellowes well-willers, in imitating his care, bee manifolde blessed.
2. In the proportion of many to one, by many times.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > plurality > great number, numerousness > [adverb] > in proportion of many to one
manifoldlyeOE
by (also in, rarely on) manifoldc1275
manifold1526
manyfold1650
1526 Grete Herball Gloss. sig. Ddii/2 Epithime is a cloth that is foldeth manyfolde thycke and is wete in waters.., the whiche is comonly layd vnto the lyuer.
a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) viii. 6693 How youre worschip..Suld be encressit mony fauld.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour l. 1093 in Wks. (1931) I Than grew thair dolour monyfauld.
a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 22 Gif our discentione haue ony fordar prograce it wilbe monyfold mair noysom to ws.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 176 Galiene..excellit his vncle monyfald: In Phisick airt.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xii. sig. L8v Then when his daughter deare he does behold, Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold.
1611 Bible (King James) Luke xviii. 30 Who shall not receiue manifold more in this present time. View more context for this quotation
1684 P. Ayres Vox Clamantis iii. 59 The benefit and profit to the Family, would manifold countervail the Expence.
1746 W. Thompson Hymn to May lxii. 30 Beneath this Oaken umbrage let us lay, And from the water's crystal-bosom steal Upon the grassy bank the finny prey: The Perch, with purple speckled manifold.
1797 Pennsylvania Gaz. 4 Jan. By an active and timely application of part of that capital to such improvements.., a revenue will be created so manifold more valuable to the state than the most usurious interest, a word more need not to be added!
1803 T. Jefferson Let. 30 June in Writings (1984) 1133 The price given for lands is multiplied manifold.
1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. xii. 139 Nor would it assuage his monotonous misery, but increase it manifold, to be compelled to scrutinize those masterpieces of art.
1897 B. Stoker Dracula vii. 79 It was found necessary to clear the entire piers from the mass of onlookers, or else the fatalities of the night would have increased manifold.
1927 Amer. Hist. Rev. 32 474 It might be amplified from numerous other sources and multiplied manifold.
1975 Jrnl. Industr. Econ. 23 214 Not only were investments in the public and private sectors increased manifold, but [etc.].
2001 Times (Electronic ed.) 9 Oct. The welcome we received was overwhelming but..the hospitality extended to us was..repaid manifold.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.2?c1400
adj.n.1eOE
v.eOEadv.lOE- luteofulvous
- luteofuscescent
- luteofuscous
- luteogallic
- luteohaematoidin
- luteolein
- luteolin
- luteolins
- luteolous
- luteolysis
- luteolytic
- luteoma
- luteon
- luteorufescent
- luteotrop ic hormone
- luteotrophic
- luteotrophic hormone
- luteotrophin
- luteotrophins
- luteotropic
- luteotropin
- luteotropins
- luteous
- luteously
- luteovirescent