单词 | lair |
释义 | lairn.1 a. The action or fact of lying. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > [noun] lairc893 lying?c1225 reclination1556 discubation1641 discumbing1641 decumbence1646 decumbency1646 discumbency1646 recubation1646 recumbency1646 discumbiture1655 discubiture1656 discumbence1656 decubation1664 decumbiture1670 recumbence1670 decubitus1879 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §23 Mid þan langan legere þæs deadan mannes inne. OE Beowulf 3043 Se legdraca..wæs fiftiges fotgemearces lang on legere. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. iv. 70 All the beistis war Repaterit weyll eftyr thair nychtis lair. 1631 G. Markham Way to Wealth (1668) v. ii. xviii. 87 Touching the keeping of Corn after it is thrasht and drest, it is divers wayes to be done, as by stowage or place of lear. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > fornication, adultery, or incest > [noun] > fornication lair1296 fornicationa1300 holourya1400 scortation1556 quadrulapse1595 bastardry1605 fornicating1620 houghmagandya1700 1296 in W. H. D. Longstaffe & J. Booth Halmota Prioratus Dunelmensis (1889) 1 Eda filia Pater Noster pro leyr, 6d. 1332–3 in W. H. D. Longstaffe & J. Booth Halmota Prioratus Dunelmensis (1889) 13 De Ivetta Horner, pro leyr in adulterio, 2s. 1361 in W. H. D. Longstaffe & J. Booth Halmota Prioratus Dunelmensis (1889) 27 De Christiana ancilla Willelmi capellani pro leyr cum capellano, 2s. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > fallow land > state of being fallow?1523 lair1602 fallowness1859 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 20 The Tiller..is driuen to giue it at least seuen or eight yeres leyre. 2. The resting place of a corpse; a grave, tomb. Now only Scottish, a plot in a graveyard. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] buriels854 througheOE burianOE graveOE lairc1000 lair-stowc1000 lich-restc1000 pitOE grass-bedOE buriness1175 earth housec1200 sepulchrec1200 tombc1300 lakec1320 buriala1325 monumenta1325 burying-place1382 resting placea1387 sepulturea1387 beda1400 earth-beda1400 longhousea1400 laystow1452 lying1480 delfa1500 worms' kitchen?a1500 bier1513 laystall1527 funeral?a1534 lay-bed1541 restall1557 cellarc1560 burying-grave1599 pit-hole1602 urn1607 cell1609 hearse1610 polyandrum1627 requietory1631 burial-place1633 mortuary1654 narrow cell1686 ground-sweat1699 sacred place1728 narrow house1792 plot1852 narrow bed1854 c1000 Laws Northumbr. Priests §62 in Schmid Gesetze 370 Þolige he clænes legeres. c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 288 Unsac he wæs on life beo on legere swa swa he mote. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 2293 Sir Arthure..ledde hyme to the layere thare the kyng lygges. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. x. 3243 He chesyd his layre in till Kelsew. c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. lxxxiv. iii The mynster churche..Of Glastonbury, where nowe he hath his leyre. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 118 Ane feild full fair, Quhair that him self befoir chesit his lair. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 154 Sanct Salvatouris colledge quhairin he maid his lair verri cureouslie and costlie. 1882 McQueen in Macmillan's Mag. 46 162 Some of the inhabitants..had their family ‘lair’ or burying-place in the graveyard of a village. 1890 [Notice in Stromness Ch.-yard] The Committee appointed by the Heritors to take charge of the new Burial Ground have had before them alternative plans for placing of lairs. 3. That whereon one lies down to sleep; a bed, couch. †at or to lair: in or to bed. †to take one's lair: to take to one's bed. Now chiefly with some reference to sense 5. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > [noun] restOE bedc995 laira1000 couch1340 littera1400 libbege1567 pad1703 spond1763 fleabag1811 dab1812 snooze1819 downy1846 kip1879 the hay1903 Uncle Ned1925 rack1939 fart sack1943 sack1943 pit1948 uncle1982 the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > take to bed to lay up1554 to take one's lair1633 to lie up1850 to take to one's bed1883 a1000 Wife's Compl. 34 Frynd leger weardiaþ þonne ic on uhtan ana gonge. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 He beð neðer þanne he er was, alse fro sete to leire. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 29091 In askes and in hare, And weping and vneses lair. c1425 Dispute Mary & Cross 96 in Leg. Rood (1871) App. 200 My love I lulled vppe in hys leir. 1494 Acta Dom. Conc. (1739) 372/2 His wiff wes liand in cheld bed lare. 1619 H. Hutton Satyricall Epigrams in Follie's Anat. sig. C3 Robin has for Tobaccho sold his chaire, Reseruing nothing but a stoole for's lare. 1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (i. 9) 192 The Physitian comming to his patient, enquires..the time when he tooke his Layre. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 24 The shepherd..on the sloping pond-head lies at lair. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. iii. 8/1 Wretchedness..shivers hunger-stricken into its lair of straw. 1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. xx. 255 There were ‘lairs’ among the underwood—constructed of branches. 1899 F. T. Bullen Log of Sea-waif 160 The villainous den beneath the top-gallant-forecastle, far in the fore-part of the ship, which is the lair of seamen in most English ships. 4. A place for animals to lie down in. a. for domestic animals. †Also, a haunt or range. Now spec. an enclosure or large shed for cattle on the way to market.By Spenser, if the reading be correct, used pseudo-archaically for ‘pasture’. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal enclosure or house general > [noun] > resting place for animals lairc1420 bed1694 dinner camp1859 bed-ground1880 bedding-ground1884 camp1891 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > enclosing cattle > enclosure for cattle rack-yard1765 lobby1778 wro1808 rodeo1811 lair1865 lairage1883 ox yard1885 cow-barton1888 cattle-camp1900 boosey close1922 c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 52 Take heede ek if the dwellers in that leir Her wombis sidis, reynys swelle or ake. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. Prol. 44 All stoyr and catall seysit in thar lair. 1573 T. Tusser Points Huswifrie (new ed.) f. 27, in Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) Borne I was..In Essex layer, in village fayer, that Riuenhall hight. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. viii. sig. H2v More hard for hungry steed t'abstaine from pleasant lare . View more context for this quotation a1598 A. Montgomerie Mindes Melodie (1605) Ps. xxiii. 5 He makes my leare In feelds so fare. 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver xxii. 139 The Warmest parts of many Pastures, which Sheepe and Cattell chuse alway for their Lieare. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 103 Nature shall provide..Mossy Caverns for their Evening lare . View more context for this quotation 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Cow You must..fill up the Holes carefully that are in the Cowhouse-yard or Layer. 1811 Risdon's Chorogr. Surv. Devon (new ed.) Addit. 406 Each flock of sheep has its particular range,..These places are called lears. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 105 Low of distant cattle..dropping down to lair. 1865 Daily Tel. 22 Aug. 5/5 These lairs..are tolerably comfortable places, and the cattle have food and water while staying there. 1887 Times 27 Aug. 11/4 Hay, straw, and forage for use in the lairs. b. for beasts of chase or of prey. at lair: in his or their lair. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habitat > habitat > [noun] > dwelling place or shelter houseOE denOE holdc1275 lying-placea1382 coucha1398 homea1398 logis1477 starting-hole1530 cabbage1567 lodge1567 lair1575 lay1590 squat1590 hover1602 denning1622 start-holea1641 bed1694 niche1725 shed1821 lying1834 basking-hole1856 lie1869 homesite1882 holt1890 lying-ground1895 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxxvii. 99 When a Hart hath fed..& wil not go to his layre..he lyeth downe vpon his belly. 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. I3 All the nimble Citizens of the Wood betooke them to their Laire. 1626 N. Breton Fantasticks sig. B2 The stately Hart is at Layre in the high wood. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 457 Out of the ground up rose As from his Laire the wilde Beast. View more context for this quotation 1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 294 Fierce from his Lair springs forth the speckled Pard. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lv. 96 They were hunted like wild beasts into their lairs. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. ii. 535 In that forest was the lair Of a great boar. c. of other animals. ΚΠ 1841 R. Browning Pippa Passes Introd., in Bells & Pomegranates No. I 4/1 That mossy lair Of lizards. 1860 R. W. Emerson Fate in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 33 Every creature,—wren or dragon,—shall make its own lair. 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling v. 153 A fish feeding in his lair. 5. Agriculture. Nature or kind of soil, with reference to its effect on the quality of crops, or of the animals pastured upon it. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [noun] > ground as suitable for cultivation landc825 earthOE farmland1357 ox-landa1387 red land1459 lair1519 mainland1686 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxi. f. 178 The tyllar wyll..shone it as poysonde leyre. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 237/2 Layre of a grounde, terroy[r]. 1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 23v What layer much better than there? or cheaper (thereon to do well). 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. viii. 15 Virgill infers the best layer for Tillage to be an Earth which is blackish and darke. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) i. xxv. 116 Sheepe bred either of a fruitfull ground, and rich leare, or vpon barren ground, and poore leare. 1623 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (ed. 3) 104 Leare, which is the earth on which a Sheepe lyeth, and giueth him his colour, is much to be respected; the red Leare is held the best. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. ix. 77 Chuse the Female before the Male [rabbit],..and both from out a chalky ground and a sweet laire. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 135/2 Sheep at their Lear. Some say, Feeding or Grasing. 1799 A. Young Gen. View Agric. County Lincoln 211 Where the soil is so good as to run well to grass good layers are easily formed. 1847 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 8 i. 64 Manure is used heavily on clover-layers. Compounds lair-holder n. Scottish the owner of a grave. ΚΠ 1864 N.B. Mail 2 Nov. The subcommittee of the lair-holders thought it would [etc.]. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > within a church lair-stall1541 lair-stead1559 kirk lair1606 1541 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 195 Pro denariis debitis pro le layrestall infra ecclesiam. 1672 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 338 For laying downe layerstalls, 5s. † †lair-stead n. Obsolete a grave within a church. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > within a church lair-stall1541 lair-stead1559 kirk lair1606 1559 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 130 I gyue for my lare stede in the churche iijs. iiijd. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] > stone covering grave stone1303 gravestone1387 through-stonea1400 througha1425 burial-stone?a1500 trough1501 ledgerc1510 tombstone?1520 lair-stone1538 humeta1647 plank1660 ledger-stone1851 flatstone1855 grave-cover1875 hogback1889 1538 Inventory in Archaeologia (1888) 51 71 Itm the laton on the larestones, vd. 1565 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories N. Counties Eng. (1835) I. 247 For his lairstone in ye church iijs. iiijd. c1632 Inventory Goods All-Saints Church Newcastle in J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle (1789) I. 370 One swea tree with two rolles for taking and laying down lairstones. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > grave or burial-place > [noun] buriels854 througheOE burianOE graveOE lairc1000 lair-stowc1000 lich-restc1000 pitOE grass-bedOE buriness1175 earth housec1200 sepulchrec1200 tombc1300 lakec1320 buriala1325 monumenta1325 burying-place1382 resting placea1387 sepulturea1387 beda1400 earth-beda1400 longhousea1400 laystow1452 lying1480 delfa1500 worms' kitchen?a1500 bier1513 laystall1527 funeral?a1534 lay-bed1541 restall1557 cellarc1560 burying-grave1599 pit-hole1602 urn1607 cell1609 hearse1610 polyandrum1627 requietory1631 burial-place1633 mortuary1654 narrow cell1686 ground-sweat1699 sacred place1728 narrow house1792 plot1852 narrow bed1854 c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 430 Ypolitus ða bebyrigde ðone halgan lichaman on ðære wudewan leger-stowe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11414 Me nom alle þa dede & to leirstowe heom. ladden. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lairn.2 Now dialect. Clay, mire, mud. †under lair n. under the ground. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > mud > [noun] laira1340 fanc1340 mudc1400 slutchc1400 slikec1425 slipc1440 slobber1440 sorec1440 slot?a1500 glar?a1513 slubber1570 slab1622 lute1694 lutulence1727 sletch1743 sleek1774 slakec1800 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter lxviii. 18 Out take me of the lare that .i. be not infestid. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 519 O watur his blod, his fless o lair, His hete o fir, hijs and of air. a1400–50 Alexander 4445 All sall leue ȝow at þe laste and in-to laire worth. c1440 York Myst. xxxi. 213 One Lazar..Lay loken vndir layre fro lymme and fro light. 1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 276 My short legs could not step ouer this lair or sinking mire. 1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Laier, soil, dung. Ess. and Suff. Lare, a quagmire. N. 1803 W. S. Rose tr. Amadis de Gaule 76 He sees two damsels o'er the laire advance. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Lair, mire, dirt. 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Lair, mud, ‘sleck’, quicksand, or any soft yielding surface. 1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags 31 He was covered with the lair of the moss-hags. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † lairn.3 Obsolete. A ewer. ΘΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > pouring vessel > [noun] > ewer ewer14.. lair1491 1491 Will of Alis Vaughan formerly Rawlyn (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/9) f. 18 A layer of siluer ouer gilt. 1508 Sponselles L. Marye 25 in Camden Misc. (1895) No salte, cuppe, or layer..set on the borde. 1565 in J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1770) II. 691 The Communion Table was richely furnished with Plate..viz... Two great Leires, garneshed with Stones. a1604 in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (1765) I. vii. 181 A fair bason and lair (Ewer) guilt. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2021). lairn.4 Australian slang. A flashily dressed man, one who ‘shows off’. Also (rare) ˈlairize v. (intransitive) to act like a lair, to show off. ΚΠ 1935 K. Tennant Tiburon ix. 106 He was also considered something of a lare among the girls. 1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 42 Lair, a flashily-dressed man. 1941 K. Tennant Battlers iii. 29 But a brainy young lare called ‘the mob’ together on the pavement outside the shop. ‘This can be worked, can't it?’ he asked, displaying his slip. 1953 K. Tennant Joyful Condemned iii. 22 You came lairizing round at our place like you owned it. 1955 H. Drake-Brockman Men without Wives 83 A flash young man. What they call on the goldfields ‘a regular lare’. Hair much slicked, double-breasted coat, patent leather shoes. 1956 J. Wright in Coast to Coast 1955–6 168 But he was what they called a bit of a lair; he couldn't keep a job and had run through three already. 1956 K. Tennant Honey Flow xvi. 188 When they dressed in their best, they looked cheap lares, the type you see leaning against the hotel or the general store. 1973 A. Broinowski Take One Ambassador iii. 31 Two young lairs from the surf club carried their boards down..and tossed them onto the sea. With insolent grace they hopped on. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2021). lairv.1ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > place in horizontal position [verb (transitive)] > lay flat (on the ground) layc950 lairc1200 streek1303 to lay lowc1405 prostrate1483 prostern1490 spald1513 prostitute1583 prosternate1593 lodge1597 flatten1712 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Þe rihte bileue and þe soðe luue..ben leirede and slaine on his heorte. 2. a. intransitive. To lie, repose (on a bed). ΚΠ 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 243 Vnder this herbe a Snake full cold doth leare [L. latet anguis sub herba]. b. Of cattle: To go to their lair. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [verb (intransitive)] > go to lair lair1821 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 74 The berries of the brambly wood..Which, when his cattle lair, he runs to get. c. transitive. To place in a lair. Also reflexive. To find one's lair. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > lie in bed [verb (reflexive)] couchc1550 lair1851 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > a secret place, hiding place > put in secret place [verb (transitive)] plant1610 secrete1749 stash1797 cache1805 lair1851 the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > place in house, stall, etc. stall1390 to take up1482 to put up1607 cote1630 shed1850 lair1890 1851 M. Reid Rifle Rangers i. 13 The jaguar is not far distant, ‘laired’ in the secret depths of the impenetrable jungle. 1853 A. Smith Life Drama x. 183 I'd rather lair me with a fiend in fire Than look on such a face as hers to-night. 1890 Daily Tel. 22 May 5/6 At this moment there are over 7,000 beasts laired in Deptford Market. d. To serve as a lair for; in quot. 1870 figurative. ΚΠ 1870 J. R. Lowell Cathedral 51 As a mountain seems To dwellers round its bases but a heap Of barren obstacle that lairs the storm. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lairv.2 1. intransitive. To stick or sink in mire or bog. ΚΠ a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 86 Some Scottismen..not knowing the ground lared, and lost thair horse. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 252 In the quhilk passage ane of thair greit peices of ordinance larit. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 200 Silly sheep, wha..thro' the drift, deep-lairing, sprattle. 1805 State, Leslie of Powis 74 (Jam.) His cattle sometimes laired in the waggle. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down 1897 S. R. Crockett Lads' Love xxix. 290 I feared o' lairin' in the moss mysel'. 2. transitive. To cause or allow to sink in mire or a morass. Also reflexive. ΚΠ c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xx. 46 Thow wald not rest but raik, And lair thee in þe myre. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 405 They come to ane place callit the Solloun mose..and thair in lairit and mischeiffit thair horse. 1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets iv. 30 But, past Relief lar'd in a Midding, He's now oblig'd to do her Bidding. 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. II. xiii. 217 In Scotland, also, cattle venturing on the ‘quaking moss’ are often mired, or ‘laired’. 1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 76 Watery flows, in which sheep and cattle sometimes lair themselves. 1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders xxiv. 213 They say that King Robert..laired and bogged a hale army o' the English there. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lairv.3 Australian slang. To dress flashily, to dress up; to act in a lairy manner. Frequently in past participle (all) laired up. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > in specific way > dress up or dress elaborately disguisec1325 quaintisea1333 guisea1400 to dress up?a1513 deck?1521 garnisha1535 trim1594 gallant1614 sprug1622 dizena1625 to dress out1649 bedizen1661 rig1723 trim1756 bedress1821 gaudy1838 buck up1854 garb1868 clobber1887 mum1890 to do up1897 dude1899 toff1914 lair1941 1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 42 Lair up, to dress, esp. to don one's best clothes for a festive occasion. 1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. vi. 119 All laired up and its synonym all mockered up may also be noted. 1955 H. Drake-Brockman Men without Wives 83 It's that Rienzi. He's a trimmer. Always laring round. No good to girls. 1962 S. Gore Down Golden Mile 64 He climbs out of the cockpit, all laired up in this red rig-out. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1c893n.2a1340n.31491n.41935v.1c1200v.2c1560v.31941 |
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