autotrophicadj.

Brit.

/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈtrɒfɪk/,

/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfɪk/, U.S.

/ˌɔdoʊˈtrɑfɪk/,

/ˌɔdəˈtrɑfɪk/,

/ˌɑdoʊˈtrɑfɪk/,

/ˌɑdəˈtrɑfɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: auto- comb. form¹, -trophic comb. form.

Etymology: < auto- comb. form¹ + -trophic comb. form, originally (in sense 1) after German autotroph (1883 or earlier). Compare Hellenistic Greek αὐτότροϕος bringing one's own provisions.

1. Biology. Of an organism: self-nourishing; capable of synthesizing organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules (such as carbon dioxide); not dependent upon organic compounds as a source of energy. Opposed to heterotrophic adj.Autotrophic organisms are the producers in a food chain and include plants and photosynthetic bacteria.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [adjective] > self-nourishing

holophytic1885

autotrophic1893

prototrophic1900

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective]

fieldya1382

waterya1382

agrestial1608

subterranean1638

lucifugous1654

nemoral1656

subcutaneous1664

subterraneous1832

subtidal1852

xylophilous1862

xerophilous1863

acid-loving1870

aerobic1878

aerobian1879

aerobious1879

aerobiotic1880

subaquatic1880

aerophilous1885

facultative1887

pelagic1887

aerophile1888

autotrophic1893

heterotrophic1893

plastic1893

thermophilic1894

thermophil1896

mesophilic1897

halolimnic1898

polybathic1898

tolerant1898

limnetic1899

thermophilous1899

metatrophic1900

mixotrophic1900

paratrophic1900

mesophilous1901

benthic1902

epibenthic1902

eurybathic1902

microaerophilic1903

sympatric1904

benthoal1905

cryophile1907

benthonic1909

microaerophile1909

lenitic1916

lotic1916

psychrotolerant1924

oligosaprobic1925

polysaprobic1925

aerophilic1929

saprobic1932

primary1934

lentic1935

chemoautotrophic1936

eurytopic1937

psammic1938

saprotrophic1942

prototrophic1946

chemolithoautotrophic1949

auxotrophic1950

chemolithotrophic1953

chemoorganotrophic1953

opportunist1956

psychrophile1956

psychrophilic1958

opportunistic1960

psychrotrophic1960

oligosaprobe1990

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > relationships of organisms > [adjective] > autonomy

autonomous1838

autotrophic1893

axenic1942

1893 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 665 According as lichens carry on their existence with or without these lodgers, the author [sc. Minks] places them respectively under the head of ‘autotrophic’ or ‘heterotrophic’ lichens.

1901 I. B. Balfour in Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 820 The root-difference between plants and animals is one of nutrition. Plants are autotrophic, animals heterotrophic.

1947 Endeavour 6 173 Nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae are the most completely autotrophic organisms known.

2008 R. E. Lee Phycology (ed. 4) iv. 96/2 Rhodophycean organisms range from autotrophic, independent plants to complete heterotrophic parasites.

2. Ecology. Of a lake, stream, etc.: receiving its organic matter mainly or wholly from sources internal to the body of water, esp. its indigenous flora and fauna. Cf. allotrophic adj. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > [adjective] > circulation

allotrophic1927

autotrophic1927

holomictic1937

meromictic1937

monomictic1956

1927 E. A. Birge & C. Juday in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 66 371 Lakes derive their organic matter both from internal and external sources. Many lakes..are dependent wholly on internal sources and may be called autotrophic. They receive water directly from rain and from a very limited drainage which has passed through a sand filter.

1975 E. Pieczyńska in A. D. Hasler Coupling of Land & Water Syst. xi. 263 The importance of the allochthonous input is visible in typological classifications of lakes: e.g., allotrophic, mixotrophic, and autotrophic.

2000 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 45 1025/2 Ammonium uptake in Upper Ball Creek had mass transfer coefficients similar to those found in an autotrophic, prairie stream.

Derivatives

autoˈtrophically adv. in an autotrophic manner; as an autotrophic organism.

ΚΠ

1907 E. B. Voorhees & J. G. Lipman Rev. Investig. Soil Bacteriol. 26 Because of its ability to develop autotrophically in hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxid, and also heterotrophically on most organic media, Kaserer proposed to name it B[acillus] pantotrophus.

1932 Arch. f. Mikrobiol. 4 149 This external source of energy renders possible the reduction of CO₂, the only source of carbon for organisms living autotrophically.

2000 M. Bliss et al. Adv. Biol. v. 83 Some flagellates can feed either autotrophically or heterotrophically depending on the conditions.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	autotrophic
释义	autotrophicadj. Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈtrɒfɪk/, /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfɪk/, U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈtrɑfɪk/, /ˌɔdəˈtrɑfɪk/, /ˌɑdoʊˈtrɑfɪk/, /ˌɑdəˈtrɑfɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: auto- comb. form¹, -trophic comb. form. Etymology: < auto- comb. form¹ + -trophic comb. form, originally (in sense 1) after German autotroph (1883 or earlier). Compare Hellenistic Greek αὐτότροϕος bringing one's own provisions. 1. Biology. Of an organism: self-nourishing; capable of synthesizing organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules (such as carbon dioxide); not dependent upon organic compounds as a source of energy. Opposed to heterotrophic adj.Autotrophic organisms are the producers in a food chain and include plants and photosynthetic bacteria. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [adjective] > self-nourishing holophytic1885 autotrophic1893 prototrophic1900 the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in relation to habitat > [adjective] fieldya1382 waterya1382 agrestial1608 subterranean1638 lucifugous1654 nemoral1656 subcutaneous1664 subterraneous1832 subtidal1852 xylophilous1862 xerophilous1863 acid-loving1870 aerobic1878 aerobian1879 aerobious1879 aerobiotic1880 subaquatic1880 aerophilous1885 facultative1887 pelagic1887 aerophile1888 autotrophic1893 heterotrophic1893 plastic1893 thermophilic1894 thermophil1896 mesophilic1897 halolimnic1898 polybathic1898 tolerant1898 limnetic1899 thermophilous1899 metatrophic1900 mixotrophic1900 paratrophic1900 mesophilous1901 benthic1902 epibenthic1902 eurybathic1902 microaerophilic1903 sympatric1904 benthoal1905 cryophile1907 benthonic1909 microaerophile1909 lenitic1916 lotic1916 psychrotolerant1924 oligosaprobic1925 polysaprobic1925 aerophilic1929 saprobic1932 primary1934 lentic1935 chemoautotrophic1936 eurytopic1937 psammic1938 saprotrophic1942 prototrophic1946 chemolithoautotrophic1949 auxotrophic1950 chemolithotrophic1953 chemoorganotrophic1953 opportunist1956 psychrophile1956 psychrophilic1958 opportunistic1960 psychrotrophic1960 oligosaprobe1990 the world > life > biology > balance of nature > relationships of organisms > [adjective] > autonomy autonomous1838 autotrophic1893 axenic1942 1893 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 665 According as lichens carry on their existence with or without these lodgers, the author [sc. Minks] places them respectively under the head of ‘autotrophic’ or ‘heterotrophic’ lichens. 1901 I. B. Balfour in Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 820 The root-difference between plants and animals is one of nutrition. Plants are autotrophic, animals heterotrophic. 1947 Endeavour 6 173 Nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae are the most completely autotrophic organisms known. 2008 R. E. Lee Phycology (ed. 4) iv. 96/2 Rhodophycean organisms range from autotrophic, independent plants to complete heterotrophic parasites. 2. Ecology. Of a lake, stream, etc.: receiving its organic matter mainly or wholly from sources internal to the body of water, esp. its indigenous flora and fauna. Cf. allotrophic adj. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [adjective] > circulation allotrophic1927 autotrophic1927 holomictic1937 meromictic1937 monomictic1956 1927 E. A. Birge & C. Juday in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 66 371 Lakes derive their organic matter both from internal and external sources. Many lakes..are dependent wholly on internal sources and may be called autotrophic. They receive water directly from rain and from a very limited drainage which has passed through a sand filter. 1975 E. Pieczyńska in A. D. Hasler Coupling of Land & Water Syst. xi. 263 The importance of the allochthonous input is visible in typological classifications of lakes: e.g., allotrophic, mixotrophic, and autotrophic. 2000 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 45 1025/2 Ammonium uptake in Upper Ball Creek had mass transfer coefficients similar to those found in an autotrophic, prairie stream. Derivatives autoˈtrophically adv. in an autotrophic manner; as an autotrophic organism. ΚΠ 1907 E. B. Voorhees & J. G. Lipman Rev. Investig. Soil Bacteriol. 26 Because of its ability to develop autotrophically in hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxid, and also heterotrophically on most organic media, Kaserer proposed to name it B[acillus] pantotrophus. 1932 Arch. f. Mikrobiol. 4 149 This external source of energy renders possible the reduction of CO₂, the only source of carbon for organisms living autotrophically. 2000 M. Bliss et al. Adv. Biol. v. 83 Some flagellates can feed either autotrophically or heterotrophically depending on the conditions. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1893
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