landwardn.adv.adj.

Brit.

/ˈlandwəd/, U.S.

/ˈlæn(d)wərd/,

/ˈlændərd/

Forms: Also 1500s landewarde, ScottishMiddle English–1700s landwart, 1700s landart, 1800s landert.

Etymology: < land n.¹: see -ward suffix.

A. n.

†1.

a. to landward: in the country, as opposed to the town. Scottish. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1424 Sc. Acts Jas. I c. 21 (1814) II. 8/1 Þai..sall haue a certane takyn to landwart of þe schireff & in burowis of þe aldermen & þe balȝeis.

1457 Sc. Acts Jas. I c. 21 (1814) II. 49/1 Within burowis and commonys to landwart.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 276 Als~weall within townes as to landwarte.

1753 Scots Mag. Apr. 203/1 No part of the parish is to landward.

b. Similarly in (the) landward. Scottish. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. v. f. 174^v/1 Ane vailȝeant & lusty man of greter curage & spreit, than ony man that was nurist in landwart as he was.

2. to (the) landward: towards or in the direction of the land; on or to the land side (of).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > [adverb] > to

alandc1300

to (the) landward?c1450

landward1610

landwards1833

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 631 Whils þai wer þus to landward boune.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 77 In burghis, to landwart and to sie.

1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 352^v Vppon the innermoste necke to the landewarde, is a tufte of trees.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. i. 68 Where the mountaine lookes to land-ward of the Ile.

a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) i. 4 To the Land-ward [stand] Mezen, and Slobotca..; To Seaward lies the Cape of Candinos.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 71 As for Fortifications to the Landward they had none.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xii. 86 Except to landward, there is nothing to arrest the eye.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. iii. 41 On the broad moor to landward of the town.

B. adv.

1. Towards the land; = sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > [adverb] > to

alandc1300

to (the) landward?c1450

landward1610

landwards1833

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 318 Couched betweene a high cliffe sea-ward and as high an hill land-ward.

1816 W. Wordsworth Imagination—ne'er before Content 13 A sudden shower That land-ward stretches from the sea.

1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 237 Landward she saw the low green meadows lie.

1873 W. Black Princess of Thule vi. 90 Deep and narrow valleys that ran landward.

2. Scottish. In the country; = sense A. 1. rare.

ΚΠ

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. ii. 36 Within burgh, and not landward.

C. adj.

1. Scottish. Belonging to, inhabiting the country; country-, rustic.

ΚΠ

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 5 It wes callit eftir Pagus, that is to say, ane landwart towne.

1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Liiij^v Gif ȝour purpose be of landwart effairis, To vse corruptit and vplandis wordis.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 344 The burgessis, and landwart men.

1637–50 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 24 The communion to be celebrated within burghs four times in the yeare, in landwart twise.

a1676 H. Guthry Mem. (1702) 54 A Land~ward Kirk in Galloway.

a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) x. 168 The common people in the land~ward round about the town.

17.. A. Ramsay Ode Birth of Drumlanrig ii Some landart lass.

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iv. ii I've shook off my landwart cast In foreign cities.

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 176 The door was locked, as is usual in landward towns in this country.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 362 The landward contemporaries of my grandfather.

1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. ii. 127 The town councils generally took more interest in the welfare of a school..than the landward heritors.

2. Lying or situated towards the land (as opposed to the sea); occasionally: belonging to the land.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > country as opposed to town > [adjective]

fieldena1425

rustic?1440

citylessc1450

champestrea1492

rural?a1500

rustical1542

agrestc1550

predial1592

champestrial1612

agrestic1617

agrestical1623

agrested1650

upland1654

countrified1756

agrestian1812

country1827

mofussil1828

agrestial1840

landward1844

bucolic1846

out-country1939

land-bound1972

the world > space > relative position > opposite position > [adjective] > facing > facing specific thing

streetward1842

landward1844

hillward1870

street front1894

1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 251 The Upper and Lower Circular roads, which nearly encompass the city on its eastern or landward side.

1859 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 436 The tree..ceases to be found at any distance beyond the landward counterslope, and it is unknown in the interior.

1865 Reader 2 Sept. 253/2 This barbarian innocency on the part of our landward population as to the teeming plenty of the deep.

1881 J. Grant Cameronians I. i. 16 On the landward side the view was different.

Compounds

landward-bred adj. Scottish country-bred.

ΚΠ

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 19 I am landward bred.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona i. 7 If you are landward bred it will be different.

Derivatives

ˈlandwardness n. (also landertness) Scottish rusticity.

ΚΠ

1879 R. L. Stevenson Some Aspects of Burns in Cornhill Mag. Oct. 417 He [sc. Burns] affected a rusticity or laudertness.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	landward
释义	landwardn.adv.adj. Brit. /ˈlandwəd/, U.S. /ˈlæn(d)wərd/, /ˈlændərd/ Forms: Also 1500s landewarde, ScottishMiddle English–1700s landwart, 1700s landart, 1800s landert. Etymology: < land n.¹: see -ward suffix. A. n. †1. a. to landward: in the country, as opposed to the town. Scottish. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1424 Sc. Acts Jas. I c. 21 (1814) II. 8/1 Þai..sall haue a certane takyn to landwart of þe schireff & in burowis of þe aldermen & þe balȝeis. 1457 Sc. Acts Jas. I c. 21 (1814) II. 49/1 Within burowis and commonys to landwart. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 276 Als~weall within townes as to landwarte. 1753 Scots Mag. Apr. 203/1 No part of the parish is to landward. b. Similarly in (the) landward. Scottish. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. xii. v. f. 174^v/1 Ane vailȝeant & lusty man of greter curage & spreit, than ony man that was nurist in landwart as he was. 2. to (the) landward: towards or in the direction of the land; on or to the land side (of). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > [adverb] > to alandc1300 to (the) landward?c1450 landward1610 landwards1833 ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) 631 Whils þai wer þus to landward boune. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 77 In burghis, to landwart and to sie. 1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 352^v Vppon the innermoste necke to the landewarde, is a tufte of trees. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis ii. i. 68 Where the mountaine lookes to land-ward of the Ile. a1674 J. Milton Brief Hist. Moscovia (1682) i. 4 To the Land-ward [stand] Mezen, and Slobotca..; To Seaward lies the Cape of Candinos. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 71 As for Fortifications to the Landward they had none. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xii. 86 Except to landward, there is nothing to arrest the eye. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. iii. 41 On the broad moor to landward of the town. B. adv. 1. Towards the land; = sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > [adverb] > to alandc1300 to (the) landward?c1450 landward1610 landwards1833 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 318 Couched betweene a high cliffe sea-ward and as high an hill land-ward. 1816 W. Wordsworth Imagination—ne'er before Content 13 A sudden shower That land-ward stretches from the sea. 1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 237 Landward she saw the low green meadows lie. 1873 W. Black Princess of Thule vi. 90 Deep and narrow valleys that ran landward. 2. Scottish. In the country; = sense A. 1. rare. ΚΠ 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. ii. 36 Within burgh, and not landward. C. adj. 1. Scottish. Belonging to, inhabiting the country; country-, rustic. ΚΠ 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 5 It wes callit eftir Pagus, that is to say, ane landwart towne. 1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. Liiij^v Gif ȝour purpose be of landwart effairis, To vse corruptit and vplandis wordis. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 344 The burgessis, and landwart men. 1637–50 J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) 24 The communion to be celebrated within burghs four times in the yeare, in landwart twise. a1676 H. Guthry Mem. (1702) 54 A Land~ward Kirk in Galloway. a1698 W. Row Suppl. in R. Blair Life (1848) (modernized text) x. 168 The common people in the land~ward round about the town. 17.. A. Ramsay Ode Birth of Drumlanrig ii Some landart lass. 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iv. ii I've shook off my landwart cast In foreign cities. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality viii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. II. 176 The door was locked, as is usual in landward towns in this country. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (1858) 362 The landward contemporaries of my grandfather. 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. ii. 127 The town councils generally took more interest in the welfare of a school..than the landward heritors. 2. Lying or situated towards the land (as opposed to the sea); occasionally: belonging to the land. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > country as opposed to town > [adjective] fieldena1425 rustic?1440 citylessc1450 champestrea1492 rural?a1500 rustical1542 agrestc1550 predial1592 champestrial1612 agrestic1617 agrestical1623 agrested1650 upland1654 countrified1756 agrestian1812 country1827 mofussil1828 agrestial1840 landward1844 bucolic1846 out-country1939 land-bound1972 the world > space > relative position > opposite position > [adjective] > facing > facing specific thing streetward1842 landward1844 hillward1870 street front1894 1844 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. India 251 The Upper and Lower Circular roads, which nearly encompass the city on its eastern or landward side. 1859 R. F. Burton Lake Regions Central Afr. in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 29 436 The tree..ceases to be found at any distance beyond the landward counterslope, and it is unknown in the interior. 1865 Reader 2 Sept. 253/2 This barbarian innocency on the part of our landward population as to the teeming plenty of the deep. 1881 J. Grant Cameronians I. i. 16 On the landward side the view was different. Compounds landward-bred adj. Scottish country-bred. ΚΠ 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality i, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 19 I am landward bred. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona i. 7 If you are landward bred it will be different. Derivatives ˈlandwardness n. (also landertness) Scottish rusticity. ΚΠ 1879 R. L. Stevenson Some Aspects of Burns in Cornhill Mag. Oct. 417 He [sc. Burns] affected a rusticity or laudertness. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adv.adj.1424
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