单词 | lake |
释义 | † laken.1 Obsolete. An offering, sacrifice; also, a gift. Only Old English and early Middle English to lake (dative), as a gift. In quot. c1325: a tax. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] givec888 lakeOE presentc1230 giftc1275 garrison1297 benefit1377 beneficec1380 givinga1382 handsela1393 donativec1430 oblation1433 propine1448 presentationc1460 don1524 sportule1538 premie?1548 first penny1557 donation1577 exhibition1579 donary1582 fairing1584 merced1589 gifture1592 meed1613 recado1615 regalo1622 regale1649 dation1656 compliment1702 dashee1705 dash1788 cadeau1808 bestowment1837 potlatch1844 prez.1919 Harry Freeman's1925 pressie1933 society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] ofleteeOE almousOE houselOE yieldOE lakeOE offeringOE offeranda1225 sacrificea1300 hosta1340 sacrifyingc1374 mannaa1382 incense1382 oblationc1425 hostie1483 obleya1500 sacrificy?c1510 immolation1534 offerture1537 offrage1548 mactation1563 offertory1596 sacrificing1601 litation1623 elibation1656 sacrification1694 sacrificature1779 OE Beowulf 1584 He..oðer swylc ut offerede, laðlicu lac. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 4 Ac gang æt-eowe þe þam sacerde and bring hym þa lac þe moyses bebead on hyra gecyðnesse. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 39 Ne con him crist na mare þong þene þah he sloȝe þin child and bere þe his heaued to lake. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 45 Þe þre loc þe ich er nemde þat is gold, and recheles and mirre. a1225 Leg. Kath. 63 Ðe riche reoðeren..brohten to lake. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 79 Þe þreo kinges..offrin iesu crist þe deore þreo lakes. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1798 Iacob sente fer bi-foren Him riche loac and sundri boren. c1325 Chron. Eng. 445 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II In Englond he arerede a lok Of uche hous that come smok, To Rome yef a peny, y wys, That Petres peny cleped ys. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † laken.2 Obsolete. 1. a. Play, sport, fun, glee. In plural games, tricks, goings on. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > [noun] gleea700 playeOE gameeOE lakec1175 skentingc1175 wil-gomenc1275 solacec1290 deduit1297 envesurec1300 playingc1300 disport1303 spilea1325 laking1340 solacingc1384 bourdc1390 mazec1390 welfarea1400 recreationc1400 solancec1400 sporta1425 sportancea1450 sportingc1475 deport1477 recreancea1500 shurting15.. ebate?1518 recreating1538 abatementc1550 pleasuring1556 comfortmenta1558 disporting1561 pastiming1574 riec1576 joyance1595 spleen1598 merriment1600 amusement1603 amusing1603 entertainment1612 spleena1616 divertisement1651 diversion1653 disportment1660 sporting of nature1666 fun1726 délassement1804 gammock1841 pleasurement1843 dallying1889 rec1922 good, clean fun1923 cracka1966 looning1966 shoppertainment1993 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception > collectively lakec1175 fibicches1362 flim-flam1570 tricks and trillibubs1637 funny business1882 the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun] dreamOE man-dreamOE gleea1200 galec1200 bauderyc1386 oliprancec1390 cheera1393 gaynessc1400 disportc1405 joyousitiea1450 festivitya1500 lakea1500 gaiety1573 merriment1574 jucundity1575 galliardise?1577 jouissance1579 merrymake1579 jolliment1590 mirth1591 jollyhead1596 spleen1598 jocantry16.. geniality1609 jovialty1621 jocundry1637 gaietry1650 sport1671 fun1726 galliardism1745 gig1777 merrymaking1779 hilarity1834 rollick1852 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2166 Inn ægæde. & i leȝȝkess. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1021 For it ne was non horse-knaue..That he ne kam thider, the leyk to se. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 465 We ne louen in our land no laik nor no mirthe. a1400 Sir Perc. 1704 The childe hadd no powste His laykes to lett. a1400–50 Alexander 4685 Þe cursed laike o couatis ware clene with it drenchid. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 274 Þat for her lodlych laykez alosed þay were. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 186 Welcom hym worshipfully, Laghyng with lake. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qii v/2 A Layke, play, ludus. b. A stake at play. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > [noun] > stake wager1303 wedc1330 wed-feec1475 stake1540 lay1584 lake1636 1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 1109 I pledge, ere all the play bee plaid That some shall lose a laike. 2. A fight, contest. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > [noun] > an act or instance of flitec1000 strifea1225 wara1300 pulla1400 lakec1420 contenta1450 stour?c1450 contentiona1500 pingle1543 agony1555 feudc1565 combat1567 skirmish1576 grapple1604 counter-scuffle1628 scuffle1641 agon1649 tug1660 tug of war1677 risse1684 struggle1692 palaver1707 hash1789 warsle1792 scrabble1794 set-to1794 go1823 bucklea1849 wrestle1850 tussle1857 head-to-head1884 scrum1905 battleground1931 shoot-out1953 mud-wrestle1986 OE Guthlac B 1034 Wiga nealæceð, unlæt laces.] c1420 Anturs of Arth. (Douce) 538 Lordes and ladies of þat laike likes. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. ciiv Thus may ye lippin on the lake throu lair yt I leir. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10408 Þe lyght wex lasse, and þe laik endit. ?c1600 (c1515) Sc. Field (Lyme) l. 382 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 246 This layke lasted on the lande the length of fower howers. Draft additions 1997 lake-lass n. a female companion or playmate. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > female friend > woman's cummer?a1513 she-friend1600 socia1797 lake-lass1849 1849 C. Brontë Shirley III. xiv. 316 I can remember the old mill being built..; and then, I can remember it being pulled down, and going with my lake-lasses (companions) to see the foundation-stone of the new one laid. 1875 J. Fothergill Healey I. viii. 118 Hoo went wi' two o' her lake-lasses..for a walk. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online December 2021). laken.3 Obsolete exc. dialect. A small stream of running water; also, a channel for water. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > streamling or streamlet lake955 sikec1330 streamleta1552 streamling1605 rain1611 rean1611 streamie1789 draw1864 tricklet1880 the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 955 Charter of Edred in Earle Charters 382 Ðæt to Mægðe forda andlang lace ut on Temese. 1235–52 in C. J. Elton Rentalia et Custumaria (1891) (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 35 Pro decem acris inter Lak. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 19 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 95 This riche Rever dovn ran..Throwe ane forest..And for to lende by yat laike thocht me levare. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 346 The matter must..be by and by tied and pressed in a little presse of wood, with a little lake or gutter of wood. a1636 T. Westcote View Devonshire 1630 (1845) 265 We shall find him [Taw] a very small lake at his birth in Dartmoor. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §341 351 Lyn, a pretty lake, streameth out of the Exmoor hills. 1842 G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sketches 12 Vrem rise to mouth there's lots o' lakes,—An rivers zum—that into 'n fall. 1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall Lake, a small stream of running water. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 June 4/1 Each tiny drain, called locally a ‘lake’, was edged broadly by a band of great saffron-hued king cups. CompoundsΚΠ 1235–52 in C. J. Elton Rentalia et Custumaria (1891) (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 141 Et debet servare Lakefrithe. ΚΠ c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 536 And lyonnez and lebardez to þe lake ryftes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). laken.4 1. a. A large body of water entirely surrounded by land; properly, one sufficiently large to form a geographical feature, but in recent use often applied to an ornamental water in a park, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] mereeOE laya1000 lakec1275 poolc1275 watera1325 loughc1330 loch1427 broad1659 Mediterranean1661 Mediterrane1694 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 642 Ouer þen lac [c1300 Otho lake] of Siluius & ouer þen lac [c1300 Otho lake] of Philisteus. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2863 A stinkand see, þat semes als a lake of hell. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 438 Þenne lasned þe llak þat large watz are. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxi. 98 In þe grund of þat lac er funden faire precious stanes. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 799 Þar is a grete lake nere hand. c1480 (a1400) St. Blaise 226 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 367 Quhy thole ȝe þame oure godis tak, & þis to kast þame in þe lak? 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. xii. 150 Of thair bruyt resoundis the river And all the layk of Asia fer and neyr. 1520 Caxton's Chron. Eng., Descr. Irel. 5/1 The ryver Ban renneth out of the leke into the north ocean. 1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 382 Being built on the South side of a large Laque. 1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 286 There were only smaller Lakes and Seas, but no great Ocean before the Deluge. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 84 Nothing can exceed the beauty of the landscape which this lake affords. 1836 W. Irving Astoria I. 210 The navigation of the lakes is carried on by steamboats. 1853 M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum in Poems (new ed.) 34 Never more Shall the lake glass her, flying over it. b. transferred and figurative (perhaps in some instances from sense 2). ΚΠ a1225 St. Marher. 14 Ich leade ham..iþe ladliche lake of the suti sunne. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. xx. 14 Deth and hell were cast into the lake of fyre. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. Verses a 4 Over the Ocean's Universal Lake. 1867 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighbourhood I. ii. 34 Close by the vestry-door, there was this little billowy lake of grass. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 109 We can see the wide lake of liquid metal simmering and spurting like porridge. 1974 Daily Tel. 30 July 17/1 The Common Market has a ‘wine lake’ estimated at 8 million litres..—and yesterday a Labour MP called for some of it to be brought to Britain. 1975 Times 9 Apr. 15/3 Butter mountains and wine lakes are part of the price which Europe pays for a common agricultural policy. c. the Great Lake: see Great Lake n. 2. d. In plural with the. The Great Lakes (see Great Lake n. 1). ΚΠ 1759 P. Collinson in W. Darlington Memorials J. Bartram & H. Marshall (1849) 217 I don't remember ever reading of any [goats] in the country about the lakes. 1803 W. B. Grove Let. 25 Feb. in Papers of John Steele (1924) I. 367 The Ocean, the Mexican Gulf, the Mississippi & the Lakes must be our boundaries. e. transferred. An area where the atmospheric pressure is lower than in surrounding areas. ΚΠ 1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents 15 And between the two banks of high pressure is the Mediterranean ‘lake’ of low pressure. f. to jump (or go (and) jump) in the lake: see jump v. 1d. 2. A pond, a pool. Obsolete exc. U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] pooleOE seathc950 lakea1000 flosha1300 stanga1300 weira1300 water poolc1325 carrc1330 stamp1338 stank1338 ponda1387 flashc1440 stagnec1470 peel?a1500 sole15.. danka1522 linn1577 sound1581 flake1598 still1681 slew1708 splash1760 watering hole1776 vlei1793 jheel1805 slougha1817 sipe1825 a1000 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 656 (Laud) Þurh ælle þa meres and feonnes þa liggen toward Huntendune porte and þas meres and laces. c1325 Song Mercy 162 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 123 We slepe a[s] swolle swyn in lake. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11934 Þarbi satt iesus on his plai, And lakes seuen he made o clai. a1400 Pistill of Susan 229 He lyft vp þe lach and leop ouer þe lake, þat ȝouthe. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 269 Ne noon so grey goos goth ther in the lake. ?a1500 Chester Pl. (E.E.T.S.) vii. 291 Lye there, lydder, in the lake. 1609 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1816) IV. 432/1 All vtheris, garthis, pullis, haldis, Laikis and nettis. 1784 J. Filson Discov. Kentucke 31 Near the head of Salt river a subterranean lake, or large pond, has lately been discovered. 1835 C. P. Bradley Jrnl. 17 June in Ohio Archæol. & Hist. Q. (1906) 15 258 They call here every little pond a lake. 1917 Hearst's Aug. 126/1 I write this..down by the pond—they call it the lake—at the foot of Beverly-Jones's estate. 1988 Chapel Hill (N. Carolina) Newspaper 21 Feb. 6 d/5 (advt.) In this lovely, new 5-bedroom home, enjoy the private lake right outside the back door. a. [after Vulgate lacus.] A pit; a den (of lions); occasionally a grave. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] dalea800 piteOE dike847 hollowc897 hole946 seathc950 delfOE hollc1050 ditchc1275 lakec1320 holetc1380 slacka1500 dell1531 vault1535 pit-hole1583 delve1590 lough1672 sinusa1676 gap1696 self-lough1700 scoop1780 cup1819 the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] buriels854 througheOE burianOE graveOE lairc1000 lair-stowc1000 lich-restc1000 pitOE grass-bedOE buriness1175 earth housec1200 sepulchrec1200 tombc1300 lakec1320 buriala1325 monumenta1325 burying-place1382 resting placea1387 sepulturea1387 beda1400 earth-beda1400 longhousea1400 laystow1452 lying1480 delfa1500 worms' kitchen?a1500 bier1513 laystall1527 funeral?a1534 lay-bed1541 restall1557 cellarc1560 burying-grave1599 pit-hole1602 urn1607 cell1609 hearse1610 polyandrum1627 requietory1631 burial-place1633 mortuary1654 narrow cell1686 ground-sweat1699 sacred place1728 narrow house1792 plot1852 narrow bed1854 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera leo or lion > den lake1511 c1320 tr. J. Bonaventura Medit. 347 For þey to my soule deluyn a lake. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 16 Þe lake he oppynd and vp grofe it. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxxviii. 18 Thei shul not abyden thi treuthe, that gon doun in to the lake. a1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 350 Whan he dede ryse out of his lake Than was ther suche an erthe quake That [etc.]. 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. xxvv The Aungell..set hym in ye lake of lyons, where Danyell the prophete was. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > dungeon dungOE pitc1300 lakea1382 dungeonc1390 donjona1400 little-easea1529 thieves' hole1578 dungeon cell?1674 oubliette1777 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxxviii. 6 Thei putte doun Jeremye in cordis and in to the lake. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 73 Cristyn thus entryd was In to that horribyl and lothful lake. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for wine wine-barrelc950 wine-bottlec950 wine-bowlc950 wine boxc950 wine-buttc950 wine-canc950 wine-caskc950 wine-cupc950 wine-decanterc950 wine-flaskc950 wine-jarc950 wine jugc950 wine-tunc950 wine-vesselc950 pipe1314 lake1382 ampullaa1398 wine-pot14.. butt1418 stick1433 vinagerc1440 rumneya1475 fust1481 pece1594 sack-butt1599 fudder1679 Shaftesbury1699 wine glass1709 quarter pipe?1763 leaguer1773 porron1845 solera1863 octave1864 wine fountain1889 yu1904 lei1929 papsak1999 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. xiv. 20 And the lake is defoulid with oute the citee, and the blood wente out of the lake vn to the brijdels of horsis. 1657 G. Thornley tr. Longus Daphnis & Chloe 48 Daphnis cast them [sc. grapes] into the presse, and trod them there; and then anon, out of the Lake, tunn'd the Wine into the Butts. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. (a) lake-bed n. ΚΠ 1906 Yorks. Notes & Queries July 100 Their position on the edge of the old lake-bed. 1937 Discovery Jan. 24/1 The bones [of the shovel-tusked Mastodon] lay embedded in the hardened mud deposit of an ancient lake-bed in Mongolia. lake-fishery n. ΚΠ 1883 F. A. Smith Swedish Fisheries 13 It is scarcely possible to find the approximate value of the lake fisheries of Sweden by the official returns. lake-fowl n. ΚΠ 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake ii. x. 143 The lake-fowl's wake was heard no more. lake-front n. ΚΠ 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Tramp Abroad xxv. 245 The lake front is walled with masonry like a pier. 1968 Economist 13 July 38/3 A lakefront site that would be better as a park. lake-island n. ΚΠ 1893 W. B. Yeats in Bookman May 43/1 It is said that an enchanted tree once grew on the little lake-island of Innisfree. lake-isle n. ΚΠ 1890 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen (1892) 121 (title) The Lake Isle of Innisfree. 1917 E. Pound Lustra 61 (title) The lake isle. lake-level n. ΚΠ 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xii. §538 A lowering of the lake-level. lake-shore n. and adj. ΚΠ 1798 I. Allen Nat. & Polit. Hist. Vermont 61 The two Frenchmen were landed..with instructions to follow the lake shore. 1813 Niles' Reg. 4 159/1 Previous to this period, a great deal of prejudice existed against the lake shore, as unhealthy. 1849 Executive Documents U.S. House of Representatives (31st Congress, 1st Sess.) No. 5. ii. 731 The sandstone on the lake-shore is..covered by fifteen..feet of sand and clay. 1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 319 Hence [arise] their efforts to reach Chicago, by way of the Erie lake shore. 1896 W. D. Howells Impressions & Experiences 7 In that cold lake-shore country the people dwelt in wooden structures. 1973 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 22 Aug. 1/1 The 15½-foot-deep lake gives Tucson the appearance of being a major lakeshore metropolis. lake-side n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > of lake or pool lake-side1560 stank-brae1579 poolside1655 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxxiii After they couche them selues in a pece of grounde, by the lake side. 1727 P. Longueville Hermit (1816) 31 He attended me to the lake side. 1871 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 258 A swan rose trumpeting from the lakeside. lake-steamer n. ΚΠ 1847 Knickerbocker 30 456 He has been inspired by looking down through the iron foot-grating of a great lake-steamer. 1888 C. D. Ferguson Exper. Forty-niner i. 11 It was in the month of September, 1849, when..I embarked on the lake-steamer, A. D. Patchen for Chicago. lake-system n. ΚΠ 1861 Times 22 Oct. Canada and the lake system..cut into the States on the north. lake-water n. ΚΠ 1890 W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen (1892) 121 I hear lake water lapping with low sounds. 1906 Westm. Gaz. Oct. 6 6/2 And far below the blue lake-waters shine. 1920 J. Joyce Let. 5 June (1966) II. 469 It should be read in the evening when the lakewater is lapping. (b) lakeward adj. ΚΠ 1871 W. Morris in J. W. Mackail Life W. Morris (1899) I. 270 The slope on the lakeward side. (c) Also in the names of fishes for which see the second member. lake-bass n. ΚΠ 1795 J. Scott U.S. Gazetteer at Vermont A species of fish called lake bass. 1884 G. B. Goode in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 424 The White Bass or Striped Lake Bass, Roccus chrysops. 1973 R. Lockridge Not I, said Sparrow (1974) vi. 87 There was only one right way to cook lake bass. lake-herring n. ΚΠ 1842 J. E. De Kay Zool. N.-Y. iv. 267 The Lake Moon-eye, Hyodon clodalis,..is common in Lake Erie. At Buffalo and Barcelona, it is called Moon-eye, Shiner, and Lake Herring. 1875 Amer. Naturalist 9 135 I received..a collection of deep water ‘Siscoes’... Compared with Coregonus most of the species have a more slender form; hence their popular name of ‘lake herrings’, although their resemblance to the sea herring is quite superficial. 1955 Arctic Terms 48/1 Lake herring, any of various whitefish of the genus Leucichthys, caught in great numbers in circumpolar fresh waters. Also called ‘cisco’. lake-shad n. lake-sturgeon n. lake-trout n. ΚΠ 1840 Knickerbocker Mag. 15 186 If they could..breakfast at Mackinac..on a lake trout. 1847 C. Lanman Summer in Wilderness xxvi. 158 Of the trout, the largest species in Lake Superior is called the lake-trout. lake-whiting n. b. Instrumental. lake-girt adj. ΚΠ 1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent I. x. 222 From the summit of this lake-girt isle. 1908 Daily Chron. 4 Aug. 3/1 The noche triste when the Spaniards found themselves surrounded in the lake-girt capital of the Aztecs. lake-moated adj. ΚΠ 1820 W. Scott Abbot III. xi. 346 The locked, guarded, and lake-moated Castle of Lochleven. lake-reflected adj. ΚΠ 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound i. i. 56 He will watch..The lake-reflected sun illume The yellow bees. lake-surrounded adj. ΚΠ 1820 P. B. Shelley Prometheus Unbound ii. ii. 74 Like many a lake-surrounding flute, Sounds overflow the listener's brain. c. Locative. (a) lake-diver n. ΚΠ 1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 23 What art thou?.. Adam's Ulcer,..the lake-diver, the furnace brand, the brimstone~match of that cursed man. (b) lake-resounding adj. ΚΠ 1717 T. Parnell tr. Homer's Battle Frogs & Mice 5 The Lake-resounding Frogs selected Fare. d. lake-like adj. ΚΠ 1843 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters I. 251 White and lake-like fields [of mist]. C2. a. Special combinations. Also lakeland n. lake-basin n. a depression which contains, or has contained, a lake; also, the area drained by all the streams entering a lake. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hollow or depression > [noun] > large hollow or basin hollow1553 howe1584 lake-basin1833 bolson1838 basinc1854 terr-oceanic basin1859 bowl1860 torsion-basin1899 cuvette1907 foredeep1909 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 9 The whole assemblage must terminate somewhere:..where they reach the boundary of the original lake-basin. 1865 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms (ed. 2) 272 Lake-basin, in geography, the depressed area which contains the waters of a lake; also the entire area drained by the streams that fall into a lake. In geology, the concavity..in which the waters of a lake rest. 1882 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 21 326 In the Himalaya, the valleys of Nepal and Kashmir are old orographic lake basins. 1965 W. D. Thornbury Regional Geomorphol. U.S. xxiv. 494/2 Fish can be carried by birds from one lake basin into another. 1967 J. N. Jennings & J. A. Mabbutt Landform Stud. Austral. & New Guinea vi. 111 Such an argument would explain why well formed alluvial fans survive outside the catchment of Lake Torrens and why they are absent or present in only a degraded form within the lake basin. lake country n. = lakeland n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England wealdOE Oxon.c1439 the Stannaries1455 Midland1555 Home Counties1695 Islandshire1705 lakes1774 file1775 potteries1795 the Shires1796 Tyneside1824 lakeland1829 Lake District1835 lake country1842 Wessex1868 Shakespeare country1900 Geordieland1901 cherry country1902 1842 Amer. Pioneer 1 211 No where was the pressure or want of money more sensibly felt than in the lake country. 1875 J. R. Lowell Wks. (1890) IV. 363 The greater part of Wordsworth's vacations was spent in his native Lake-country. lake-crater n. a crater which contains or has contained a lake. ΚΠ 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 197 If we pass from the Upper to the Lower Eifel we find the celebrated lake-crater of Laach. Lake District n. = lakeland n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England wealdOE Oxon.c1439 the Stannaries1455 Midland1555 Home Counties1695 Islandshire1705 lakes1774 file1775 potteries1795 the Shires1796 Tyneside1824 lakeland1829 Lake District1835 lake country1842 Wessex1868 Shakespeare country1900 Geordieland1901 cherry country1902 1835 W. Wordsworth Yarrow Revisited 169 (note) Force is the word used in the Lake District for Water-fall. 1851 Art Jrnl. 1 May 132/2 The scale upon which the scenery of the English Lake district is laid out. 1886 J. Prestwich Geol. I. 267 In the Lake District the planes of cleavage also usually strike about E.N.E. 1936 Discovery May 150/2 Lovers of the Lake District..feel that the peculiar wild beauty of the innermost fells will be destroyed by the introduction of large acreages of larch and spruce planted in small rows on the hillsides. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 1 Lakes therefore tend to be grouped together in lake districts. 1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 1 The whole group of lakes of a given lake district may be compared with another group. Categories » lake-fever n. U.S. local malaria. Categories » lake-fly n. U.S. an ephemerid ( Ephemera simulans), which swarms in the Great Lakes late in July ( Cent. Dict.). Lakehead n. Canadian (a) Historical the western end of Lake Ontario (quot. 1827); (b) the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario, and the surrounding region on the north-west shore of Lake Superior. ΚΠ 1827 Gore Gaz. (Ancaster, Upper Canada) 25 May 50/4 It appeared, that a person at the Lake Head, had furnished the York Garrison with 800 bbls. of Flour last year. 1955 Beaver Summer 37 From the deck of the loaded freighter, bound for the Sault and Welland Canals, the grain strongholds of the lakehead stand like castles against the sunset. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. B7/2 One of the world's largest multiple-line insurance companies requires a sales oriented management man to establish a sales force in the lakehead. lake-lawyer n. U.S. a jocular name given to two different fishes, the bow-fin and the burbot, in allusion to their voracity. ΚΠ 1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Lake lawyer, the Western Mud-fish... Dr. Kirtland says it is..called the lake lawyer, from its ‘ferocious looks and voracious habits’. lake-lodge n. ΚΠ 1884 Evangelical Mag. May 212 [Beavers'] Lodges are built sometimes on the shores of lakes..These are called ‘lake-lodges’. lake-ore n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1864 T. L. Phipson Utiliz. Minute Life x. 256 In the lakes of Sweden there are vast layers of iron oxide almost exclusively built up by animalcules. This kind of iron-stone is called lake-ore. lake rampart n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > seashore or coast > [noun] > ice rampart ice rampart1846 lake rampart1860 1860 C. H. Hitchcock in Proc. 13th Meeting Amer. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 335 We have discovered similar walls of stone in Vermont, and venture to describe this form of drift under the name of Lake Ramparts. lake ridge n. = ice rampart n. at ice n. Compounds 8. ΚΠ 1870 Amer. Naturalist 4 199 Above all these Drift deposits..are the ‘lake ridges’—embankments of sand, gravel, sticks, leaves, etc., which run imperfectly parallel with the present outlines of the lake margins. lake-weed n. water-pepper ( Polygonum hydropiper). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > aquatic, marsh, and sea-shore plants > [noun] > water-pepper arsesmarta1300 red-kneea1300 culragea1400 smarthole1440 water pepper1538 arsenick1552 ciderage1578 lake-weed1693 water smartweed1867 pochard grass1879 1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 876 'Tis branched and seeded something like Spinage or Mercury, but leaved rather like Lakeweed. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 316 Lakeweed, Polygonum. b. Lake poetry n. the poetry written by the Lake poets. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > other types of poem > [noun] > poems in style of specific groups of writers Lake poetry1843 beat poetry1959 1843 H. N. Coleridge in Stanley Life Arnold (1884) I. i. 16 What has been somewhat unreasonably called the Lake Poetry. Lake poets n. a term casually applied to the three poets, Coleridge, Southey, and Wordsworth, who resided in the region of the English Lakes. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [noun] Lake poets1816 Lake school1816 Satanic school1821 Spasmodic School1832 imagism1912 Acmeism1913 Adamism1913 unanimism1931 ultraism1932 the Movement1954 Simultaneism1959 spatialism1964 1816 Edinb. Rev. 27 278 His [sc. Byron's] views fell more in with those of the Lake poets, than of any other party in the poetical commonwealth. 1824 J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. 1 516 Mr. Southey..and the other Lake poets..commenced writing with higher objects. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 343/2 The appellation of Lake-poets, given to these three individuals after the publication of the ‘Lyrical Ballads.’ Lake school n. = Lake poets n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > school of poets or poetic movement > [noun] Lake poets1816 Lake school1816 Satanic school1821 Spasmodic School1832 imagism1912 Acmeism1913 Adamism1913 unanimism1931 ultraism1932 the Movement1954 Simultaneism1959 spatialism1964 1816 Edinb. Rev. 27 66 Other productions of the Lake School. 1817 Edinb. Rev. Aug. 509 When we have occasion to consider any new publication from the Lake school. 1876 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 2nd Ser. vii. 307 To the whole Lake school his [Hazlitt's] attitude is always the same—justice done grudgingly. c. lake-dweller n. one who in pre-historic times lived in a lake-dwelling. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of lake-dwelling lake-dweller1863 pile-dweller1875 fascine dweller1878 crannoger1884 lake-man1884 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 21 In the stone period the lake-dwellers cultivated all these cereals. lake-dwelling n. ΚΠ 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 18 The Swiss lake-dwellings seem first to have attracted attention during the dry winter of 1853–4. 1884 Times (Weekly ed.) 19 Sept. 12 Researches into the lake-dwellings of West Scotland. lake-habitation n. one built upon piles driven into the bed of a lake. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > other types of dwelling > [noun] > prehistoric dwellings broch1654 crannog1851 pile-building1863 pile-work1863 fascine dwelling1865 lake-habitation1865 palafitte1866 terramare1866 roundhouse1872 mound dwelling1897 wag1911 wheel-dwelling1931 wheelhouse1935 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times iii. 69 The piles used in the Swiss Stone age Lake-habitations were evidently..prepared with the help of stone axes. lake-hamlet n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > other types of village post village1673 mill village1834 lake-settlement1863 pile village1863 lake-village1865 lake-hamlet1878 pile settlement1878 garden village1892 tree-village1901 model village1906 street village1928 strategic hamlet1963 1878 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times (ed. 4) ii. 54 A..piece of pottery, apparently intended to represent a Lake-hamlet. lake-man n. = lake-dweller n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of lake-dwelling lake-dweller1863 pile-dweller1875 fascine dweller1878 crannoger1884 lake-man1884 1884 W. Westall Contemp. Rev. July 70 The brain of the lake~man was equal to that of the men of our own time. lake-settlement n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > other types of village post village1673 mill village1834 lake-settlement1863 pile village1863 lake-village1865 lake-hamlet1878 pile settlement1878 garden village1892 tree-village1901 model village1906 street village1928 strategic hamlet1963 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man 23 The reindeer is missing in the Swiss lake-settlements. lake-village n. a collection of such dwellings. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > village > [noun] > other types of village post village1673 mill village1834 lake-settlement1863 pile village1863 lake-village1865 lake-hamlet1878 pile settlement1878 garden village1892 tree-village1901 model village1906 street village1928 strategic hamlet1963 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times v. 126 The Lake-villages of the Bronze age were contemporaneous. Draft additions 1997 lake-port n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > harbour or port > [noun] > town possessing > types of member1485 free port1530 member-porta1623 port of entry1714 lake-port1837 treaty-port1863 passport port1898 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. I. ii. 261 It [sc. Chicago] will be like all the other new and thriving lake and river ports of America. 1872 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 455/1 There is no difficulty in determining the number who landed at our sea-ports and the lake-ports since October 1, 1819. 1986 New Yorker 29 Sept. 33/1 The Yavari..has not stirred from the dock at the lake port of Puno for a number of years. Draft additions 1997 lake-dwelling adj. ΚΠ 1949 M. Mead Male & Female iii. 54 (heading) The lake-dwelling Tchambuli. 1989 N.Y. Times 20 Aug. viii. 5/3 The fish is the seeforellen, a lake-dwelling form of the brown trout. Draft additions September 2013 In plural. With the. Usually with capital initial. A region of lakes and mountains in Cumbria; = Lake District n. at Compounds 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > England > [noun] > districts of England wealdOE Oxon.c1439 the Stannaries1455 Midland1555 Home Counties1695 Islandshire1705 lakes1774 file1775 potteries1795 the Shires1796 Tyneside1824 lakeland1829 Lake District1835 lake country1842 Wessex1868 Shakespeare country1900 Geordieland1901 cherry country1902 1774 W. Hutchinson (title) An excursion to the Lakes, in Westmoreland and Cumberland, August 1773. 1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice II. xix. 230 Her tour to the Lakes was now the object of her happiest thoughts. View more context for this quotation 1881 Harper's Mag. Feb. 347/1 Keswick is the most important town in the Lakes. 1934 PMLA 49 149 He..roamed in the summer vacations over Wales, Ireland, the Lakes, and the Highlands. 2011 A. Taylor In Safe Hands xvii. 379 Up there, at the Lakes, everything would be fresh and unspoiled and new. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † laken.5 Obsolete. Fine linen. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > fine chaiselc1275 sendala1300 Raines1340 lakec1386 Irish1397 chaunselc1400 cloth of Rainesa1449 sindonc1450 sindonyc1450 umple1457 cambric1530 slyre1621 cuttanee1622 kenting1657 gulix1696 cambresine1750 Moygashel1931 c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 147 He dide next his white leere Of clooth of lake fyn and cleere. 1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 73 Bryngyng hir brede als whyt as lake. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 234 Quhilk causit hes to lurk wnder the laik Richt mony cowart durst nocht cum to straik. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) i. l. 593 in Shorter Poems (1967) 44 Thir fair ladyis in silk and claith of Lake [1579 Edinb. Laik]. 1603 Philotus lx. sig. C2v The quhytest layke bot with the blackest asse. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). laken.6 1. A pigment of a reddish hue, originally obtained from lac (cf. lac n.1 2), and now from cochineal treated as in 3. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > other red pigments rosetc1450 crimson?a1475 patise1589 sandyx1601 lake1616 lac1682 red lac1682 light red1692 carmine1712 rose pink1732 Venetian red1753 fire-red1798 pink saucer1804 chica1818 Florentine lake1822 French red1844 Antwerp red1851 Paris lake1866 carajura1874 cadmium red1886 Chinese vermilion1886 Chinese red1892 terra rosa1897 vermilionette1897 Derby red1904 Monastral1936 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Lake, a faire red colour vsed by painters. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 111 Lay your colours vpon your pallet thus: first, your white Lead, then Lake. 1672 C. Beale Pocket-bk. in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (1763) III. i. 72 Several parcells of Lake of my own makeing. 1729 J. T. Desaguliers in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 608 Instead of Vermilion the red Paper may be painted with Carmine or Lake. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 751 Deep Prussian blue and lake..form a purple of the next degree of excellence. 1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 224 The common lake is prepared from Brazil wood. 2. transferred as the name of a colour. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > deep red or crimson crimson madderOE purpureOE murrey1305 tuly1398 oxblood?1440 crimson?a1475 sanguinea1500 carnation?1533 murrey colour1537 purple-red1565 ruby1572 sanguine red1601 velvet-crimson1646 lake1660 lac1682 rubine1704 madder red1728 ruby-red1738 granate1750 palm-colour1773 morone1777 carmine1799 vinaceous1819 incarnadine1821 crimsoning1833 pigeon's blood1865 solferinoc1865 Burgundy1881 sang-de-bœuf1881 vermilion-crimson1882 claret1884 royal red1890 wine1895 pigeon ruby red1897 Bordeaux1904 peony1914 madder crimson1991 1660 Albert Durer Revived 11 Lake..is an excellent Crimson-colour. 1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) i. 23 In imploying of fine Colours, as fine lacks Ultra Marine Green, &c. 1882 Garden 7 Oct. 312/3 Of new flowers there are..Constancy, yellow, deeply edged with lake. 3. In extended sense: A pigment obtained by the combination of animal, vegetable, or coal-tar colouring matter with some metallic oxide or earth. Often preceded by some qualifying word, as crimson, Florence, green, madder, yellow, etc. lake. Indian lake n. a crimson pigment prepared from stick-lac treated with alum and alkali. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > types of lac1558 purpurin1558 colourish1598 earth1598 watercolour1598 earth colour1658 encaustic1662 lake1684 virgin tint1706 mosaic gold1746 bronze1753 gold bronze1769 cake colour1784 musive gold1796 sap-colour1816 repaint1827 moist colour1842 bronze powder1846 wax-colour1854 wax pigment1854 bitumen1855 chrome garnet1876 zinc-dust1877 zinc-powder1881 terra nera1882 earth pigment1900 1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 137 How to take the Lake of any Flower. 1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. i. ii. 37 If a solution of a colouring substance be mixed with a solution of alum..[and] if..we add an alkali..the colouring particles are then precipitated, combined with the alumine..this compound has got the name of Lake. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 430 The red juices of fruits were fixed by it [tungsten] so as to make permanent and beautiful lakes. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 410 The lakes chiefly used are red colours, and these are of different qualities. 1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 204 Carmine is a lake of cochineal. 1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xx. 180 Alumina..has the power of forming insoluble compounds called lakes with vegetable colouring matter. 1877 O'Neill in Encycl. Brit. VII. 573/1 The precipitate is usually called the ‘lake’ of the particular metal and colouring matter. Compounds lake-red, lake vermilion nouns and adjectives; lake-coloured adj. ΚΠ 1764 Museum Rusticum 1 166 (note) The lake-red used by the painters in enamel is composed of fine gold dissolved in aqua regia, with sal armoniac. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 214 Pileus fine lake red, changing with age to a rich orange and buff. 1882 Garden 25 Mar. 196/2 A leafy cluster of blossoms..of a brilliant lake-vermillion hue. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. i. 25 The black pigment shews up very distinctly in the homogeneous lake-coloured sheet of free hæmoglobin. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lakev.1 Now chiefly dialect. a. intransitive. To exert oneself, move quickly, leap, spring; hence, to fight. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > move swiftly [verb (intransitive)] lakeOE flyOE runOE scour13.. jace1393 hie1398 spina1400 fleetc1400 glentc1400 stripc1400 suea1450 carryc1450 speed1488 scud1532 streek1598 winga1616 to clip it1616 hackney1617 swifta1618 whirryc1630 dust1673 whew1684 race1702 stroke1735 cut1797 spank1807 skid1815 speela1818 crack1824 skimmer1824 slap1827 clip1832 skeet1838 marvel1841 lick1850 travel1850 rush1852 zip1852 sail1876 rabbit1887 move1906 high-tail1908 to ball the jack1914 buzz1914 shift1922 giddap1938 burn1942 hoosh1943 bomb1966 shred1977 OE Cynewulf Juliana 674 Þa se synscaþa to scipe sceohmod sceaþena þreate Heliseus ehstream sohte, leolc ofer laguflod longe hwile on swonrade. OE Beowulf 2848 Ða ne dorston ær dareðum lacan on hyra mandryhtnes miclan þearfe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14233 Hit læc [c1300 Otho wende] to-ward hirede folc vni-mete. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10613 Arður him læc [c1300 Otho leop] to swa hit a liun weoren. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9997 Thus þai laiket o þe laund the long day ouer. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move or cause to move swiftly in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > move swiftly lakec1275 accelerate1722 light-foot1887 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14803 Up he læc þene staf þat water þer-after leop. 2. a. intransitive. To play, sport; occasionally in amorous or obscene sense; dialect to take a holiday from work; to be out of work. Also with about, away. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (intransitive)] playeOE glewc900 gameOE lakec1300 solace1340 bourdc1440 dallyc1440 sporta1450 to make sportc1475 disport1480 to have a good (bad, etc.) time (of it, formerly on it)1509 toy?1521 pastime1523 recreate1589 jest1597 feast1609 deliciate1633 divert1670 carpe diem1817 hobby-horse1819 popjoy1853 that'll be the day1916 to play around1929 loon1969 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 950 The children..with him leykeden here fille. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. i. 187 And yf hym luste for to layke þanne loke we mowe. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 872 Laykez wyth hem as yow lyst & letez my gestes one. c1440 York Myst. xxvi. 238 How þis losell laykis with his lorde. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12734 This Clunestra..For lacke of hir lord laiked besyde. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Qiii/1 To Layke, play, ludere. 1599 T. Cutwode Caltha Poet. Pref. (1815) A v Let the lasses giue over laaking in the greene. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 28 To Lake: to Play, a word common to all the North Country. c1782 J. Mather Cutler's Song in Songs (1862) 91 (Sheffield Gloss.) Why don't these play-acting foak lake away? 1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 55 The peat-stack we us'd to lake roun 'll be brunt er this! 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian viii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 194 Ony tidy lass..that..would not go laiking about to wakes and fairs. 1859 E. C. Gaskell Round the Sofa II. 101 The men [in Westmoreland] occasionally going off laking..that is, drinking, for days together. 1892 Spectator 16 Apr. 529/1 The Yorkshire word to signify playing, as generally understood, is ‘laking’. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > deride, ridicule, or mock [verb (transitive)] teleeOE laughOE bismerc1000 heascenc1000 hethec1175 scornc1175 hokera1225 betell?c1225 scorn?c1225 forhushc1275 to make scorn at, toc1320 boba1382 bemow1388 lakea1400 bobby14.. triflea1450 japec1450 mock?c1450 mowc1485 to make (a) mock at?a1500 to make mocks at?a1500 scrip?a1513 illude1516 delude1526 deride1530 louta1547 to toy with ——1549–62 flout1551 skirp1568 knack1570 to fart against1574 frump1577 bourd1593 geck?a1600 scout1605 subsannate1606 railly1612 explode1618 subsannea1620 dor1655 monkeya1658 to make an ass of (someone)1680 ridicule1680 banter1682 to run one's rig upon1735 fun1811 to get the run upon1843 play1891 to poke mullock at1901 razz1918 flaunt1923 to get (or give) the razoo1926 to bust (a person's) chops1953 wolf1966 pimp1968 a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 1212 A! hou wimmen conne hit make Whan thai wil ani man lake! ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (reflexive)] shurt?c1225 playc1300 solace1340 lakea1375 to disport oneselfc1385 sport?a1425 short1449 recreate1530 entertain1594 to make oneself glee1602 deboise1633 divertise1651 divert1660 regale1682 besport1855 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 31 [He] layked him long while to lesten þat merþe. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3356 Þai hadden..burdes briȝte & bolde..to layky hem wan þay wolde. a1400–50 Alexander 1770 Se quat I send to þe, son þi-selfe with to laike. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ii. xiv. 1271 As this Queyne apon a day Hyr laykand in a medow lay. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † lakev.2 Obsolete. transitive. To present an offering or sacrifice to. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > sacrifice [verb (transitive)] > offer sacrifice to lakec1175 sacrify1474 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7430 Þa þre kingess lakedenn crist. Wiþþ þrinne kinne lakess. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1172 Þa lakesst tu drihhtin wiþþ shep. Gastlike i þine þæwess. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2021). lakev.3 transitive. To make lake-coloured; spec. by causing the hæmoglobin in red blood cells to pass out into the plasma. ΚΠ 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 446 This difficulty [number of chromocytes obscuring leucocytes] may be overcome by using Thomas' 0·3 acetic acid solution for diluting the blood, this having the effect of ‘laking’ the chromocytes. 1903 Science 6 Mar. 369 For the preparation of hæmoglobin the blood was collected in ammonium oxalate, washed, laked with distilled water [etc.]. 1925 C. H. Browning Bacteriol. vi. 122 If now tetanus toxin is added the suspension soon becomes transparent, i.e. it is laked or lysed, owing to the hæmoglobin diffusing out of the red cells. Derivatives laked adj. ΚΠ 1912 Gulland & Goodall Blood vi. 48 Dilution of the plasma causes the corpuscles to swell up and become rounded, and if the dilution be carried too far the corpuscle ruptures and the hæmoglobin passes into solution. The blood is then said to be ‘laked’. 1946 Nature 28 Dec. 953/1 This is..far from reaching the refractive index level of the red cells (which would have resulted in producing ‘laked blood’ without hæmolysis). ˈlaking n.3 ΚΠ 1903 Med. Rec. 13 June 953 In a case of leukæmia, laking was almost complete in a short time. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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