lairdn.

Brit.

/lɛːd/, U.S.

/lɛrd/, Scottish English

/lerd/

Forms: pre-1700 lard, pre-1700 larde, pre-1700 larid (probably transmission error), pre-1700 layrd, pre-1700 leird, pre-1700 1700s leard, pre-1700 1700s– laird, pre-1700 1900s– lerd.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: lord n.

Etymology: Originally a Scots variant of lord n., now usually distinguished in form in the senses below.Forms with o are also attested in Scotland in various senses from as early as the 15th cent. (compare e.g. quot. 1428 for Lord of Parliament n. at lord n. and int. Phrases 4b, and see discussion at lord n.). In the course of the Older Scots period, these become increasingly common in most senses, while distinctly Scots forms such as lard and laird become increasingly restricted in sense. Compare the pairing lords and lairds , chiefly in Scottish administrative documents of the 16th and 17th centuries (compare quot. 1522).

Originally and chiefly Scottish.

1. A member of the Scottish landed gentry; an owner of an estate. Cf. squire n. 5b.In the 15th and 16th centuries the term was applied to those who held land directly from the Crown, and were therefore entitled to attend Parliament. The term is a description rather than a title, and does not equate to the English lord.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner

landlorda1000

lordOE

lairdc1379

mailerc1485

landman1562

heritor1597

landowner1742

land-proprietor1815

territorialist1845

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > squire or laird

lairdc1379

esquire1600

squire1676

squirearch1832

squiralty1886

c1379 Cal. Edinb. Reg. House Charters Suppl. Schir William the Lyndesay lard of the Byres.

1428 Ayr Burgh Accts. in Sc. Hist. Rev. (1957) 31 143 To the lard off Sanchar v s.

1496 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 251 That the saidis landis remayne with us and our successouris wnquiteowt be the Lard of Burlie.

1522 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1522/7/2 Quhatsumever tennent gentilman, unlandit or yeman, havand takkis or steidingis of ony lordis or lairdis, spirituall or temporall.

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 193 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 101 Pure freris..That with ye leif of ye lard Will cum to ye corne ȝard At ewyn and at morn.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 177 The lard of Cesfurde..meites him.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 161 He..directit thame to go norne and leive vpone the landis and bestiall pertening to the laird.

1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem i. 85 None gained by those bloody fairds But two three Beggers who turn'd Lairds.

1716 London Gaz. No. 5424/2 Our Detachment burnt the Laird's House.

1721 A. Ramsay Poems I. 328 Tho, to my Loss, I'm no a Laird, By birth, my Title's fair.

1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs viii, in Poems 12 Our Laird gets in his racked rents.

1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) II. iv. vi. 205 By the lesser barons were meant the proprietors of the smaller class of estates, provincially called lairds.

1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 138 (note) In Scotland every tenant in capite, holding in Ward and Blench, continued to be reckoned as a Baron and was known as the Laird.

1902 Everybody's Mag. Mar. 294/1 ‘What's young Campbell want sending you presents?’ growled the Laird.

1986 R. A. Jamieson Thin Wealth 30 This home he had created felt right... He liked the idea of playing the laird.

2012 Daily Tel. 20 July 36/3 The laird was a good sport, too.

2. Frequently with of and a patronymic: the chief of a Scottish clan (historical after the 18th cent.).

ΚΠ

1478 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1478/6/57 The lordis auditouris decretis and deliveris that..gif it plesis the said Walt[er] to call the lard of Johnston' to the saide day, that he have lettres to summonde him.

1552 Breadalbane Coll. Documents & Lett. (Edinb. Reg. House) No. 84 The saidis..hes ranunsyt..thair cheyff the lard McGregour.

1610 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1887) 1st Ser. VIII. 437 Sir Johnne Bruce of Airth, William and Patrik Bruces, his brothers.., Patrik Hendirsoun, officer to the Laird of Bruce.., with others..came..to the complainer's house.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 3 Considering thair younge cheif the laird of M'Intoshe wes bot ane barne who..micht not be anssuerabill for their misdeidis.

1764 Hist. Feuds & Confl. Clans Scotl. 59 The instruments of this trouble were the laird of Grant and Sir John Campbell of Calder.

1814 W. Scott Border Antiq. II. 156 He carried the standard of the clan of Scott, attended by five hundred of that name, to assist the Laird of Johnstone.

1857 Trans. Soc. Antiq. Scotl. 4 150 In July 1596, the Laird of Macgregor appeared personally before the King and Council at Dunfermline, and bound himself for the good behaviour of his Clan.

1903 E. Everett-Green Hero of Highlands xxiii. 336 Amongst these prisoners was the Laird of Macintosh.

1999 J. M. Neil Scots Fiddle I. 78 James Macpherson was born around 1675, the son of a beautiful gypsy woman and a Highland laird, Macpherson of Invershie.

Derivatives

ˈlairdess n. a laird's wife; a female member of the landed gentry.

ΚΠ

1860 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 646/2 Her sister lairdesses were enriching the tea-table conversation with broad descriptions of the abominable vices of their several spouses.

1928 Fortn. Rev. Sept. 431 The lairdess of the locality, a maiden lady, very plain, tall, and austere, unaccountably gave birth to a child.

2000 Times 28 Feb. 45 There is a strong cast, with veterans Richard Briers and Susan Hampshire as the retired laird and lairdess.

ˈlairdie n. a contemptuous or affectionate term for a laird; a minor laird.

ΚΠ

1779 True Loyalist 10 And wha think ye had they got then But a wie poor German Lairdie.

1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen I. ix. 148 Douglas was Douglas when the Duke's first forbear was but a paidling lairdie with not a dozen men to his name.

2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 17 Dec. (Seven Days section) 1/1 The estate's tenants referred to him as the ‘wee lairdie’.

lairˈdocracy n. [after aristocracy n.] a ruling class of lairds.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > squire or laird > lairds as forming ruling class

lairdocracy1842

1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. ii. 50 Till within these twenty years, ministers held themselves..in rather an inferior station in regard to the lairdocracy of the parish.

1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 123/1 Some of the Scottish lairdocracy may take it into their foolish heads to oppose any material change.

1996 Daily Tel. 8 Jan. 7/1 The ‘lairdocracy’ came under increasing pressure to justify the expansion of the deer forests.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lairdv.

Brit.

/lɛːd/, U.S.

/lɛrd/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: laird n.

Etymology: < laird n. Compare earlier lord v.

Scottish and in Scottish contexts.

†a. transitive. To be the owner of (an estate). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1856 G. Outram Lyrics, Legal & Misc. (1874) 86 He delved on the lands he had lairded before.

1889 A. G. Murdoch Sc. Readings III. 82 The bit property he lairds may come to oor twa sel's.

b. intransitive. With over. To act as laird or master. Somewhat rare.

ΚΠ

1865 Arbroath Guide 18 Mar. 3 They sneer an' bid me gang an' dine, Wi' him wha lairds oor ain toun.

1894 L. B. Walford Matchmaker xxxii. 272 When all the grievances of a proprietor who beholds from afar his own lands being lairded over and enjoyed by an interloper, were keenly felt.

2001 Guardian (Nexis) 8 Nov. 22 The setting was a Scottish island lairded over by Christopher Lee.

2. transitive. With it. To act in a manner considered typical or characteristic of a laird; to exercise authority in an overbearing manner; to give oneself airs. Chiefly with over (in to laird it over).

ΚΠ

1859 Ballou's Dollar Monthly Mag. Aug. 121/2 An' tell ye what! gin ye dinna marry him, Ill tak' a lass younger than yesel to wife to laird it owre ye.

1879 A. G. Murdoch Rhymes & Lyrics 67 That Burns, it was sae neatly wrote, Micht fitly laird it.

1890 A. J. Armstrong Ingleside Musings & Tales 143 Though aft ye kink an' skirl like mad, An' laird it ower the hailwur.

1975 J. Innes Ashton's Folly vi. 54 You and Maigh too! What a set-up. He practically lairds it over there, so I'm told.

1996 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 30 July 10 (headline) Now ginger nut wants to laird it over Scots.

2005 Sun (Nexis) 9 Mar. If you've got £20million or more lying around, you could laird it over a similar 45,000-acre estate.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	laird
释义	lairdn. Brit. /lɛːd/, U.S. /lɛrd/, Scottish English /lerd/ Forms: pre-1700 lard, pre-1700 larde, pre-1700 larid (probably transmission error), pre-1700 layrd, pre-1700 leird, pre-1700 1700s leard, pre-1700 1700s– laird, pre-1700 1900s– lerd. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: lord n. Etymology: Originally a Scots variant of lord n., now usually distinguished in form in the senses below.Forms with o are also attested in Scotland in various senses from as early as the 15th cent. (compare e.g. quot. 1428 for Lord of Parliament n. at lord n. and int. Phrases 4b, and see discussion at lord n.). In the course of the Older Scots period, these become increasingly common in most senses, while distinctly Scots forms such as lard and laird become increasingly restricted in sense. Compare the pairing lords and lairds , chiefly in Scottish administrative documents of the 16th and 17th centuries (compare quot. 1522). Originally and chiefly Scottish. 1. A member of the Scottish landed gentry; an owner of an estate. Cf. squire n. 5b.In the 15th and 16th centuries the term was applied to those who held land directly from the Crown, and were therefore entitled to attend Parliament. The term is a description rather than a title, and does not equate to the English lord. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > possessor > [noun] > owner > landowner landlorda1000 lordOE lairdc1379 mailerc1485 landman1562 heritor1597 landowner1742 land-proprietor1815 territorialist1845 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > squire or laird lairdc1379 esquire1600 squire1676 squirearch1832 squiralty1886 c1379 Cal. Edinb. Reg. House Charters Suppl. Schir William the Lyndesay lard of the Byres. 1428 Ayr Burgh Accts. in Sc. Hist. Rev. (1957) 31 143 To the lard off Sanchar v s. 1496 in C. Rogers Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 251 That the saidis landis remayne with us and our successouris wnquiteowt be the Lard of Burlie. 1522 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1522/7/2 Quhatsumever tennent gentilman, unlandit or yeman, havand takkis or steidingis of ony lordis or lairdis, spirituall or temporall. a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 193 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 101 Pure freris..That with ye leif of ye lard Will cum to ye corne ȝard At ewyn and at morn. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 177 The lard of Cesfurde..meites him. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 161 He..directit thame to go norne and leive vpone the landis and bestiall pertening to the laird. 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem i. 85 None gained by those bloody fairds But two three Beggers who turn'd Lairds. 1716 London Gaz. No. 5424/2 Our Detachment burnt the Laird's House. 1721 A. Ramsay Poems I. 328 Tho, to my Loss, I'm no a Laird, By birth, my Title's fair. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs viii, in Poems 12 Our Laird gets in his racked rents. 1847 J. R. McCulloch Descr. & Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire (ed. 3) II. iv. vi. 205 By the lesser barons were meant the proprietors of the smaller class of estates, provincially called lairds. 1872 E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 138 (note) In Scotland every tenant in capite, holding in Ward and Blench, continued to be reckoned as a Baron and was known as the Laird. 1902 Everybody's Mag. Mar. 294/1 ‘What's young Campbell want sending you presents?’ growled the Laird. 1986 R. A. Jamieson Thin Wealth 30 This home he had created felt right... He liked the idea of playing the laird. 2012 Daily Tel. 20 July 36/3 The laird was a good sport, too. 2. Frequently with of and a patronymic: the chief of a Scottish clan (historical after the 18th cent.). ΚΠ 1478 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1478/6/57 The lordis auditouris decretis and deliveris that..gif it plesis the said Walt[er] to call the lard of Johnston' to the saide day, that he have lettres to summonde him. 1552 Breadalbane Coll. Documents & Lett. (Edinb. Reg. House) No. 84 The saidis..hes ranunsyt..thair cheyff the lard McGregour. 1610 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1887) 1st Ser. VIII. 437 Sir Johnne Bruce of Airth, William and Patrik Bruces, his brothers.., Patrik Hendirsoun, officer to the Laird of Bruce.., with others..came..to the complainer's house. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 3 Considering thair younge cheif the laird of M'Intoshe wes bot ane barne who..micht not be anssuerabill for their misdeidis. 1764 Hist. Feuds & Confl. Clans Scotl. 59 The instruments of this trouble were the laird of Grant and Sir John Campbell of Calder. 1814 W. Scott Border Antiq. II. 156 He carried the standard of the clan of Scott, attended by five hundred of that name, to assist the Laird of Johnstone. 1857 Trans. Soc. Antiq. Scotl. 4 150 In July 1596, the Laird of Macgregor appeared personally before the King and Council at Dunfermline, and bound himself for the good behaviour of his Clan. 1903 E. Everett-Green Hero of Highlands xxiii. 336 Amongst these prisoners was the Laird of Macintosh. 1999 J. M. Neil Scots Fiddle I. 78 James Macpherson was born around 1675, the son of a beautiful gypsy woman and a Highland laird, Macpherson of Invershie. Derivatives ˈlairdess n. a laird's wife; a female member of the landed gentry. ΚΠ 1860 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 646/2 Her sister lairdesses were enriching the tea-table conversation with broad descriptions of the abominable vices of their several spouses. 1928 Fortn. Rev. Sept. 431 The lairdess of the locality, a maiden lady, very plain, tall, and austere, unaccountably gave birth to a child. 2000 Times 28 Feb. 45 There is a strong cast, with veterans Richard Briers and Susan Hampshire as the retired laird and lairdess. ˈlairdie n. a contemptuous or affectionate term for a laird; a minor laird. ΚΠ 1779 True Loyalist 10 And wha think ye had they got then But a wie poor German Lairdie. 1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen I. ix. 148 Douglas was Douglas when the Duke's first forbear was but a paidling lairdie with not a dozen men to his name. 2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 17 Dec. (Seven Days section) 1/1 The estate's tenants referred to him as the ‘wee lairdie’. lairˈdocracy n. [after aristocracy n.] a ruling class of lairds. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > aristocracy or upper class > gentry > [noun] > squire or laird > lairds as forming ruling class lairdocracy1842 1842 J. Aiton Clerical Econ. ii. 50 Till within these twenty years, ministers held themselves..in rather an inferior station in regard to the lairdocracy of the parish. 1848 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 123/1 Some of the Scottish lairdocracy may take it into their foolish heads to oppose any material change. 1996 Daily Tel. 8 Jan. 7/1 The ‘lairdocracy’ came under increasing pressure to justify the expansion of the deer forests. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lairdv. Brit. /lɛːd/, U.S. /lɛrd/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: laird n. Etymology: < laird n. Compare earlier lord v. Scottish and in Scottish contexts. 1. †a. transitive. To be the owner of (an estate). Obsolete. ΚΠ a1856 G. Outram Lyrics, Legal & Misc. (1874) 86 He delved on the lands he had lairded before. 1889 A. G. Murdoch Sc. Readings III. 82 The bit property he lairds may come to oor twa sel's. b. intransitive. With over. To act as laird or master. Somewhat rare. ΚΠ 1865 Arbroath Guide 18 Mar. 3 They sneer an' bid me gang an' dine, Wi' him wha lairds oor ain toun. 1894 L. B. Walford Matchmaker xxxii. 272 When all the grievances of a proprietor who beholds from afar his own lands being lairded over and enjoyed by an interloper, were keenly felt. 2001 Guardian (Nexis) 8 Nov. 22 The setting was a Scottish island lairded over by Christopher Lee. 2. transitive. With it. To act in a manner considered typical or characteristic of a laird; to exercise authority in an overbearing manner; to give oneself airs. Chiefly with over (in to laird it over). ΚΠ 1859 Ballou's Dollar Monthly Mag. Aug. 121/2 An' tell ye what! gin ye dinna marry him, Ill tak' a lass younger than yesel to wife to laird it owre ye. 1879 A. G. Murdoch Rhymes & Lyrics 67 That Burns, it was sae neatly wrote, Micht fitly laird it. 1890 A. J. Armstrong Ingleside Musings & Tales 143 Though aft ye kink an' skirl like mad, An' laird it ower the hailwur. 1975 J. Innes Ashton's Folly vi. 54 You and Maigh too! What a set-up. He practically lairds it over there, so I'm told. 1996 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 30 July 10 (headline) Now ginger nut wants to laird it over Scots. 2005 Sun (Nexis) 9 Mar. If you've got £20million or more lying around, you could laird it over a similar 45,000-acre estate. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1379v.a1856
随便看	to carry a wary eye on to carry a wary eye upon to carry a watchful eye on to carry a watchful eye upon to carry about to carry all before one to carry along to carry an election to carry an m under one's girdle to carry and recarry to carry another's water to carry arms to carry arms against to carry away to carry away the bucklers to carry away the game to carry away, gain, get, win, go away with etc the garland to carry away, gain, get, win, go away with the garland to carry back to carry big guns to carry coals to carry coals to newcastle to carry conviction to carry double to carry etc a torch for