largessen.

Brit.

/lɑːˈ(d)ʒɛs/, U.S.

/lɑrˈ(d)ʒɛs/

Forms: Middle English largesce, Middle English largeys, Middle English largice, Middle English largys, Middle English–1600s larges, Middle English– largess, Middle English– largesse, 1500s largese, 1600s lardges, 1600s largise; Scottish pre-1700 lairges, pre-1700 largeas, pre-1700 larges, pre-1700 largese, pre-1700 largis, pre-1700 lerges, pre-1700 1800s– largesse.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French largesse.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French largece, Anglo-Norman and Middle French largesce, largesse (French largesse ) generosity, liberality (c1155; 1340 as personification of this virtue; 1419 or earlier as a call for a gift of money; c1150 in sense ‘breadth, width’), magnanimity (c1300 or earlier), act of generous giving (early 14th cent. or earlier), lavish or prodigal giving (first half of the 14th cent.), (chiefly in plural) lavish gift (1349), in Anglo-Norman also liberty, privilege (probably 15th cent.) < large large adj. + -esse -ess suffix². Compare Old Occitan largueza, Spanish largueza (first half of the 13th cent.; c1200 as †largeza), Portuguese largueza (13th cent.), Italian larghezza (13th cent.).In to do (give, make) largesse at sense 2a(b) after Anglo-Norman faire sa largesce (c1240 or earlier), Middle French faire largesse (second half of the 14th cent.). Compare the earlier occurrence of classical Latin largitās generosity, liberality, munificence, as the name of the virtue (compare sense 1) in English contexts:OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 297 Seo þridde miht is largitas, þæt is cystignes on englisc [a1225 Lamb. 487 Largitas, þet is custinesse on englisc]. N.E.D. (1902) gives the pronunciation as (lā·ɹdʒes) /ˈlɑːdʒɛs/.

Now archaic and literary.

1. The willingness to spend freely; (the virtue of) generosity; liberality, munificence. Also: this virtue personified.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality

freedomOE

custinessOE

largesse?c1225

freeshipa1250

franchisec1325

largitya1382

largenessa1387

liberalityc1390

bountya1400

honestya1400

freenessc1400

largec1400

liberalnessc1410

munificencec1425

plentyc1425

bounteousnessc1440

magnificencec1450

bountifulness1489

bountines1512

royalty1548

magnificency?c1550

munificency?c1550

free-heartedness1583

profuseness1584

bountihead1590

lavishness1590

frankness1591

ingenuousness1611

fruitfulnessa1616

generosity1634

open-handednessa1640

large-heartedness1640

communicativeness1653

unsparingness1818

free-handedness1860

big-heartedness1872

ungrudgingness1885

two-handedness1891

outgivingness1968

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 304 Of ancre curteisie. of ancre largesce is icumen ofte sunne.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 50 Heo is lilie of largesse; heo is paruenke of prouesse.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vi. l. 112 Largesse þe ladi ledeþ in ful monye.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §210 Ihu crist yeueth vs thise yiftes of his largesse & of his souereyn bountee.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 4119 Of myne helply lady souereyne Largesse, my lady, now wil I ryme.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 8 Largesse and liberalite is knowen, whan a man is in necessite & pourete.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Tim. iv. f. xii Himnes wherwith the larges of god is praysed before meate.

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xx. 34 The Prince hauing all plentie to vse largesse by.

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Largesse, Liberalitie.

1698 R. South 12 Serm. III. 378 Men are taught that the thing received is Grace; and that they have no claim to it, but the courtesy of the Dispenser, and the largess of Heaven.

a1829 B. St. Leger Froissart & his Times (1832) II. 191 The largess of Gaston Phoebus was proverbial.

1890 J. Ruskin Val d'Arno x. 231 To his companions he gave gifts with such largesse, that his horse and armour were all that at any time he called his own.

1906 Sunday School Jrnl. Apr. 253 The fullness of Christ's knowledge of truth..gave to his teachings a divine largesse, even as a man of vast wealth is under no necessity of economy in his gifts or expenditures.

1970 R. Barber Knight & Chivalry v. xix. 294 The great chivalric virtue of largesse was suitably honoured.

1990 Times 27 Apr. 13/1 The Commission has plunged with delight into the classic activities of corporatist government, raising ever more taxes and redistributing them with largess.

2008 L. Lippman Girl in Green Raincoat 76 She had so loved being Lady Largesse.

(a) An act of generous giving; a gift of money, etc.; spec. a gratuity given at harvest time.In later use frequently with reference to classical Rome.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > gift of money

largessea1325

gratuity1540

behoof1596

benevolency1698

pouch1880

handout1882

handshake1958

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xli. 104 Heo sullen ansuuerien in þe kings warderobe, in his hostel, of alle þe niminges þat a nimez for þe kinge, biþoute to maken ellesware hoere largesses ore liueres [Fr. senz fere ailleours leur largesces ou liverees de chose qe pur le Roi soit prise].

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 221 Iustice and liberaltee..ouerseeth the rewardes and largesses and weyeth thaim by mesure egallye according to right and to the deseruynge.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiv. 522 There was good hope that the souldiours should haue a largesse dealt amongst them out of the kings treasure.

1611 T. Heywood Golden Age iii. sig. G2^v Let all raryeties Showre downe from heauen a lardges.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 63 Courting vulgar applause with Largesses and feasts.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 113 I gave a Largess or Bounty of five Dollars a Man.

1797 R. Burroughes Jrnl. in Farming Jrnl. (1995) 91 I also engaged to give them a frolic at the end of harvest provided they gave over the foolish & disgraceful custom of begging of largesses.

1818 W. Scott Chivalry in Encycl. Brit.: Suppl. to 4th–6th Eds. III. i. 132/1 Largesses to the heralds and minstrels..were necessary accompaniments to the investiture of a person of rank.

1839 Home Missionary Mag. Mar. 36/2 Gratuitous largesses, bestowed by the Lord of the harvest on his necessitous and dependent vassals.

1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lviii. 503 The men were generally attached to Vitellius, whom they knew, and liked perhaps for his largesses, or his remiss discipline.

1920 C. R. Haines tr. Fronto Corr. 217 By largesses of food only the proletariat on the corn-register are conciliated.

1940 H. Mattingly Coins of Rom. Empire in Brit. Museum IV. Introd. p. lxix Our authorities report that..Antoninus gave a largesse on that occasion.

2012 G. W. Adams Marcus Aurelius in Historia Augusta & Beyond 299 At this time he..presented a largess to the people.

(b) Liberal bestowal of gifts; money or other gifts freely bestowed, esp. by a person in a high position on some special occasion. Also (occasionally): lavish or prodigal giving. Frequently in to do (give, make) largesse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun]

custeOE

largessea1393

largitionc1475

lavish1483

enlarginga1513

effusion1514

erogation1531

dispense1590

profusion1590

Maundy1595

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberal gift(s)

largesse1597

largition1781

the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > [noun]

overflowingnessOE

wastinga1300

prodigality1340

misdispendingc1390

misspendingc1390

fool-largessec1405

wantonness1448

fool-largec1450

dilapidationc1460

lavish1483

consuminga1538

profusion1545

sumptuosity1550

wastefulness1551

lashing1556

lavishing1574

profuseness1584

lavishness1590

misspense1591

wastening1604

outlashing1611

duck and drake1614

largesse1614

lavishment1630

squandering1632

prodigence1634

dissipation1639

wastry1645

profusiveness1655

high living1656

nepotation1656

extravagancy1666

extravagance1727

profligacy1792

squander1806

profligateness1817

wastrife1818

spendthriftism1862

wasterfulness1884

high-rolling1890

prodigalism1896

spendthriftiness1950

squanderbugging1966

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 409 (MED) If thou wolt grace have, Be gracious and do largesse.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vi. 85 Whan it shal be tyme of necessite to make largesse, his hondes must gyue and dispende.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Comm. on Canticles (Univ. Oxf. 64) in Psalter (1884) 505 Worshipful he is in larges of giftys.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^v For na largese my lord noght wil he neuer let.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iv. 43 Our coffers with too great a court, And liberall larges are growen somewhat light.

1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Benefits in tr. Seneca Wks. 3 Neither can the prodigalitie and largesse of anything bee honest.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 107 The Governor goes in Procession, and bestows his Largess.

1753 ‘W. Bingfield’ Trav. & Adventures xviii. 233 I must beg to remind you of the extraordinary Number of Souls without,..and to intercede for some Largess, and Entertainment for them.

1796 T. Jefferson Let. 6 Mar. in Papers (2002) XXIX. 7 Disapproving, as I do, of the unjustifiable largess to the daughters of the Ct. de Grasse, I will certainly not propose to rivet it by a second example.

1830 G. P. R. James Darnley III. xi. 264 The nobles joining in his intent, showered their largess upon their retainers.

1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. v. 302 The handsel-day belongs to the New Year itself. It is still in full practice in Scotland as a day of largess.

1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood xiii. 97 Largesse, in the form of odds and ends of cold cream and pomatum,..was freely distributed among the attendants.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 256 Your planned benevolence To man, your proposed largess to the Church.

1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid v, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 232 Æneas..then gives to the crews Largess noble of three steers each.

1931 J. Gavorse Suetonius' Lives Twelve Caesars iii. 148 He never gave largess to the soldiers, with the exception of a thousand denarii to each of the praetorians.

1971 H. Wouk Winds of War xlvii. 653 The regal way he held the arms of his chair and smiled at Captain Henry, showed his relish for power and his satisfaction in bestowing largesse.

2012 Independent 23 Nov. 23/4 Council money is not largesse but hard-headed investment in the cultural industries which will be at the heart of economic growth.

b. largesse! or †a largesse!: a call for a gift of money, addressed to a person of relatively high position on some special occasion (as a coronation, the harvest, etc.). Now historical. N.E.D. (1902) noted: ‘Still in use locally at “harvest home”’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > call for gift of money [interjection]

a largesse!a1393

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 962 Thei wedde and make a riche feste..Ther cride many a man largesse Unto the lordes hihe and loude.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. l. 449 A blynd man..To crie a largesse by-for oure lorde.

c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1309 Ther mette I cryinge many oon A larges larges.

?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) l. 261 A largeys, ȝe lord, I crye þis day.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 54^v Geue glooues to thy reapers, a larges to crye.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1342/2 Then the heralds cried A larges, and the trumpets and drums were sounded euerie where.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. 3/2 Heraulds have a right three several times to cry Largesse.

1691 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 104 A Largess,..a Gift to Harvest-men particularly, who cry a Largess so many times as there are pence given.

1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (at cited word) The reapers in Essex and Suffolk ask all passengers for a largess, and when any money is given to them, all shout together largess, largess.

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xi. 33 Now largesse, largesse, Lord Marmion.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Largess, a gift to reapers in harvest. When they have received it, they shout thrice, the words ‘halloo largess’.

1879 E. M. Harris Friends Only vii. 112 Largesse, largesse, my lady! Oh, beautiful hand which heals The grief of sickness and famine!

1912 F. Hamel Lady of Beauty xi. 102 The liberal gifts of money which accompanied the cries of ‘Largesse! Largesse! Largesse!’

1959 Sunday Times 1 Nov. 32/6 Our trap was pursued by village children shouting, surprisingly, ‘Largesse’.

2008 D. Starkey Henry (2009) v. 94 ‘Largesse,’ the cry went up in old French, ‘largesse of the most high, mighty and excellent prince.’

3. In extended use. Abundance of anything; bounty; something (beneficial) regarded as generously, plentifully, or freely bestowed.In quot. a1533 in negative sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > instance or act of

bountyc1250

largessec1425

liberality1526

generosity1606

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1809 (MED) Whan þei [sc. women] of bewte haue plentevous largesse, To make it more þei don her besynesse.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. E.vij^v The greateste vyllany in a villayne is to be gyuen in largesse of lyes.

1584 W. Warner Pan his Syrinx sig. D3^v A Ladie..in euerie part so formall, that nature might not possiblie worke more beautie in any creature, or any creature better become such largesse of nature.

1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 23 The Book's a Common Largess to Mankind.

1688 J. Crowne Darius i. 4 He's like the Sun, a Largesse to the World.

1785 W. Cowper Needless Alarm 62 How glad they catch the largess of the skies.

1832 Ld. Tennyson All Good Things 4 I have not lacked thy mild reproof, Nor golden largess of thy praise.

1888 J. R. Lowell Protest 2 I could not bear to see those eyes On all with wasteful largess shine.

1904 M. E. Waller Wood-carver of 'Lympus i.5 The poles with their largess of rioting vine and delicate green blossoms seemed to lean from out the clear, sun-filled sky of deep blue.

1951 L. MacNeice tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust ii. ii. 204 The watch-fires glow and spread their red largesse of flames.

2007 J. Sigloh Like Trees Walking 162 Bathe a little longer in the sun's largesse.

†4. Freedom, liberty (to do something); frequently in at one's largesse, at liberty; at one's own discretion; (cf. at one's large). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun]

freedomeOE

freeshipa1225

freelagec1225

franchisec1300

libertyc1405

largesse1487

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > free or at liberty [phrase]

at largec1391

at one's largec1405

at libertyc1425

at one's largesse1487

at more large1523

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 427 Quhar he mycht at his larges be.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ix. l. 652 Thai..maid thaim fre at thar largis [v.r. at larges] to pas.

1498 Interpr. Names Goddis & Goddesses (de Worde) sig. Biv/2 There to haue..largesse to stryke as longeth to thy cure.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xiii. 225 Discoursing of the largesse & liberty, which souldiers enioy in Italie.

1765 Act 1 Edw. VI c. 3 §4 in Statutes at Large IX. App. 142 He shall not goe abroad, and at larges.

Compounds

General attributive, as largesse money, largesse spending, etc.

ΚΠ

?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter ciiii. 294 O hym betrow Hys larges note.

1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. i. xxix. 7 The Counsell should present th' old Emp'rours Son, To satisfie the Armie's Expectation; And Largesse money on them to bestow.

1784 J. Cullum Hist. & Antiq. Hawsted in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 23. iv. 227 The Largess money furnishes another day of festivity.

1826 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 1047 The ‘Largess’-cry, the ‘Harvest-home’!

1856 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 79 Two especial seasons of jollity among them generally occur in each year—the harvest-home,..and the largess feast.

1956 G. E. Evans Ask Fellows who cut Hay xi. 90 The horkey, or harvest frolic—the Largesse Spending or Supper as it was also called in Suffolk.

1996 H. E. Schockman in M. J. Dear et al. Rethinking Los Angeles v. 62 Communities were..simply bought off in the 1970s and 1980s with federal largess money.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	largesse
释义	largessen. Brit. /lɑːˈ(d)ʒɛs/, U.S. /lɑrˈ(d)ʒɛs/ Forms: Middle English largesce, Middle English largeys, Middle English largice, Middle English largys, Middle English–1600s larges, Middle English– largess, Middle English– largesse, 1500s largese, 1600s lardges, 1600s largise; Scottish pre-1700 lairges, pre-1700 largeas, pre-1700 larges, pre-1700 largese, pre-1700 largis, pre-1700 lerges, pre-1700 1800s– largesse. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French largesse. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French largece, Anglo-Norman and Middle French largesce, largesse (French largesse ) generosity, liberality (c1155; 1340 as personification of this virtue; 1419 or earlier as a call for a gift of money; c1150 in sense ‘breadth, width’), magnanimity (c1300 or earlier), act of generous giving (early 14th cent. or earlier), lavish or prodigal giving (first half of the 14th cent.), (chiefly in plural) lavish gift (1349), in Anglo-Norman also liberty, privilege (probably 15th cent.) < large large adj. + -esse -ess suffix². Compare Old Occitan largueza, Spanish largueza (first half of the 13th cent.; c1200 as †largeza), Portuguese largueza (13th cent.), Italian larghezza (13th cent.).In to do (give, make) largesse at sense 2a(b) after Anglo-Norman faire sa largesce (c1240 or earlier), Middle French faire largesse (second half of the 14th cent.). Compare the earlier occurrence of classical Latin largitās generosity, liberality, munificence, as the name of the virtue (compare sense 1) in English contexts:OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 297 Seo þridde miht is largitas, þæt is cystignes on englisc [a1225 Lamb. 487 Largitas, þet is custinesse on englisc]. N.E.D. (1902) gives the pronunciation as (lā·ɹdʒes) /ˈlɑːdʒɛs/. Now archaic and literary. 1. The willingness to spend freely; (the virtue of) generosity; liberality, munificence. Also: this virtue personified. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberality freedomOE custinessOE largesse?c1225 freeshipa1250 franchisec1325 largitya1382 largenessa1387 liberalityc1390 bountya1400 honestya1400 freenessc1400 largec1400 liberalnessc1410 munificencec1425 plentyc1425 bounteousnessc1440 magnificencec1450 bountifulness1489 bountines1512 royalty1548 magnificency?c1550 munificency?c1550 free-heartedness1583 profuseness1584 bountihead1590 lavishness1590 frankness1591 ingenuousness1611 fruitfulnessa1616 generosity1634 open-handednessa1640 large-heartedness1640 communicativeness1653 unsparingness1818 free-handedness1860 big-heartedness1872 ungrudgingness1885 two-handedness1891 outgivingness1968 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 304 Of ancre curteisie. of ancre largesce is icumen ofte sunne. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 50 Heo is lilie of largesse; heo is paruenke of prouesse. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vi. l. 112 Largesse þe ladi ledeþ in ful monye. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §210 Ihu crist yeueth vs thise yiftes of his largesse & of his souereyn bountee. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 4119 Of myne helply lady souereyne Largesse, my lady, now wil I ryme. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 8 Largesse and liberalite is knowen, whan a man is in necessite & pourete. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Tim. iv. f. xii Himnes wherwith the larges of god is praysed before meate. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xx. 34 The Prince hauing all plentie to vse largesse by. 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Largesse, Liberalitie. 1698 R. South 12 Serm. III. 378 Men are taught that the thing received is Grace; and that they have no claim to it, but the courtesy of the Dispenser, and the largess of Heaven. a1829 B. St. Leger Froissart & his Times (1832) II. 191 The largess of Gaston Phoebus was proverbial. 1890 J. Ruskin Val d'Arno x. 231 To his companions he gave gifts with such largesse, that his horse and armour were all that at any time he called his own. 1906 Sunday School Jrnl. Apr. 253 The fullness of Christ's knowledge of truth..gave to his teachings a divine largesse, even as a man of vast wealth is under no necessity of economy in his gifts or expenditures. 1970 R. Barber Knight & Chivalry v. xix. 294 The great chivalric virtue of largesse was suitably honoured. 1990 Times 27 Apr. 13/1 The Commission has plunged with delight into the classic activities of corporatist government, raising ever more taxes and redistributing them with largess. 2008 L. Lippman Girl in Green Raincoat 76 She had so loved being Lady Largesse. 2. a. (a) An act of generous giving; a gift of money, etc.; spec. a gratuity given at harvest time.In later use frequently with reference to classical Rome. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > gift of money largessea1325 gratuity1540 behoof1596 benevolency1698 pouch1880 handout1882 handshake1958 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xli. 104 Heo sullen ansuuerien in þe kings warderobe, in his hostel, of alle þe niminges þat a nimez for þe kinge, biþoute to maken ellesware hoere largesses ore liueres [Fr. senz fere ailleours leur largesces ou liverees de chose qe pur le Roi soit prise]. c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 221 Iustice and liberaltee..ouerseeth the rewardes and largesses and weyeth thaim by mesure egallye according to right and to the deseruynge. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiv. 522 There was good hope that the souldiours should haue a largesse dealt amongst them out of the kings treasure. 1611 T. Heywood Golden Age iii. sig. G2^v Let all raryeties Showre downe from heauen a lardges. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 63 Courting vulgar applause with Largesses and feasts. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 113 I gave a Largess or Bounty of five Dollars a Man. 1797 R. Burroughes Jrnl. in Farming Jrnl. (1995) 91 I also engaged to give them a frolic at the end of harvest provided they gave over the foolish & disgraceful custom of begging of largesses. 1818 W. Scott Chivalry in Encycl. Brit.: Suppl. to 4th–6th Eds. III. i. 132/1 Largesses to the heralds and minstrels..were necessary accompaniments to the investiture of a person of rank. 1839 Home Missionary Mag. Mar. 36/2 Gratuitous largesses, bestowed by the Lord of the harvest on his necessitous and dependent vassals. 1858 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire VI. lviii. 503 The men were generally attached to Vitellius, whom they knew, and liked perhaps for his largesses, or his remiss discipline. 1920 C. R. Haines tr. Fronto Corr. 217 By largesses of food only the proletariat on the corn-register are conciliated. 1940 H. Mattingly Coins of Rom. Empire in Brit. Museum IV. Introd. p. lxix Our authorities report that..Antoninus gave a largesse on that occasion. 2012 G. W. Adams Marcus Aurelius in Historia Augusta & Beyond 299 At this time he..presented a largess to the people. (b) Liberal bestowal of gifts; money or other gifts freely bestowed, esp. by a person in a high position on some special occasion. Also (occasionally): lavish or prodigal giving. Frequently in to do (give, make) largesse. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] custeOE largessea1393 largitionc1475 lavish1483 enlarginga1513 effusion1514 erogation1531 dispense1590 profusion1590 Maundy1595 the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > liberal gift(s) largesse1597 largition1781 the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > [noun] overflowingnessOE wastinga1300 prodigality1340 misdispendingc1390 misspendingc1390 fool-largessec1405 wantonness1448 fool-largec1450 dilapidationc1460 lavish1483 consuminga1538 profusion1545 sumptuosity1550 wastefulness1551 lashing1556 lavishing1574 profuseness1584 lavishness1590 misspense1591 wastening1604 outlashing1611 duck and drake1614 largesse1614 lavishment1630 squandering1632 prodigence1634 dissipation1639 wastry1645 profusiveness1655 high living1656 nepotation1656 extravagancy1666 extravagance1727 profligacy1792 squander1806 profligateness1817 wastrife1818 spendthriftism1862 wasterfulness1884 high-rolling1890 prodigalism1896 spendthriftiness1950 squanderbugging1966 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 409 (MED) If thou wolt grace have, Be gracious and do largesse. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Ordre of Chyualry (1926) vi. 85 Whan it shal be tyme of necessite to make largesse, his hondes must gyue and dispende. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Comm. on Canticles (Univ. Oxf. 64) in Psalter (1884) 505 Worshipful he is in larges of giftys. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^v For na largese my lord noght wil he neuer let. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iv. 43 Our coffers with too great a court, And liberall larges are growen somewhat light. View more context for this quotation 1614 T. Lodge tr. Seneca Of Benefits in tr. Seneca Wks. 3 Neither can the prodigalitie and largesse of anything bee honest. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 107 The Governor goes in Procession, and bestows his Largess. 1753 ‘W. Bingfield’ Trav. & Adventures xviii. 233 I must beg to remind you of the extraordinary Number of Souls without,..and to intercede for some Largess, and Entertainment for them. 1796 T. Jefferson Let. 6 Mar. in Papers (2002) XXIX. 7 Disapproving, as I do, of the unjustifiable largess to the daughters of the Ct. de Grasse, I will certainly not propose to rivet it by a second example. 1830 G. P. R. James Darnley III. xi. 264 The nobles joining in his intent, showered their largess upon their retainers. 1864 J. H. Burton Scot Abroad I. v. 302 The handsel-day belongs to the New Year itself. It is still in full practice in Scotland as a day of largess. 1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood xiii. 97 Largesse, in the form of odds and ends of cold cream and pomatum,..was freely distributed among the attendants. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 256 Your planned benevolence To man, your proposed largess to the Church. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid v, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 232 Æneas..then gives to the crews Largess noble of three steers each. 1931 J. Gavorse Suetonius' Lives Twelve Caesars iii. 148 He never gave largess to the soldiers, with the exception of a thousand denarii to each of the praetorians. 1971 H. Wouk Winds of War xlvii. 653 The regal way he held the arms of his chair and smiled at Captain Henry, showed his relish for power and his satisfaction in bestowing largesse. 2012 Independent 23 Nov. 23/4 Council money is not largesse but hard-headed investment in the cultural industries which will be at the heart of economic growth. b. largesse! or †a largesse!: a call for a gift of money, addressed to a person of relatively high position on some special occasion (as a coronation, the harvest, etc.). Now historical. N.E.D. (1902) noted: ‘Still in use locally at “harvest home”’. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > call for gift of money [interjection] a largesse!a1393 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 962 Thei wedde and make a riche feste..Ther cride many a man largesse Unto the lordes hihe and loude. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. l. 449 A blynd man..To crie a largesse by-for oure lorde. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1309 Ther mette I cryinge many oon A larges larges. ?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) l. 261 A largeys, ȝe lord, I crye þis day. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 54^v Geue glooues to thy reapers, a larges to crye. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1342/2 Then the heralds cried A larges, and the trumpets and drums were sounded euerie where. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory i. 3/2 Heraulds have a right three several times to cry Largesse. 1691 J. Ray S. & E. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 104 A Largess,..a Gift to Harvest-men particularly, who cry a Largess so many times as there are pence given. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. (at cited word) The reapers in Essex and Suffolk ask all passengers for a largess, and when any money is given to them, all shout together largess, largess. 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xi. 33 Now largesse, largesse, Lord Marmion. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Largess, a gift to reapers in harvest. When they have received it, they shout thrice, the words ‘halloo largess’. 1879 E. M. Harris Friends Only vii. 112 Largesse, largesse, my lady! Oh, beautiful hand which heals The grief of sickness and famine! 1912 F. Hamel Lady of Beauty xi. 102 The liberal gifts of money which accompanied the cries of ‘Largesse! Largesse! Largesse!’ 1959 Sunday Times 1 Nov. 32/6 Our trap was pursued by village children shouting, surprisingly, ‘Largesse’. 2008 D. Starkey Henry (2009) v. 94 ‘Largesse,’ the cry went up in old French, ‘largesse of the most high, mighty and excellent prince.’ 3. In extended use. Abundance of anything; bounty; something (beneficial) regarded as generously, plentifully, or freely bestowed.In quot. a1533 in negative sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > liberal giving > [noun] > instance or act of bountyc1250 largessec1425 liberality1526 generosity1606 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 1809 (MED) Whan þei [sc. women] of bewte haue plentevous largesse, To make it more þei don her besynesse. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. E.vij^v The greateste vyllany in a villayne is to be gyuen in largesse of lyes. 1584 W. Warner Pan his Syrinx sig. D3^v A Ladie..in euerie part so formall, that nature might not possiblie worke more beautie in any creature, or any creature better become such largesse of nature. 1682 J. Dryden Religio Laici 23 The Book's a Common Largess to Mankind. 1688 J. Crowne Darius i. 4 He's like the Sun, a Largesse to the World. 1785 W. Cowper Needless Alarm 62 How glad they catch the largess of the skies. 1832 Ld. Tennyson All Good Things 4 I have not lacked thy mild reproof, Nor golden largess of thy praise. 1888 J. R. Lowell Protest 2 I could not bear to see those eyes On all with wasteful largess shine. 1904 M. E. Waller Wood-carver of 'Lympus i.5 The poles with their largess of rioting vine and delicate green blossoms seemed to lean from out the clear, sun-filled sky of deep blue. 1951 L. MacNeice tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust ii. ii. 204 The watch-fires glow and spread their red largesse of flames. 2007 J. Sigloh Like Trees Walking 162 Bathe a little longer in the sun's largesse. †4. Freedom, liberty (to do something); frequently in at one's largesse, at liberty; at one's own discretion; (cf. at one's large). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > [noun] freedomeOE freeshipa1225 freelagec1225 franchisec1300 libertyc1405 largesse1487 society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > free or at liberty [phrase] at largec1391 at one's largec1405 at libertyc1425 at one's largesse1487 at more large1523 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) v. 427 Quhar he mycht at his larges be. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) ix. l. 652 Thai..maid thaim fre at thar largis [v.r. at larges] to pas. 1498 Interpr. Names Goddis & Goddesses (de Worde) sig. Biv/2 There to haue..largesse to stryke as longeth to thy cure. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xiii. 225 Discoursing of the largesse & liberty, which souldiers enioy in Italie. 1765 Act 1 Edw. VI c. 3 §4 in Statutes at Large IX. App. 142 He shall not goe abroad, and at larges. Compounds General attributive, as largesse money, largesse spending, etc. ΚΠ ?1567 M. Parker Whole Psalter ciiii. 294 O hym betrow Hys larges note. 1652 C. B. Stapylton tr. Herodian Imperiall Hist. i. xxix. 7 The Counsell should present th' old Emp'rours Son, To satisfie the Armie's Expectation; And Largesse money on them to bestow. 1784 J. Cullum Hist. & Antiq. Hawsted in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 23. iv. 227 The Largess money furnishes another day of festivity. 1826 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 1047 The ‘Largess’-cry, the ‘Harvest-home’! 1856 Farmer's Mag. Jan. 79 Two especial seasons of jollity among them generally occur in each year—the harvest-home,..and the largess feast. 1956 G. E. Evans Ask Fellows who cut Hay xi. 90 The horkey, or harvest frolic—the Largesse Spending or Supper as it was also called in Suffolk. 1996 H. E. Schockman in M. J. Dear et al. Rethinking Los Angeles v. 62 Communities were..simply bought off in the 1970s and 1980s with federal largess money. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?c1225
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