automationn.

Brit.

/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌɔdəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌɔdoʊˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌɑdəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌɑdoʊˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: automatic adj., automaton n., -ion suffix¹.

Etymology: < automat- (in automatic adj., automaton n., etc.) + -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. With sense 1 compare earlier automatism n. With sense 2 compare earlier automatization n. and slightly later automate v., automated adj.In sense 2, the coinage of the word is usually attributed to Delmar S. Harder, the then Vice-President of Manufacturing of the Ford Motor Company. The example of automation found in some copies of the 1669 edition of S. Patrick's Brief Account of the New Sect of Latitude-Men is a misprint for automaton n. (see Amer. Speech (1959) 34 236), as probably are other early examples of the form, e.g.:1703 Athenian Oracle I. 231/1 I perceiv'd to my Admiration that the sound made by this invisible Automation (if such it be), was louder than that of the Artificial Machine.1790 H. Decremps Conjurer Unmask'd xli. 78 We shall point out the means of..causing any automation to perform the experiments of those who pretend to the exclusive power of discovering the sources of water. The following quot. may likewise show a misprint for automaton n., although the sense is difficult to determine:1656 J. Evelyn Ess. 1st Bk. Lucretius 172 The captiv'd-learned of other Ages..who have parted with their liberty to the Stagirit, by an absolute bargain and sale without power of redemption (Automation onely).

†1. = automatism n. (in various senses). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > activity as spontaneous or non-volitional

automation1874

automatism1884

1874 Every Sat. 26 Sept. 346/1 He [sc. Descartes] developed that famous hypothesis of the automation of brutes.

1878 Practitioner Oct. 278 Subjective epileptic cerebral states bear the same relationship to mind that volitional muscular movements do to the automation of the spinal cord in the production of spinal epilepsy.

1899 Methodist Rev. 623 If we can say that God forknew on general principles that free agency..would be better than mere automation, we can say that he is good, though evil exists.

2. The action or process of introducing automatic equipment or devices into a manufacturing or other process or facility; (also) the fact of making something (as a system, device, etc.) automatic.Originally (and now usually) in neutral sense, but in the 1950s often associated with the use of electronic or mechanical devices to replace human labour, and hence sometimes having negative connotations.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > substitution of machines for human labour

automation1948

office automation1954

society > occupation and work > business affairs > management methods or systems > [noun] > automatic control of manufacture

automatization1902

automation1948

cybernation1962

1948 Amer. Machinist 21 Oct. in McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. I. 676/2 Automation, the art of applying mechanical devices to manipulate work pieces into and out of equipment, turn parts between operations, [etc.].

1953 Manch. Guardian Weekly 3 Dec. 15/2 Many factories are spending large sums on ‘automation’, that is, the adoption of automatic machines working together with little labour.

1955 Times 3 Aug. 8/7 The group of resolutions on automation..says the technological advances will present the trade union movement with new opportunities, but these opportunities will be attended by new and complex human, social and economic problems.

1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 181 The demand for skilled labour and the substitution of unskilled labour by automation was increasing.

1975 Business Week (Nexis) 30 June 80 Office automation will bring improvements in productivity through the use of automatic typewriters and other stand-alone equipment.

1983 P. Rowland Underwater Photographer's Handbk. iii. 93 (caption) One stop less exposure was given to override the camera's automation.

1986 E. E. Scharff Worldly Power vii. 116 No one major newspaper in the United States had then achieved a significant degree of automation in its pressroom.

1992 IndustryWeek 7 Dec. 48/2 Its companies are willing to make long-term commitments to..advanced automation.

2007 Future Music Feb. 127/1 Track automation and precise edits are all well and good, but I miss the hands-on approach—twiddling knobs and riding faders by hand.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	automation
释义	automationn. Brit. /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌɔdəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌɔdoʊˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌɑdəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌɑdoʊˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: automatic adj., automaton n., -ion suffix¹. Etymology: < automat- (in automatic adj., automaton n., etc.) + -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. With sense 1 compare earlier automatism n. With sense 2 compare earlier automatization n. and slightly later automate v., automated adj.In sense 2, the coinage of the word is usually attributed to Delmar S. Harder, the then Vice-President of Manufacturing of the Ford Motor Company. The example of automation found in some copies of the 1669 edition of S. Patrick's Brief Account of the New Sect of Latitude-Men is a misprint for automaton n. (see Amer. Speech (1959) 34 236), as probably are other early examples of the form, e.g.:1703 Athenian Oracle I. 231/1 I perceiv'd to my Admiration that the sound made by this invisible Automation (if such it be), was louder than that of the Artificial Machine.1790 H. Decremps Conjurer Unmask'd xli. 78 We shall point out the means of..causing any automation to perform the experiments of those who pretend to the exclusive power of discovering the sources of water. The following quot. may likewise show a misprint for automaton n., although the sense is difficult to determine:1656 J. Evelyn Ess. 1st Bk. Lucretius 172 The captiv'd-learned of other Ages..who have parted with their liberty to the Stagirit, by an absolute bargain and sale without power of redemption (Automation onely). †1. = automatism n. (in various senses). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the paranormal > [noun] > activity as spontaneous or non-volitional automation1874 automatism1884 1874 Every Sat. 26 Sept. 346/1 He [sc. Descartes] developed that famous hypothesis of the automation of brutes. 1878 Practitioner Oct. 278 Subjective epileptic cerebral states bear the same relationship to mind that volitional muscular movements do to the automation of the spinal cord in the production of spinal epilepsy. 1899 Methodist Rev. 623 If we can say that God forknew on general principles that free agency..would be better than mere automation, we can say that he is good, though evil exists. 2. The action or process of introducing automatic equipment or devices into a manufacturing or other process or facility; (also) the fact of making something (as a system, device, etc.) automatic.Originally (and now usually) in neutral sense, but in the 1950s often associated with the use of electronic or mechanical devices to replace human labour, and hence sometimes having negative connotations. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > labour supply > [noun] > substitution of machines for human labour automation1948 office automation1954 society > occupation and work > business affairs > management methods or systems > [noun] > automatic control of manufacture automatization1902 automation1948 cybernation1962 1948 Amer. Machinist 21 Oct. in McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. I. 676/2 Automation, the art of applying mechanical devices to manipulate work pieces into and out of equipment, turn parts between operations, [etc.]. 1953 Manch. Guardian Weekly 3 Dec. 15/2 Many factories are spending large sums on ‘automation’, that is, the adoption of automatic machines working together with little labour. 1955 Times 3 Aug. 8/7 The group of resolutions on automation..says the technological advances will present the trade union movement with new opportunities, but these opportunities will be attended by new and complex human, social and economic problems. 1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 181 The demand for skilled labour and the substitution of unskilled labour by automation was increasing. 1975 Business Week (Nexis) 30 June 80 Office automation will bring improvements in productivity through the use of automatic typewriters and other stand-alone equipment. 1983 P. Rowland Underwater Photographer's Handbk. iii. 93 (caption) One stop less exposure was given to override the camera's automation. 1986 E. E. Scharff Worldly Power vii. 116 No one major newspaper in the United States had then achieved a significant degree of automation in its pressroom. 1992 IndustryWeek 7 Dec. 48/2 Its companies are willing to make long-term commitments to..advanced automation. 2007 Future Music Feb. 127/1 Track automation and precise edits are all well and good, but I miss the hands-on approach—twiddling knobs and riding faders by hand. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1874
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