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单词 lake
释义

laken.1

Forms: Old English lác, Middle English lac, ( lak-), Middle English loc, ( lok), loac.
Etymology: Old English lác ( < prehistoric *laikom , *laikâ ) neuter and feminine; not found with the same meaning in any other Germanic language, but usually identified with the Common Germanic *laiko- ‘play’, lake n.2 With regard to the sense, it may be compared with Old English lícian to please, like v.1, from another grade of the same root.
Obsolete.
An offering, sacrifice; also, a gift. Only Old English and early Middle English to lake (dative), as a gift. In quot. c1325: a tax.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun]
givec888
lakeOE
presentc1230
giftc1275
garrison1297
benefit1377
beneficec1380
givinga1382
handsela1393
donativec1430
oblation1433
propine1448
presentationc1460
don1524
sportule1538
premie?1548
first penny1557
donation1577
exhibition1579
donary1582
fairing1584
merced1589
gifture1592
meed1613
recado1615
regalo1622
regale1649
dation1656
compliment1702
dashee1705
dash1788
cadeau1808
bestowment1837
potlatch1844
prez.1919
Harry Freeman's1925
pressie1933
society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun]
ofleteeOE
almousOE
houselOE
yieldOE
lakeOE
offeringOE
offeranda1225
sacrificea1300
hosta1340
sacrifyingc1374
mannaa1382
incense1382
oblationc1425
hostie1483
obleya1500
sacrificy?c1510
immolation1534
offerture1537
offrage1548
mactation1563
offertory1596
sacrificing1601
litation1623
elibation1656
sacrification1694
sacrificature1779
OE Beowulf 1584 He..oðer swylc ut offerede, laðlicu lac.
c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 4 Ac gang æt-eowe þe þam sacerde and bring hym þa lac þe moyses bebead on hyra gecyðnesse.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 39 Ne con him crist na mare þong þene þah he sloȝe þin child and bere þe his heaued to lake.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 45 Þe þre loc þe ich er nemde þat is gold, and recheles and mirre.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 63 Ðe riche reoðeren..brohten to lake.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 79 Þe þreo kinges..offrin iesu crist þe deore þreo lakes.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1798 Iacob sente fer bi-foren Him riche loac and sundri boren.
c1325 Chron. Eng. 445 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II In Englond he arerede a lok Of uche hous that come smok, To Rome yef a peny, y wys, That Petres peny cleped ys.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

laken.2

Forms: Middle English Orm. leȝȝk, Middle English leyk, Middle English laic, Middle English–1500s laik(e, layk(e, Middle English lak(e.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse leik-r.
Etymology: < Old Norse leik-r play, corresponding to Old English lác neuter or masculine warlike activity (once only; but see lake n.1), Old High German leich masculine and neuter song, melody, Gothic laik-s dance < Old Germanic *laiko- , a verbal noun < *laikan to play, lake v.1
Obsolete.
1.
a. Play, sport, fun, glee. In plural games, tricks, goings on.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > [noun]
gleea700
playeOE
gameeOE
lakec1175
skentingc1175
wil-gomenc1275
solacec1290
deduit1297
envesurec1300
playingc1300
disport1303
spilea1325
laking1340
solacingc1384
bourdc1390
mazec1390
welfarea1400
recreationc1400
solancec1400
sporta1425
sportancea1450
sportingc1475
deport1477
recreancea1500
shurting15..
ebate?1518
recreating1538
abatementc1550
pleasuring1556
comfortmenta1558
disporting1561
pastiming1574
riec1576
joyance1595
spleen1598
merriment1600
amusement1603
amusing1603
entertainment1612
spleena1616
divertisement1651
diversion1653
disportment1660
sporting of nature1666
fun1726
délassement1804
gammock1841
pleasurement1843
dallying1889
rec1922
good, clean fun1923
cracka1966
looning1966
shoppertainment1993
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception > collectively
lakec1175
fibicches1362
flim-flam1570
tricks and trillibubs1637
funny business1882
the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun]
dreamOE
man-dreamOE
gleea1200
galec1200
bauderyc1386
oliprancec1390
cheera1393
gaynessc1400
disportc1405
joyousitiea1450
festivitya1500
lakea1500
gaiety1573
merriment1574
jucundity1575
galliardise?1577
jouissance1579
merrymake1579
jolliment1590
mirth1591
jollyhead1596
spleen1598
jocantry16..
geniality1609
jovialty1621
jocundry1637
gaietry1650
sport1671
fun1726
galliardism1745
gig1777
merrymaking1779
hilarity1834
rollick1852
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2166 Inn ægæde. & i leȝȝkess.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1021 For it ne was non horse-knaue..That he ne kam thider, the leyk to se.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 465 We ne louen in our land no laik nor no mirthe.
a1400 Sir Perc. 1704 The childe hadd no powste His laykes to lett.
a1400–50 Alexander 4685 Þe cursed laike o couatis ware clene with it drenchid.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 274 Þat for her lodlych laykez alosed þay were.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 186 Welcom hym worshipfully, Laghyng with lake.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qii v/2 A Layke, play, ludus.
b. A stake at play.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > stake
wager1303
wedc1330
wed-feec1475
stake1540
lay1584
lake1636
1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 1109 I pledge, ere all the play bee plaid That some shall lose a laike.
2. A fight, contest.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > an act or instance of
flitec1000
strifea1225
wara1300
pulla1400
lakec1420
contenta1450
stour?c1450
contentiona1500
pingle1543
agony1555
feudc1565
combat1567
skirmish1576
grapple1604
counter-scuffle1628
scuffle1641
agon1649
tug1660
tug of war1677
risse1684
struggle1692
palaver1707
hash1789
warsle1792
scrabble1794
set-to1794
go1823
bucklea1849
wrestle1850
tussle1857
head-to-head1884
scrum1905
battleground1931
shoot-out1953
mud-wrestle1986
OE Guthlac B 1034 Wiga nealæceð, unlæt laces.]
c1420 Anturs of Arth. (Douce) 538 Lordes and ladies of þat laike likes.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. ciiv Thus may ye lippin on the lake throu lair yt I leir.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10408 Þe lyght wex lasse, and þe laik endit.
?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 382 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 246 This layke lasted on the lande the length of fower howers.

Draft additions 1997

lake-lass n. a female companion or playmate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > female friend > woman's
cummer?a1513
she-friend1600
socia1797
lake-lass1849
1849 C. Brontë Shirley III. xiv. 316 I can remember the old mill being built..; and then, I can remember it being pulled down, and going with my lake-lasses (companions) to see the foundation-stone of the new one laid.
1875 J. Fothergill Healey I. viii. 118 Hoo went wi' two o' her lake-lasses..for a walk.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

laken.3

Brit. /leɪk/, U.S. /leɪk/
Etymology: Old English lacu strong feminine; the sense shows that it is not < Latin lacus (see lake n.4) but a native word, from a Germanic root *lak- denoting moisture; compare Old English lęccan to moisten, leach v.2, also leak n., leak v.The Old High German lahha (German lache) pond, bog, is formally coincident, but is perhaps of Latin origin.
Obsolete exc. dialect.
A small stream of running water; also, a channel for water. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > streamling or streamlet
lake955
sikec1330
streamleta1552
streamling1605
rain1611
rean1611
streamie1789
draw1864
tricklet1880
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water
water leatOE
water lade1224
leat1279
watergang1293
sow1316
trough1398
wissinga1400
lanec1420
waterway1431
water leasow1440
watercoursea1450
fleam1523
lead1541
cut1548
aqueducta1552
lake1559
strand1565
race1570
channel1581
watergauge1597
gout1598
server1610
carriage1669
runnel1669
aquage1706
shoot1707
tewel1725
run1761
penstock1763
hulve1764
way-gang1766
culvert1774
flume1784
shute1790
pentrough1793
raceway1793
water carriage1793
carrier1794
conductor1796
water carrier1827
penchute1875
chute1878
by-cut1883
955 Charter of Edred in Earle Charters 382 Ðæt to Mægðe forda andlang lace ut on Temese.
1235–52 in C. J. Elton Rentalia et Custumaria (1891) (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 35 Pro decem acris inter Lak.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 19 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 95 This riche Rever dovn ran..Throwe ane forest..And for to lende by yat laike thocht me levare.
1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 346 The matter must..be by and by tied and pressed in a little presse of wood, with a little lake or gutter of wood.
a1636 T. Westcote View Devonshire 1630 (1845) 265 We shall find him [Taw] a very small lake at his birth in Dartmoor.
a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §341 351 Lyn, a pretty lake, streameth out of the Exmoor hills.
1842 G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sketches 12 Vrem rise to mouth there's lots o' lakes,—An rivers zum—that into 'n fall.
1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall Lake, a small stream of running water.
1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 June 4/1 Each tiny drain, called locally a ‘lake’, was edged broadly by a band of great saffron-hued king cups.

Compounds

lake-frith n. Obsolete the close-time for fishing in a stream.
ΚΠ
1235–52 in C. J. Elton Rentalia et Custumaria (1891) (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 141 Et debet servare Lakefrithe.
lake-rift n. Obsolete a gully made by a stream.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 536 And lyonnez and lebardez to þe lake ryftes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

laken.4

Brit. /leɪk/, U.S. /leɪk/
Forms: Middle English lac, lak, laake, leke, Middle English–1500s lacke, Middle English–1600s Scottish laik(e, 1500s Scottish layk, 1600s laque, Middle English– lake.
Etymology: Early Middle English lac , < Old French lac, < Latin lacus basin, tub, tank, lake, pond; the popular form of the word in Old French was lai . The present English form lake (recorded from the 14th cent.) may be due to confusion with lake n.3, or perhaps rather to independent adoption of Latin lacus.
1.
a. A large body of water entirely surrounded by land; properly, one sufficiently large to form a geographical feature, but in recent use often applied to an ornamental water in a park, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun]
mereeOE
laya1000
lakec1275
poolc1275
watera1325
loughc1330
loch1427
broad1659
Mediterranean1661
Mediterrane1694
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 642 Ouer þen lac [c1300 Otho lake] of Siluius & ouer þen lac [c1300 Otho lake] of Philisteus.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2863 A stinkand see, þat semes als a lake of hell.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 438 Þenne lasned þe llak þat large watz are.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxi. 98 In þe grund of þat lac er funden faire precious stanes.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 799 Þar is a grete lake nere hand.
c1480 (a1400) St. Blaise 226 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 367 Quhy thole ȝe þame oure godis tak, & þis to kast þame in þe lak?
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. xii. 150 Of thair bruyt resoundis the river And all the layk of Asia fer and neyr.
1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng., Descr. Irel. 5/1 The ryver Ban renneth out of the leke into the north ocean.
1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 382 Being built on the South side of a large Laque.
1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 286 There were only smaller Lakes and Seas, but no great Ocean before the Deluge.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 84 Nothing can exceed the beauty of the landscape which this lake affords.
1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 210 The navigation of the lakes is carried on by steamboats.
1853 M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum in Poems (new ed.) 34 Never more Shall the lake glass her, flying over it.
b. transferred and figurative (perhaps in some instances from sense 2).
ΚΠ
a1225 St. Marher. 14 Ich leade ham..iþe ladliche lake of the suti sunne.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. xx. 14 Deth and hell were cast into the lake of fyre.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. Verses a 4 Over the Ocean's Universal Lake.
1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood I. ii. 34 Close by the vestry-door, there was this little billowy lake of grass.
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 109 We can see the wide lake of liquid metal simmering and spurting like porridge.
1974 Daily Tel. 30 July 17/1 The Common Market has a ‘wine lake’ estimated at 8 million litres..—and yesterday a Labour MP called for some of it to be brought to Britain.
1975 Times 9 Apr. 15/3 Butter mountains and wine lakes are part of the price which Europe pays for a common agricultural policy.
c. the Great Lake: see Great Lake n. 2.
d. In plural with the. The Great Lakes (see Great Lake n. 1).
ΚΠ
1759 P. Collinson in W. Darlington Memorials J. Bartram & H. Marshall (1849) 217 I don't remember ever reading of any [goats] in the country about the lakes.
1803 W. B. Grove Let. 25 Feb. in Papers of John Steele (1924) I. 367 The Ocean, the Mexican Gulf, the Mississippi & the Lakes must be our boundaries.
e. transferred. An area where the atmospheric pressure is lower than in surrounding areas.
ΚΠ
1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents 15 And between the two banks of high pressure is the Mediterranean ‘lake’ of low pressure.
f. to jump (or go (and) jump) in the lake: see jump v. 1d.
2. A pond, a pool. Obsolete exc. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun]
pooleOE
seathc950
lakea1000
flosha1300
stanga1300
weira1300
water poolc1325
carrc1330
stamp1338
stank1338
ponda1387
flashc1440
stagnec1470
peel?a1500
sole15..
danka1522
linn1577
sound1581
flake1598
still1681
slew1708
splash1760
watering hole1776
vlei1793
jheel1805
slougha1817
sipe1825
a1000 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 656 (Laud) Þurh ælle þa meres and feonnes þa liggen toward Huntendune porte and þas meres and laces.
c1325 Song Mercy 162 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 123 We slepe a[s] swolle swyn in lake.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11934 Þarbi satt iesus on his plai, And lakes seuen he made o clai.
a1400 Pistill of Susan 229 He lyft vp þe lach and leop ouer þe lake, þat ȝouthe.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 269 Ne noon so grey goos goth ther in the lake.
?a1500 Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) vii. 291 Lye there, lydder, in the lake.
1609 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1816) IV. 432/1 All vtheris, garthis, pullis, haldis, Laikis and nettis.
1784 J. Filson Discov. Kentucke 31 Near the head of Salt river a subterranean lake, or large pond, has lately been discovered.
1835 C. P. Bradley Jrnl. 17 June in Ohio Archæol. & Hist. Q. (1906) 15 258 They call here every little pond a lake.
1917 Hearst's Aug. 126/1 I write this..down by the pond—they call it the lake—at the foot of Beverly-Jones's estate.
1988 Chapel Hill (N. Carolina) Newspaper 21 Feb. 6 d/5 (advt.) In this lovely, new 5-bedroom home, enjoy the private lake right outside the back door.
3.
a. [after Vulgate lacus.] A pit; a den (of lions); occasionally a grave. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun]
dalea800
piteOE
dike847
hollowc897
hole946
seathc950
delfOE
hollc1050
ditchc1275
lakec1320
holetc1380
slacka1500
dell1531
vault1535
pit-hole1583
delve1590
lough1672
sinusa1676
gap1696
self-lough1700
scoop1780
cup1819
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun]
buriels854
througheOE
burianOE
graveOE
lairc1000
lair-stowc1000
lich-restc1000
pitOE
grass-bedOE
buriness1175
earth housec1200
sepulchrec1200
tombc1300
lakec1320
buriala1325
monumenta1325
burying-place1382
resting placea1387
sepulturea1387
beda1400
earth-beda1400
longhousea1400
laystow1452
lying1480
delfa1500
worms' kitchen?a1500
bier1513
laystall1527
funeral?a1534
lay-bed1541
restall1557
cellarc1560
burying-grave1599
pit-hole1602
urn1607
cell1609
hearse1610
polyandrum1627
requietory1631
burial-place1633
mortuary1654
narrow cell1686
ground-sweat1699
sacred place1728
narrow house1792
plot1852
narrow bed1854
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera leo or lion > den
lake1511
c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 347 For þey to my soule deluyn a lake.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 16 Þe lake he oppynd and vp grofe it.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxxviii. 18 Thei shul not abyden thi treuthe, that gon doun in to the lake.
a1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 350 Whan he dede ryse out of his lake Than was ther suche an erthe quake That [etc.].
1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xxvv The Aungell..set hym in ye lake of lyons, where Danyell the prophete was.
figurative.a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 83 He ladde me out of þe laake of wrechchednesse.
b. An underground dungeon; a prison. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > dungeon
dungOE
pitc1300
lakea1382
dungeonc1390
donjona1400
little-easea1529
thieves' hole1578
dungeon cell?1674
oubliette1777
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxviii. 6 Thei putte doun Jeremye in cordis and in to the lake.
1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 73 Cristyn thus entryd was In to that horribyl and lothful lake.
4. Used after Latin lacus = a wine-vat. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for wine
wine-barrelc950
wine-bottlec950
wine-bowlc950
wine boxc950
wine-buttc950
wine-canc950
wine-caskc950
wine-cupc950
wine-decanterc950
wine-flaskc950
wine-jarc950
wine jugc950
wine-tunc950
wine-vesselc950
pipe1314
lake1382
ampullaa1398
wine-pot14..
butt1418
stick1433
vinagerc1440
rumneya1475
fust1481
pece1594
sack-butt1599
fudder1679
Shaftesbury1699
wine glass1709
quarter pipe?1763
leaguer1773
porron1845
solera1863
octave1864
wine fountain1889
yu1904
lei1929
papsak1999
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. xiv. 20 And the lake is defoulid with oute the citee, and the blood wente out of the lake vn to the brijdels of horsis.
1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 48 Daphnis cast them [sc. grapes] into the presse, and trod them there; and then anon, out of the Lake, tunn'd the Wine into the Butts.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive.
(a)
lake-bed n.
ΚΠ
1906 Yorks. Notes & Queries July 100 Their position on the edge of the old lake-bed.
1937 Discovery Jan. 24/1 The bones [of the shovel-tusked Mastodon] lay embedded in the hardened mud deposit of an ancient lake-bed in Mongolia.
lake-fishery n.
ΚΠ
1883 F. A. Smith Swedish Fisheries 13 It is scarcely possible to find the approximate value of the lake fisheries of Sweden by the official returns.
lake-fowl n.
ΚΠ
1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake ii. x. 143 The lake-fowl's wake was heard no more.
lake-front n.
ΚΠ
1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xxv. 245 The lake front is walled with masonry like a pier.
1968 Economist 13 July 38/3 A lakefront site that would be better as a park.
lake-island n.
ΚΠ
1893 W. B. Yeats in Bookman May 43/1 It is said that an enchanted tree once grew on the little lake-island of Innisfree.
lake-isle n.
ΚΠ
1890 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen (1892) 121 (title) The Lake Isle of Innisfree.
1917 E. Pound Lustra 61 (title) The lake isle.
lake-level n.
ΚΠ
1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xii. §538 A lowering of the lake-level.
lake-shore n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1798 I. Allen Nat. & Polit. Hist. Vermont 61 The two Frenchmen were landed..with instructions to follow the lake shore.
1813 Niles' Reg. 4 159/1 Previous to this period, a great deal of prejudice existed against the lake shore, as unhealthy.
1849 Executive Documents U.S. House of Representatives (31st Congress, 1st Sess.) No. 5. ii. 731 The sandstone on the lake-shore is..covered by fifteen..feet of sand and clay.
1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 319 Hence [arise] their efforts to reach Chicago, by way of the Erie lake shore.
1896 W. D. Howells Impressions & Experiences 7 In that cold lake-shore country the people dwelt in wooden structures.
1973 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 22 Aug. 1/1 The 15½-foot-deep lake gives Tucson the appearance of being a major lakeshore metropolis.
lake-side n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > of lake or pool
lake-side1560
stank-brae1579
poolside1655
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxxiii After they couche them selues in a pece of grounde, by the lake side.
1727 P. Longueville Hermit (1816) 31 He attended me to the lake side.
1871 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 258 A swan rose trumpeting from the lakeside.
lake-steamer n.
ΚΠ
1847 Knickerbocker 30 456 He has been inspired by looking down through the iron foot-grating of a great lake-steamer.
1888 C. D. Ferguson Exper. Forty-niner i. 11 It was in the month of September, 1849, when..I embarked on the lake-steamer, A. D. Patchen for Chicago.
lake-system n.
ΚΠ
1861 Times 22 Oct. Canada and the lake system..cut into the States on the north.
lake-water n.
ΚΠ
1890 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen (1892) 121 I hear lake water lapping with low sounds.
1906 Westm. Gaz. Oct. 6 6/2 And far below the blue lake-waters shine.
1920 J. Joyce Let. 5 June (1966) II. 469 It should be read in the evening when the lakewater is lapping.
(b)
lakeward adj.
ΚΠ
1871 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 270 The slope on the lakeward side.
(c) Also in the names of fishes for which see the second member.
lake-bass n.
ΚΠ
1795 J. Scott U.S. Gazetteer at Vermont A species of fish called lake bass.
1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 424 The White Bass or Striped Lake Bass, Roccus chrysops.
1973 R. Lockridge Not I, said Sparrow (1974) vi. 87 There was only one right way to cook lake bass.
lake-herring n.
ΚΠ
1842 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. iv. 267 The Lake Moon-eye, Hyodon clodalis,..is common in Lake Erie. At Buffalo and Barcelona, it is called Moon-eye, Shiner, and Lake Herring.
1875 Amer. Naturalist 9 135 I received..a collection of deep water ‘Siscoes’... Compared with Coregonus most of the species have a more slender form; hence their popular name of ‘lake herrings’, although their resemblance to the sea herring is quite superficial.
1955 Arctic Terms 48/1 Lake herring, any of various whitefish of the genus Leucichthys, caught in great numbers in circumpolar fresh waters. Also called ‘cisco’.
lake-shad n.
lake-sturgeon n.
lake-trout n.
ΚΠ
1840 Knickerbocker Mag. 15 186 If they could..breakfast at Mackinac..on a lake trout.
1847 C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness xxvi. 158 Of the trout, the largest species in Lake Superior is called the lake-trout.
lake-whiting n.
b. Instrumental.
lake-girt adj.
ΚΠ
1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent I. x. 222 From the summit of this lake-girt isle.
1908 Daily Chron. 4 Aug. 3/1 The noche triste when the Spaniards found themselves surrounded in the lake-girt capital of the Aztecs.
lake-moated adj.
ΚΠ
1820 W. Scott Abbot III. xi. 346 The locked, guarded, and lake-moated Castle of Lochleven.
lake-reflected adj.
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 56 He will watch..The lake-reflected sun illume The yellow bees.
lake-surrounded adj.
ΚΠ
1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. ii. 74 Like many a lake-surrounding flute, Sounds overflow the listener's brain.
c. Locative.
(a)
lake-diver n.
ΚΠ
1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 23 What art thou?.. Adam's Ulcer,..the lake-diver, the furnace brand, the brimstone~match of that cursed man.
(b)
lake-resounding adj.
ΚΠ
1717 T. Parnell tr. Homer's Battle Frogs & Mice 5 The Lake-resounding Frogs selected Fare.
d.
lake-like adj.
ΚΠ
1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 251 White and lake-like fields [of mist].
C2.
a. Special combinations. Also lakeland n.
lake-basin n. a depression which contains, or has contained, a lake; also, the area drained by all the streams entering a lake.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] > large hollow or basin
hollow1553
howe1584
lake-basin1833
bolson1838
basinc1854
terr-oceanic basin1859
bowl1860
torsion-basin1899
cuvette1907
foredeep1909
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 9 The whole assemblage must terminate somewhere:..where they reach the boundary of the original lake-basin.
1865 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2) 272 Lake-basin, in geography, the depressed area which contains the waters of a lake; also the entire area drained by the streams that fall into a lake. In geology, the concavity..in which the waters of a lake rest.
1882 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 21 326 In the Himalaya, the valleys of Nepal and Kashmir are old orographic lake basins.
1965 W. D. Thornbury Regional Geomorphol. U.S. xxiv. 494/2 Fish can be carried by birds from one lake basin into another.
1967 J. N. Jennings & J. A. Mabbutt Landform Stud. Austral. & New Guinea vi. 111 Such an argument would explain why well formed alluvial fans survive outside the catchment of Lake Torrens and why they are absent or present in only a degraded form within the lake basin.
lake country n. = lakeland n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England
wealdOE
Oxon.c1439
the Stannaries1455
Midland1555
Home Counties1695
Islandshire1705
lakes1774
file1775
potteries1795
the Shires1796
Tyneside1824
lakeland1829
Lake District1835
lake country1842
Wessex1868
Shakespeare country1900
Geordieland1901
cherry country1902
1842 Amer. Pioneer 1 211 No where was the pressure or want of money more sensibly felt than in the lake country.
1875 J. R. Lowell Wks. (1890) IV. 363 The greater part of Wordsworth's vacations was spent in his native Lake-country.
lake-crater n. a crater which contains or has contained a lake.
ΚΠ
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 197 If we pass from the Upper to the Lower Eifel we find the celebrated lake-crater of Laach.
Lake District n. = lakeland n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England
wealdOE
Oxon.c1439
the Stannaries1455
Midland1555
Home Counties1695
Islandshire1705
lakes1774
file1775
potteries1795
the Shires1796
Tyneside1824
lakeland1829
Lake District1835
lake country1842
Wessex1868
Shakespeare country1900
Geordieland1901
cherry country1902
1835 W. Wordsworth Yarrow Revisited 169 (note) Force is the word used in the Lake District for Water-fall.
1851 Art Jrnl. 1 May 132/2 The scale upon which the scenery of the English Lake district is laid out.
1886 J. Prestwich Geol. I. 267 In the Lake District the planes of cleavage also usually strike about E.N.E.
1936 Discovery May 150/2 Lovers of the Lake District..feel that the peculiar wild beauty of the innermost fells will be destroyed by the introduction of large acreages of larch and spruce planted in small rows on the hillsides.
1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 1 Lakes therefore tend to be grouped together in lake districts.
1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 1 The whole group of lakes of a given lake district may be compared with another group.
Categories »
lake-fever n. U.S. local malaria.
Categories »
lake-fly n. U.S. an ephemerid ( Ephemera simulans), which swarms in the Great Lakes late in July ( Cent. Dict.).
Lakehead n. Canadian (a) Historical the western end of Lake Ontario (quot. 1827); (b) the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, and the surrounding region on the north-west shore of Lake Superior.
ΚΠ
1827 Gore Gaz. (Ancaster, Upper Canada) 25 May 50/4 It appeared, that a person at the Lake Head, had furnished the York Garrison with 800 bbls. of Flour last year.
1955 Beaver Summer 37 From the deck of the loaded freighter, bound for the Sault and Welland Canals, the grain strongholds of the lakehead stand like castles against the sunset.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. B7/2 One of the world's largest multiple-line insurance companies requires a sales oriented management man to establish a sales force in the lakehead.
lake-lawyer n. U.S. a jocular name given to two different fishes, the bow-fin and the burbot, in allusion to their voracity.
ΚΠ
1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Lake lawyer, the Western Mud-fish... Dr. Kirtland says it is..called the lake lawyer, from its ‘ferocious looks and voracious habits’.
lake-lodge n.
ΚΠ
1884 Evangelical Mag. May 212 [Beavers'] Lodges are built sometimes on the shores of lakes..These are called ‘lake-lodges’.
lake-ore n. (see quots.).
ΚΠ
1864 T. L. Phipson Utiliz. Minute Life x. 256 In the lakes of Sweden there are vast layers of iron oxide almost exclusively built up by animalcules. This kind of iron-stone is called lake-ore.
lake rampart n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun] > ice rampart
ice rampart1846
lake rampart1860
1860 C. H. Hitchcock in Proc. 13th Meeting Amer. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 335 We have discovered similar walls of stone in Vermont, and venture to describe this form of drift under the name of Lake Ramparts.
lake ridge n. = ice rampart n. at ice n. Compounds 8.
ΚΠ
1870 Amer. Naturalist 4 199 Above all these Drift deposits..are the ‘lake ridges’—embankments of sand, gravel, sticks, leaves, etc., which run imperfectly parallel with the present outlines of the lake margins.
lake-weed n. water-pepper ( Polygonum hydropiper).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > water-pepper
arsesmarta1300
red-kneea1300
culragea1400
smarthole1440
water pepper1538
arsenick1552
ciderage1578
lake-weed1693
water smartweed1867
pochard grass1879
1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 876 'Tis branched and seeded something like Spinage or Mercury, but leaved rather like Lakeweed.
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 316 Lakeweed, Polygonum.
b.
Lake poetry n. the poetry written by the Lake poets.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > other types of poem > [noun] > poems in style of specific groups of writers
Lake poetry1843
beat poetry1959
1843 H. N. Coleridge in Stanley Life Arnold (1884) I. i. 16 What has been somewhat unreasonably called the Lake Poetry.
Lake poets n. a term casually applied to the three poets, Coleridge, Southey, and Wordsworth, who resided in the region of the English Lakes.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [noun]
Lake poets1816
Lake school1816
Satanic school1821
Spasmodic School1832
imagism1912
Acmeism1913
Adamism1913
unanimism1931
ultraism1932
the Movement1954
Simultaneism1959
spatialism1964
1816 Edinb. Rev. 27 278 His [sc. Byron's] views fell more in with those of the Lake poets, than of any other party in the poetical commonwealth.
1824 J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. 1 516 Mr. Southey..and the other Lake poets..commenced writing with higher objects.
1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 343/2 The appellation of Lake-poets, given to these three individuals after the publication of the ‘Lyrical Ballads.’
Lake school n. = Lake poets n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [noun]
Lake poets1816
Lake school1816
Satanic school1821
Spasmodic School1832
imagism1912
Acmeism1913
Adamism1913
unanimism1931
ultraism1932
the Movement1954
Simultaneism1959
spatialism1964
1816 Edinb. Rev. 27 66 Other productions of the Lake School.
1817 Edinb. Rev. Aug. 509 When we have occasion to consider any new publication from the Lake school.
1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. vii. 307 To the whole Lake school his [Hazlitt's] attitude is always the same—justice done grudgingly.
c.
lake-dweller n. one who in pre-historic times lived in a lake-dwelling.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of lake-dwelling
lake-dweller1863
pile-dweller1875
fascine dweller1878
crannoger1884
lake-man1884
1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 21 In the stone period the lake-dwellers cultivated all these cereals.
lake-dwelling n.
ΚΠ
1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 18 The Swiss lake-dwellings seem first to have attracted attention during the dry winter of 1853–4.
1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 12 Researches into the lake-dwellings of West Scotland.
lake-habitation n. one built upon piles driven into the bed of a lake.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > other types of dwelling > [noun] > prehistoric dwellings
broch1654
crannog1851
pile-building1863
pile-work1863
fascine dwelling1865
lake-habitation1865
palafitte1866
terramare1866
roundhouse1872
mound dwelling1897
wag1911
wheel-dwelling1931
wheelhouse1935
1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times iii. 69 The piles used in the Swiss Stone age Lake-habitations were evidently..prepared with the help of stone axes.
lake-hamlet n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > other types of village
post village1673
mill village1834
lake-settlement1863
pile village1863
lake-village1865
lake-hamlet1878
pile settlement1878
garden village1892
tree-village1901
model village1906
street village1928
strategic hamlet1963
1878 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times (ed. 4) ii. 54 A..piece of pottery, apparently intended to represent a Lake-hamlet.
lake-man n. = lake-dweller n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of lake-dwelling
lake-dweller1863
pile-dweller1875
fascine dweller1878
crannoger1884
lake-man1884
1884 W. Westall Contemp. Rev. July 70 The brain of the lake~man was equal to that of the men of our own time.
lake-settlement n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > other types of village
post village1673
mill village1834
lake-settlement1863
pile village1863
lake-village1865
lake-hamlet1878
pile settlement1878
garden village1892
tree-village1901
model village1906
street village1928
strategic hamlet1963
1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 23 The reindeer is missing in the Swiss lake-settlements.
lake-village n. a collection of such dwellings.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > other types of village
post village1673
mill village1834
lake-settlement1863
pile village1863
lake-village1865
lake-hamlet1878
pile settlement1878
garden village1892
tree-village1901
model village1906
street village1928
strategic hamlet1963
1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times v. 126 The Lake-villages of the Bronze age were contemporaneous.

Draft additions 1997

lake-port n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > town possessing > types of
member1485
free port1530
member-porta1623
port of entry1714
lake-port1837
treaty-port1863
passport port1898
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. I. ii. 261 It [sc. Chicago] will be like all the other new and thriving lake and river ports of America.
1872 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 455/1 There is no difficulty in determining the number who landed at our sea-ports and the lake-ports since October 1, 1819.
1986 New Yorker 29 Sept. 33/1 The Yavari..has not stirred from the dock at the lake port of Puno for a number of years.

Draft additions 1997

lake-dwelling adj.
ΚΠ
1949 M. Mead Male & Female iii. 54 (heading) The lake-dwelling Tchambuli.
1989 N.Y. Times 20 Aug. viii. 5/3 The fish is the seeforellen, a lake-dwelling form of the brown trout.

Draft additions September 2013

In plural. With the. Usually with capital initial. A region of lakes and mountains in Cumbria; = Lake District n. at Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England
wealdOE
Oxon.c1439
the Stannaries1455
Midland1555
Home Counties1695
Islandshire1705
lakes1774
file1775
potteries1795
the Shires1796
Tyneside1824
lakeland1829
Lake District1835
lake country1842
Wessex1868
Shakespeare country1900
Geordieland1901
cherry country1902
1774 W. Hutchinson (title) An excursion to the Lakes, in Westmoreland and Cumberland, August 1773.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice II. xix. 230 Her tour to the Lakes was now the object of her happiest thoughts. View more context for this quotation
1881 Harper's Mag. Feb. 347/1 Keswick is the most important town in the Lakes.
1934 PMLA 49 149 He..roamed in the summer vacations over Wales, Ireland, the Lakes, and the Highlands.
2011 A. Taylor In Safe Hands xvii. 379 Up there, at the Lakes, everything would be fresh and unspoiled and new.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

laken.5

Forms: Also 1500s Scottish laik, 1600s layke.
Etymology: First found in Chaucer; probably < Dutch laken, corresponding to Old English lachen ‘clamidem’ (Wright-Wülcker 377/22), Old Frisian leken, Old Saxon lakan mantle (chlamys), veil of the temple, Old High German lahhan (Middle High German lachen), modern German lakan from Low German.
Obsolete.
Fine linen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > fine
chaiselc1275
sendala1300
Raines1340
lakec1386
Irish1397
chaunselc1400
cloth of Rainesa1449
sindonc1450
sindonyc1450
umple1457
cambric1530
slyre1621
cuttanee1622
kenting1657
gulix1696
cambresine1750
Moygashel1931
c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 147 He dide next his white leere Of clooth of lake fyn and cleere.
1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 73 Bryngyng hir brede als whyt as lake.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 234 Quhilk causit hes to lurk wnder the laik Richt mony cowart durst nocht cum to straik.
?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 593 in Shorter Poems (1967) 44 Thir fair ladyis in silk and claith of Lake [1579 Edinb. Laik].
1603 Philotus lx. sig. C2v The quhytest layke bot with the blackest asse.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

laken.6

Brit. /leɪk/, U.S. /leɪk/
Etymology: Originally a variant of lac n.1
1. A pigment of a reddish hue, originally obtained from lac (cf. lac n.1 2), and now from cochineal treated as in 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > other red pigments
rosetc1450
crimson?a1475
patise1589
sandyx1601
lake1616
lac1682
red lac1682
light red1692
carmine1712
rose pink1732
Venetian red1753
fire-red1798
pink saucer1804
chica1818
Florentine lake1822
French red1844
Antwerp red1851
Paris lake1866
carajura1874
cadmium red1886
Chinese vermilion1886
Chinese red1892
terra rosa1897
vermilionette1897
Derby red1904
Monastral1936
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Lake, a faire red colour vsed by painters.
1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 111 Lay your colours vpon your pallet thus: first, your white Lead, then Lake.
1672 C. Beale Pocket-bk. in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (1763) III. i. 72 Several parcells of Lake of my own makeing.
1729 J. T. Desaguliers in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 608 Instead of Vermilion the red Paper may be painted with Carmine or Lake.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 751 Deep Prussian blue and lake..form a purple of the next degree of excellence.
1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 224 The common lake is prepared from Brazil wood.
2. transferred as the name of a colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > deep red or crimson
crimson madderOE
purpureOE
murrey1305
tuly1398
oxblood?1440
crimson?a1475
sanguinea1500
carnation?1533
murrey colour1537
purple-red1565
ruby1572
sanguine red1601
velvet-crimson1646
lake1660
lac1682
rubine1704
madder red1728
ruby-red1738
granate1750
palm-colour1773
morone1777
carmine1799
vinaceous1819
incarnadine1821
crimsoning1833
pigeon's blood1865
solferinoc1865
Burgundy1881
sang-de-bœuf1881
vermilion-crimson1882
claret1884
royal red1890
wine1895
pigeon ruby red1897
Bordeaux1904
peony1914
madder crimson1991
1660 Albert Durer Revived 11 Lake..is an excellent Crimson-colour.
1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) i. 23 In imploying of fine Colours, as fine lacks Ultra Marine Green, &c.
1882 Garden 7 Oct. 312/3 Of new flowers there are..Constancy, yellow, deeply edged with lake.
3. In extended sense: A pigment obtained by the combination of animal, vegetable, or coal-tar colouring matter with some metallic oxide or earth. Often preceded by some qualifying word, as crimson, Florence, green, madder, yellow, etc. lake. Indian lake n. a crimson pigment prepared from stick-lac treated with alum and alkali.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > types of
lac1558
purpurin1558
colourish1598
earth1598
watercolour1598
earth colour1658
encaustic1662
lake1684
virgin tint1706
mosaic gold1746
bronze1753
gold bronze1769
cake colour1784
musive gold1796
sap-colour1816
repaint1827
moist colour1842
bronze powder1846
wax-colour1854
wax pigment1854
bitumen1855
chrome garnet1876
zinc-dust1877
zinc-powder1881
terra nera1882
earth pigment1900
1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 137 How to take the Lake of any Flower.
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. i. ii. 37 If a solution of a colouring substance be mixed with a solution of alum..[and] if..we add an alkali..the colouring particles are then precipitated, combined with the alumine..this compound has got the name of Lake.
1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 430 The red juices of fruits were fixed by it [tungsten] so as to make permanent and beautiful lakes.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 410 The lakes chiefly used are red colours, and these are of different qualities.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 204 Carmine is a lake of cochineal.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xx. 180 Alumina..has the power of forming insoluble compounds called lakes with vegetable colouring matter.
1877 O'Neill in Encycl. Brit. VII. 573/1 The precipitate is usually called the ‘lake’ of the particular metal and colouring matter.

Compounds

lake-red, lake vermilion nouns and adjectives; lake-coloured adj.
ΚΠ
1764 Museum Rusticum 1 166 (note) The lake-red used by the painters in enamel is composed of fine gold dissolved in aqua regia, with sal armoniac.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 214 Pileus fine lake red, changing with age to a rich orange and buff.
1882 Garden 25 Mar. 196/2 A leafy cluster of blossoms..of a brilliant lake-vermillion hue.
1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. i. 25 The black pigment shews up very distinctly in the homogeneous lake-coloured sheet of free hæmoglobin.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lakev.1

Brit. /leɪk/, U.S. /leɪk/
Forms: Old English lácan, Middle English leyke, laiky, Middle English–1500s laike, layke, 1500s, 1800s laak, 1700s–1800s laik, Middle English– lake.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: A Common Germanic reduplicative strong verb, Old English lácan, past tense léolc, léc = Old Norse leika, past tense lék (Swedish leka, Danish lege), Gothic laikan, past tense lailaik, Middle High German leichen, past tense leichte, past participle geleichen. The word seems in Middle English to have been re-adopted in the Scandinavian form. Its currency is almost entirely northern, no forms with o being known. The inflection has been weak since the 13th cent.
Now chiefly dialect.
1.
a. intransitive. To exert oneself, move quickly, leap, spring; hence, to fight. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)]
lakeOE
flyOE
runOE
scour13..
jace1393
hie1398
spina1400
fleetc1400
glentc1400
stripc1400
suea1450
carryc1450
speed1488
scud1532
streek1598
winga1616
to clip it1616
hackney1617
swifta1618
whirryc1630
dust1673
whew1684
race1702
stroke1735
cut1797
spank1807
skid1815
speela1818
crack1824
skimmer1824
slap1827
clip1832
skeet1838
marvel1841
lick1850
travel1850
rush1852
zip1852
sail1876
rabbit1887
move1906
high-tail1908
to ball the jack1914
buzz1914
shift1922
giddap1938
burn1942
hoosh1943
bomb1966
shred1977
OE Cynewulf Juliana 674 Þa se synscaþa to scipe sceohmod sceaþena þreate Heliseus ehstream sohte, leolc ofer laguflod longe hwile on swonrade.
OE Beowulf 2848 Ða ne dorston ær dareðum lacan on hyra mandryhtnes miclan þearfe.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14233 Hit læc [c1300 Otho wende] to-ward hirede folc vni-mete.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10613 Arður him læc [c1300 Otho leop] to swa hit a liun weoren.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9997 Thus þai laiket o þe laund the long day ouer.
b. transitive. To move quickly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move or cause to move swiftly in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > move swiftly
lakec1275
accelerate1722
light-foot1887
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14803 Up he læc þene staf þat water þer-after leop.
2.
a. intransitive. To play, sport; occasionally in amorous or obscene sense; dialect to take a holiday from work; to be out of work. Also with about, away.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (intransitive)]
playeOE
glewc900
gameOE
lakec1300
solace1340
bourdc1440
dallyc1440
sporta1450
to make sportc1475
disport1480
to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1509
toy?1521
pastime1523
recreate1589
jest1597
feast1609
deliciate1633
divert1670
carpe diem1817
hobby-horse1819
popjoy1853
that'll be the day1916
to play around1929
loon1969
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 950 The children..with him leykeden here fille.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 187 And yf hym luste for to layke þanne loke we mowe.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 872 Laykez wyth hem as yow lyst & letez my gestes one.
c1440 York Myst. xxvi. 238 How þis losell laykis with his lorde.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12734 This Clunestra..For lacke of hir lord laiked besyde.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qiii/1 To Layke, play, ludere.
1599 T. Cutwode Caltha Poet. Pref. (1815) A v Let the lasses giue over laaking in the greene.
1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 28 To Lake: to Play, a word common to all the North Country.
c1782 J. Mather Cutler's Song in Songs (1862) 91 (Sheffield Gloss.) Why don't these play-acting foak lake away?
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 55 The peat-stack we us'd to lake roun 'll be brunt er this!
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 194 Ony tidy lass..that..would not go laiking about to wakes and fairs.
1859 E. C. Gaskell Round the Sofa II. 101 The men [in Westmoreland] occasionally going off laking..that is, drinking, for days together.
1892 Spectator 16 Apr. 529/1 The Yorkshire word to signify playing, as generally understood, is ‘laking’.
b. quasi-transitive. To sport with, mock. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > deride, ridicule, or mock [verb (transitive)]
teleeOE
laughOE
bismerc1000
heascenc1000
hethec1175
scornc1175
hokera1225
betell?c1225
scorn?c1225
forhushc1275
to make scorn at, toc1320
boba1382
bemow1388
lakea1400
bobby14..
triflea1450
japec1450
mock?c1450
mowc1485
to make (a) mock at?a1500
to make mocks at?a1500
scrip?a1513
illude1516
delude1526
deride1530
louta1547
to toy with ——1549–62
flout1551
skirp1568
knack1570
to fart against1574
frump1577
bourd1593
geck?a1600
scout1605
subsannate1606
railly1612
explode1618
subsannea1620
dor1655
monkeya1658
to make an ass of (someone)1680
ridicule1680
banter1682
to run one's rig upon1735
fun1811
to get the run upon1843
play1891
to poke mullock at1901
razz1918
flaunt1923
to get (or give) the razoo1926
to bust (a person's) chops1953
wolf1966
pimp1968
a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 1212 A! hou wimmen conne hit make Whan thai wil ani man lake!
3. reflexive. To amuse oneself, play. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (reflexive)]
shurt?c1225
playc1300
solace1340
lakea1375
to disport oneselfc1385
sport?a1425
short1449
recreate1530
entertain1594
to make oneself glee1602
deboise1633
divertise1651
divert1660
regale1682
besport1855
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 31 [He] layked him long while to lesten þat merþe.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3356 Þai hadden..burdes briȝte & bolde..to layky hem wan þay wolde.
a1400–50 Alexander 1770 Se quat I send to þe, son þi-selfe with to laike.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. xiv. 1271 As this Queyne apon a day Hyr laykand in a medow lay.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lakev.2

Etymology: < lake n.1
Obsolete.
transitive. To present an offering or sacrifice to.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > sacrifice [verb (transitive)] > offer sacrifice to
lakec1175
sacrify1474
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7430 Þa þre kingess lakedenn crist. Wiþþ þrinne kinne lakess.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1172 Þa lakesst tu drihhtin wiþþ shep. Gastlike i þine þæwess.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

lakev.3

Brit. /leɪk/, U.S. /leɪk/
Etymology: < lake n.6
transitive. To make lake-coloured; spec. by causing the hæmoglobin in red blood cells to pass out into the plasma.
ΚΠ
1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 446 This difficulty [number of chromocytes obscuring leucocytes] may be overcome by using Thomas' 0·3 acetic acid solution for diluting the blood, this having the effect of ‘laking’ the chromocytes.
1903 Science 6 Mar. 369 For the preparation of hæmoglobin the blood was collected in ammonium oxalate, washed, laked with distilled water [etc.].
1925 C. H. Browning Bacteriol. vi. 122 If now tetanus toxin is added the suspension soon becomes transparent, i.e. it is laked or lysed, owing to the hæmoglobin diffusing out of the red cells.

Derivatives

laked adj.
ΚΠ
1912 Gulland & Goodall Blood vi. 48 Dilution of the plasma causes the corpuscles to swell up and become rounded, and if the dilution be carried too far the corpuscle ruptures and the hæmoglobin passes into solution. The blood is then said to be ‘laked’.
1946 Nature 28 Dec. 953/1 This is..far from reaching the refractive index level of the red cells (which would have resulted in producing ‘laked blood’ without hæmolysis).
ˈlaking n.3
ΚΠ
1903 Med. Rec. 13 June 953 In a case of leukæmia, laking was almost complete in a short time.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1OEn.2c1175n.3955n.4a1000n.5c1386n.61616v.1OEv.2c1175v.31898
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