smaltn.adj.

Brit.

/smɔːlt/,

/smɒlt/, U.S.

/smɔlt/,

/smɑlt/

Forms: 1500s 1700s smalte, 1500s– smalt, 1600s smault, 1600s smaulte.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French smalte.

Etymology: < Middle French smalte, Middle French, French smalt species of glass having a deep blue colour (1558 in the source translated in quot. 1558, or earlier; 1536 as semalte ), deep blue colour resembling that of the glass (1775 or earlier) < Italian smalto smalto n. Compare Dutch smalt (1604), German Schmalte (1661 or earlier). Compare earlier amel n. and later smalto n. and the foreign-language words cited at these entries. See also smalts n.

A. n.

a. As a mass noun: a kind of glass, usually coloured deep blue by cobalt oxide, finely pulverized and used as a pigment or colouring matter in painting, ceramics, etc. In later use also: a colouring material made from sand that has been painted or dyed. Cf. smalts n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific

azurec1374

lapis lazulia1425

litmusc1503

verditer1505

florey1527

bice1548

smalt1558

smalts1591

smalt1598

ultramarine1598

litmus blue1612

verditer1665

ultramarine blue (or colour)1686

blue sublimate1700

Prussian blue1724

terre bleue1728

starch blue1742

king's blue1778

verditel1778

Antwerp brown1787

Berlin blue1794

lacmus1794

Antwerp blue1795

French blue1802

lapis1811

Waterloo blue1815

Waterloo1823

cobalt1835

Thénard's blue1837

iron blue1839

turnsole1839

permanent blue1863

opal blue1880

Haarlem blue1885

cyanine blue1886

cerulean blue1889

Victoria blue1890

Milori blue1899

Prussian1911

Windsor blue1912

gentianine1927

Monastral1936

Alcian Blue1947

1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount i. vi. f. 118^v Take white smalte [Fr. smalte blanc] well beaten in poulder.

1573 Treat. Arte of Limming p. iiij Smalte or florrey being tempered in a shell with gumme water maketh a blewe.

1612 H. Peacham Gentlemans Exercise 83 The principale blewes..are Blew bice, Smalt.

1618 Brit. Patent 7 (1856) 1 And shall also make the same Smaulte as good..as the Smault heretofore brought from beyond the Seas.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 149/2 Smalt, some call it blew Starch; because much used by Landresses in their Starch to make it blew.

1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 325 Being strewed upon oil paintings for a sparkling black in the same way as smalt is strewed for blue.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. Notes 52 The Saxon mines have till very lately almost exclusively supplied the rest of Europe with..zaffre and smalt.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 302 The..nickel..must not be suffered to become oxidized, lest it should spoil the colour of the smalt.

1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. ii. §3. 102 The starch is washed, mixed with a little smalt, to give it the blue tinge preferred in the market.

1908 F. Maire Mod. Pigments xiv. 155 The term smalt has itself become diverted from its original meaning, and is applied..to coarsely colored sand..artificially colored not only in blue but in black, or anything else.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xli. 801 Smalt is a potash glass coloured blue with cobalt. It has long been prepared by fusing a cautiously-roasted cobalt ore with sand and potash.

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth v. 134 To retain its strong, deep blue colour, smalt must not be ground too finely; its consequent gritty texture makes it a difficult material to paint with.

b. As a count noun: a powder or pigment made of such glass. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific

azurec1374

lapis lazulia1425

litmusc1503

verditer1505

florey1527

bice1548

smalt1558

smalts1591

smalt1598

ultramarine1598

litmus blue1612

verditer1665

ultramarine blue (or colour)1686

blue sublimate1700

Prussian blue1724

terre bleue1728

starch blue1742

king's blue1778

verditel1778

Antwerp brown1787

Berlin blue1794

lacmus1794

Antwerp blue1795

French blue1802

lapis1811

Waterloo blue1815

Waterloo1823

cobalt1835

Thénard's blue1837

iron blue1839

turnsole1839

permanent blue1863

opal blue1880

Haarlem blue1885

cyanine blue1886

cerulean blue1889

Victoria blue1890

Milori blue1899

Prussian1911

Windsor blue1912

gentianine1927

Monastral1936

Alcian Blue1947

1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iii. 106 Azures and smaltes shaddow those skiecolours, which are made of them and white mixed together.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 78 Their Blues are several kinds of Smalts.

1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. II. 237 Smalts are used in the preparation of cloths, laces, linens, muslins, thread, &c.

1841 O. Campbell Treat. Carriage, Sign, & Ornamental Painting 109 A white Smalt may be made by pounding very clear glass in an iron mortar, until its particles are reduced to the consistence of very coarse sand.

1859 T. Lynch Printer's Man. 204 Some of the smalts are transparent.

1904 National Builder 16 Feb. 24/2 Smalts are made in a variety of shades.

2. A deep blue colour like that of smalt.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > deep blue

powder blue1628

zaffre1662

ultramarine1695

smalt1775

ultramarine blue (or colour)1781

royal blue1782

smalt-blue1794

mazarine blue1803

blue feldspar1804

lazulite1807

cobalt1835

Vienna blue1835

Venetian bluec1840

bleu-de-roi1848

gentian blue1848

gentian1854

mazarine1857

night-blue1865

lapis lazuli1870

Reckitt's blue1877

royal1885

Littler's blue1904

delphine1909

delphinium1923

Madonna blue1932

1775 tr. Valuable Secrets Arts & Trades 131 Smalt is a blue colour, which has very little substance.

1822 D. Lowry Conversat. Mineral. I. iii. 33 Cobalt is the basis of the beautiful blue colour called smalt.

1881 Spectator 2 July 860 Red and yellow, and emerald-green and smalt, all figure together on the same ribbon or dress piece.

1904 19th Cent. July 136 The cruder smalts and chromes and dead gold of old illuminators.

1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 34 There are many more blues than there are words to name them. There is smalt. Tenebristic blue.

3. A piece of coloured glass used in making mosaics, etc. Cf. smalto n. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > mosaic > [noun] > materials

tessella1693

smalto1705

mosaic gold1728

abaciscus1753

tessera1797

smalt1852

tesson1858

abaculus1868

1852 C. A. Eaton Rome (ed. 5) II. lxxxvi. 311 Into this paste are stuck the smalts (smalti) of which the mosaic picture is formed.

1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 581/2 The pieces of glass of every shade of colour are technically called smalts; they are generally opaque.

1887 G. W. Cox Cycl. Common Things (ed. 6) 391 Roman Mosaics are pictures composed of little pieces of coloured glass called smalti or smalts.

1887 G. W. Cox Cycl. Common Things (ed. 6) 391 The smalts are made in long slender rods of many thousands of different colours and shades.

1908 J. de W. Addison Arts & Crafts Middle Ages x. 311 The picture is composed for the most part of artificially prepared smalts—opaque glass of various colours, made in sheets and then cut up into cubes.

B. adj.

= smalt-blue adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > deep blue

flaxen1605

mazarine1684

cyaneous1688

ultramarine1781

powder blue1789

smalt-blue1801

gentian1836

cobalt1849

night-blue1858

lazuline1877

smalt1880

1880 Mrs. C. Reade Brown Hand & White I. 2 A courtyard roofed in by the smalt heaven of Italy.

1907 L. F. Day Enamelling xxv. 205 A deep smalt ground is characteristic, and blue is altogether the predominant colour.

1920 Painters Mag. Dec. 20/2 To flat gild a smalt and gold sign.

2001 P. Ball Bright Earth (2003) vi. 129 Some of the lake pigments have faded, and the smalt sky is probably discolored.

Compounds

attributive and objective, as smalt furnace, smalt glass, smalt-maker, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > glass-maker > [noun] > involved in specific process

glass-blower?1518

annealer1656

sarole-man1662

lamp-worker1665

leer man1849

founder1853

wetter-off1883

smalt-maker1921

smalter1923

presser1962

firer1998

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iv. iii. 376 A piece of Smalt-Glass.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The necessity of having expert workmen for the smalt-making.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Intelligent persons are necessary in the smalt-works.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 302 A round smalt furnace.

1863 Fraser's Mag. Dec. 699/1 The sea had assumed a deep smalt colour.

1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §143 Smalt maker, places powdered mixture of cobalt oxide, silica (pure sand) and potassium carbonate into a wheeled fireclay crucible [etc.].

1923 Chambers's Jrnl. 15 Dec. 36/1 The supreme obstacle confronting the smalt-makers.

2008 N. Eastaugh et al. Pigment Compend. (new ed.) 874 Pale blue angular shards of smalt glass.

Derivatives

ˈsmalter n. rare a person who prepares smalt.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > glass-maker > [noun] > involved in specific process

glass-blower?1518

annealer1656

sarole-man1662

lamp-worker1665

leer man1849

founder1853

wetter-off1883

smalt-maker1921

smalter1923

presser1962

firer1998

1923 Chambers's Jrnl. 15 Dec. 36/1 The Venetian glassmakers..were content to purchase their requirements from the ‘smalters’ of Germany.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	smalt
释义	smaltn.adj. Brit. /smɔːlt/, /smɒlt/, U.S. /smɔlt/, /smɑlt/ Forms: 1500s 1700s smalte, 1500s– smalt, 1600s smault, 1600s smaulte. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French smalte. Etymology: < Middle French smalte, Middle French, French smalt species of glass having a deep blue colour (1558 in the source translated in quot. 1558, or earlier; 1536 as semalte ), deep blue colour resembling that of the glass (1775 or earlier) < Italian smalto smalto n. Compare Dutch smalt (1604), German Schmalte (1661 or earlier). Compare earlier amel n. and later smalto n. and the foreign-language words cited at these entries. See also smalts n. A. n. 1. a. As a mass noun: a kind of glass, usually coloured deep blue by cobalt oxide, finely pulverized and used as a pigment or colouring matter in painting, ceramics, etc. In later use also: a colouring material made from sand that has been painted or dyed. Cf. smalts n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific azurec1374 lapis lazulia1425 litmusc1503 verditer1505 florey1527 bice1548 smalt1558 smalts1591 smalt1598 ultramarine1598 litmus blue1612 verditer1665 ultramarine blue (or colour)1686 blue sublimate1700 Prussian blue1724 terre bleue1728 starch blue1742 king's blue1778 verditel1778 Antwerp brown1787 Berlin blue1794 lacmus1794 Antwerp blue1795 French blue1802 lapis1811 Waterloo blue1815 Waterloo1823 cobalt1835 Thénard's blue1837 iron blue1839 turnsole1839 permanent blue1863 opal blue1880 Haarlem blue1885 cyanine blue1886 cerulean blue1889 Victoria blue1890 Milori blue1899 Prussian1911 Windsor blue1912 gentianine1927 Monastral1936 Alcian Blue1947 1558 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes Alexis of Piemount i. vi. f. 118^v Take white smalte [Fr. smalte blanc] well beaten in poulder. 1573 Treat. Arte of Limming p. iiij Smalte or florrey being tempered in a shell with gumme water maketh a blewe. 1612 H. Peacham Gentlemans Exercise 83 The principale blewes..are Blew bice, Smalt. 1618 Brit. Patent 7 (1856) 1 And shall also make the same Smaulte as good..as the Smault heretofore brought from beyond the Seas. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 149/2 Smalt, some call it blew Starch; because much used by Landresses in their Starch to make it blew. 1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 325 Being strewed upon oil paintings for a sparkling black in the same way as smalt is strewed for blue. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. Notes 52 The Saxon mines have till very lately almost exclusively supplied the rest of Europe with..zaffre and smalt. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 302 The..nickel..must not be suffered to become oxidized, lest it should spoil the colour of the smalt. 1862 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 2) III. ii. §3. 102 The starch is washed, mixed with a little smalt, to give it the blue tinge preferred in the market. 1908 F. Maire Mod. Pigments xiv. 155 The term smalt has itself become diverted from its original meaning, and is applied..to coarsely colored sand..artificially colored not only in blue but in black, or anything else. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xli. 801 Smalt is a potash glass coloured blue with cobalt. It has long been prepared by fusing a cautiously-roasted cobalt ore with sand and potash. 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth v. 134 To retain its strong, deep blue colour, smalt must not be ground too finely; its consequent gritty texture makes it a difficult material to paint with. b. As a count noun: a powder or pigment made of such glass. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific azurec1374 lapis lazulia1425 litmusc1503 verditer1505 florey1527 bice1548 smalt1558 smalts1591 smalt1598 ultramarine1598 litmus blue1612 verditer1665 ultramarine blue (or colour)1686 blue sublimate1700 Prussian blue1724 terre bleue1728 starch blue1742 king's blue1778 verditel1778 Antwerp brown1787 Berlin blue1794 lacmus1794 Antwerp blue1795 French blue1802 lapis1811 Waterloo blue1815 Waterloo1823 cobalt1835 Thénard's blue1837 iron blue1839 turnsole1839 permanent blue1863 opal blue1880 Haarlem blue1885 cyanine blue1886 cerulean blue1889 Victoria blue1890 Milori blue1899 Prussian1911 Windsor blue1912 gentianine1927 Monastral1936 Alcian Blue1947 1598 R. Haydocke tr. G. P. Lomazzo Tracte Artes Paintinge iii. 106 Azures and smaltes shaddow those skiecolours, which are made of them and white mixed together. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 78 Their Blues are several kinds of Smalts. 1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. II. 237 Smalts are used in the preparation of cloths, laces, linens, muslins, thread, &c. 1841 O. Campbell Treat. Carriage, Sign, & Ornamental Painting 109 A white Smalt may be made by pounding very clear glass in an iron mortar, until its particles are reduced to the consistence of very coarse sand. 1859 T. Lynch Printer's Man. 204 Some of the smalts are transparent. 1904 National Builder 16 Feb. 24/2 Smalts are made in a variety of shades. 2. A deep blue colour like that of smalt. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > deep blue powder blue1628 zaffre1662 ultramarine1695 smalt1775 ultramarine blue (or colour)1781 royal blue1782 smalt-blue1794 mazarine blue1803 blue feldspar1804 lazulite1807 cobalt1835 Vienna blue1835 Venetian bluec1840 bleu-de-roi1848 gentian blue1848 gentian1854 mazarine1857 night-blue1865 lapis lazuli1870 Reckitt's blue1877 royal1885 Littler's blue1904 delphine1909 delphinium1923 Madonna blue1932 1775 tr. Valuable Secrets Arts & Trades 131 Smalt is a blue colour, which has very little substance. 1822 D. Lowry Conversat. Mineral. I. iii. 33 Cobalt is the basis of the beautiful blue colour called smalt. 1881 Spectator 2 July 860 Red and yellow, and emerald-green and smalt, all figure together on the same ribbon or dress piece. 1904 19th Cent. July 136 The cruder smalts and chromes and dead gold of old illuminators. 1994 A. Theroux Primary Colors 34 There are many more blues than there are words to name them. There is smalt. Tenebristic blue. 3. A piece of coloured glass used in making mosaics, etc. Cf. smalto n. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > mosaic > [noun] > materials tessella1693 smalto1705 mosaic gold1728 abaciscus1753 tessera1797 smalt1852 tesson1858 abaculus1868 1852 C. A. Eaton Rome (ed. 5) II. lxxxvi. 311 Into this paste are stuck the smalts (smalti) of which the mosaic picture is formed. 1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 581/2 The pieces of glass of every shade of colour are technically called smalts; they are generally opaque. 1887 G. W. Cox Cycl. Common Things (ed. 6) 391 Roman Mosaics are pictures composed of little pieces of coloured glass called smalti or smalts. 1887 G. W. Cox Cycl. Common Things (ed. 6) 391 The smalts are made in long slender rods of many thousands of different colours and shades. 1908 J. de W. Addison Arts & Crafts Middle Ages x. 311 The picture is composed for the most part of artificially prepared smalts—opaque glass of various colours, made in sheets and then cut up into cubes. B. adj. = smalt-blue adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [adjective] > deep blue flaxen1605 mazarine1684 cyaneous1688 ultramarine1781 powder blue1789 smalt-blue1801 gentian1836 cobalt1849 night-blue1858 lazuline1877 smalt1880 1880 Mrs. C. Reade Brown Hand & White I. 2 A courtyard roofed in by the smalt heaven of Italy. 1907 L. F. Day Enamelling xxv. 205 A deep smalt ground is characteristic, and blue is altogether the predominant colour. 1920 Painters Mag. Dec. 20/2 To flat gild a smalt and gold sign. 2001 P. Ball Bright Earth (2003) vi. 129 Some of the lake pigments have faded, and the smalt sky is probably discolored. Compounds attributive and objective, as smalt furnace, smalt glass, smalt-maker, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > glass-maker > [noun] > involved in specific process glass-blower?1518 annealer1656 sarole-man1662 lamp-worker1665 leer man1849 founder1853 wetter-off1883 smalt-maker1921 smalter1923 presser1962 firer1998 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iv. iii. 376 A piece of Smalt-Glass. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) The necessity of having expert workmen for the smalt-making. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Intelligent persons are necessary in the smalt-works. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 302 A round smalt furnace. 1863 Fraser's Mag. Dec. 699/1 The sea had assumed a deep smalt colour. 1921 Dict. Occup. Terms (1927) §143 Smalt maker, places powdered mixture of cobalt oxide, silica (pure sand) and potassium carbonate into a wheeled fireclay crucible [etc.]. 1923 Chambers's Jrnl. 15 Dec. 36/1 The supreme obstacle confronting the smalt-makers. 2008 N. Eastaugh et al. Pigment Compend. (new ed.) 874 Pale blue angular shards of smalt glass. Derivatives ˈsmalter n. rare a person who prepares smalt. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > glass-maker > [noun] > involved in specific process glass-blower?1518 annealer1656 sarole-man1662 lamp-worker1665 leer man1849 founder1853 wetter-off1883 smalt-maker1921 smalter1923 presser1962 firer1998 1923 Chambers's Jrnl. 15 Dec. 36/1 The Venetian glassmakers..were content to purchase their requirements from the ‘smalters’ of Germany. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1558
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