| 单词 | lord of the flies |
| 释义 | > as lemmasLord of the Flies Phrases P1. Phrases relating to a master, leader, proprietor, etc. a. lord and master. (a) Often in plural. A person or (occasionally) thing with power, control, or pre-eminence over another or others; a superior. Formerly often with reference to Christ or God. In later use ironic or with pejorative connotations. ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. xi. 476 In þese twelue housis..þe seuen planetis ben lordis and maistris [L. dominantur]. a1400 (?a1325) Medit. on Supper of our Lord (Harl.) (1875) l. 1082 Wo me..Me shameþ to loke, For þat y my swete lorde and mayster forsoke. a1450 ( Libel Eng. Policy (Laud) in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 201 Henry the fifte..wolde have be Lorde and master aboute the rounde see. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) li. 172 Of late I haue lost my goode lorde and mayster. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. bjv Stoope Englande stoope, and learne to knowe thy lorde and master. 1611 S. Veghelman tr. J. de L'Espine Three Godly Treat. 195 Hee is Lord and Master..; Hee is your Creator. 1694 C. Norwood Divine Eloquence 111 They were the lords and masters over them. 1703 G. Farquhar Twin-rivals iv. 45 Here I am Lord and Master without your Resignation. a1789 W. Adams Serm. (1790) xv. 311 To tread in the steps of our Lord and Master; to resemble even God himself. 1846 Spirit of Times 4 July 218/2 A cookie who was lord and master of the culinary department. 1887 ‘Zamiel’ Eleven-twelfths Alloy 27 The injustice, meanness, toadyism and corruption of our Lords and Masters. 1975 P. Harcourt Fair Exchange ii. 121 ‘You're a Counsellor, a senior official..what advice would you give?’..‘I can't see our lords and masters asking me.’ 2010 Irish Independent (Nexis) 2 Aug. Media coverage..was based on a cosy consensus that our lords and masters knew best. (b) A husband. In later use ironic or humorous. ΚΠ 1665 R. Verney Let. 5 June in M. M. Verney Mem. (1899) IV. iv. 122 Peg Gardner saw your Lord and Master with some gentlemen in Parke. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 251 Your Lord and Master came in very moody. 1797 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Wife III. xiv. 261 This had been one of her Lord and master's rambling days. 1816 J. Austen Emma III. xvi. 300 I am waiting for my 1864 C. M. Yonge Trial I. vii. 126 She was not going to be one of the womankind sitting up in a row till their lords and masters should be pleased to want them! 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 609 The erring fair one begging forgiveness of her lord and master. 1961 A. Wilson Old Men at Zoo viii. 343 And as to your wife,..exercise the droit de seigneur. You're her lord and master. 2015 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 28 Jan. Apparently her new lord and master does not appreciate how much it costs to keep her looking this good. b. Lord of the Isles n. [compare post-classical Latin dominus insularum (14th cent. in a Scottish source)] a member of the Scottish nobility with lordship over the Western Isles of Scotland (chiefly historical); (later) an honorific title given to the eldest son and heir apparent of the Scottish monarch and, since the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain, to the Prince of Wales.In 1462, the then Lord of the Isles, John MacDonald II made a secret treaty with King Edward IV of England to overthrow the Scottish king. When this was discovered in 1493, he forfeited his titles and the larger part of his estates to James IV of Scotland. The title ‘Lord of the Isles’ has been purely honorific since that time. ΚΠ 1408 in J. Slater Early Scots Texts (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinb.) (1952) No. 68 That the lord of the Ilys haffis tak of the Erll of Mureff. 1513 in R. K. Hannay Acts Lords of Council Public Affairs (1932) 7 Forsamekle as Lauchlane McClane of Dowald..has..maid ane lord of the Iles tending to usurp the kingis properte in tha partis. 1667 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1916) II. 18 The heretrix married the Lord of the Isles, for quhilk he acclamed the Earldome. 1767 W. Guthrie Gen. Hist. Scotl. II. 391 The capital forts in the highlands were in the hands of Baliol's followers, particularly the lord of the Isles. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 460 The Macdonalds, Lords of the Isles..who claimed to be Kings as well as Chieftains. 1898 M. Belloc Lowndes HRH Prince of Wales iv. 47 The titles under which the Prince was sworn being those of Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Rothesay, and Lord of the Isles. 1982 P. Somerset Fry & F. Somerset Fry Hist. Scotl. viii. 116 Like most of his predecessors, James had confrontations with the Highland chiefs, especially the lord of the Isles. 2001 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 13 June (Features section) 14 The royal train carrying the Duke of Rothesay, Lord of the Isles, who is sometimes known as Prince Charles, to the first of his Scottish engagements. ΚΠ 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 27 Als fre I am in this regioun to ryng Lord off myn awne, as enir was prince or king. a1500 Ratis Raving (Cambr. Kk.1.5) l. 1379 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 39 Ay the eldar that þow bee, The mar the vyce [sc. covetousness] encouerys the, and makis the bot a kepar knawin quhar þow suld lord be of thin awin. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aii*v To mak you lord of your avne me think it grete skill. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 128 To mak me lord of my awin. d. lord of the manor. (a) A feudal superior; an owner of a manor (now somewhat rare). Later more generally: an owner of a large house or estate. Now also in to play (also act) the lord of the manor: to behave in a grand, overbearing, or proprietorial manner.Feudal lordships of the manor consist of three elements: a title, a manor house or land, and certain rights granted to the holder; these elements can exist separately or in combination. Lordships of this kind are a remnant of feudalism but exist in current property law. Especially since the mid 20th cent. many titles have been purchased to which property and rights are no longer attached; these are known as incorporeal hereditament. Any rights attached to titles have lapsed unless registered in the Land Registration Act of 2002. [Compare post-classical Latin dominus manerii lord of a (particular) manor (from 1086 in British sources), Anglo-Norman seignur del maner (c1292 or earlier). Compare earlier landlord n.] ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > tenure of property > one who has tenure > [noun] > (feudal) superior lordOE superior1472 lord of the manor1528 lord of the soil1594 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) ii. f. xiiv If..a straunger brynge a precipe quod reddat agaynst the lorde of the manour [Fr. le seignior del manor] and recoueryth the manour agaynst hym..the tenaunte shall ones agayne do homage. 1593 J. Adames Order of Keeping Court Leete sig. E3v Note that all the vacant and waste land within the Manour, is to the Lord of the Manour. 1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue iii. 110 Hath the Lord of the Mannor any peculiar fishing within any river. 1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 221 Upon the petition of Messire Robert,..Lord of the Mannour of the upper and lower Cocherel, wee have this day come to the sayd town of Cocherel. 1718 W. Wood Surv. Trade 309 It is most strange and unaccountable Policy in many Lords of Mannors. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. xii. 387 All lords of manors, or barons, that held of the king in capite, had seats in the great council. 1830 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 96/1 The lord of the manor has no more right than the pauper of the poor-house, to the land which he undoubtedly does own. 1858 W. Arnot Laws from Heaven 2nd Ser. xxix. 237 At that moment the lord of the manor passed by. 1933 Irish Times 27 Dec. 8/3 They were going to shoot at Hawridge Court, near Chesham, where Matthews was Lord of the Manor. 1955 Listener 24 Nov. 903/1 He acted the Lord of the Manor..but most emphatically never lost the common touch. 1973 Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pa.) 19 Apr. 21/3 She's mentally and physically exhausted, and then you come home and play lord of the manor. 1998 Guardian 26 Sept. e15/1 The lord of the manor's right to hold fairs on the land..may conflict with [the interests]..of a would-be buyer. 2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 44 Water mills..were originally in the hands of either the Lord of the Manor or the local monastery. (b) Rhyming slang for a tanner (tanner n.2). Occasionally in the contracted form lord. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > sixpence tester1560 half-shilling1561 teston1577 mill sixpence1592 crinklepouch1593 sixpencea1616 testrila1616 piga1640 sice1660 Simon1699 sow's-baby1699 kick1725 cripple1785 grunter1785 tilbury1796 tizzy1804 tanner1811 bender1836 lord of the manor1839 snid1839 sprat1839 fiddler1846 sixpenny bit or piece1897 zac1898 sprasey1905 1839 H. Brandon Dict. Flash or Cant Lang. in W. A. Miles Poverty, Mendicity & Crime 163/2 Lord of the manor, sixpence. 1882 Sydney Slang Dict. 5/2 Lord of the Manor, sixpence. 1933 Times Lit. Suppl. 16 Nov. 782/1 Twenty years ago you might hear a sixpence described as a ‘Lord’ meaning ‘Lord of the Manor’; that is, a tanner. 1972 Lebende Sprachen 17 8/3 Lord of the Manor, tanner (old sixpence). e. lord of oneself: master of one's own demeanour or conduct; (also) controller of one's own fortunes or future. ΚΠ 1570 T. Blundeville tr. F. Furio Ceriol Very Briefe Profitable Treat. sig. L.1 For hee..is Lorde of himselfe, and therfore the more able to prouide a ready remedy for a soden mischiefe [no corresponding sentence in the Italian original]. 1674 W. Charleton Nat. Hist. Passions 93 That in truth renders us in some sort like unto God Almighty, by making us Lords of ourselves. 1727 W. Somervile Occas. Poems 146 I live, and reign, Lord of myself. 1832 Bouquet 5 May 185/3 He was now lord of himself, and master of an ample fortune. 1850 W. Wordsworth Prelude xi. 305 Lord of himself, in undisturbed delight—A noble aspiration! 1916 K. Tynan John-a-dreams xiv. 169 What was coming to her in this old country that she..who had been ‘Lord of herself’ since she was in the nursery..should be learning shyness and self-consciousness? 2004 T. Guest My Life in Orange (2005) vi. 86 We were each given three names. The first was always the same: ‘Swami’—meaning ‘Lord of Oneself’—for the men. f. ΚΠ 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ss4/2 Lord in grosse..is he that is lord hauing noe maner, as the king in respect of his crown. 1652 W. Hughes tr. A. Fitzherbert New Natura Brevium 11 Lands holden..meerly of the King as of his Crown, who is a Lord in gros (because it is holden of him who is always King). g. lords of (the) creation n. (occasionally in singular) men as opposed to women; (now also) those entitled or able to exercise power or control over other people, the natural world, etc., or who act with a sense of such entitlement. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] > men collectively wapman-kinc1175 manc1300 menkinda1470 mankind1526 manhood1588 mens-kind1592 the sterner (alsobetter, rougher, stronger) sex1608 lords of creation1649 menfolk1749 masculinity1860 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > one who is important > others micklea1300 personagec1485 Triton1589 Jovian1598 gallimaufry1600 lords of creation1649 man of destiny1827 mugwump1828 man of the moment1837 history-maker1848 1649 W. Everard et al. True Levellers Standard Adv. 17 The Earth is the Lords, that is, Mans, who is Lord of the Creation. 1688 A. Behn Lycidus 16 Those faithless Slaves, which Heaven first made to obey the Lords of the Creation. 1744 J. Hobart in Lett. Countess Suffolk (1824) II. 207 I almost loved woman for her sake, and thought..they might attain to a sagacity equal to that of the lords of the creation. 1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl II. x. 189 'Tis really a mighty silly thing for a lord of the creation..to take up his residence in a boarding house..where there are pretty women. 1849 Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper 27 May 9/3 The horses were being freshened up with hay and water, and coaxed into another super-quadrupedal effort on behalf of the lords of the creation. 1853 E. Clacy Lady's Visit Gold Diggings Austral. xvi. 255 The absence of so many of ‘the lords of creation’ in pursuit of what they value..more than all the women in the world—nuggets. 1902 Sat. Rev. 17 May 628/1 We are going to be more than ever lords of creation, navigate the heavens as easily as we do the waters. 1961 W. M. Watt Muhammad iii. 59 The influential merchants of Mecca..were not the lords of creation they thought they were. 2013 Sc. Express (Nexis) 16 Sept. 23 The swaggering Lords of Creation covered Vietnam peasants with Agent Orange. h. lord and lady n. (also lord and lady duck) North American regional (chiefly Newfoundland and New England) the harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus; a pair of such ducks; (in plural lords and ladies) such ducks of both sexes or irrespective of sex; cf. A. 16 and lady n. 13. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > histrionicus histrionicus (harlequin duck) rock duck1704 lord and lady1766 harlequin1772 mountain duck1831 1766 J. Banks Diary 1 Sept. in A. M. Lysaght J. Banks in Newfoundland & Labrador (1971) 139 The People here tell a remarkable Fact if it is a true one of a Kind of duck Cald here Lords & Ladies..who they say at times Pursue the Gulls whom they Persecute till they make them Dung which they catch with great dexterity before it reaches the water & immediately Leave off the Chace. 1770 G. Cartwright Jrnl. Resid. Coast Labrador 29 July (1792) I. 20 I shot four eider ducks, and seven lords and ladies. 1836 E. Wix Six Months of Newfoundland Missionary's Jrnl. 162 I had a fine view of a patch fox in my walk, saw several seals, and some of those very beautiful birds, called by the people of Newfoundland ‘lords and ladies’. 1901 Birds & Nature 9 155/1 In the New England States and northward along the Atlantic coast it [sc. the Harlequin Duck] is frequently called the ‘Lord and Lady’, because of the white crescents and spots of its plumage and the proud bearing of the male. 1930 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. 1 32/2 The Harlequin Duck..is known to trappers and prospectors in the far west as ‘Lord and Lady Duck’. 1988 Defenders July 17/1 This is the one sometimes known as the mountain duck or rock duck, or in pairs as the lord and lady. 2010 Battleboro (Vermont) Reformer (Nexis) 20 Aug. In the pounding surf along the rocky coastline, ‘lords and ladies’ popped to the surface like so many cork bobbers. i. lord of all one surveys (and variants): a person who has complete power, control, or pre-eminence, esp. within a certain sphere or area; also in extended use.The phrase probably derives from W. Cowper: see quot. 1782 at monarch n.1 1b. ΚΠ 1818 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 173 The arrival of Dora, the daughter of this ‘lord of all he surveyed’. 1834 New Sporting Mag. Feb. 255/1 Living at my Club at the rate of £3,000 a year.., fancying myself lord of all I survey. 1881 London Jrnl. 19 Feb. 125/1 Elsie would remain at Stanmere, lord of all she surveyed. 1922 H. W. Myers Western Birds 298 If one may judge by the actions of the Western Mockingbird he feels that he is rightful lord of all he surveys. 1996 C. Higson Getting Rid of Mr Kitchen iv. 52 There I sat, lord of all I surveyed. The king in his castle, the dog in his kennel. P2. Phrases relating to or invoking God. a. (in) the year of our Lord (also †our Lord God, †our Lord's incarnation) and variants: = Anno Domini adv. and n.; (in) the year as dated from the birth of Christ. Now archaic and historical. [In in the year of our Lord God after post-classical Latin anno domini Anno Domini adv.] ΘΚΠ the world > time > reckoning of time > chronology > [noun] > period with own chronological system or era > particular year in Christian era year of gracec1325 (in) the year of our Lord (also our Lord God, our Lord's incarnation)1389 the year of Christc1392 Anno Dom.1438 year1482 anno1484 Anno Domini1485 the year of (our) redemption1513 A.D.1556 year of (man's) salvation1560 OE Royal Charter: Cnut to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 959) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1095 Ðeos landboc wæs gewriten on ðan þusende & ðri & twentehte gære fram ures hlauordes hælendes Cristes akennednesse [L. anno ab incarnatione domini nostri Iesu Christi].] 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 89 In ye ȝere of houre louerde a Thousande yre hundred sixti and seuene. c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 34 (MED) He decessid and was put to his fadres the ȝere of oure Lorde mclxxiiij. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 19 The day and the yeer of oure lord of my departyng from this wourld. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccviijv This was in the yere of our lordes blessed incarnacion.M.v.C.lxx. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 268 (margin) King Achai dies the ȝeir..of our Lourd 819. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. xi. 154 In the yeere of our Lord God, one thousand five hundred seaventy nine. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. x. iv. 1705 In the yeere of our Lord God 1567..their Citie was sacked by the foure Kings. 1688 H. Keepe True Narr. Finding Crucifix 6 On St. Barnaby's Day, In the Year of our Lords Incarnation One Thousand Six Hundred Eighty and Five..I met with two Friends. 1729 J. Lewis & H. Thomas Hist. Great-Brit. 32 Surnames began to be taken up in England, France and Scotland, about the Year of our Lord God One Thousand. 1774 F. Hopkinson (title) A pretty story written in the year of Our Lord 1774. 1838 S. Jefferson Hist. & Antiq. Carlisle 186 The first introduction of Christianity into this island..did not take place till about the year of our Lord, 200. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. v. 50 In or about the year of our Lord 1640..great estates in the north country were suddenly confiscated. 1966 W. Stechow Northern Renaissance Art 38 He settled down in Antwerp and there entered the painters' guild in the year of our Lord 1551. 2005 J. Weiner Goodnight Nobody xxii. 184 The Upchurch Town Hall, according to the plaque..in front of the building, had been built in the Year of Our Lord 1984. b. In collocation with mercy. (a) Lord have mercy (on us) and variants. [Compare post-classical Latin Domine miserere mei Lord have mercy on me, Domine miserere nobis Lord have mercy on us (Vulgate), and also Hellenistic Greek Κύριε ἐλέησον Lord have mercy (see Kyrie eleison n.)] (i) Used as a prayer or exhortation requesting mercy.This prayer was written on the doors of houses affected by the bubonic plague, esp. during the epidemic in London in 1665. ΚΠ a1250 Lofsong Louerde in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 217 Milzfule louerd haue merci of me. ?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 101 (MED) Louerde Crist, þou red vs rede, And of vs þou hab mercie. a1500 ( Vision E. Leversedge in Notes & Queries Somerset & Dorset (1905) 9 27 (MED) Lord, have mercy vpon me, the moost wikid synner of all the world. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 419 Write Lord haue mercie on vs, on those three. View more context for this quotation 1600 T. Nashe Summers Last Will sig. H I am sick, I must dye. Lord haue mercy on vs. 1638 R. West To Pious Memory T. Randolph in T. Randolph Poems sig. ***3 The Titles of their Satyrs fright some, more Then Lord have mercy writ upon a doore. 1665 Londons Lord have mercy upon us (single sheet) The Red Crosse still is us'd, as it hath bin. To shew they Christians are that are within: And Lord have mercy on us on the Door, Puts thee in mind, to pray for them therefore. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 194 He set the great Red Cross upon his Door with the words Lord Have Mercy Upon Us. ?1790 Adventures of Pin ii. 33 O Lord, have mercy upon me, and keep me from all such gentility say I. 1808 E. Sleath Bristol Heiress V. 159 There she died. Lord-a-mercy upon those that had a hand in such a business. 1857 Dwight's Jrnl. Music 8 Aug. 145/1 Some ass of a popular music manufacturer..made of the solemn: ‘Lord, have mercy upon us! Christ, have mercy upon us!’ a mere dance fit for a village festival. 1927 Sci. Monthly Dec. 513/1 The infected house was shut up with a large red cross and ‘Lord have mercy upon us’ painted on the door. 2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 97 And poor Edmund is gone. He was buried yesterday. May the Lord have mercy. (ii) Expressing surprise, dismay, etc. Also in Lord-a-mercy and other contracted forms (cf. God-a-mercy int. 1a). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection] whatOE well, wellOE avoyc1300 ouc1300 ay1340 lorda1393 ahaa1400 hillaa1400 whannowc1450 wow1513 why?1520 heydaya1529 ah1538 ah me!a1547 fore me!a1547 o me!a1547 what the (also a) goodyear1570 precious coals1576 Lord have mercy (on us)1581 good heavens1588 whau1589 coads1590 ay me!1591 my stars!a1593 Gods me1595 law1598 Godso1600 to go out1600 coads-nigs1608 for mercy!a1616 good stars!1615 mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616 gramercy1617 goodness1623 what next?1662 mon Dieu1665 heugh1668 criminy1681 Lawd1696 the dickens1697 (God, etc.) bless my heart1704 alackaday1705 (for) mercy's sake!1707 my1707 deuce1710 gracious1712 goodly and gracious1713 my word1722 my stars and garters!1758 lawka1774 losha1779 Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784 great guns!1795 mein Gott1795 Dear me!1805 fancy1813 well, I'm sure!1815 massy1817 Dear, dear!1818 to get off1818 laws1824 Mamma mia1824 by crikey1826 wisha1826 alleleu1829 crackey1830 Madonna mia1830 indeed1834 to go on1835 snakes1839 Jerusalem1840 sapristi1840 oh my days1841 tear and ages1841 what (why, etc.) in time?1844 sakes alive!1846 gee willikers1847 to get away1847 well, to be sure!1847 gee1851 Great Scott1852 holy mackerel!1855 doggone1857 lawsy1868 my wig(s)!1871 gee whiz1872 crimes1874 yoicks1881 Christmas1882 hully gee1895 'ullo1895 my hat!1899 good (also great) grief!1900 strike me pink!1902 oo-er1909 what do you know?1909 cripes1910 coo1911 zowiec1913 can you tie that?1918 hot diggety1924 yeow1924 ziggety1924 stone (or stiffen) the crows1930 hullo1931 tiens1932 whammo1932 po po po1936 how about that?1939 hallo1942 brother1945 tie that!1948 surprise1953 wowee1963 yikes1971 never1974 to sod off1976 whee1978 mercy1986 yipes1989 1581 T. Lupton Persuasion from Papistrie 293 The other with a starte, sayde Lorde haue mercie vppon me: wyth that Mawlden turned and sayd, what aylest thou Iohn? 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables ccxlvi. 213 'Tis not a Bare Lord have Mercy upon us, that will help the Cart out of the Mire. ?1780 Adventures Air Balloon (ed. 5) 6 It was with much ado that I prevailed on my father and mother... Lord a mercy on us! 1855 ‘W. Brooke’ Eastford vi. 60 What! a lady drownded!..Lord-a-massy! 1888 J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge I. iii. 49 Lord a mercy, is that how she talks? 1918 G. Moore Story-teller's Holiday xlvii. 284 But lord amassy, what time is it? 1990 P. Matthiessen Killing Mister Watson (1991) 205 O Lord-a-mercy—now why do some fool women do that, you suppose? (b) Lord have mercy (on me): a painful and dangerous intestinal illness; = ileus n. 1. Now historical and rare. [Apparently after post-classical Latin Domine miserere, lit. ‘Lord have mercy’, denoting a disease of the gut (early 16th cent. or earlier; attributed to Razi, 10th cent.; also miserere mei, lit. ‘have mercy on me’).] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of bowels or intestines > [noun] > obstruction or constriction iliac passion1519 iliac1542 rest1571 Lord have mercy (on me)1585 miserere mei1611 volvulus1679 ileus1706 miserere1755 typhlostenosis1890 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 433/2 Ileus..the Illiake passion, or a paine and wringing in the small guts, which the homelier sort of Phisicians doe call, Lorde haue mercy vpon me. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xx. xiii. 58 The torments of the small guts, commonly called the Iliake passion [Note] or, Domine miserere mei,..Lord have mercie upon me. a1836 R. Williams Medicine in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VII. 554/2 Popular opinion, which has termed this disease ‘Lord have mercy upon us’, seems to consider it entirely beyond the powers of medicine. 2010 D. Mitchell 1,000 Autumns Jacob de Voet (2011) i. 71 Death by intussusception, or..‘shitting out your own intestines’... Its Latin name is miserere mei, translatable as ‘Lord have mercy’. c. Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.): expressing surprise, reproach, etc. [Compare God bless me! at bless v.1 9a.] ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection] whatOE well, wellOE avoyc1300 ouc1300 ay1340 lorda1393 ahaa1400 hillaa1400 whannowc1450 wow1513 why?1520 heydaya1529 ah1538 ah me!a1547 fore me!a1547 o me!a1547 what the (also a) goodyear1570 precious coals1576 Lord have mercy (on us)1581 good heavens1588 whau1589 coads1590 ay me!1591 my stars!a1593 Gods me1595 law1598 Godso1600 to go out1600 coads-nigs1608 for mercy!a1616 good stars!1615 mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616 gramercy1617 goodness1623 what next?1662 mon Dieu1665 heugh1668 criminy1681 Lawd1696 the dickens1697 (God, etc.) bless my heart1704 alackaday1705 (for) mercy's sake!1707 my1707 deuce1710 gracious1712 goodly and gracious1713 my word1722 my stars and garters!1758 lawka1774 losha1779 Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784 great guns!1795 mein Gott1795 Dear me!1805 fancy1813 well, I'm sure!1815 massy1817 Dear, dear!1818 to get off1818 laws1824 Mamma mia1824 by crikey1826 wisha1826 alleleu1829 crackey1830 Madonna mia1830 indeed1834 to go on1835 snakes1839 Jerusalem1840 sapristi1840 oh my days1841 tear and ages1841 what (why, etc.) in time?1844 sakes alive!1846 gee willikers1847 to get away1847 well, to be sure!1847 gee1851 Great Scott1852 holy mackerel!1855 doggone1857 lawsy1868 my wig(s)!1871 gee whiz1872 crimes1874 yoicks1881 Christmas1882 hully gee1895 'ullo1895 my hat!1899 good (also great) grief!1900 strike me pink!1902 oo-er1909 what do you know?1909 cripes1910 coo1911 zowiec1913 can you tie that?1918 hot diggety1924 yeow1924 ziggety1924 stone (or stiffen) the crows1930 hullo1931 tiens1932 whammo1932 po po po1936 how about that?1939 hallo1942 brother1945 tie that!1948 surprise1953 wowee1963 yikes1971 never1974 to sod off1976 whee1978 mercy1986 yipes1989 1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 81 O Lord blesse me, I pray God, for I am neuer able to deale with my maister. 1698 Fatal Discov. iii. 17 Lord bless me; it would be very hard indeed if the Husband did not know all. 1778 C. Reeve Old Eng. Baron 78 Lord bless you, what a fine youth you be grown! 1784 H. Walpole Let. 8 June (1858) VIII. 480 Mr. Conway wonders why I do not talk of Voltaire's ‘Memoirs’. Lord bless me! I saw it two months ago. 1832 F. A. Butler Jrnl. 31 Aug. (1835) I. 41 Lord bless us! what foul nonsense people do talk. 1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood ix. 62 ‘Lord bless me!’ cried Mr. Grewgious. ‘Thank you, my dear!’ 1941 Rotarian Feb. 3/1 ‘Lord, bless us,’ they said; ‘we look so old and wrinkled!’ 2009 Decatur (Alabama) Daily (Nexis) 10 Aug. ‘The first day of school, Lord bless me,’ she said. ‘I'm excited, but very nervous.’ d. by the Lord (God): expressing surprise, affirmation, etc. Now archaic. [Compare earlier by God at god n. and int. Phrases 3a.] ΚΠ 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 6 By the Lord this Loue is as madd as Aiax, it kills Sheepe. View more context for this quotation a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Four Plays in One in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ffffffff3v By the Lord, sweet Lord, and By my soul..nothing could stave him off. 1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding iii. ii. 34 I will phlebotomize ye all with my rapier, by the Lord, if you offer to draw a lancet on him. 1825 ‘E. Hardcastle’ 29th May II. vi. 82 ‘This I suppose is the last act of the final scene of annus mirabilis—the glorious sixteen hundred and sixty.’ ‘By the Lord,..it looks like it.’ 1978 J. B. Keane Lett. of Irish Minister of State in Celebrated Lett. (1996) 364 You were right to go independent. You may not get in but by the Lord God we'll go down fighting. e. (the) Lord knows.Cf. God knows at god n. and int. Phrases 1d(b). (a) Used with an indirect question to imply that something is unknown to the speaker, and probably to any other human being. Also with dependent clause implied. In quot. 1846 with allusion to people of undistinguished social status. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > that which is unknown > [phrase] > expressing lack of knowledge God wotOE God or Crist witec1175 Lord knows1614 Heaven knowsa1628 the stars know what (also how, etc.)1760 1614 T. Freeman Rubbe & Great Cast i. lviii. sig. D2 You must come home, and liue the Lord knowes how. 1648 Parliament-kite No. 8 45 Another great Victory at Saint Edes between some body, but the Lord knows who; it seems they were Loyallists, and Round-heads. 1726 J. Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 36 She was at Lord knows what Expence, To form a Nymph of Wit and Sense. 1727 J. Swift Stella's Birth-day: 1722 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. iii. 155 It cost me Lord knows how much Time To shape it into Sense and Rhyme. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxxiii. 254 What became of him afterwards, Lord in heaven knows. 1830 T. P. Thompson in Westm. Rev. Apr. 421 Meetings to be called by the Lord Lieutenant,..and the Lord knows who. 1846 C. G. F. Gore Sketches Eng. Char. I. 74 People comprised under the comprehensive designation of ‘the Lord knows who’. 1905 McClure's Mag. Jan. 281/1 She's been doctorin' Lord knows how long fer that itchin' exzema. 1952 K. Vonnegut Any Reasonable Offer in Collier's 19 Jan. 46/4 ‘When the hell,’ he said, ‘are those Peckham people going to come to a boil?’ ‘Lord knows,’ I said. ‘There's no way I can get in touch with them.’ 1979 Amer. Motorcyclist Feb. 14/2 Lord knows who will win the European Mountain Championship. 2012 Guardian 22 Feb. (G2 section) 22/2 Contemporary dredgers must run the gamut of pollution and lord knows what else. (b) Used to emphasize the truth of a statement. ΚΠ 1856 S. F. Bateman Self i. iii. 17 Lord knows, honey child, I don't blame you to want to git shut of dis hea home, for dey done plague you to deff! 1896 J. C. Harris Sister Jane 169 Lord knows my heart jest natchully yearns arter that gal. 1934 C. P. Snow Search iv. iii. 392 I've thought about lots of other jobs... But I've never changed. And, Lord knows, I'm not an over steady man. 1944 G. Heyer Friday's Child i. 7 Fact of the matter is, Bella, I've never been able to bring myself up to scratch before, though the lord knows I've tried! 1992 M. Warner in M. Bradbury & J. Cooke New Writing 66 I don't want to waste time wittering, though the Lord knows I still have to do a heck of a lot of it. f. In appeals or exhortations expressing impatience, annoyance, urgency, desperation, etc., as for (the) Lord's sake(s), in (the) Lord's name, etc. Cf. for God's sake and in God's name at god n. and int. Phrases 1b. ΚΠ 1645 E. Reynolds Self-deniall 43 For the Lords sake let us lay it to heart. 1692 ‘J. Curate’ Sc. Presbyterian Eloquence ii. 90 In the Lord's Name I give them a doom of black and unmixed pure Wrath. 1735 tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas IV. 116 Help, Help, for the Lord's sake! 1763 G. A. Stevens Dramatic Hist. Master Edward 143 Go to him, in the Lord's name; but never let me hear any more. 1870 C. Larsen tr. B. Björnson Railroad & Churchyard in tr. M. Goldschmidt Flying Mail 97 But Lars! Lars! What in the Lord's name ails you? 1886 Cheshire Observer 6 Feb. 3/8 Hearing Mrs McGill screaming for some time and crying out ‘Murder; for the Lord God's sake don't kill me.’ 1895 I. Maclaren Beside Bonnie Brier Bush iv. iii. 149 Lord's sake, it's maist provokin' that if a body hes a bit whup o'illness in Drumtochty, their freends tak tae propheseein' deith. 1919 S. W. McClave Fred Winsted 267 For the Lord's sakes hurry up, we'd could a been a mile on our way by this time. 1977 H. Steinhauer tr. H. von Kleist in Twelve Germ. Novellas 74 The chamberlain did not know what in the Lord's name he was to do with horses that the swineherd of Hainichen had sold to the knacker. 1984 L. L. Miller Willow 136 For Lord's sake, did he think she had a lover lurking on the property. 2011 Times (Nexis) 12 Nov. (Mag.) 71 For the Lord's sake, Coren, do something with your life! g. Lord lumme: expressing surprise, reproach, etc. (cf. Lord love you at love v.1 Phrases 4a); now somewhat archaic. [Representing a colloquial pronunciation of Lord love me.] ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > miscellaneous depardieuc1290 by God's namec1330 by God's roodc1330 by God's eyes1340 God's soul1345 for God's sakec1386 cock's soulc1405 God's armsc1405 by God's dooma1425 (by) (God's) nailsa1500 by God's fast?1515 God's lord?1520 God's sacramenta1529 God's dominusc1530 by God's crown1535 God's bread1535 God's gown1535 God's guts1543 of God's word?1550 God's hat1569 Gods me1570 marry (a) Godc1574 God's malt1575 God's ludd?1577 God's sacring?1577 God's sokinges?1577 trunnion?1577 (by) God's will1579 God's teeth1580 'Shearta1596 God's light1598 by God's me1599 'Snails1599 'Slight1600 God's diggers1602 'Swill1602 od's mea1616 od's my lifea1616 'Sprecious1631 'Sbores1640 odso1660 for sake('s) sake1665 Gad's precious1677 heartlikins1677 od1681 'Sdiggers1687 (Lord) love you (also your heart)1707 God's fury1748 heartikins1751 S'fire1791 nom de Dieu1848 'strewth1892 Lord lumme1895 lumme1898 1895 ‘G. Mortimer’ Like Stars that Fall xii. 159 Lord lumme, I could place that 'oss if I was in the old country, where I was reared. 1903 J. London People of Abyss i. 8 Lord lumme, but it'll be the last I see af you if yer don't py me. 1932 H. A. Manhood Apples by Night 192 Lord lumme, ain't you enthusiastic. 1997 D. Stone Ship of Fools 57 Lord lumme, guvnor, all this high talk of metatemporal engineering..right goes over my head. P3. Phrases relating to the lifestyle of a nobleman. a. to swear like a lord: to swear or curse violently, frequently, or without restraint. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > [verb (intransitive)] > swear or use profanity curse?c1225 oathc1450 swearc1450 to swear like a lord1531 profanea1643 sink1663 rip1772 cuss1838 to let out1840 explete1902 eff1943 foul-mouth1960 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxvi. sig. Mvi For they wyll say he that swereth depe, swereth like a lorde. 1615 Merry Progresse to London (single sheet) My Siluer-hatched Sword, Made me sweare like a Lord. 1742 Scots Mag. Oct. 475/2 Grant then that I do swear like a Lord, and that I outswear a Lord. 1785 J. O'Keeffe Fontainbleau iii. 44 You strut about like a lord,..and drink like a lord, and swear like a lord, ay and—here's your bill. 1846 Ainsworth's Mag. 11 94 He drinks all night, sleeps all day, and swears like a lord. 1863 Willenhall Mag. 1 133 Gentleman Briggs forgot his manners, and swore like a lord. 1918 G. V. McFadden His Grace of Grub St. xxvii. 273 He certainly was in a rage that day, and went off swearing like a lord. 1932 Tyrone (Pa.) Daily Herald 26 Nov. 4/4 I've seen him ride his pony half into Mr. Hubbard's shop and swear like a lord at the old gentleman. b. to live like a lord: to live in a grand, luxurious, or lavish manner. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > luxury or luxurious living > luxuriate [verb (intransitive)] > live luxuriously to live wella1375 to live like a lord1532 epicurize1600 to live (or be) in clover1710 to live like fighting cocks1795 1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. House Holde f. 10 The whiche..haue made them selfes ryche men, and haue gotten so great substance, that they liue lyke lordes? 1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Eiiiv To lyue lyke a Lorde and make iolye chere. 1606 T. Whetenhall Disc. Abuses 41 Augustine..condemneth the Lordship of Bishops, yet he himselfe lived like a Lord. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors iii. 130 He might have lived like a Lord all the rest of his dayes. 1757 Hist. Two Mod. Adventurers ix. 121 What should you think, Nanny, said I, of seeing me live like a Lord in the World? 1780 ‘N. Ward Jr.’ Comforts Matrimony 76 As if my income could afford Th'expence of living like a Lord. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Oct. 5/1 If hops are pretty good..an average hopper can live like a lord. 1892 W. Harcourt Speech in Times 21 Apr. 10/3 The Chancellor of the Exchequer ‘lives like a lord’, which I understand to mean spending a great deal more than he possesses. 1958 A. Sillitoe Loneliness Long Distance Runner 35 Living like lords in a boarding house. 2013 Sun (Nexis) 16 June 44 Rental properties where you can live like a Lord for the weekend. c. to drink like a lord: to drink alcohol extravagantly or excessively. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [verb (intransitive)] > drink deeply or copiously quaught1530 swinka1563 to drink like a lorda1627 swig1650 slug1856 to knock back1931 a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Spanish Gipsie (1653) iv. sig. F4 Flowre bancks or Mosse to be thy bourd, Water thy Wine. San. And drinke like a Lord. 1785 J. O'Keeffe Fontainbleau iii. 44 You strut about like a lord,..and drink like a lord, and swear like a lord, ay and—here's your bill. 1880 H. A. Duff Honor Carmichael I. ii. 35 He himself was the scamp still, spending his money like a prince, drinking like a lord. 1918 A. Safroni-Middleton Wine-dark Seas xi. 106 The midshipman..drank like a lord and sang The Song of the Thrush. 2014 D. Martinez My Heart is Drunken Compass xviii. 134 I drank like a working man, five days a week... I drank like a lord. d. drunk (also merry, tipsy) as a lord: extremely drunk; intoxicated. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > completely or very drunk drunk as a (drowned) mousea1350 to-drunka1382 as drunk as the devilc1400 sow-drunk1509 fish-drunk1591 swine-drunk1592 gone1603 far gone1616 reeling drunk1620 soda1625 souseda1625 blind1630 full1631 drunk (also merry, tipsy) as a lord1652 as full (or tight) as a tick1678 clear1688 drunk (dull, mute) as a fish1700 as drunk as David's sow or as a sow1727 as drunk as a piper1728 blind-drunkc1775 bitch foua1796 blootered1820 whole-seas over1820 three sheets in the wind1821 as drunk as a loon1830 shellaced1881 as drunk as a boiled owl1886 stinking1887 steaming drunk1892 steaming with drink1897 footless1901 legless1903 plastered1912 legless drunk1926 stinko1927 drunk as a pissant1930 kaylied1937 langers1949 stoned1952 smashed1962 shit-faced1963 out of (also off) one's bird1966 trashed1966 faced1968 stoned1968 steaming1973 langered1979 annihilated1980 obliterated1984 wankered1992 muntered1998 1652 Mercurius Britannicus No. 21. 287 The Hollander were as merry as Lords. 1659 J. Evelyn Char. Eng. 53 The Gentlemen are most of them very intemperate, yet the Proverb goes, As drunk as a Lord. 1681 Heraclitus Ridens 8 Mar. 2/2 They were as drunk as Lords with bottle Air. 1770 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 560 As drunk as a Lord. 1844 W. M. Thackeray Barry Lyndon ii. ii, in Fraser's Mag Nov. 591/2 She ran screaming through the galleries, and I, as tipsy as a lord, came staggering after. 1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. v. 304 He was quite generally known to be very far gone, drunk as a lord and not caring who knew it. 2012 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 21 Mar. 22 The other night, I rolled home, drunk as a lord. e. to treat (a person) like a lord: to treat (a person) luxuriously, lavishly, or with great deference. ΚΠ 1691 R. Ames Lawyerus Bootatus & Spurratus 6 They are Treated all like Lords, With choicest Foods the Shire affords. 1794 Morning Post 27 Feb. Governments treat their Creditors like a Lord, whilst free States are obliged to observe the exactitude of a Tradesman. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. ii. vii. 248 The landlord..said..; we will treat you like a lord. 1871 ‘O. Optic’ Lightning Express xiv. 169 I believe you have a soft place in your head, Wolf. Joe Poole says you treated him like a lord. 1910 Standard (London) 15 Sept. 8/5 They treated us like lords, and we shall never forget the kindness shown to us. 1987 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Feb. The movie business..treats you like a lord. P4. In the names of various office holders. See also Compounds 2. a. Lord of Ireland n. now historical (a title of) the King of England, as ruler of Ireland.The title was created by Henry II for his son John in 1177, and was held by subsequent kings until Henry VIII was proclaimed King of Ireland in 1541.In early use also Lord on Ireland. [Compare post-classical Latin Dominus Hiberniae (from 1192 in British sources), Anglo-Norman seignur d'Irlande (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier).] ΚΠ 1258 Proclam. Henry III in Trans. Philol. Soc. (1868–9) 19 Henr' þurȝ godes fultume king on Engleneloande, Lhoauerd on Yrloand', [etc.]. 1422 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 298 (MED) Henry, by þe grace of god, kyng of England, heire and Regent of þe Rewme of France and lorde of Irlande. 1496 Oath of Allegiance in A. Conway Henry VII's Relations Scotl. & Irel. (1932) 224 My soverainge lord henri the VIIth by the grace of god kinge of England & of ffraunce and lord of Irland. 1562 All Statutes Stannary (new ed.) sig. Av Edward [III] by the grace of god kynge of Englande lord of Irland and Duke of Aquitaine. a1600 ( Rec. Bluemantle Pursuivant (Julius) in C. L. Kingsford Eng. Hist. Lit. 15th Cent. (1913) 384 (MED) Charles..sent..the lord Gruthuse to..the King, Edward the iiijte by ye grace of God of Englond & of Fraunce & lorde of Ireland. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 100 King John..The first..that enlarged the Royall stile with Lord of Ireland. 1669 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia 66 Henry the eighth..being..as absolute a Monarch over it when he was but Lord of Ireland, as when he was styled King. 1727 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. IV. 452 It was decreed, that Henry of Lancaster, should be proclaimed King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland. 1780 W. Barron Hist. Polit. Connection Eng. & Ireland i. 16 The King..assumed..from the general submission of the people, the title of Lord of Ireland. 1830 H. Walter Hist. Eng. II. iv. 199 It was the duty of king Edward, as the acknowledged lord of Ireland, to have employed his talent for business..in reducing that distracted country to order. 1879 R. H. Warner Hist. Thorney Abbey ix. 186 The unhappy monarch is made to describe himself as..Lord of Ireland. 1959 J. T. Appleby John, King of Eng. xii. 238 As..Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, and the rest, John felt it his duty to hold on to those lands. 2012 C. Maginn W. Cecil 1 In the year of Cecil's birth the Tudor kings of England were..lords of Ireland. b. Lord of Parliament n. (a) Scottish (the title of) any of the major barons entitled to attend the pre-Union Scottish parliament and from the mid 14th cent. forming the lowest rank of the peerage (now chiefly historical) (b) British a member of the House of Lords (see note at sense A. 11a). ΚΠ 1428 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1428/3/3 All bischoppis, abbotis, prioris, dukis, erlis, lordis of parliament and banrentis, the quhilkis the king wil be reservit and summonde to consaillis and to parliamentis be his special precep. 1500 Traduction & Mariage Princesse (Pynson) sig. aivv The bisshoppis of his prouynce and greate abbottis lordes of the parlyament shulde..gyue their attendaunce upon hym. 1562–3 Act 5 Elizabeth I c. 5 §13 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 424 Any person or persons being of the Degree of a Lorde of Parleament. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. ii. x. f. 109 Parliament is the highest and most honourable and absolute Court of Justice of England consisting of the King, the Lords of Parliament, and the Commons. 1710 J. Spotiswood Law conc. Election Members for Scotl. i. 3 Every Lord of Parliament, either Spiritual, as Arch Bishops and Bishops, or Temporal, as Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts and Barons. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. ii. 168 Every peer..may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to vote for him in his absence. 1831 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. IV. ii. 306 Raising the Barons of Drummond, Crichton of Sanquhar, Hay, and Ruthven, to the dignity and privileges of lords of parliament. 1882 Jrnl. Jurispr. 26 4 There is no reason for supposing that a Lord of Parliament was ever made in Scotland without a charter, or, after the union of the crowns, a patent. 1983 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 6 Oct. No lord of Parliament may be imprisoned or restrained, except on a criminal charge, while Parliament is sitting. 2013 Herald (Glasgow) 20 May 20 Lord Reay was also one of only two Lords of Parliament..to sit in the House of Lords this century. c. Lords of the Articles n. Scottish (now historical) the members of a standing committee of the pre-Union Scottish parliament established to prepare business and draft legislation.The committee was formed in the mid 15th cent. and abolished in 1690 after the Glorious Revolution. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > types of body or spec. bodies > [noun] > committee > committees of Scottish parliament Lords of the Articles1485 1485 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1485/5/7 It is avisit and thocht spedefull be the lordis of the articulis that the fredom of halikirk be observit and kepit in tyme tocum. 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. f. 267 Master Aloisio being here vppon demaunded of the Lords of the articles. 1638 D. Calderwood Answere M. I. Forbes sig. B2v It was presented and read, first before the Lords of the Articles, and after, before the whole Estates. a1650 Index Buchanan's Hist. MS (Edinb. Univ.) Apolecti, the lords of the articles, being 8 chosen out of each estate in Parliament, to prepare all purposes for voteing. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 364 These [complaints] ought to be made first to the Lords of the Articles. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xvii. 660 From the reign of James IV. the lords of articles are regularly named in the records of every parliament. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. ii. 71 The Lords of the Articles whose business it was to digest the measures to be brought before Parliament. 1962 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 1 41 Court control was insured by the revival of the Lords of the Articles to consider all acts or laws they might judge necessary to be passed. 1996 J. H. Burns True Law of Kingship viii. 290 Bills are considered first by selecti ex omnibus ordinibus—by the Lords of the Articles. d. Lord of Erection n. Scottish (now historical) (the title of) a man possessing a temporal lordship erected or derived from a spiritual benefice after the Reformation; (in earliest use) spec. a man possessing a temporal lordship of parliament of this kind (cf. Lord of Parliament n. at Phrases 4b). ΚΠ 1617 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1617/3/2 Ony vassaill, subvassaill, fewair, takisman of teyndis..justlie bundin to mak releiff to the prelate, lord of erectioun, patroun or other beneficeit man. 1699 in J. Lauder Decisions Lords of Council (1761) II. 42 That the lords of erection..are no more superiors of the kirk-lands. 1735 J. Ogilvie tr. R. Menteith Hist. Troubles Great Brit. i. 6 Settling the yearly Allowance of the Ministers..which he obtained of the Lords of Erection with great Difficulty. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. at Teinds At the Reformation, the King..created the monasteries and priories into temporal lordships, the grantees to which were styled Lords of Erection, or Titulars of the Tithes. 1932 Scotsman 28 May 18/2 The erection of temporal Lordships in which lay Lords of Erection were invested in certain churchlands. 1989 Sc. Hist. Rev. 68 76 His son..became a lord of erection and, eventually, earl of Lothian. e. Lord of Appeal n. †(a) (in full Lord Commissioner of Appeal in Prize Causes) (the title of) a member of the Privy Council or other Westminster courts responsible for hearing appeals on cases involving ships or cargoes taken as prizes (obsolete); (b) (in full Lord of Appeal in Ordinary) (the title of) a member of the House of Lords qualified to take part in its judicial business; cf. law-lord n. at law n.1 Compounds 3. ΚΠ 1698 Flying Post 5 Apr. Yesterday the Lords of Appeal sat again at the Cock-Pit, upon the Swedish ships that were taken as Prize. 1760 G. G. Beekman Let. 22 Sept. in Beekman Mercantile Papers (1956) I. 366 The Lords of Appeal in Prize causes, have been Pleased to Affirm the Sentence of Our Judge. 1876 Act Appellate Jurisdiction House of Lords in Public Gen. Statutes 11 lix. 381 For the purpose of aiding the House of Lords in the hearing Appointment and determination of appeals, Her Majesty may, at any time after the passing of this Act, by letters patent appoint two qualified persons to be Lords of Appeal in Ordinary. 1920 Irish Times 20 Dec. 4/6 He is more likely to close his career as a Lord of Appeal in this country. 1980 Oxf. Compan. Law 904/2 In the House of Lords, the judgments of the Lords of Appeal are called opinions or speeches. 2004 Church Times 25 June 3/1 At present, appeal in such cases would be to a Commission of Review consisting of three Lords of Appeal..and two Lords Spiritual. f. lord of the bedchamber n. [compare earlier lady of the bedchamber n. at lady n. Phrases 1b(c)] (the title of) a nobleman appointed to provide companionship and personal assistance to the monarch or Prince of Wales. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > lord-in-waiting gentlemanc1400 gentleman of the privy chamber1549 privy chamberer1640 Gentleman of the Privy Chamber1681 lord of the bedchamber1717 lord in waiting1719 1717 H. Pelham Let. 3 Nov. in Lett. Countess of Suffolk (1824) I. 18 The King forbad the lord of the bedchamber inviting Lord Townshend and Walpole to dine with him. 1755 Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 184/2 His majesty went to the house of peers, attended by..the ld of the bedchamber in waiting. 1821 Q. Rev. July 392 His eldest son.., notwithstanding his jacobite connexions, was appointed Lord of the Bedchamber by the personal favour of George II. 1919 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 17 Mar. 6/6 Lord Jersey's appointment as Lord of the Bedchamber to the king. 2011 M. Peacock Paper Garden viii. 183 Frederick named him a Lord of the Bedchamber, and in 1749 Bute advised the Prince on his horticultural enterprise at Kew. g. lord in waiting n. [compare earlier lady-in-waiting n.] (a) (the title of) a nobleman appointed to provide companionship and personal assistance to the monarch or Prince of Wales; (b) (in later use) a junior government minister in the House of Lords appointed to perform certain ceremonial duties on behalf of the monarch (the female counterpart of whom is called a baroness in waiting). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > lord-in-waiting gentlemanc1400 gentleman of the privy chamber1549 privy chamberer1640 Gentleman of the Privy Chamber1681 lord of the bedchamber1717 lord in waiting1719 1719 Weekly-Jrnl. 28 Nov. 1455/1 His Majesty being told of it, by some of the Lords in waiting. 1860 W. G. Clark Let. 18 Sept. in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. (1861) 45 Carts loaded with furniture passed out from time to time, the property, I suppose, of Goldsticks, and Chamberlains, and Lords-in-waiting. 1892 Sat. Rev. 3 Dec. 644 What the functions of Lords-in-Waiting are is one of those mysteries of the Household. 1927 H. W. Root Unknown Barnum viii. 106 Barnum and the General were taken in hand by a lord in waiting and carefully informed as to the proper behaviour in the presence of royalty. 1971 New Scientist 4 Mar. 502/2 I never knew that Parliamentary Questions could be answered by a Lord-in-Waiting, who must be the most minor figure in the governmental firmament. 2011 Daily Tel. 11 July 29/3 Nicky's father was Lord in Waiting to both George V and George VI. h. Lord of Police n. Scottish (now historical) (the title of) a member of a commission established to supervise the maintenance of law and order, provision of public amenities, etc., in Scotland. Also in First Lord of Police: the head of this commission.The commission was established in 1714 and abolished in 1782. ΚΠ 1728 J. Mitchell Ratho Ded. p. v To the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Lawderdale, Lord Lieutenant and High-Sheriff of Edinburghshire;..one of the Lords of Police. 1761 Brit. Mag. 2 556 The right hon. lord Napier is appointed one of the lords of police in Scotland. 1832 Georgian Era I. 529 He became high sheriff of Berkshire [read Berwickshire], and a lord of police. 1882 J. Grant Cassell's Old & New Edinb. II. xxxii. 257/1 This residence was built by Alexander, sixth Earl of Galloway, one of the Lords of Police. 1903 Eng. Rep. 31 840 In 1744 being appointed a Lord of Police in Scotland, he went to reside there. 1980 A. Murdoch ‘People Above’ v. 113 Garlies, however, soon had another grievance, claiming the office of First Lord of Police for his father. P5. Lord of the Flies. a. Also Lord of Flies. Beelzebub; the devil. [After Hebrew ba'al-zĕḇūḇ, usually interpreted to mean ‘fly-lord’ (see Beelzebub n.); compare (after Hebrew) post-classical Latin princeps muscarum Beelzebub, lit. ‘ruler of the flies’ (4th or 5th cent. in Augustine).] ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] devileOE Beelzebubc950 the foul ghosteOE SatanOE warlockOE SatanasOE worsea1200 unwinea1225 wondc1250 quedea1275 pucka1300 serpenta1300 dragon1340 shrew1362 Apollyon1382 the god of this worldc1384 Mahoundc1400 leviathan1412 worsta1425 old enemyc1449 Ruffin1567 dismal1570 Plotcocka1578 the Wicked One1582 goodman1603 Mahu1603 foul thief1609 somebody1609 legiona1616 Lord of Flies1622 walliman1629 shaitan1638 Old Nicka1643 Nick1647 unsel?1675 old gentleman1681 old boy1692 the gentleman in black1693 deuce1694 Black Spy1699 the vicious one1713 worricow1719 Old Roger1725 Lord of the Flies1727 Simmie1728 Old Scratch1734 Old Harry1777 Old Poker1784 Auld Hornie1786 old (auld), ill thief1789 old one1790 little-good1821 Tom Walker1833 bogy1840 diabolarch1845 Old Ned1859 iniquity1899 1622 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VI. N.T. iii. 343 The Iewes well knew that the Gods of the heathen were no other then Deuils; Amongst whom..the Lord of Flies..was held the chiefe. 1671 M. D'Assigny in tr. P. Gautruche Poet. Hist. i. xv. 102 Baalzebub, the Lord of Flies, was the God of Ekron, a City of the Philistines. 1727 G. De Gols Theologico-philos. Diss. concerning Worms i. i. 19 He is call'd Lord of the Flies..because whenever they sacrific'd to him, the Swarms of Flies, which at that time molested the country, died. 1856 J. M. Daniell Spiritual Anat. 110 We are far too near the buzzings of Beelzebub, the lord of the flies! 1894 A. Reid New Party (1895) 284 I should be ready to make an alliance with ‘the lord of the flies’—Beelzebub himself. 1948 A. Huxley Ape & Essence (1949) 90 The Lord of Flies, who is also the Blowfly in every individual heart. 2002 G. Duncan I, Lucifer (2003) 1 I, Lucifer, Fallen Angel, Prince of Darkness, Bringer of Light, Ruler of Hell, Lord of the Flies..have decided—oo-la-la!—to tell all. b. allusive. Used adjectivally: reminiscent or characteristic of the novel of this title; having the tendency or potential to revert to a state of savagery.The novel was written by William Golding and published in 1954. It depicts a group of schoolboys marooned on an uninhabited island who revert to a state of savagery. [The novel was so named in allusion to the biblical Beelzebub (see Phrases 5a).] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [adjective] > specific novel Lord of the Flies1969 1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games 13 Such accounts..have..influenced educational practice..leading us to believe that a Lord of the Flies mentality is inherent in the young. 1992 Esquire July 63/1 His aspect is pure Lord of the Flies, although you get the sneaking suspicion he might not've survived the island. 2007 Wired Jan. 46/1 Should things ever get too Lord of the Flies, the Mali tribe..could just vote the whole project off the island. < as lemmas |
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