单词 | lightweight |
释义 | lightweightn.adj. A. n. 1. A person or animal under the average weight, or that is relatively light in weight. Also: a thing, esp. a vehicle, vessel, etc., that is relatively light in weight. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > [noun] > that which is light lightweight1770 featherweight1838 1770 Younger Brother I. ii. 14 ‘Tally-o!’ cries Dick Hunt, ‘hark forward you light weights there!’ 1797 E. Marshall Edmund & Eleonora II. liii. 13 My whipper-in, who is a light weight, shall be turned into postillion. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant III. iv. 112 Presently entered the landlord,..a light weight of five-and-thirty. 1897 Outing 29 542/2 Some breeders of the more numerous lightweights [sc. dogs] have gone a trifle too far in their efforts to secure a fineness likely to catch the judge's eye. 1908 Daily Rep. 20 July 9/1 Lightweights of 2 h.p. are quite capable of averaging well over 20 m.p.h. 1956 P. W. Bidwell What Tariff means to Amer. Industries iv. 80 Americans..who had seen and ridden the lightweights when abroad, began to buy English bicycles for their children. 2009 D. Morris & S. Parker Planet Ape 26 Other arboreal primates are typically lightweights, able to scamper about in the treetops. 2. a. Horse Racing. In a handicap race: a horse carrying a light weight or light handicap. Also: a jockey riding at a low weight. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > horse by performance lightweight1773 sticker1779 maiden1807 favourite1813 mile-horse1829 outsider1836 heavyweight1857 stayer1862 stoner1862 rank outsider1869 pick1872 pot1874 timer1881 resurrectionist1883 short head1883 pea1888 cert1889 stiffa1890 wrong 'un1889 on the mark1890 place horse1890 top-weight1892 miler1894 also-ran1895 selection1901 loser1902 hotpot1904 roughie1908 co-favourite1922 readier1922 springer1922 fav1935 scratch1938 no-hoper1943 shoo-in1950 scorer1974 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by purpose used for > [noun] > racehorse > carrying specific weight lightweight1773 heavyweight1857 stoner1862 top-weight1892 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > required or suitable weight of rider > types of lightweight1773 featherweight1812 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > people involved in horse racing > [noun] > rider > types of feather1760 lightweight1773 welter1804 steeple hunter1830 a bad waster1833 steeplechaser1837 heavyweight1857 stoner1862 roper1870 point-to-pointer1929 jumping jockey1947 jump jockey1970 1773 E. Burke Let. 19 July in Corr. (1960) II. 449 Send him a clever Lad who can ride light weights. 1840 Bell's Life in London 27 Sept. Four lads accompany them to ride light weights. 1872 Oriental Sporting Mag. Oct. 489 How often has it happened that jockeys, who as light-weights have commanded the attention of the racing world, have, when come to years of maturity, sunk into utter insignificance. 1999 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 16 May (Sport section) 50 The 27-year-old is the son of JV Smith who rode as a lightweight for Dermot Weld and his father Charlie. 2018 Yorks. Evening Post (Nexis) 27 Sept. For me, it was harder than most because I was a big lad trying to ride light weights. b. Originally Boxing. A weight class traditionally falling between featherweight and welterweight (although see note); a competitor in this weight class. Also used in other combat sports.The exact weight categories and weight limits vary in different sports and have changed over time; they also vary according to other factors such as the professional status and gender of competitors. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > boxer > of specific weight welter1804 lightweight1817 middleweight1847 heavyweight1857 light middleweight1885 light-heavyweight1887 featherweight1889 light-heavy1892 light welterweight1892 welter weight1896 light welter1904 super heavyweight1907 middle1908 fly-weight1911 heavy1913 superheavy1917 cruiser-weight1920 light flyweight1922 cruiser1928 mini-flyweight1971 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [noun] > weight > weight division lightweight1817 bantam weight1884 light middleweight1885 featherweight1889 light-heavyweight1891 light-heavy1895 fly-weight1911 cruiser-weight1920 light flyweight1922 1817 Morning Chron. 17 Jan. Scroggins..is now the champion of the light weights, and will fight any thing under 11 stone and a half, for one or three hundred. 1863 Chambers's Jrnl. 7 Mar. 147/1 He never lifted his eyes from the exciting details of the Champion Fight of the Light Weights. 1920 New Internat. Year Bk. 1919 65/1 Boxing (winners of finals)—bantamweight, Digger Evans, Australia; featherweight, De Ponthieu, France; lightweight, McNeil, U.S.; [etc.]. 1965 Black Belt May 31 (heading) In life and on the mat, America's top lightweight sticks with this simple dictum: ‘Judo, 100 percent’. 2015 Metro 3 Aug. (London ed.) 46/1 He won the battle of the Hull lightweights with a tenth-round stoppage in an electrifying encounter on Saturday night. c. Rowing. A rower or crew competing in a weight class where limits are placed on the maximum body weight of the competitors. ΚΠ 1834 Bell's Life in London 27 July Eighteen gentlemen entered their names as competitors, and a heavy and a light weight were drawn to row together. 1924 Water Sports May 6/2 Last year the lightweights..made a good showing at the Central States Regatta. 2001 S. Wales Echo (Nexis) 12 Nov. (Sport section) 16 The 6.5km event on the weekend saw the Welsh sculling quartet finish an impressive 15th out of 200 crews, which proved a mammoth effort given the Welsh women are classed as lightweights. 3. figurative. A person or thing of little importance, profundity, or intelligence. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > foolish person, fool > [noun] > of small significance dud1721 lightweight1831 tit1881 mess1891 schmuck1892 schmendrick1897 Little Willie1901 schlepper1901 wally1922 klutz1925 twerp1925 twit1934 jerk1935 schmo1937 shmegegge1937 schlep1939 sad sack1943 no-hoper1944 Joe Schmo1947 jerko1949 nerk1955 prat1955 schmucko1959 Herbert1960 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > of little importance nekardc1450 man of clouts, king of clouts1467 dandiprat1556 Tom Thumb1579 minim1590 pygmy?1592 titmouse1596 gnatling1614 rye straw1615 nazzard1619 whisk1629 whifling1640 snifty1660 whippersnapper1674 nick-ninny1699 little me1711 squita1825 lightweight1831 lay figure1835 whiffet1839 pinkeen1850 huckleberry1868 bush leaguer1906 knibloch1915 1831 New Monthly Mag. 32 124 Let us ask this nonpareil of the light weights of the Blue and Yellow, what meaning he attaches to the term ‘theory’, and how he would contra-distinguish it from practice? 1902 G. H. Lorimer Lett. Merchant (1903) ii. 19 That is the spot where a young man has the chance to show that he is not a lightweight. 1962 Listener 25 Jan. 185/2 Of the other stories in this book, those by the long-established writers..are light-weights. 1965 Eng. Stud. 46 209 After Holiness or Justice, Courtesy may seem as something of a light-weight. 2013 Ethical Theory & Moral Pract. 16 530 Its proponents, such as Ayn Rand, are portrayed as intellectual lightweights—or worse, as kooks. 4. A garment, esp. a suit, made from lightweight material. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] > made from specific material > with specific qualities > article of shag1634 poodle1827 lightweight1919 1919 Photoplay Jan. 80/2 The natives and others who had become accustomed to Flatbush and its weather are still wearing lightweights. 1930 Daily Mail 2 May 8/5 It feels fine to shed winterwear and put on Morley lightweights. So loose and light. 1973 R. Busby Pattern of Violence v. 80 He..picked up a man's suit jacket from the floor. It was a grey lightweight. 1995 Financial Times 23 Sept. (Weekend section) p. xvii A summer lightweight, a Prince of Wales check, a navy, a charcoal grey and the ubiquitous dress suit. 5. A person who easily gets drunk or has low alcohol tolerance. ΚΠ 1937 Blackwood's Mag. May 616/2 I realised that the mixture was no longer tea flavoured by whisky... ‘You're both lightweights’. 1962 Spectator 9 Mar. 293/2 I had known empirically for years, that I have no head for alcohol; I'm a lightweight. 2016 K. Parks Lifeboat Clique v. 54 I'm a lightweight, and the beer had started taking effect. B. adj. 1. Insignificant, inconsequential, trivial; slight; lacking intelligence or profundity. Also in a more neutral sense: not serious, light-hearted, breezy. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupidity, dullness of intellect > [adjective] sloweOE stuntc960 dullOE hardOE stuntlyc1000 sotc1050 dillc1175 dulta1225 simplea1325 heavy1340 astonedc1374 sheepishc1380 dull-witteda1387 lourd1390 steerishc1411 ass-likea1425 brainless?a1439 deafc1440 sluggishc1450 short-witted1477 obtuse1509 peakish1519 wearish1519 deaf, or dumb as a beetle1520 doileda1522 gross1526 headlessa1530 stulty1532 ass-headed1533 pot-headed1533 stupid?1541 sheep's head1542 doltish1543 dumpish1545 assish1548 blockish1548 slow-witted1548 blockheaded1549 surd1551 dull-headed1552 hammer-headed1552 skit-brained?1553 buzzardly1561 witless1562 log-headeda1566 assy1566 sottish1566 dastardly1567 stupidious1567 beetle-headed1570 calvish1570 bluntish1578 cod's-headed1578 grout-headed1578 bedaft1579 dull-pated1580 blate1581 buzzard-like1581 long-eared1582 dullard1583 woodena1586 duncical1588 leaden-headed1589 buzzard1592 dorbellical1592 dunstical1592 heavy-headeda1593 shallow-brained1592 blunt-witted1594 mossy1597 Bœotian1598 clay-brained1598 fat1598 fat-witted1598 knotty-pated1598 stupidous1598 wit-lost1599 barren1600 duncifiedc1600 lourdish1600 stockish1600 thick1600 booby1603 leaden-pated1603 partless1603 thin-headed1603 leaden-skulledc1604 blockhead1606 frost-brained1606 ram-headed1608 beef-witted1609 insulse1609 leaden-spirited1609 asininec1610 clumse1611 blockheadly1612 wattle-headed1613 flata1616 logger-headeda1616 puppy-headeda1616 shallow-patedc1616 thick-brained1619 half-headed1621 buzzard-blinda1625 beef-brained1628 toom-headed1629 thick-witted1634 woollen-witted1635 squirrel-headed1637 clod-pated1639 lean-souled1639 muddy-headed1642 leaden-witteda1645 as sad as any mallet1645 under-headed1646 fat-headed1647 half-witted1647 insipid1651 insulsate1652 soft-headed1653 thick-skulleda1657 muddish1658 non-intelligent1659 whey-brained1660 sap-headed1665 timber-headed1666 leather-headeda1668 out of (one's) tree1669 boobily1673 thoughtless1673 lourdly1674 logger1675 unintelligenta1676 Bœotic1678 chicken-brained1678 under-witted1683 loggerhead1684 dunderheaded1692 unintelligible1694 buffle-headed1697 crassicc1700 numbskulled1707 crassous1708 doddy-polled1708 haggis-headed1715 niddy-noddy1722 muzzy1723 pudding-headed1726 sumphish1728 pitcher-souleda1739 duncey1743 hebete1743 chuckheaded1756 dumb1756 duncely1757 imbecile1766 mutton-headed1768 chuckle-headed1770 jobbernowl1770 dowfarta1774 boobyish1778 wittol1780 staumrel1787 opaquec1789 stoopid1791 mud-headed1793 borné1795 muzzy-headed1798 nog-headed1800 thick-headed1801 gypit1804 duncish1805 lightweight1809 numbskull1814 tup-headed1816 chuckle-pate1820 unintellectuala1821 dense1822 ninnyish1822 dunch1825 fozy1825 potato-headed1826 beef-headed1828 donkeyish1831 blockheadish1833 pinheaded1837 squirrel-minded1837 pumpkin-headed1838 tomfoolish1838 dundering1840 chicken-headed1842 like a bump on a log1842 ninny-minded1849 numbheadeda1852 nincompoopish1852 suet-brained1852 dolly1853 mullet-headed1853 sodden1853 fiddle-headed1854 numb1854 bovine1855 logy1859 crass1861 unsmart1861 off his chump1864 wooden-headed1865 stupe1866 lean-minded1867 duffing1869 cretinous1871 doddering1871 thick-head1873 doddling1874 stupido1879 boneheaded1883 woolly-headed1883 leaden-natured1889 suet-headed1890 sam-sodden1891 dopey1896 turnip-headed1898 bonehead1903 wool-witted1905 peanut-headed1906 peanut-brained1907 dilly1909 torpid-minded1909 retardate1912 nitwitted1917 meat-headed1918 mug1922 cloth-headed1925 loopy1925 nitwit1928 lame-brained1929 dead from the neck up1930 simpy1932 nail-headed1936 square-headed1936 dingbats1937 pinhead1939 dim-witted1940 pea-brained1942 clueless1943 lobotomized1943 retarded1949 pointy-headed1950 clottish1952 like a stunned mullet1953 silly (or crazy) as a two-bob watch1954 out to lunch1955 pin-brained1958 dozy1959 eejity1964 out of one's tiny mind1965 doofus1967 twitty1967 twittish1969 twatty1975 twattish1976 blur1977 dof1979 goofus1981 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 numpty1992 cockish1996 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > of little importance or trivial eathlyc890 lighteOE littleOE small?c1225 singlec1449 easy1474 triflous1509 naughty1526 slender1530 slight1548 shrimpish1549 slipper1567 truanta1572 toyous1581 trivious1583 mean1585 silly1587 nicea1594 puny?1594 puisne1598 pusill1599 whindling1601 sapless1602 non-significant1603 poor1603 unsignificant1603 flea-bite1605 perishing1605 lank1607 weightless1610 fonda1616 penny farthing1615 triviala1616 unweighty1621 transitory1637 twattling1651 inconsiderate1655 unserious1655 nugal1656 small drink1656 slighty1662 minute1668 paddling1679 snitling1682 retail1697 Lilliputian1726 vain1731 rattletrap1760 peppercornish1762 peppercorn1791 underling1804 venial1806 lightweight1809 floccinaucical1826 small-bore1833 minified1837 trantlum1838 piffling1848 tea-tabular1855 potty1860 whipping-snapping1861 tea-gardeny1862 quiddling1863 twaddling1863 fidgeting1865 penny ante1865 feather-weighted1870 jerkwater1877 midget1879 mimsy1880 shirttail1881 two-by-four1885 footle1894 skittery1905 footery1929 Mickey Mouse1931 chickenshit1934 minoritized1945 marginal1952 marginalized1961 tea-party1961 little league1962 marginalizing1977 minnowy1991 the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [adjective] > insubstantial > frivolous or not serious frivolous?1563 lusorious1619 lusory1653 fribbling1654 fribblish1768 fribble1798 nidgetty1798 lightweight1809 fidfad1830 frivolling1882 footling1888 1809 E. S. Barrett Setting Sun I. 39 May we not see in them the hand-writing on the wall,..the end of the government of light-weight princes? 1880 N.Y. Times 16 Oct. 4/3 Mr. Barnum, like many another lightweight Democrat, has become so accustomed to bawl ‘Fraud!’ on every possible occasion. 1930 J. T. Hatfield et al. Curme Vol. Ling. Stud. 52 The intervening verbs are chiefly light-weight grammatical words. 1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Dec. 751/2 One cannot reproach him with having produced a rather lightweight book. 1992 N.Y. Mag. 13 July 100/5 Ronald Reagan stars in this engaging, lightweight comedy about a college professor who, for the sake of a heredity experiment, treats a chimp as his own child. 2008 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 22 Aug. 7 It's an under-achieving, lightweight movie that settles for a few competent gags and doesn't bother to take risks. 2. Of a person or animal: relatively light in weight, under the average weight; spec. (Horse Racing and Sport) designated or classified as a lightweight (see sense A. 2). Also: designating a competition, race, etc., for lightweights. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [adjective] > types of maiden1598 well-run1601 unequal1654 well contested1722 returned1758 friendly1780 close-run1813 foursome1814 lightweight1823 tight1828 side1829 one-sided1839 scratch1851 international1859 all-comers1860 scrub1867 pointless1876 scoreless1885 replayed1886 peg-down1887 all-star1889 stiff1890 varsity1891 postseason1893 knock-out1896 best-of-(a specified odd number)1897 seeded1901 junior varsity1902 Simon Pure1905 pegged-down1908 JV1923 zero-sum1944 tie-breaking1970 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > boxing > [adjective] > attributes of boxer muffled1721 lightweight1823 punch-drunk1911 punchless1913 southpaw1914 light welter1950 1823 Morning Chron. 6 Oct. Winterflood, a light-weight boxer, celebrated for his fights with Painter, Abbott, and others. 1857 G. A. Lawrence Guy Livingstone ix. 80 Having her [sc. a mare] broken into a perfect light-weight hunter. 1880 W. Day Racehorse in Training 198 The runners in the welter races have surpassed those in the light-weight handicaps by two. 1896 Daily News 12 June 6/3 His engagement as a light-weight jockey. 1935 Southern Campus (Univ. California, Los Angeles) 309 The introduction of intercollegiate lightweight basketball, has shown the proficiency of shorter men for this sport. 1951 Call (Perth, Austral.) 2 Aug. 7/4 Denny is on his way to the National lightweight title over there. 1996 Total Sport July 38/1 Martin is the Women's World Lightweight Champion. 3. Chiefly of clothes, materials, objects, etc.: light in weight. Of liquids, substances, etc.: light in consistency. Of coins: below the standard or legal weight, underweight. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [adjective] > other smalleOE lightc1230 round1402 side-necked1430 wanton1489 Spanish1530 tucked1530 lustya1555 civil1582 open-breasted1598 full1601 everlasting1607 sheeten1611 nothinga1616 burly1651 pin-up1677 slouching1691 double-breasted1701 negligée1718 translated1727 uniform1746 undress1777 single-breasted1796 unworn1798 mamalone1799 costumic1801 safeguard1822 Tom and Jerry1830 lightweight1837 fancy dress1844 wrap-1845 hen-skin1846 Mary Stuart1846 well-cut1849 mousquetaire1851 empire1852 costumary1853 solid1859 spring weight1869 Henri II1870 western1881 hard-boiled1882 man-of-war1883 Henley1886 demi-season1890 Gretchen1890 toreador1892 crossover1893 French cut1896 drifty1897 boxy1898 Buster Brown1902 Romney1903 modistic1907 Peter Pan1908 classic1909 Fauntleroy1911 baby doll1912 flared1928 flare1929 tuck-in1929 unpressed1932 Edwardian1934 swingy1937 topless1937 wraparound1937 dressed-down1939 cover-up1942 Sun Yat-sen1942 utility1942 non-utility1948 sudsable1951 off-the-shoulder1953 peasant1953 flareless1954 A-line1955 matador1955 stretch1956 wash-and-wear1959 layered1962 Tom Jones1964 Carnaby Street1965 Action Man1966 Mao-style1967 wear-dated1968 thermal1970 bondage1980 swaggery1980 hoochie1990 mitumba1990 kinderwhore1994 the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > [adjective] lightOE leger1483 lightsome1578 light-weighted1802 lightweight1898 society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [adjective] > heavy or light peisec1450 weighty1617 lightweight1898 1837 N.-Y. Spectator 12 June (advt.) 200 boxes Hobart's full and light weight Tacks. 1848 Lloyd's Weekly London Newspaper 14 May 6/2 Light weight Over Coats, lined through with silk. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 24 June 1/3 Some light-weight Colonial gold coins. 1902 Daily Chron. 8 Nov. 8/3 Every woman who walks much clings to a light-weight Russian blouse. 1953 News Chron. 2 June 2/2 Squatting to drink it [sc. tea] in the light-weight (six pound) proofed cotton nylon tents. 1998 Balloons & Airships July 13/3 Advances in engineering have resulted in airships constructed from state of the art materials such as carbon fibre, kevlar and lightweight alloys. 2013 Straits Times (Singapore) 23 Aug. (Urban section) 8/1 Apply a thin layer of lightweight eye serum around your eyes to hydrate the delicate skin. 2018 Pioneer (India) (Nexis) 24 Apr. Embrace the summer in lightweight fabrics, bright colors and free-flowing shapes. Derivatives ˈlight-weighted adj. of light weight; carrying a light weight. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > [adjective] lightOE leger1483 lightsome1578 light-weighted1802 lightweight1898 the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > [adjective] > carrying a light weight light-weighted1802 1802 G. Culley Let. 6 Nov. in M. Culley & G. Culley Farming Lett. (2006) 375 We advised the turning out of Cuddy Harvey's steers and a spayed quey, a nice one which you had ordered to be cast, and a light-weighted beast or 2. 1867 J. R. Lowell in Atlantic Monthly Nov. 625/2 We..see the rather light-weighted great man wheeled round the room..to converse with his guests. 1905 Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 8/2 The London and Brighton Handicap Steeplechase on Friday may be won by the light-weighted Dam. 2008 B. Mahltig & T. Textor Nanosols & Textiles iii. 54 A light-weighted, flexible material with high (tensile) strength. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021). lightweightv. transitive. To reduce the amount or weight of materials used in the manufacture of (a product or its packaging), in order to maximize efficiency, conserve raw materials, and reduce transport costs or pollution. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > make light or lighter [verb (transitive)] lighta1225 lighten?a1425 alleviate1592 alightena1661 levitate1686 lightweight1955 1955 Central Glass & Ceramic Res. Inst. Bull. (Calcutta) Apr. 68/1 Some countries, especially the U.S.A., are turning to light-weighting the containers as it gives economy in glass, greater speed of production and reduced cost of freight. 1997 Environmental Law 27 1273 By extending the producer's responsibility to the product's disposal..issues previously outside the business calculus become of paramount importance... Can the packaging be lightweighted? Are the materials all recyclable? 2015 New Scientist 28 Feb. 23/1 According to Klausner, ‘lightweighting’ all cars and planes in the US would save 121 billion litres of fuel a year and cut carbon emissions by about 5 per cent. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021). < n.adj.1770v.1955 |
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