Low Dutchn.adj.

Brit.

/ˌləʊ ˈdʌtʃ/, U.S.

/ˌloʊ ˈdətʃ/

Forms: see low adj. and n.² and Dutch adj., n.¹, and adv.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; probably partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: low adj., Dutch n.¹, Dutch adj.

Etymology: As noun < low adj. + Dutch n.¹ As adjective < low adj. + Dutch adj. Probably at least in part after German niederdeutsch: see discussion at Low German n. Compare also Nether Dutch at nether adj. 4a.Compare the following earlier example of Base Dutch (compare base adj. and Middle French, French bas allemand Low German (mid 16th cent. or earlier)):a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (?1555) xiii. sig. F.iii Who so that wyl lerne to speke some base doche. Englysh fyrst and doche doth folowe.

Now chiefly historical.

A. n.

1. = Low German n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > Low German

Dutchc1380

Low Dutch1567

Plattdeutsch1677

Low German1736

Platt1814

1567 T. Stapleton Counterblast iv. ix. f. 472 Almost al other tongues in Europa, namelie the Frenche, the Italian, the Spaynishe, the highe and lowe Dutche.

1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. xv. 140 They [sc. Dutchmen and Germans] speake all one language, either high or Low-Dutch.

1682 R. Ware Foxes & Firebrands: Pt. II 11 in J. Nalson Foxes & Firebrands (new ed.) Translated out of Low-Dutch.

1711 R. Watts Duty & Manner of propagating Gospel 16 In the Preface they say, That it had been in French, High-Dutch, and Low-Dutch.

1764 T. Harmer Observ. Passages Script. Pref. 8 Egmont's and Heyman's Travels..translated from the Low Dutch.

1815 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 436 Add to this the cant language of the gypsies and smugglers, and the low Dutch of Dirk Hatteraick, and a great part of the dialogue [in Guy Mannering] must be mere gibberish to the majority of readers.

1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue Introd. 16 The Saxons were a border people, and spoke a Low Dutch strongly impregnated with Scandinavian associations.

1914 R. Johnson Clash of Nations x. 322 The great country of Flanders spoke Low Dutch.

1936 E. C. Llewellyn (title) The influence of low Dutch on the English vocabulary.

2005 W. Struve in T. Adam Germany & Americas 287/2 The English language did not distinguish Netherlanders from other speakers of ‘Low Dutch’, except by specifying the province, locality, or region.

†2. The people of the Netherlands collectively; the Dutch (esp. as distinguished from the Germans). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of the Low Countries > [noun] > the Dutch

Low Dutchman1576

the Dutch1577

Low Dutch1592

Flounderkina1668

Batavian1876

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G3^v The Germaines and lowe Dutch,..should bee continually kept moyst with the foggie ayre and stincking mystes that arise out of theyr fennie soyle.

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xv. 192 The Italians pride is in his Neapolitan Courser: the Germanes and low Dutch to be dawbed with gold and pearle.

1708 J. Hog Otia Christiana iii. 46 The Day (as the Low Dutch have it) hath enough of its own evil.

1745 Present State Holland vi. 261/2 The English and the Nether or Low Dutch (are) the same Folk and same Nation.

3. U.S.

a. Any of the dialects of the descendants of Dutch settlers in North America. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1748 D. Zeisberger & J. M. Mack Jrnl. 11 July in Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. (1892) 16 431 In the evening we were visited by a number of Indians, Shawnee and Cayugas, among the latter one who spoke Low Dutch, from near Albany.

1779 in New Jersey Archives 2nd Ser. III. 610 Run away..a negroe man..talks good English and Low Dutch.

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iv. vii. 260 Letter after letter..[in] bad Latin, worse English, and hideous low dutch, were exhausted in vain upon the inexorable Yankees.

1921 R. W. Chambers Little Red Foot xxx. 349 A..neighbour of ours..came in and shouted out in low Dutch : ‘Laat de vervlukten rabble starven!’

2009 N. van der Sijs Cookies, Coleslaw & Stoops i. 36 The Low Dutch spoken in these two areas [of New York] is called Jersey Dutch and Mohawk Dutch, respectively. The last native speakers were probably born between 1860 and 1880.

b. With plural agreement. Dutch settlers or their descendants in North America, regarded collectively. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin

American1648

African1700

High Dutch1773

Low Dutch1773

German-American1775

African American1782

Anglo-American1785

Irish-American1786

Africo-American1788

American African1826

Pennsylvania German1827

Pennsylvania Dutch1831

Afro-American1833

far-downer1834

Mexicano1847

knickerbocker1848

Chinese-American1854

Italian–American1873

Polish-American1876

Polacker1883

roundhead1895

hunk1896

Polack1898

Senegambian1900

bohunk1903

honky1904

hunyak1911

Turk1914

boho1920

Anglo1923

Euro-American1925

turkey1932

narrowback1933

nisei1934

roundheader1934

pachuco1943

pocho1944

Latino1946

Chicano1947

Mexican-American1948

Asian American1952

Amerasian1957

Chicana1966

Afrikan1972

Hispanic1972

1773 F. Asbury Jrnl. 4 Apr. (1852) I. 70 There are several places of Divine worship: the Episcopalians have three; the High Dutch, one; the Low Dutch, three.

1803 Monthly Mag. Sept. 123/1 The state of New York..receives a multitude of Germans, (as all the High and Low Dutch are indiscriminately called).

1882 W. E. Roscoe Hist. Schoharie County, N.Y. xiv. 200/2 The Low Dutch found here..were more business men than the Germans. The latter..knew but little of transacting business, while with the Low Dutch it was the reverse.

1922 W. W. Scott Hist. Passaic & Environs I. 2 The Low Dutch, or Hollanders, were the first settlers in all but Garfield, nearly all of whose first white men were Englishmen.

2003 L. M. Voreis Our Low Dutch Heritage x. 284 Given the uncertainty through which they had survived for the previous 30 years, it was not surprising that many Low Dutch were attracted to the security and social aspects of a communal lifestyle [sc. that of the Shakers].

4. Cape Dutch or Afrikaans, as distinguished from standard Netherlands Dutch. Now historical. [Translating Afrikaans Laaghollands.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner

Hollander1699

Afrikaner1820

Afrikander1822

Cape Dutch1826

trek Boer1835

Low Dutch1900

trek-farmer1912

Boer1956

boertjie1956

1900 Kruger's Secret Service 158 He suddenly ejaculated ‘Footsack’..(a low Dutch word, meaning ‘Get out, you cur,’ and generally applied to a dog).

1908 East London Daily Dispatch (S. Afr.) 20 Oct. 4 I have always regarded (high) Dutch as my mother tongue and Africaans (low Dutch) as a hodge-pot sort of a language.

2009 R. Holmes Afr. Queen 62 Sir William Garrow..confirmed that..Saartjie understood ‘Low Dutch’ (Afrikaans).

B. adj.

1. Of or relating to the low-lying coastal regions of northwestern Europe; esp. of or relating to the Netherlands. Also: of or relating to Low Dutch (sense A. 1).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Low Countries > [adjective] > Netherlands or Holland

Netherlandish1593

Belgic1595

Low Dutch1597

Netherlandian1602

Hollandish1611

Netherlandic1863

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > High or Low German

High Dutch1574

Low Dutch1597

High German1660

Low German1660

Pennsylvania German1866

1597 Ansuuere by States vnto Ambassador of Polonia 7 The same euer hath beene permitted and free for the free nation of the Lowe Dutch Countries.

1631 tr. Suppressing Assembly Pretended Shee-Iesuites (title page) Translated out of the Low-dutch Coppie, Printed at Bruxells.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 284 It is called..field Cipresse after the low Dutch name Velt Cypres.

1665 B. Gerbier Subsidium Peregrinantibus ii. 20 Passing through those Low Dutch Territories as may satisfie his sight.

1718 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher I. Author's Epist. p. ii I write in the Low Dutch tongue, to the End that I may be more useful to my own Country-Men.

1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xix. 78 The other public employments are chiefly..One sworn overseer of weights and measures..Three Low-Dutch clergymen.

1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue Introd. 6 Round about these in a broken curve are found the representatives of the Low Dutch family.

1991 T. Dunlap tr. J. Bumke Courtly Culture ii. 95 It is..unclear whether the German text is based directly on the French work or whether a Low Dutch version should be placed between them.

2. U.S. Designating the descendants of Dutch settlers in the United States; of or relating to these people or the dialects spoken by them. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [adjective] > by country of origin

African1722

American1761

Low Dutch1774

Pennsylvania Dutch1792

Anglo-American1797

Irish-American1820

Africo-American1825

American African1826

Afro-American1831

Polish-American1850

Chinese-American1854

Italian–American1854

Russo-American1878

African American1885

Senegambian1911

Afrikan1929

Mexican-American1948

Asian American1950

Amerasian1965

Chicano1966

Anglo1968

Tejano1978

1774 F. Asbury Jrnl. 29 Sept. (1852) I. 126 I visited Second River, where a number of Low-Dutch people attended the word [sc. the service].

1780 N.Y. Gaz. 17 July A small Township, in New Jersey... The Inhabitants are chiefly Low Dutch.

1812 G. A. Thompson Geogr. & Hist. Dict. Amer. & W. Indies I. 28/1 The public buildings are, a low Dutch church,..one for Germans or High Dutch, and one for Methodists.

1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers (1825) I. viii. 107 The Germans, or ‘High Dutchers’, as they were called, to distinguish them from the original or Low Dutch colonists.

1882 W. E. Roscoe Hist. Schoharie County, N.Y. v. 67/2 It must be remembered that it [sc. a newspaper article] is written in low Dutch brogue.

1916 Contributions Museum Amer. Indian 2 6 The quality of land [that was] so highly prized by the Low-Dutch settlers.

2003 L. M. Voreis (title) Our Low Dutch heritage.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	low dutch
释义	Low Dutchn.adj. Brit. /ˌləʊ ˈdʌtʃ/, U.S. /ˌloʊ ˈdətʃ/ Forms: see low adj. and n.² and Dutch adj., n.¹, and adv. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; probably partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: low adj., Dutch n.¹, Dutch adj. Etymology: As noun < low adj. + Dutch n.¹ As adjective < low adj. + Dutch adj. Probably at least in part after German niederdeutsch: see discussion at Low German n. Compare also Nether Dutch at nether adj. 4a.Compare the following earlier example of Base Dutch (compare base adj. and Middle French, French bas allemand Low German (mid 16th cent. or earlier)):a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (?1555) xiii. sig. F.iii Who so that wyl lerne to speke some base doche. Englysh fyrst and doche doth folowe. Now chiefly historical. A. n. 1. = Low German n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > Low German Dutchc1380 Low Dutch1567 Plattdeutsch1677 Low German1736 Platt1814 1567 T. Stapleton Counterblast iv. ix. f. 472 Almost al other tongues in Europa, namelie the Frenche, the Italian, the Spaynishe, the highe and lowe Dutche. 1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. xv. 140 They [sc. Dutchmen and Germans] speake all one language, either high or Low-Dutch. 1682 R. Ware Foxes & Firebrands: Pt. II 11 in J. Nalson Foxes & Firebrands (new ed.) Translated out of Low-Dutch. 1711 R. Watts Duty & Manner of propagating Gospel 16 In the Preface they say, That it had been in French, High-Dutch, and Low-Dutch. 1764 T. Harmer Observ. Passages Script. Pref. 8 Egmont's and Heyman's Travels..translated from the Low Dutch. 1815 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 436 Add to this the cant language of the gypsies and smugglers, and the low Dutch of Dirk Hatteraick, and a great part of the dialogue [in Guy Mannering] must be mere gibberish to the majority of readers. 1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue Introd. 16 The Saxons were a border people, and spoke a Low Dutch strongly impregnated with Scandinavian associations. 1914 R. Johnson Clash of Nations x. 322 The great country of Flanders spoke Low Dutch. 1936 E. C. Llewellyn (title) The influence of low Dutch on the English vocabulary. 2005 W. Struve in T. Adam Germany & Americas 287/2 The English language did not distinguish Netherlanders from other speakers of ‘Low Dutch’, except by specifying the province, locality, or region. †2. The people of the Netherlands collectively; the Dutch (esp. as distinguished from the Germans). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > native or inhabitant of the Low Countries > [noun] > the Dutch Low Dutchman1576 the Dutch1577 Low Dutch1592 Flounderkina1668 Batavian1876 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. G3^v The Germaines and lowe Dutch,..should bee continually kept moyst with the foggie ayre and stincking mystes that arise out of theyr fennie soyle. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xv. 192 The Italians pride is in his Neapolitan Courser: the Germanes and low Dutch to be dawbed with gold and pearle. 1708 J. Hog Otia Christiana iii. 46 The Day (as the Low Dutch have it) hath enough of its own evil. 1745 Present State Holland vi. 261/2 The English and the Nether or Low Dutch (are) the same Folk and same Nation. 3. U.S. a. Any of the dialects of the descendants of Dutch settlers in North America. Now historical. ΚΠ 1748 D. Zeisberger & J. M. Mack Jrnl. 11 July in Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. (1892) 16 431 In the evening we were visited by a number of Indians, Shawnee and Cayugas, among the latter one who spoke Low Dutch, from near Albany. 1779 in New Jersey Archives 2nd Ser. III. 610 Run away..a negroe man..talks good English and Low Dutch. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. I. iv. vii. 260 Letter after letter..[in] bad Latin, worse English, and hideous low dutch, were exhausted in vain upon the inexorable Yankees. 1921 R. W. Chambers Little Red Foot xxx. 349 A..neighbour of ours..came in and shouted out in low Dutch : ‘Laat de vervlukten rabble starven!’ 2009 N. van der Sijs Cookies, Coleslaw & Stoops i. 36 The Low Dutch spoken in these two areas [of New York] is called Jersey Dutch and Mohawk Dutch, respectively. The last native speakers were probably born between 1860 and 1880. b. With plural agreement. Dutch settlers or their descendants in North America, regarded collectively. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin American1648 African1700 High Dutch1773 Low Dutch1773 German-American1775 African American1782 Anglo-American1785 Irish-American1786 Africo-American1788 American African1826 Pennsylvania German1827 Pennsylvania Dutch1831 Afro-American1833 far-downer1834 Mexicano1847 knickerbocker1848 Chinese-American1854 Italian–American1873 Polish-American1876 Polacker1883 roundhead1895 hunk1896 Polack1898 Senegambian1900 bohunk1903 honky1904 hunyak1911 Turk1914 boho1920 Anglo1923 Euro-American1925 turkey1932 narrowback1933 nisei1934 roundheader1934 pachuco1943 pocho1944 Latino1946 Chicano1947 Mexican-American1948 Asian American1952 Amerasian1957 Chicana1966 Afrikan1972 Hispanic1972 1773 F. Asbury Jrnl. 4 Apr. (1852) I. 70 There are several places of Divine worship: the Episcopalians have three; the High Dutch, one; the Low Dutch, three. 1803 Monthly Mag. Sept. 123/1 The state of New York..receives a multitude of Germans, (as all the High and Low Dutch are indiscriminately called). 1882 W. E. Roscoe Hist. Schoharie County, N.Y. xiv. 200/2 The Low Dutch found here..were more business men than the Germans. The latter..knew but little of transacting business, while with the Low Dutch it was the reverse. 1922 W. W. Scott Hist. Passaic & Environs I. 2 The Low Dutch, or Hollanders, were the first settlers in all but Garfield, nearly all of whose first white men were Englishmen. 2003 L. M. Voreis Our Low Dutch Heritage x. 284 Given the uncertainty through which they had survived for the previous 30 years, it was not surprising that many Low Dutch were attracted to the security and social aspects of a communal lifestyle [sc. that of the Shakers]. 4. Cape Dutch or Afrikaans, as distinguished from standard Netherlands Dutch. Now historical. [Translating Afrikaans Laaghollands.] ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of Southern Africa > [noun] > Afrikaner Hollander1699 Afrikaner1820 Afrikander1822 Cape Dutch1826 trek Boer1835 Low Dutch1900 trek-farmer1912 Boer1956 boertjie1956 1900 Kruger's Secret Service 158 He suddenly ejaculated ‘Footsack’..(a low Dutch word, meaning ‘Get out, you cur,’ and generally applied to a dog). 1908 East London Daily Dispatch (S. Afr.) 20 Oct. 4 I have always regarded (high) Dutch as my mother tongue and Africaans (low Dutch) as a hodge-pot sort of a language. 2009 R. Holmes Afr. Queen 62 Sir William Garrow..confirmed that..Saartjie understood ‘Low Dutch’ (Afrikaans). B. adj. 1. Of or relating to the low-lying coastal regions of northwestern Europe; esp. of or relating to the Netherlands. Also: of or relating to Low Dutch (sense A. 1). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > Low Countries > [adjective] > Netherlands or Holland Netherlandish1593 Belgic1595 Low Dutch1597 Netherlandian1602 Hollandish1611 Netherlandic1863 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > German > High or Low German High Dutch1574 Low Dutch1597 High German1660 Low German1660 Pennsylvania German1866 1597 Ansuuere by States vnto Ambassador of Polonia 7 The same euer hath beene permitted and free for the free nation of the Lowe Dutch Countries. 1631 tr. Suppressing Assembly Pretended Shee-Iesuites (title page) Translated out of the Low-dutch Coppie, Printed at Bruxells. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 284 It is called..field Cipresse after the low Dutch name Velt Cypres. 1665 B. Gerbier Subsidium Peregrinantibus ii. 20 Passing through those Low Dutch Territories as may satisfie his sight. 1718 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher I. Author's Epist. p. ii I write in the Low Dutch tongue, to the End that I may be more useful to my own Country-Men. 1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xix. 78 The other public employments are chiefly..One sworn overseer of weights and measures..Three Low-Dutch clergymen. 1871 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue Introd. 6 Round about these in a broken curve are found the representatives of the Low Dutch family. 1991 T. Dunlap tr. J. Bumke Courtly Culture ii. 95 It is..unclear whether the German text is based directly on the French work or whether a Low Dutch version should be placed between them. 2. U.S. Designating the descendants of Dutch settlers in the United States; of or relating to these people or the dialects spoken by them. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [adjective] > by country of origin African1722 American1761 Low Dutch1774 Pennsylvania Dutch1792 Anglo-American1797 Irish-American1820 Africo-American1825 American African1826 Afro-American1831 Polish-American1850 Chinese-American1854 Italian–American1854 Russo-American1878 African American1885 Senegambian1911 Afrikan1929 Mexican-American1948 Asian American1950 Amerasian1965 Chicano1966 Anglo1968 Tejano1978 1774 F. Asbury Jrnl. 29 Sept. (1852) I. 126 I visited Second River, where a number of Low-Dutch people attended the word [sc. the service]. 1780 N.Y. Gaz. 17 July A small Township, in New Jersey... The Inhabitants are chiefly Low Dutch. 1812 G. A. Thompson Geogr. & Hist. Dict. Amer. & W. Indies I. 28/1 The public buildings are, a low Dutch church,..one for Germans or High Dutch, and one for Methodists. 1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers (1825) I. viii. 107 The Germans, or ‘High Dutchers’, as they were called, to distinguish them from the original or Low Dutch colonists. 1882 W. E. Roscoe Hist. Schoharie County, N.Y. v. 67/2 It must be remembered that it [sc. a newspaper article] is written in low Dutch brogue. 1916 Contributions Museum Amer. Indian 2 6 The quality of land [that was] so highly prized by the Low-Dutch settlers. 2003 L. M. Voreis (title) Our Low Dutch heritage. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1567
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