littoraladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈlɪt(ə)rəl/,

/ˈlɪt(ə)rl̩/, U.S.

/ˈlɪdərəl/

Forms: Also 1600s litorall, litteral, 1600s–1800s litoral.

Etymology: < Latin littorālis, better lītorālis, < lītor-, lītus (often written littus) shore. Compare French littoral.

A. adj.

a. Of or pertaining to the shore; existing, taking place upon, or adjacent to the shore.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adjective]

litorean1656

littoral1656

shory1684

tide-water1832

coastal1883

shoreside1948

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Litoral, of or belonging to the Sea-side or shore.

1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility v. 125 The litteral parts when they are just against the rising Sun are sooner inlightned.

1803 Edinb. Rev. 1 378 The British forces would only attack by sea, or by a littoral warfare.

1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 346 The littoral Cordillera of Brazil.

1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. v. 151 The beneficial action of the sea air is apparent on our littoral climate.

1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 320 The littoral extent of Italy is, in proportion to its area, very considerable.

1875 Wonders Physical World ii. ii. 223 The ice of littoral glaciers exhibits a green colour.

1895 W. J. Hoffman Beginnings of Writing 44 The Innuit of littoral Alaska.

b. Zoology, Geology, etc.: Growing, living, or deposited on the ‘littoral zone’ (see quot. 1876).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adjective] > beach > existing on

littoral1661

1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. A6^v Fishes..are either pelagious, living in the main sea,..or litorall, living neer the shore.

1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Litoral shells.

1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 66 Some [Shell-fish] are even littoral, or inhabit the shores.

1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 151 There were then also littoral formations in progress, such as are indicated by the English Crag.

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xv. 346 The islands were here,..composed of a stratified littoral deposit.

1866 R. Tate Plain & Easy Acct. Mollusks Great Brit. iv. 82 Limax gagates is a littoral animal.

1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) iii. 76 The Littoral [zone] lies between high and low water mark.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 419/1 Litoral, Littoral, Belonging to or growing on the seashore or rivershore.

B. n.

A littoral district; the region lying along the shore. [After Italian littorale, French littoral.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near coast > [noun] > maritime district

marinec1313

maritime1591

shorea1616

sea-border1686

shore-land1807

littoral1828

1815 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XII. 287 By the cession to Geneva of part of the littorale of the lake by the King of Sardinia.]

1828 H. D. Best Italy 54 He has obtained a littoral, or sea-coast, stretching along the whole of his continental territory.

1859 W. H. Gregory Egypt II. 193 The towns along the Mediterranean littoral.

1868 E. P. Wright Ocean World iv. 79 The sand of the littoral of all existing seas is so full of these minute but elegant shells.

1882 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis Pref. 7 The Russian settlements on the Eastern Caspian littoral.

1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 162 The portion of the Caribbean littoral commonly known as the Mosquito Coast.

Draft additions 1997

Histology. [After German Uferzelle, lit. ‘shore cell’ (H. Siegmund 1923, in Münch. med. Wochenschr. 70 5/2).] Designating a cell of the macrophage system which occurs temporarily attached to the walls of the sinuses in lymphoid tissue.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [adjective] > phagocytic cells > leucocyte or lymphocyte

cytoid1853

lymphocytic1896

macrophagic1904

lymphoblastic1905

littoral1930

neutrophil1930

1930 A. A. Maximow & W. Bloom Text-bk. Histol. v. 103 The cells which line the walls of the sinuses, and which are attached to the fibers passing through the cavity of these spaces, often have a decidedly flattened form and are somewhat similar to endothelial cells... Their biological properties, especially the storing of vital dyes and the transformation into phagocytosing, free, ameboid macrophages are identical with those of the reticular cells of the lymphoid tissue... Their flattened form is merely an adaptation to their peculiar position on the wall of channels through which the lymph flows. They may be called conveniently the littoral cells of the histiocytic system.

1938 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 47 459 The subcapsular lymph sinus and its continuations are lined with specialised endothelial cells or littoral cells..which lie on their margins and on the loose network of reticulin fibrils which cross their cavity.

1985 C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) v. 166/2 The sinuses present within lymphoid tissue are lined by littoral cells of the macrophage system.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	littoral
释义	littoraladj.n. Brit. /ˈlɪt(ə)rəl/, /ˈlɪt(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈlɪdərəl/ Forms: Also 1600s litorall, litteral, 1600s–1800s litoral. Etymology: < Latin littorālis, better lītorālis, < lītor-, lītus (often written littus) shore. Compare French littoral. A. adj. a. Of or pertaining to the shore; existing, taking place upon, or adjacent to the shore. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adjective] litorean1656 littoral1656 shory1684 tide-water1832 coastal1883 shoreside1948 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Litoral, of or belonging to the Sea-side or shore. 1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility v. 125 The litteral parts when they are just against the rising Sun are sooner inlightned. 1803 Edinb. Rev. 1 378 The British forces would only attack by sea, or by a littoral warfare. 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 346 The littoral Cordillera of Brazil. 1853 J. Phillips Rivers, Mountains, & Sea-coast Yorks. v. 151 The beneficial action of the sea air is apparent on our littoral climate. 1869 G. Rawlinson Man. Anc. Hist. 320 The littoral extent of Italy is, in proportion to its area, very considerable. 1875 Wonders Physical World ii. ii. 223 The ice of littoral glaciers exhibits a green colour. 1895 W. J. Hoffman Beginnings of Writing 44 The Innuit of littoral Alaska. b. Zoology, Geology, etc.: Growing, living, or deposited on the ‘littoral zone’ (see quot. 1876). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [adjective] > beach > existing on littoral1661 1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia Isagoge sig. A6^v Fishes..are either pelagious, living in the main sea,..or litorall, living neer the shore. 1731 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Litoral shells. 1776 E. M. da Costa Elements Conchol. 66 Some [Shell-fish] are even littoral, or inhabit the shores. 1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 151 There were then also littoral formations in progress, such as are indicated by the English Crag. 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. xv. 346 The islands were here,..composed of a stratified littoral deposit. 1866 R. Tate Plain & Easy Acct. Mollusks Great Brit. iv. 82 Limax gagates is a littoral animal. 1876 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 6) iii. 76 The Littoral [zone] lies between high and low water mark. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 419/1 Litoral, Littoral, Belonging to or growing on the seashore or rivershore. B. n. A littoral district; the region lying along the shore. [After Italian littorale, French littoral.] ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near coast > [noun] > maritime district marinec1313 maritime1591 shorea1616 sea-border1686 shore-land1807 littoral1828 1815 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) XII. 287 By the cession to Geneva of part of the littorale of the lake by the King of Sardinia.] 1828 H. D. Best Italy 54 He has obtained a littoral, or sea-coast, stretching along the whole of his continental territory. 1859 W. H. Gregory Egypt II. 193 The towns along the Mediterranean littoral. 1868 E. P. Wright Ocean World iv. 79 The sand of the littoral of all existing seas is so full of these minute but elegant shells. 1882 E. O'Donovan Merv Oasis Pref. 7 The Russian settlements on the Eastern Caspian littoral. 1894 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 162 The portion of the Caribbean littoral commonly known as the Mosquito Coast. Draft additions 1997 Histology. [After German Uferzelle, lit. ‘shore cell’ (H. Siegmund 1923, in Münch. med. Wochenschr. 70 5/2).] Designating a cell of the macrophage system which occurs temporarily attached to the walls of the sinuses in lymphoid tissue. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [adjective] > phagocytic cells > leucocyte or lymphocyte cytoid1853 lymphocytic1896 macrophagic1904 lymphoblastic1905 littoral1930 neutrophil1930 1930 A. A. Maximow & W. Bloom Text-bk. Histol. v. 103 The cells which line the walls of the sinuses, and which are attached to the fibers passing through the cavity of these spaces, often have a decidedly flattened form and are somewhat similar to endothelial cells... Their biological properties, especially the storing of vital dyes and the transformation into phagocytosing, free, ameboid macrophages are identical with those of the reticular cells of the lymphoid tissue... Their flattened form is merely an adaptation to their peculiar position on the wall of channels through which the lymph flows. They may be called conveniently the littoral cells of the histiocytic system. 1938 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 47 459 The subcapsular lymph sinus and its continuations are lined with specialised endothelial cells or littoral cells..which lie on their margins and on the loose network of reticulin fibrils which cross their cavity. 1985 C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) v. 166/2 The sinuses present within lymphoid tissue are lined by littoral cells of the macrophage system. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1656
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