autopsyn.

Brit.

/ˈɔːtɒpsi/, U.S.

/ˈɔˌtɑpsi/,

/ˈɑˌtɑpsi/

Forms:

α. 1600s autopsie, 1600s– autopsy.

β. 1600s–1800s autopsia.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin autopsia; Greek αὐτοψία.

Etymology: < (i) post-classical Latin autopsia act of seeing with one's own eyes, careful visual examination (1586 or earlier in a medical context), careful visual examination of a patient for the purposes of diagnosis (1605 or earlier in medical contexts), and its etymon (ii) Hellenistic Greek αὐτοψία act of seeing with one's own eyes, in medical contexts (e.g. in Galen) also with reference to careful visual examination of a patient for the purposes of diagnosis < Byzantine Greek αὔτοπτος self-revealed (although this is apparently first attested slightly later (4th cent. a.d.); < ancient Greek αὐτο- auto- comb. form¹ + -οπτος : see optic adj.) + -ία -y suffix³; compare -opsy comb. form. In sense 2a probably after French autopsie post-mortem examination (1671 or earlier (and now chiefly) in this sense: see below; 1801 or earlier in (now disused) autopsie cadavérique , 1821 or earlier in (rarer and now obsolete) autopsie cadavéreuse ; 1594 in Middle French or earlier in sense ‘careful visual examination of a patient for the purposes of diagnosis’; the general sense ‘action or process of seeing with one's own eyes’ is apparently not paralleled in French until later: 1640, in a scientific context). Compare German Autopsie (1750; early 19th cent. (and now chiefly) in sense 2a).French autopsie is attested in 1573 in Middle French (in a medical context), and subsequently in 1665, in two instances which recent authoritative dictionaries of the language assign to the sense ‘post-mortem examination’. However, the context of the 1573 instance (as given in Trésor de la langue française at autopsie and the source cited there, C.-A. Desmaze Curiosités des anciennes justices (1867) 128) does not make the precise sense clear, and the 1665 instance is cited in Le français moderne 14 290 (and hence in Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch XXV. 1117/2) without any context at all, in a list of scientific terms used by a 17th-cent. French physician in his unpublished letters. In view of these facts, of the widespread objections on religious grounds to post-mortem examinations before the 18th cent., and of the scarcity of French instances of the sense ‘post-mortem examination’ before the early 19th cent., it seems more likely that the sense at least in the first of these two instances was ‘careful visual examination of a living patient’.

1. The action or process of seeing with one's own eyes; personal observation, inspection, or experience. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > witnessing

witness?c1225

autopsy1607

witnessing1855

1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse f. 59 It is apparently knowne, especially to them which are skild in the autopsie of Anatomie, the seat or fountaine head of it, is..a great hollow veine.

1647 W. Petty Advice to Hartlib 19 For we question whether..a man by the bare light and instruction of the Book could attaine to a dextrous practice of a trade, whereunto hath been required seven yeares Autopsia.

1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours i. xiv. 53 Or by autopsie [L. per autopsiam], when by our observation, wee get a certaine knowledge of things.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 161 The Cartesian Attempts to solve [printed salve], the Motion of the Heart Mechanically, seem..confuted, by Autopsy and Experiment.

1722 J. Wainewright Anat. Treat. Liver 60 The extreme Capillaries of these Vessels are not to be prov'd by Autopsy, no more than those of the Veins and Arteries are.

1769 Crit. Rev. 27 308 Though the narrative of that gentleman were authenticated by evidence more satisfactory than the autopsia of any single person can be reckoned.

1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 31 I determined nothing less than repeated autopsia should convince me.

1818 E. D. Clarke Trav. Europe, Asia & Afr. Pt. III (1824) IX. p. viii It is also this kind of evidence which places beyond dispute the autopsy of a traveller; and distinguishes him from the mere writer of Travels, who never himself saw what he relates.

1839 T. De Quincey On Hume's Argument in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 95/2 The defect of autopsy may be compensated by sufficient testimony of a multitude.

1901 G. B. Grundy Great Persian War & Preliminaries vi. 223 The evidence..that he is describing from personal autopsy the scenes of the great events which he narrates is overwhelming.

1988 Classical Philol. 83 151 [He] has collated (usually from photographs or facsimiles, only rarely by autopsy) all the manuscripts cited except for [etc.].

a. Medicine. Examination of the organs of a dead body in order to determine the cause of death, nature and extent of disease, result of treatment, etc.; post-mortem examination; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > autopsy

autopsy1805

necroscopy1835

necropsy1842

post-mortemizing1851

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > autopsy > instance of

autopsy1805

post-mortem1834

necroscopy1835

necropsy1842

post-obit1854

post1942

1805 Philos. Mag. 21 240 The distinguishing signs of peripneumony and pleurisy are so uncertain that they have been doubted by some celebrated physicians; they have been so often belied by cadaverous autopsia.

1830 Foreign Rev. 5 502 Two days after the autopsy, which was performed immediately on the emperor's decease, the whole body turned yellow.

1881 Times 22 Sept. 4/1 The physicians' autopsy [of President Garfield] shows the bullet to be nowhere near where it was supposed to be.

1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo ix. 127 An autopsy revealed catarrhal inflammation of the stomach and intestines, diseased feet, and poor teeth.

1964 Los Angeles Times 12 Jan. 1/7 The weight of evidence coming from animal tests, autopsies, clinical studies and population surveys converged with sufficient impact to require the ‘cause’ label to be affixed.

1989 D. Koontz Midnight i. xxxvii. 145 Cremation would cover wounds that would raise unanswerable questions in an unbiased autopsy.

2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 June 32/3 Paul Broca..located a region of the brain essential for speech—by autopsy of a speech-impaired patient with a lesion in the third left frontal convolution of the brain.

b. figurative. A critical examination or dissection of a subject or work.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > instance of

animadversion1583

stricture1655

animadverting1665

animadvertence1681

autopsy1835

society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > critical analysis

analysis1580

autopsy1879

style analysis1927

close reading1932

1835 Hist. Eng. in Lardner's Cab. Cycl. IV. viii. 375 He [sc. James I.] is, moreover, one of the least inviting subjects of moral autopsia.

1879 M. E. Braddon Vixen III. 143 This autopsy of a fine lady's poem.

1918 Current Opinion July 44 In an article entitled ‘An Autopsy of Marxism’..[he] attacks Marx's philosophy on the ground of its..economic inflexibility.

1938 Rev. Eng. Stud. 14 428 A literary autopsy of his novels and poems is no longer necessary.

1971 Life 16 Apr. 22 A story of espionage, resistance and war, it is above all—like his best-selling study The French—an autopsy of the national character.

1999 National Rev. (Nexis) 9 Aug. In Broadway Babies Say Goodnight..critic and commentator Mark Steyn attempts an autopsy of the genre [sc. musicals].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

autopsyv.

Brit.

/ˈɔːtɒpsi/, U.S.

/ˈɔˌtɑpsi/,

/ˈɑˌtɑpsi/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: autopsy n.

Etymology: < autopsy n. Compare French autopsier (1837 or earlier).

transitive. To perform an autopsy upon (see autopsy n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > examine medically [verb (transitive)] > perform autopsy on

autopsy1839

post-mortem1874

necropsy1935

post1942

1839 Med. Examiner 2 442/2 This Soufflade [sc. a criminal] above mentioned was thoroughly autopsied.

1870 N.Y. Herald 1 Sept. 5/6 Evidence was against the theory of poisoning, but the bodies were to be autopsied.

1900 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 5 257 One of the pigs was killed and autopsied, with the result that its organs..were found to be entirely free of lesions.

1936 Fortune Oct. 178/1 The unpartisan Brookings Institution at Washington autopsied NRA and found it had a cancer.

1969 Nature 19 Apr. 287/1 The rats..were autopsied on the thirteenth day of pregnancy.

2006 N.Y. Times Mag. 11 June 26/1 After autopsying my last three years of tax returns and my mortgage application, they said that my income fluctuated too wildly.

Derivatives

ˈauˌtopsied adj. that has undergone an autopsy.

ΚΠ

1898 Therapeutic Gaz. 16 May 317/2 The inroad of bacteria in the autopsied cases was not due to any moribund condition from a lethal dose.

1968 Punch 3 Jan. 23/2 No mention..of the devoted servants laid to rest separated from their autopsied entrails.

1995 New Statesman & Society 24 Nov. 45/1 A classic cornucopia of fruit and crustaceans spills over the picture, but nestling among the grapes and prawns is an autopsied baby.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	autopsy
释义	autopsyn. Brit. /ˈɔːtɒpsi/, U.S. /ˈɔˌtɑpsi/, /ˈɑˌtɑpsi/ Forms: α. 1600s autopsie, 1600s– autopsy. β. 1600s–1800s autopsia. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin autopsia; Greek αὐτοψία. Etymology: < (i) post-classical Latin autopsia act of seeing with one's own eyes, careful visual examination (1586 or earlier in a medical context), careful visual examination of a patient for the purposes of diagnosis (1605 or earlier in medical contexts), and its etymon (ii) Hellenistic Greek αὐτοψία act of seeing with one's own eyes, in medical contexts (e.g. in Galen) also with reference to careful visual examination of a patient for the purposes of diagnosis < Byzantine Greek αὔτοπτος self-revealed (although this is apparently first attested slightly later (4th cent. a.d.); < ancient Greek αὐτο- auto- comb. form¹ + -οπτος : see optic adj.) + -ία -y suffix³; compare -opsy comb. form. In sense 2a probably after French autopsie post-mortem examination (1671 or earlier (and now chiefly) in this sense: see below; 1801 or earlier in (now disused) autopsie cadavérique , 1821 or earlier in (rarer and now obsolete) autopsie cadavéreuse ; 1594 in Middle French or earlier in sense ‘careful visual examination of a patient for the purposes of diagnosis’; the general sense ‘action or process of seeing with one's own eyes’ is apparently not paralleled in French until later: 1640, in a scientific context). Compare German Autopsie (1750; early 19th cent. (and now chiefly) in sense 2a).French autopsie is attested in 1573 in Middle French (in a medical context), and subsequently in 1665, in two instances which recent authoritative dictionaries of the language assign to the sense ‘post-mortem examination’. However, the context of the 1573 instance (as given in Trésor de la langue française at autopsie and the source cited there, C.-A. Desmaze Curiosités des anciennes justices (1867) 128) does not make the precise sense clear, and the 1665 instance is cited in Le français moderne 14 290 (and hence in Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch XXV. 1117/2) without any context at all, in a list of scientific terms used by a 17th-cent. French physician in his unpublished letters. In view of these facts, of the widespread objections on religious grounds to post-mortem examinations before the 18th cent., and of the scarcity of French instances of the sense ‘post-mortem examination’ before the early 19th cent., it seems more likely that the sense at least in the first of these two instances was ‘careful visual examination of a living patient’. 1. The action or process of seeing with one's own eyes; personal observation, inspection, or experience. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > witnessing witness?c1225 autopsy1607 witnessing1855 1607 T. Walkington Optick Glasse f. 59 It is apparently knowne, especially to them which are skild in the autopsie of Anatomie, the seat or fountaine head of it, is..a great hollow veine. 1647 W. Petty Advice to Hartlib 19 For we question whether..a man by the bare light and instruction of the Book could attaine to a dextrous practice of a trade, whereunto hath been required seven yeares Autopsia. 1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours i. xiv. 53 Or by autopsie [L. per autopsiam], when by our observation, wee get a certaine knowledge of things. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 161 The Cartesian Attempts to solve [printed salve], the Motion of the Heart Mechanically, seem..confuted, by Autopsy and Experiment. 1722 J. Wainewright Anat. Treat. Liver 60 The extreme Capillaries of these Vessels are not to be prov'd by Autopsy, no more than those of the Veins and Arteries are. 1769 Crit. Rev. 27 308 Though the narrative of that gentleman were authenticated by evidence more satisfactory than the autopsia of any single person can be reckoned. 1799 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 2 31 I determined nothing less than repeated autopsia should convince me. 1818 E. D. Clarke Trav. Europe, Asia & Afr. Pt. III (1824) IX. p. viii It is also this kind of evidence which places beyond dispute the autopsy of a traveller; and distinguishes him from the mere writer of Travels, who never himself saw what he relates. 1839 T. De Quincey On Hume's Argument in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 95/2 The defect of autopsy may be compensated by sufficient testimony of a multitude. 1901 G. B. Grundy Great Persian War & Preliminaries vi. 223 The evidence..that he is describing from personal autopsy the scenes of the great events which he narrates is overwhelming. 1988 Classical Philol. 83 151 [He] has collated (usually from photographs or facsimiles, only rarely by autopsy) all the manuscripts cited except for [etc.]. 2. a. Medicine. Examination of the organs of a dead body in order to determine the cause of death, nature and extent of disease, result of treatment, etc.; post-mortem examination; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > autopsy autopsy1805 necroscopy1835 necropsy1842 post-mortemizing1851 the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > autopsy > instance of autopsy1805 post-mortem1834 necroscopy1835 necropsy1842 post-obit1854 post1942 1805 Philos. Mag. 21 240 The distinguishing signs of peripneumony and pleurisy are so uncertain that they have been doubted by some celebrated physicians; they have been so often belied by cadaverous autopsia. 1830 Foreign Rev. 5 502 Two days after the autopsy, which was performed immediately on the emperor's decease, the whole body turned yellow. 1881 Times 22 Sept. 4/1 The physicians' autopsy [of President Garfield] shows the bullet to be nowhere near where it was supposed to be. 1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo ix. 127 An autopsy revealed catarrhal inflammation of the stomach and intestines, diseased feet, and poor teeth. 1964 Los Angeles Times 12 Jan. 1/7 The weight of evidence coming from animal tests, autopsies, clinical studies and population surveys converged with sufficient impact to require the ‘cause’ label to be affixed. 1989 D. Koontz Midnight i. xxxvii. 145 Cremation would cover wounds that would raise unanswerable questions in an unbiased autopsy. 2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 24 June 32/3 Paul Broca..located a region of the brain essential for speech—by autopsy of a speech-impaired patient with a lesion in the third left frontal convolution of the brain. b. figurative. A critical examination or dissection of a subject or work. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > instance of animadversion1583 stricture1655 animadverting1665 animadvertence1681 autopsy1835 society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > critical analysis analysis1580 autopsy1879 style analysis1927 close reading1932 1835 Hist. Eng. in Lardner's Cab. Cycl. IV. viii. 375 He [sc. James I.] is, moreover, one of the least inviting subjects of moral autopsia. 1879 M. E. Braddon Vixen III. 143 This autopsy of a fine lady's poem. 1918 Current Opinion July 44 In an article entitled ‘An Autopsy of Marxism’..[he] attacks Marx's philosophy on the ground of its..economic inflexibility. 1938 Rev. Eng. Stud. 14 428 A literary autopsy of his novels and poems is no longer necessary. 1971 Life 16 Apr. 22 A story of espionage, resistance and war, it is above all—like his best-selling study The French—an autopsy of the national character. 1999 National Rev. (Nexis) 9 Aug. In Broadway Babies Say Goodnight..critic and commentator Mark Steyn attempts an autopsy of the genre [sc. musicals]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). autopsyv. Brit. /ˈɔːtɒpsi/, U.S. /ˈɔˌtɑpsi/, /ˈɑˌtɑpsi/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: autopsy n. Etymology: < autopsy n. Compare French autopsier (1837 or earlier). transitive. To perform an autopsy upon (see autopsy n. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > examine medically [verb (transitive)] > perform autopsy on autopsy1839 post-mortem1874 necropsy1935 post1942 1839 Med. Examiner 2 442/2 This Soufflade [sc. a criminal] above mentioned was thoroughly autopsied. 1870 N.Y. Herald 1 Sept. 5/6 Evidence was against the theory of poisoning, but the bodies were to be autopsied. 1900 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 5 257 One of the pigs was killed and autopsied, with the result that its organs..were found to be entirely free of lesions. 1936 Fortune Oct. 178/1 The unpartisan Brookings Institution at Washington autopsied NRA and found it had a cancer. 1969 Nature 19 Apr. 287/1 The rats..were autopsied on the thirteenth day of pregnancy. 2006 N.Y. Times Mag. 11 June 26/1 After autopsying my last three years of tax returns and my mortgage application, they said that my income fluctuated too wildly. Derivatives ˈauˌtopsied adj. that has undergone an autopsy. ΚΠ 1898 Therapeutic Gaz. 16 May 317/2 The inroad of bacteria in the autopsied cases was not due to any moribund condition from a lethal dose. 1968 Punch 3 Jan. 23/2 No mention..of the devoted servants laid to rest separated from their autopsied entrails. 1995 New Statesman & Society 24 Nov. 45/1 A classic cornucopia of fruit and crustaceans spills over the picture, but nestling among the grapes and prawns is an autopsied baby. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1607v.1839
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