luken.¹

Brit.

/luːk/,

/ljuːk/, U.S.

/luk/

slang.

Nothing.

ΚΠ

1821 in Life D. Haggart Gloss. 172

1864 in Slang Dict.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† Luken.²

Forms: Also Middle English luks.

Etymology: < Luke, the anglicized name of the town of Lucca in Italy.

Obsolete.

Used attributively of products of Lucca.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [noun] > in Italy > Lucca

Luke1483

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 194 Lumbardes of lukes.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ix. 109 By þe rode of lukes.]

1483 Wardr. Acc. in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1807) I. 49 ij canopies, oon with luks gold garnyssht with frenge of venys gold.

1640 Rates in J. Noorthouck New Hist. London (1773) 839/1 Silk, wrought satins, of Bolonia, lukes, jean [etc.].

1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 35 Cephalonia is fruitful in Oyl, and excellent Wines, especially red Muscatels (which we call Luke Sherry).

1684 G. Meriton Praise Yorks. Ale (1685) 2 Briskets, Luke Olives, Anchoves, Caveare, Neats Tongues [etc].

1700 J. Petiver Musei Petiveriani viii. 66 Its about the bigness of a Lucca (Luke) Olive.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

lukeadj.

Brit.

/luːk/,

/ljuːk/, U.S.

/luk/

Forms: Middle English lheuc, Middle English lewk(e, Middle English leuk(e, ( luk, 1500s Scottish luik), Middle English–1500s, 1800s luke.

Etymology: The Middle English forms lheuc , leuk , and the modern pronunciation, appear to point to a derivation < Old English hléow lew adj.¹, perhaps through the medium of a verb *hlíewcian : see luke v.Notwithstanding the resemblance in form and meaning, it seems impossible to connect the word etymologically with modern Dutch leuk (pronounced /løk/) lukewarm, Low German lūk , luke , lök , tepid, weak, slack. See lukewarm adj. and n.

Obsolete exc. dialect.

1. = lukewarm adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > warm > lukewarm

wlakc897

lukec1275

lewc1300

flakec1400

flashc1400

lukewarmc1400

tepidc1400

luke-hota1425

lew-warmc1450

lukewarmed1540

lew-warmed1588

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13754 An-opened wes his breoste þa blod com forð luke.

13.. R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7481 (Harl.) Als a lewke bath nouther hate ne calde.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 149 In reward of which flamme oure fire is but lewk.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 61 Yf luk water hem biwepe They wole be grete.

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. ccxxviii^v/2 He dranke luke water.

1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxii. 341 Let me have nine penn'orth o' brandy and water luke.

2. = lukewarm adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > lukewarm or lacking enthusiasm

coolOE

luke1340

tepid1513

lukewarmc1522

unearnest1542

spiritless1566

zeallessa1594

faint1596

unfiery1598

tepidous1607

Laodicean1633

heartless1636

unzealous1643

slight1660

unenthusiastic1805

teporous1821

coolish1850

ice-cool1891

demotivated1963

meh2007

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 He is fyeble and lheuc to alle guodes to done.

1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Rev. iii. 16 Thou art lew [v.r. lewk] and nether cold, nether hoot.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 184 Thouȝ in ech chapel..may be ymagis of God and of Marie and of Seintis forto make bi hem sengil and leuke remembrauncis.

c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. xxv. 37 The negligent religiose & þe leuke haþ tribulacion.

Compounds

luke-hearted adj.

ΚΠ

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 I am so loik hertit.

luke-hot adj. = lukewarm adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > warm > lukewarm

wlakc897

lukec1275

lewc1300

flakec1400

flashc1400

lukewarmc1400

tepidc1400

luke-hota1425

lew-warmc1450

lukewarmed1540

lew-warmed1588

a1425 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Pierpont Morgan) f. 218^v (MED) Oyle of almoundes..clenseþ & purgeþ quiter of eres yf it is leuke hoot [a1398 BL Add. luke, a1450 Bodl. wlache hote; L. tepidum] dropped þerin.

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 217 Mak alle þus lewk hot to geder.

Derivatives

† ˈlukely adv. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adverb] > lukewarmly or unenthusiastically

lukely1340

faintlyc1440

slightly1599

with half a heart1600

heartlessly1606

lukewarmly1611

disaffectedly1646

half-heartedly1870

unzealously1871

tepidly1873

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Huanne þe man loueþ lite and lheucliche oure lhord, þet he ssolde louye bernindeliche.

† ˈlukeness n. Obsolete

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [noun] > lukewarmness

lukenessc1440

lukewarmness1573

lukewarmth1598

tepidity1656

tepor1657

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > lukewarmness or lack of enthusiasm

warmness1561

lukewarmness1573

coolnessa1586

lukeness1597

unzealousness1615

tepiditya1631

mambling1640

half-heartedness1670

lukewarmth1716

unfervency1787

tepidness1821

under-zeal1841

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 302/1 Lewkenesse, tepor.

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxx. 406 His lukenesse and neutralitie of dealing in his service did so much offende him.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† lukev.

Forms: In Middle English lewk(e.

Etymology: ? representing Old English *hlíewcian , < *hléow lew adj.¹; for the formation compare ieldcian to delay, < eald old, and gearcian to prepare, < gearo ready. The existence of such a verb in Old English must apparently be assumed in order to account for the formation of luke adj.; but the recorded verb may be a new formation on the adjective.

Obsolete. rare.

transitive. To make lukewarm.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > make lukewarm

lukea1400

dollc1440

leepa1522

tepefy1656

chilla1825

a1400 Stockh. Med. MS. in Anglia XVIII. 314 Modir wort..Ȝif it be lewkyd with oyle of roset [cures fevers].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.¹1821

n.²1483

adj.c1275

v.a1400

单词	luke
释义	luken.¹ Brit. /luːk/, /ljuːk/, U.S. /luk/ slang. Nothing. ΚΠ 1821 in Life D. Haggart Gloss. 172 1864 in Slang Dict. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † Luken.² Forms: Also Middle English luks. Etymology: < Luke, the anglicized name of the town of Lucca in Italy. Obsolete. Used attributively of products of Lucca. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > named cities or towns > [noun] > in Italy > Lucca Luke1483 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. v. 194 Lumbardes of lukes. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. ix. 109 By þe rode of lukes.] 1483 Wardr. Acc. in Grose's Antiquarian Repertory (1807) I. 49 ij canopies, oon with luks gold garnyssht with frenge of venys gold. 1640 Rates in J. Noorthouck New Hist. London (1773) 839/1 Silk, wrought satins, of Bolonia, lukes, jean [etc.]. 1682 G. Wheler Journey into Greece i. 35 Cephalonia is fruitful in Oyl, and excellent Wines, especially red Muscatels (which we call Luke Sherry). 1684 G. Meriton Praise Yorks. Ale (1685) 2 Briskets, Luke Olives, Anchoves, Caveare, Neats Tongues [etc]. 1700 J. Petiver Musei Petiveriani viii. 66 Its about the bigness of a Lucca (Luke) Olive. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021). lukeadj. Brit. /luːk/, /ljuːk/, U.S. /luk/ Forms: Middle English lheuc, Middle English lewk(e, Middle English leuk(e, ( luk, 1500s Scottish luik), Middle English–1500s, 1800s luke. Etymology: The Middle English forms lheuc , leuk , and the modern pronunciation, appear to point to a derivation < Old English hléow lew adj.¹, perhaps through the medium of a verb hlíewcian : see luke v.Notwithstanding the resemblance in form and meaning, it seems impossible to connect the word etymologically with modern Dutch leuk* (pronounced /løk/) lukewarm, Low German lūk , luke , lök , tepid, weak, slack. See lukewarm adj. and n. Obsolete exc. dialect. 1. = lukewarm adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > warm > lukewarm wlakc897 lukec1275 lewc1300 flakec1400 flashc1400 lukewarmc1400 tepidc1400 luke-hota1425 lew-warmc1450 lukewarmed1540 lew-warmed1588 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13754 An-opened wes his breoste þa blod com forð luke. 13.. R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7481 (Harl.) Als a lewke bath nouther hate ne calde. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 149 In reward of which flamme oure fire is but lewk. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. iv. 61 Yf luk water hem biwepe They wole be grete. a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. ccxxviii^v/2 He dranke luke water. 1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxxii. 341 Let me have nine penn'orth o' brandy and water luke. 2. = lukewarm adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > lukewarm or lacking enthusiasm coolOE luke1340 tepid1513 lukewarmc1522 unearnest1542 spiritless1566 zeallessa1594 faint1596 unfiery1598 tepidous1607 Laodicean1633 heartless1636 unzealous1643 slight1660 unenthusiastic1805 teporous1821 coolish1850 ice-cool1891 demotivated1963 meh2007 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 He is fyeble and lheuc to alle guodes to done. 1388 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) Rev. iii. 16 Thou art lew [v.r. lewk] and nether cold, nether hoot. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 184 Thouȝ in ech chapel..may be ymagis of God and of Marie and of Seintis forto make bi hem sengil and leuke remembrauncis. c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. xxv. 37 The negligent religiose & þe leuke haþ tribulacion. Compounds luke-hearted adj. ΚΠ ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 54 I am so loik hertit. luke-hot adj. = lukewarm adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > having or communicating much heat > warm > lukewarm wlakc897 lukec1275 lewc1300 flakec1400 flashc1400 lukewarmc1400 tepidc1400 luke-hota1425 lew-warmc1450 lukewarmed1540 lew-warmed1588 a1425 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Pierpont Morgan) f. 218^v (MED) Oyle of almoundes..clenseþ & purgeþ quiter of eres yf it is leuke hoot [a1398 BL Add. luke, a1450 Bodl. wlache hote; L. tepidum] dropped þerin. c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 217 Mak alle þus lewk hot to geder. Derivatives † ˈlukely adv. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adverb] > lukewarmly or unenthusiastically lukely1340 faintlyc1440 slightly1599 with half a heart1600 heartlessly1606 lukewarmly1611 disaffectedly1646 half-heartedly1870 unzealously1871 tepidly1873 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Huanne þe man loueþ lite and lheucliche oure lhord, þet he ssolde louye bernindeliche. † ˈlukeness n. Obsolete ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [noun] > lukewarmness lukenessc1440 lukewarmness1573 lukewarmth1598 tepidity1656 tepor1657 the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > lukewarmness or lack of enthusiasm warmness1561 lukewarmness1573 coolnessa1586 lukeness1597 unzealousness1615 tepiditya1631 mambling1640 half-heartedness1670 lukewarmth1716 unfervency1787 tepidness1821 under-zeal1841 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 302/1 Lewkenesse, tepor. 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxx. 406 His lukenesse and neutralitie of dealing in his service did so much offende him. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † lukev. Forms: In Middle English lewk(e. Etymology: ? representing Old English hlíewcian , < hléow lew adj.¹; for the formation compare ieldcian to delay, < eald old, and gearcian to prepare, < gearo ready. The existence of such a verb in Old English must apparently be assumed in order to account for the formation of luke adj.; but the recorded verb may be a new formation on the adjective. Obsolete. rare. transitive. To make lukewarm. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > heat or make hot [verb (transitive)] > make lukewarm lukea1400 dollc1440 leepa1522 tepefy1656 chilla1825 a1400 Stockh. Med. MS. in Anglia XVIII. 314 Modir wort..Ȝif it be lewkyd with oyle of roset [cures fevers]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹1821n.²1483adj.c1275v.a1400
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