malleusn.

Brit.

/ˈmalɪəs/, U.S.

/ˈmæliəs/

Inflections: Plural mallei Brit.

/ˈmalɪʌɪ/, U.S.

/ˈmæliˌaɪ/.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin malleus.

Etymology: < classical Latin malleus hammer, of uncertain origin.In all three senses, the thing denoted is shaped like a hammer; compare incus n. and stapes n. In sense 1 via post-classical Latin malleus , used in this sense by A. Vesalius in De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543) 34–5: he noted that one of the auditory ossicles resembled a little hammer, a malleolus , but since this was already the name of a different bone (see malleolus n.), he called the ossicle malleus . Compare earlier mallet n.¹ 5, and hammer n.¹ 2b.

I. As a part of the body.

1. Anatomy and Zoology. The outermost of the three ossicles of the mammalian ear, which transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > malleus and parts

mallet1578

hammer1615

malleolus1615

malleus1646

manubrium1855

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica v. xiii. 253 Three small bones in the Auditory Organ... Incus[,] Malleus, and Stapes .

1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1982 The head of the Malleus lyes hid in the beginning of the Sinus Mastoideus.

1762 Philos. Trans. 1761 (Royal Soc.) 52 264 A young lad..had the malleus of each ear..dropt out.

1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 284 The laxator tympani, or great external muscle of the malleus.

1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 299 One such suspends the Malleus from the wall of the tympanum.

1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 839 The malleus.., the largest of the three ossicles.

1989 Nature 23 Nov. 342/2 In mammals, the middle ear contains not one ear ossicle, but a chain of three (stapes, incus and malleus).

2. Zoology. In a rotifer: either of two hammer-like parts of the chitinous mouth-apparatus, which masticate food by working on the incus.

ΚΠ

1852 P. H. Gosse in Trans. Microscop. Soc. 3 94 The implements of mastication..consist of two bent jaws, which work upon a central table, and have been likened to a pair of hammers working on an anvil; I shall therefore name the working arms the mallei, and the central table the incus.

1940 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) vi. 296 On either side of the incus is a hammer-like structure, the malleus.

1992 M. Stachowitsch Invertebr. 148/2 Manubrium,..forms malleus together with uncus.

II. As a type of animal.

3. Zoology. (In form Malleus) a genus of bivalve molluscs of the family Malleidae, whose elongated shell resembles a hammer owing to the presence of projections at the hinge; (also malleus) a mollusc of this genus (also called hammer-shell, hammer-oyster; cf. mallet-headed oyster n. at mallet n.¹ Compounds 2).Valid publication of the genus name: Lamarck 1799, in Mém. de la Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris 82; Linnaeus had previously called the mollusc Ostrea malleus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Aviculidae > genus Malleus

malleus1839

1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 334/2 Lamarck makes the family consist of five genera only:—Crenatula, Perna, Malleus, Avicula, and Meleagrina.

1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 329 Malleus, Avicula, [etc.]..have an organ of this kind.

1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs x. 184 In the Vulsellidae..the exhalant point is carried posteriorly on a long salient, until in the hammer-oysters (Malleus)..the shell finally becomes T-shaped or hammer-like.

1974 S. P. Dance Encycl. Shells 230/3 Genus Malleus... Inequivalve brittle shells which are elongated dorso-ventrally.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	malleus
释义	malleusn. Brit. /ˈmalɪəs/, U.S. /ˈmæliəs/ Inflections: Plural mallei Brit. /ˈmalɪʌɪ/, U.S. /ˈmæliˌaɪ/. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin malleus. Etymology: < classical Latin malleus hammer, of uncertain origin.In all three senses, the thing denoted is shaped like a hammer; compare incus n. and stapes n. In sense 1 via post-classical Latin malleus , used in this sense by A. Vesalius in De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543) 34–5: he noted that one of the auditory ossicles resembled a little hammer, a malleolus , but since this was already the name of a different bone (see malleolus n.), he called the ossicle malleus . Compare earlier mallet n.¹ 5, and hammer n.¹ 2b. I. As a part of the body. 1. Anatomy and Zoology. The outermost of the three ossicles of the mammalian ear, which transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of ear > malleus and parts mallet1578 hammer1615 malleolus1615 malleus1646 manubrium1855 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica v. xiii. 253 Three small bones in the Auditory Organ... Incus[,] Malleus, and Stapes . View more context for this quotation 1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1982 The head of the Malleus lyes hid in the beginning of the Sinus Mastoideus. 1762 Philos. Trans. 1761 (Royal Soc.) 52 264 A young lad..had the malleus of each ear..dropt out. 1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 284 The laxator tympani, or great external muscle of the malleus. 1881 St. G. Mivart Cat 299 One such suspends the Malleus from the wall of the tympanum. 1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 839 The malleus.., the largest of the three ossicles. 1989 Nature 23 Nov. 342/2 In mammals, the middle ear contains not one ear ossicle, but a chain of three (stapes, incus and malleus). 2. Zoology. In a rotifer: either of two hammer-like parts of the chitinous mouth-apparatus, which masticate food by working on the incus. ΚΠ 1852 P. H. Gosse in Trans. Microscop. Soc. 3 94 The implements of mastication..consist of two bent jaws, which work upon a central table, and have been likened to a pair of hammers working on an anvil; I shall therefore name the working arms the mallei, and the central table the incus. 1940 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) vi. 296 On either side of the incus is a hammer-like structure, the malleus. 1992 M. Stachowitsch Invertebr. 148/2 Manubrium,..forms malleus together with uncus. II. As a type of animal. 3. Zoology. (In form Malleus) a genus of bivalve molluscs of the family Malleidae, whose elongated shell resembles a hammer owing to the presence of projections at the hinge; (also malleus) a mollusc of this genus (also called hammer-shell, hammer-oyster; cf. mallet-headed oyster n. at mallet n.¹ Compounds 2).Valid publication of the genus name: Lamarck 1799, in Mém. de la Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris 82; Linnaeus had previously called the mollusc Ostrea malleus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Asiphonida > family Aviculidae > genus Malleus malleus1839 1839 Penny Cycl. XIV. 334/2 Lamarck makes the family consist of five genera only:—Crenatula, Perna, Malleus, Avicula, and Meleagrina. 1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 329 Malleus, Avicula, [etc.]..have an organ of this kind. 1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs x. 184 In the Vulsellidae..the exhalant point is carried posteriorly on a long salient, until in the hammer-oysters (Malleus)..the shell finally becomes T-shaped or hammer-like. 1974 S. P. Dance Encycl. Shells 230/3 Genus Malleus... Inequivalve brittle shells which are elongated dorso-ventrally. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1646
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