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单词 auto-
释义

auto-comb. form1

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.
Forms: before a vowel occasionally aut-.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin auto-; Greek αὐτο-.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin auto- (formations in which are found from the mid 16th cent.; already in classical Latin in borrowings from Greek) and its etymon ancient Greek αὐτο- ‘self, one's own, by oneself, independently’, combining form (in e.g. αὐτόχθων autochthon n.) of αὐτός self, of uncertain origin. In formations in sense 2 immediately after automatic adj. and related words. Compare German auto- (formations in which are found from the second half of the 18th cent., and become numerous in the 19th cent.), French auto- (formations in which are found from the early 19th cent.). Compare self- prefix.Attested earliest in the first half of the 16th cent. in the Greek and Latin loanwords autodidact n. and autochthon n., and subsequently in other loans and adaptations from Greek and Latin and from French. Formations within English are found from the first half of the 17th cent. (the two earliest such formations are autology n. and autocide n.1), but are relatively rare before the 19th cent. Formations with the combining form αὐτο- are very common in Greek. By contrast, classical Latin auto- occurs only in a small number of loans from Greek, e.g. autocthōn autochthon n., autographus autograph adj., automatum automaton n., but the combining form becomes more common in post-classical Latin and is very frequent in formations in the modern European languages.
1.
a. Forming chiefly scientific terms relating to (a) chemical, biological, or organic processes, with the sense ‘originating within or acting on the body or organism in question; self-produced; self-induced’; (b) human activity or behaviour, with the sense ‘of or relating to oneself’. Cf. self- prefix.
autacanthid adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəˈkanθɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdəˈkænθəd/
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/ˌɑdəˈkænθəd/
[ < auto- comb. form1 + ancient Greek ἄκανθα spine (see acanthus n.) + -id suffix1] Zoology (now disused) (in the terminology of F. J. Bell) designating a starfish whose spines arise on specialized dermal ossicles; cf. typacanthid adj. at typo- comb. form .
ΚΠ
1881 F. J. Bell in Proc. Zool. Soc. 3 May 502 The forms in which the spines thus rise from special plates may be distinguished as autacanthid.
1914 A. E. Verrill Monogr. Shallow-water Starfishes N. Pacific Coast 35 Mr. Bell..made a special distinction between those species that bear certain spines on isolated or special dermal ossicles (autacanthid) and those that bear spines only on the regular skeletal ossicles.
auto-abstract n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtəʊˌabstrakt/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌæbstræk(t)/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌæbstræk(t)/
now rare an author's summary of his or her own work.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] > synoptical statement
abstract1436
titling1465
capitulation1523
aphorism1528
argument1535
table1560
analysis1588
the brief1601
abstractive1611
synopsis1611
method1614
synopsy1616
modela1626
scheme1652
syllabus1653
précis1760
summing up1795
aperçu1828
conspectus1839
vidimus1884
auto-abstract1892
standfirst1972
1892 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. Sept. p. lx Instead of the notice prepared we insert an auto-abstract..which will present the point considered most important by the author in his own words.
1903 Nature 15 Jan. 253/2 It is pleasing to note that a considerable number of these are auto-abstracts, for this method of summarising is the only one which ensures that the really essential points in the various investigations are brought forward.
1910 Bull. Mount Weather Observatory 31 Oct. 164 Auto-abstract of article.
autoagglutination n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊəˌɡluːtᵻˈneɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊəˌɡlutnˈeɪʃən/
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/ˌɑdoʊəˌɡlutnˈeɪʃən/
[after German Autoagglutination (1902 or earlier)] (a) Medicine agglutination of red blood cells in their own serum, esp. as a result of the action of an autoantibody; (b) Biology spontaneous aggregation of bacteria or protozoa.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > agglutination
agglutination1896
autoagglutination1903
haemagglutination1907
isoagglutination1907
isohaemagglutination1907
hetero-agglutination1913
isoagglutinating1921
1903 20th Cent. Pract. 21 807 There is besides the phenomenon of autoagglutination (that observed in vitro by serum on its own red corpuscles).
1903 E. Francis Exper. Investig. Trypanosoma Lewisi Hygienic Lab. Bull. No. 11 15 When auto-agglutination is well advanced we see very few parasites occurring singly.
1960 L. Picken Organization of Cells iii. 66 In certain phases of growth, a particular bacterium will form stable suspensions in saline, while in another phase it may aggregate spontaneously, undergoing auto-agglutination.
2001 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 1809/1 Perhaps it is now appropriate to use the term clumping instead of autoagglutination to distinguish platelet-mediated clumping of [Plasmodium falciparum-]infected erythrocytes from agglutinates of infected erythrocytes formed by antibodies or homotypic adhesion.
autoaggressive adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊəˈɡrɛsɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊəˈɡrɛsɪv/
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/ˌɑdoʊəˈɡrɛsɪv/
(a) Psychology aggressive towards oneself; (b) Medicine = autoimmune adj. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [adjective] > immune response > auto-immunity
autoaggressive1940
autoimmune1952
1940 Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 33 193 There is no doubt that the auto-aggressive tendency must be the one more prominent among suicidals, but there is no reason to believe that it must be so prominent among schizophrenic patients.
1959 Acta Medica Scandinavica 163 209 Other evidence was found that the leukocyte agglutinin of this patient was auto-aggressive.
1989 Jrnl. Autoimmunity 2 951 These mutant peptides can block autoaggressive T cells and have been used to treat autoimmune disease.
2009 Psychiatric Q. 80 125 Although there are numerous publications on the existing link between month of birth and suicide, only two studies focus on suicide attempts and auto-aggressive behavior.
autoallergic adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊəˈləːdʒɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊəˈlərdʒɪk/
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/ˌɑdoʊəˈlərdʒɪk/
Medicine of, relating to, or of the nature of autoallergy.
ΚΠ
1942 Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. 45 702 Urticarial zones surrounding hemorrhagic purpuric lesions..are due to a local autoallergic mechanism.
1983 B. Inglis & R. West Alternative Health Guide 309 The more self-explanatory term is ‘autoallergic’, the implication being that some of our symptoms may be caused by our homeostatic system reacting unnecessarily, or even in the wrong way, to one of our body's own constituents.
2006 W. M. Sheremata 100 Questions & Answers about Multiple Sclerosis 54 Other nervous system proteins have been implicated in autoallergic central nervous system diseases.
autoallergy n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊˈalədʒi/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈælərdʒi/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈælərdʒi/
Medicine autoimmunity, spec. one of a type resembling hypersensitivity to foreign antigens; an instance of this.
ΚΠ
1945 Amer. Weekly 26 Aug. 23/1 Doctors..have no doubt that these..ingredients were the offending agent. They proved this by giving their patients ‘desensitization’ treatment and curing them of their auto-allergy.
1983 B. Inglis & R. West Alternative Health Guide 310 Clinical ecologists believe that allergies and autoallergies are frequently the consequence of pollution of the air we breathe and, even more, of the food we eat.
2003 M. Humbert et al. in B. N. Lambrecht et al. Immunol. Basis Asthma xiv. 355 One suggestion is that intrinsic asthma represents a form of autoimmunity, or autoallergy, triggered by infection as a respiratory influenza–like illness often precedes onset.
autoantigen n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊˈantᵻdʒ(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈæn(t)ədʒ(ə)n/
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/ˌɔdoʊˈæn(t)əˌdʒɛn/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈæn(t)ədʒ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈæn(t)əˌdʒɛn/
Medicine and Immunology (a) an antigenic preparation made from a patient's own bacterial flora, secretions, or tissue (now disused); (b) an antigen that is the target of an autoimmune response.
ΚΠ
1913 W. B. Christopherson tr. B. Bandelier & O. Roepke Tuberculin in Diagnosis & Treatm. iii. 195 Similar experiments to treat tuberculosis with a filtrate obtained from the patients' own sputum, which might be termed an auto-antigen, have lately been made.
1920 Amer. Jrnl. Dis. Children 19 411 Better results were obtained from the autoantigen. In the majority of cases benefit was immediately manifested.
1959 Internat. Arch. Allergy & Appl. Immunol. Suppl. 14 21 There was an organ-specific antigen..which could act as an auto-antigen.
2006 P. J. Delves et al. Roitt's Essent. Immunol. (ed. 11) 33/1 Hypersensitivity to autoantigens may arise through a breakdown in the mechanisms which control self tolerance.
† auto-burglar n. Obsolete a person who burgles his or her own house.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1884 C. Reade Singleheart v. 114 A revolver was levelled at the auto-burglar by the wife's friend.
1884 C. Reade Singleheart v. 120 No drunkard and auto-burglar to drain the wife's purse.
autocannibalism n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈkanᵻbəlɪz(ə)m/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈkanᵻbl̩ɪz(ə)m/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈkænəbəˌlɪzəm/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈkænəbəˌlɪzəm/
the consumption of (part of) an organism or cell by itself; autophagy; also figurative.
ΚΠ
1908 H. Fletcher Optimism 32 It is a resort to auto-cannibalism, as it were, but in this emergency Nature is wisely discriminating. She uses up the least necessary and degenerate tissue first.
1961 Spectator 7 July 4 One bit of State machinery that shows a very tough resistance to this auto-cannibalism is the civil service.
1986 Fortune 20 Jan. 50/2 Neurons short of acetylcholine may manufacture it by a process that Wurtman calls autocannibalism: they consume their own membranes, the ‘overcoats’ of the neurons, which are made of lecithin.
2003 Fortean Times Nov. 8 (heading) Eating people is wrong, they say, but does that apply to auto-cannibalism?
autocatalepsy n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈkatəlɛpsi/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈkædlˌɛpsi/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈkædlˌɛpsi/
now rare self-induced catalepsy; catalepsy resulting from internal causes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > stupor or coma > [noun] > catalepsy
catalepsy1398
ecstasy1598
ecstasis1621
catochus1653
catoche1656
trance1842
trance-coma1849
trance-sleep1849
autocatalepsy1851
1851 C. Kingsley Yeast 375 Unattributable even to auto-catalepsy.
1897 Brit. Jrnl. Dental Sci. 40 392 These are probably cases of auto-catalepsy. Even Socrates himself would stand for hours motionless and wordless.
1920 G. W. Berry in Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1918 505 They entered it more readily when left alone, showing the causes are internal and the author therefore calls it ‘autocatalepsy’.
autocoprophagous adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)kəˈprɒfəɡəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊkəˈprɑfəɡəs/
,
/ˌɑdoʊkəˈprɑfəɡəs/
rare that eats its own excrement.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by eating habits > [adjective] > feeding on dung > on own dung
autocoprophagous1871
1871 A. C. Swinburne Let. 19 Oct. (1959) II. 161 A Malebolgian periodical called the Contemporary Review, conducted by..spiritual nightmen, of the autocoprophagous persuasion.
2001 W. G. Doty in J. C. Reesman Trickster Lives 7 He is the excremental dude who can..survive by eating his own feces or scabs.., an autocoprophagous theme..that is simultaneously hilarious and repulsive.
autocoup n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)kuː/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌku/
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/ˈɔdəˌku/
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/ˈɑdoʊˌku/
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/ˈɑdəˌku/
Politics = autogolpe n.
ΚΠ
1971 M. Melville & T. Melville Guatemala x. 174 To give the old general an out—what is known in Latin America as an auto-coup or an auto-golpe.
2002 New Internationalist Aug. 36/2 Others..warn darkly of a return to the military regimes of the 1960s and 1970s, or some form of ‘autocoup’ in the style of Peru's disgraced former President Alberto Fujimori.
autocytotoxin n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)sʌɪtəˈtɒksɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌsaɪdəˈtɑks(ə)n/
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/ˌɑdoʊˌsaɪdəˈtɑks(ə)n/
Medicine (now chiefly historical) a cytotoxic substance originating within the body; an endogenous cytotoxin.
ΚΠ
1902 Science 2 May 697/2 In a few instances autocytotoxins for blood-cells have been produced.
1980 Jrnl. Parasitol. 66 848/1 The following study was undertaken to determine whether or not autocytotoxins against thymocytes develop during murine malaria.
2006 A. M. Silverstein in N. R. Rose & I. R. MacKay Autoimmune Dis. (ed. 4) i. 5/2 Soon after the discovery of cytotoxic antibodies, the proposal was advanced that sympathetic ophthalmia might be caused by the formation of ‘autocytotoxins’.
autodiagnosis n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)dʌɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsəs/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsəs/
diagnosis of one's own disease or condition, or of a machine's own state of functioning; self-diagnosis, self-examination; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis > specific
self-diagnosis1858
autodiagnosis1893
misdiagnosis1946
underdiagnosis1966
1893 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 7 Jan. 33/2 Trousseau became aware that he was the victim of cancer, an ‘autodiagnosis’ which Dieulafoy was sorrowfully compelled to confirm.
1917 G. S. Hall Jesus I. v. 291 John demanded of each a moral autodiagnosis.
1999 CIO 15 Oct. 88/1 Tioga's auto-diagnosis tool..records all the components of a desktop PC.
2009 K. Lüdtke Dances with Spiders vi. 141 In the absence of a clear cause, meanwhile, cases were identified in a process of auto-diagnosis or with the help of those familiar with the symptoms involved.
autodiagnostic adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)dʌɪəɡˈnɒstɪk/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌdaɪəɡˈnɑstɪk/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌdaɪəɡˈnɑstɪk/
of, relating to, or capable of autodiagnosis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [adjective] > diagnostic
diagnostic1625
nosognomonic1656
semiological1839
autodiagnostic1903
xenodiagnostic1955
underdiagnosed1974
1903 Med. Record 63 169/1 The same hand must not be used for autodiagnostic purposes all the time.
1985 Computer Physics Communications 38 381 The program has an autodiagnostic system, which takes care that the execution of the program is terminated with a message as soon as an error is detected.
2003 D. L. Alexoff in M. J. Welch & C. S. Redvanly Handbk. Radiopharmaceut. (2005) viii. 294 Synthesizers with optimal control and autodiagnostic capabilities could facilitate the supply of cost-effective new radiotracers for clinical use.
autodigestion n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)dʌɪˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)dᵻˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌdaɪˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɔdoʊdəˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌdaɪˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊdəˈdʒɛstʃ(ə)n/
[probably after French autodigestion (1860 or earlier)] Biology and Medicine autolysis of animal or plant tissue; cellular autophagy; (also) degradation of a macromolecule by endogenous cellular enzymes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by nutrition or respiration > [noun] > transfer of nutritive materials or digestion
circulation1656
translocation1868
autodigestion1879
the world > life > biology > biological processes > lysis > [noun]
autodigestion1879
plasmolysis1883
cytolysis1896
phagolysis1898
autolysis1900
heterolysis1902
lysis1902
trypanolysis1905
chromatolysis1908
oncolysis1928
plasmolysability1950
induction1951
lysogenization1953
lysogenizing1961
the world > plants > part of plant > cell or aggregate tissue > [noun] > tissue > self-destruction of tissue
autodigestion1879
1879 London Med. Rec. 15 Mar. 121 They are not, therefore, previously formed in the gland [sc. the pancreas], but are due to auto-digestion.
1913 Ann. Bot. 27 172 The well-known phenomenon of ‘auto-digestion’ shown by the fruit bodies of most species of Coprinus.
1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. v. 170 Cell injury involves another aspect of lysosomal function, known as autodigestion or autophagy, in which some of the contents of the cell itself are engulfed by the lysosome and broken down.
2003 R. J. Epstein Human Molecular Biol. v. 536 Bacteria prevent their own genomes from autodigestion via DNA methylation.
auto-education n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɛdjᵿˈkeɪʃn/
,
/ˌɔːtəʊɛdʒᵿˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
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/ˌɑdoʊˌɛdʒəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
[originally after French auto-éducation (1898 in the work reviewed in quot. 1906)] self-education; spec. learning shaped by the pupil's own inclinations or needs.
ΚΠ
1906 Public 17 Nov. 788/1 This can only be done by Auto-Education—by the spontaneous development of the child's natural needs.
1912 A. E. George tr. M. Montessori Montessori Method xii. 172 It is the work of the child, the auto-correction, the auto-education which acts, for the teacher must not interfere in the slightest way.
1987 Brit. Educ. Res. Jrnl. 13 92 Micros [i.e. microcomputers] are seen as making ‘auto-education’ possible.
autofiction n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌfɪkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌfɪkʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌfɪkʃ(ə)n/
a genre of fiction based on (a part of) the author's life, often presented as a first-person narrative in the style of a novel; fictionalized autobiography; a work of this type. [The term is sometimes said to have been coined (in French) by Serge Doubrovsky in 1977 with reference to his novel of that year, Fils, but in fact the word is attested in English before that date: see quot. 1976.]
ΚΠ
1976 New Lit. Hist. 7 556 This is to see fiction as a mode of tethered autobiography, or auto-fiction.
1998 J. E. Flower Short French Fiction 140 Fictionality and fragmentation soon went on to become key principles in the ‘new autobiography’ practised by the likes of Nathalie Sarraute,..and in the ‘autofiction’ of Serge Doubrovsky.
2005 N.Y. Mag. 7 Feb. 81/3 More illuminating is the case of JT LeRoy, onetime prostitute and drug addict, whose auto-fictions have garnered legions of fans.
autofluorescence n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)flʊəˈrɛsns/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)flɔːˈrɛsns/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)flᵿˈrɛsns/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊflᵿˈrɛs(ə)ns/
,
/ˌɔdoʊflɔˈrɛs(ə)ns/
,
/ˌɑdoʊflᵿˈrɛs(ə)ns/
,
/ˌɑdoʊflɔˈrɛs(ə)ns/
[after French self-fluorescence (1914 in the passage translated in quot. 1916; apparently < English)] chiefly Biology fluorescence caused by a substance occurring naturally in a material, esp. a tissue or biological sample, rather than by a fluorescent stain introduced into it.
ΚΠ
1916 D. L. Hammick tr. J. Perrin Atoms viii. 187 Mme. Curie obtained..products that became, as their purification progressed, more and more radioactive, then luminous by auto-fluorescence [Fr. self-fluorescence].
1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. v. 89 Staining with thiazine dyes shows a strict and invariable orthochromasia, but the fibres, though isotropic by polarized light, possess a strong yellowish autofluorescence in ultraviolet light.
autofluorescent adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)flʊəˈrɛsnt/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)flɔːˈrɛsnt/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)flᵿˈrɛsnt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊflᵿˈrɛs(ə)nt/
,
/ˌɔdoʊˌflɔˈrɛs(ə)nt/
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/ˌɑdoʊflᵿˈrɛs(ə)nt/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌflɔˈrɛs(ə)nt/
Biology of or relating to autofluorescence; exhibiting autofluorescence.
ΚΠ
1947 Jrnl. Nutrition 34 4 Any acetone-soluble, sudanophilic material which is also Schiff-positive, birefringent and autofluorescent may be considered a ketosteroid.
1988 Nature 5 May 67/1 Immediate microscopic observation of ‘greenish’ phytodetrital samples revealed..large numbers of strongly autofluorescent cyanobacterial cells.
2003 J. Roider et al. in F. Fankhauser & S. Kwasniewska Lasers in Ophthalm. 124/1 The autofluorescent behavior of different laser exposures did not vary between patients.
autogenocide n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnəsʌɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈdʒɛnəˌsaɪd/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈdʒɛnəˌsaɪd/
(a) the self-destruction of the entire human race (rare); (b) the mass killing by a government or regime of a section of its own people.
ΚΠ
1958 A. Toynbee in Western World Dec. 33/1 This Western community..is already on its way towards being merged in a worldwide society that will eventually include the whole human race, if mankind does not commit auto-genocide en route.
1963 V. Chu Ta Ta, Tan Tan xi. 165 The simple, elemental truth is that Communist China is committing the biggest auto-genocide in human history.
1989 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Dec. 24/1 (advt.) Staub then considers the behavior of perpetrators and bystanders in..the ‘autogenocide’ in Cambodia.
2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Oct. b2 The mass death in Cambodia under the communist regime of Pol Pot was not an episode of ‘autogenocide’ comparable to the Holocaust.
autograft n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ɡrɑːft/
,
/ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ɡraft/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌɡræft/
,
/ˈɔdəˌɡræft/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌɡræft/
,
/ˈɑdəˌɡræft/
[after French auto-greffe (1871 or earlier)] Surgery a graft of skin or other tissue taken from the patient's own body; grafting of this type.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transplanting and grafting operations > [noun] > a transplant or graft > from same individual
autograft1881
autotransplant1912
1881 C. Johnston in J. Ashhurst Internat. Encycl. Surg. I. 543 Letiévant..undertook the defence of zoo-epidermic grafts, from the dog for example, because auto-grafts were painful, and caused new wounds in the patient.
1955 Sci. News 35 104 Skin grafts are only permanently successful when the skin is taken from another area of the patient's own body—an autograft.
1990 Q. Jrnl. Med. 77 1176 (table) Total parathyroidectomy with autograft.
2008 A. Davidson Gargoyle (2009) ii. 16 In addition to homografts (the skin from human cadavers) I'd had autografts, skin from undamaged areas of my body, and porcine heterografts, skin from pigs.
autohagiography n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)haɡɪˈɒɡrəfi/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌhæɡiˈɑɡrəfi/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌhæɡiˈɑɡrəfi/
,
/ˌɔdoʊˌheɪɡiˈɑɡrəfi/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌheɪɡiˈɑɡrəfi/
an autobiography by a (self-styled) saint; (hence chiefly depreciative) an idealized or flattering autobiography; (also) writing of this type as a genre.
ΚΠ
1929 A. Crowley (title) The spirit of solitude: an autohagiography.
1964 C. Wilson Brandy of Damned i. 25 His autobiography is almost unreadable because of its humourless conceit: it is less autobiography than autohagiography.
1984 Victorian Poetry 22 131 Simeon chiefly offers up exercises in autohagiography, a peculiarly doomed genre that can but estrange him from the sainthood he hopes his words may underwrite.
2003 National Post (Canada) 28 Apr. a1/1 Jackson retained editorial control over the production and used it to craft an autohagiography which informed us that..he..is adored by every living creature on Earth and popular and famous.
† auto-infectant n. Obsolete rare = autointoxicant n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > agent or medium
infectiona1398
leavena1400
virusa1400
contagion1603
taint1623
fomes1800
conductor1807
infectant1832
zymin1842
contagium1870
noxa1872
pathogen1880
zyme1882
auto-infectant1887
insult1903
1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids Pref. p. iii Their action as auto-infectants.
autoinfection n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɪnˈfɛkʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊᵻnˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊᵻnˈfɛkʃ(ə)n/
[after French auto-infection (1871 or earlier)] Medicine and Biology reinfection with an agent that remains in the body after causing a previous infection; esp. reinfection with a second or subsequent generation of parasites.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > infection
infectinga1398
corruptionc1430
infection1548
infecture1580
contamination1599
smittling1625
zymosis1842
autoinfection1871
mouth infection1903
1871 Med. Times & Gaz. 28 Oct. 520/2 In order to appreciate the greater or less chances of auto-infection, we must take into consideration the general conditions which are opposed to or favour absorption [of sepsine].
1913 Internat. Jrnl. Surg. 26 47/1 Periods of constipation become very intense and the fecal impaction resulting stars an autoinfection in the bowel.
2003 Dis. Aquatic Organisms 57 227 These observations suggest that a mechanism of autoinfection could occur in blood cells and gill tissue, perpetuating the disease in the host.
autoinfective adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɪnˈfɛktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊᵻnˈfɛktɪv/
,
/ˌɑdoʊᵻnˈfɛktɪv/
[ < auto- comb. form1 + infective adj., after autoinfection n.] Medicine and Biology or of relating to autoinfection; causing autoinfection.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective] > infectious
contagiousc1374
infectivea1398
smitting?c1450
infected1480
infectuous1495
infecting1539
infectious1575
smittle1583
catching1594
contaminous1599
taking1608
communicative1741
malignant1822
contaminative1826
zymotic1842
smittling1845
infectant1855
autoinfective1874
catchy1884
toxo-infectious1907
postinfectious1913
1874 Practitioner Feb. 111 It is only..when putridity exists within the uterus or vagina at or very soon after the moment of parturition that the danger of auto-infective absorption arises.
1887 A. M. Brown Treat. Animal Alkaloids iii. i. 136 The body escapes disturbance and disintegration by processes purely auto-infective.
2005 Amer. Jrnl. Trop. Med. & Hygiene 73 122/1 In immunocompromised hosts, the overwhelming accelerated autoinfective cycle [of Strongyloides stercoralis] can potentially lead to a life-threatening illness.
† auto-infra-glottic adj. Obsolete rare designating self-examination of the glottis from below (via a tracheotomy canula).
ΚΠ
1872 J. S. Cohen Dis. Throat 45 A series of auto-infra-glottic examinations.
autoinoculable adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɪˈnɒkjᵿləbl/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊᵻˈnɑkjələb(ə)l/
,
/ˌɑdoʊᵻˈnɑkjələb(ə)l/
[after French auto-inoculable (1860 or earlier); compare earlier autoinoculation n.] Medicine of or relating to autoinoculation; capable of spreading or reproducing itself by autoinoculation.
ΚΠ
1861 Brit. & Foreign Medico-chirurg. Rev. 28 52 It may be communicated from one individual to another, but it is never ‘auto-inoculable’.
1929 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 6 420/2 Acuminate warts are auto-inoculable and extremely persistent if not treated.
2007 J. J. Dutton et al. Diagnostic Atlas Common Eyelid Dis. viii. 206 Lesions may be single, but more typically are multiple (less than 50) because of the autoinoculable nature of the infection.
autoinoculation n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɪnɒkjᵿˈleɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊᵻˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊᵻˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
[after French auto-inoculation (1846 or earlier)] Medicine †(a) deliberate inoculation or vaccination of oneself (obsolete. rare); (b) the transfer or movement of microorganisms from an initial focus of infection to another site within or on the body; an instance of this.
ΚΠ
1847 Lancet 30 Oct. 458/1 I had my choice of three different modes of inoculation,—1st, auto-inoculation; 2nd, inoculation from an affected to a non-affected individual; and 3rdly, inoculation of a syphilitic patient upon himself.
1886 Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic 22 May 626/2 Meanwhile Pasteur was establishing the dependence of boils on the presence of a particular microbe, and thus explaining the unpleasant facility of auto-inoculation with discharges from boils.
1906 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 6 Oct. 846/2 By the autoinoculation of the secretion of the hard chancre in the primary period a proliferative lesion resembling a secondary papule..is produced.
1907 Lancet 24 Aug. 494/2 We must appreciate how the organism reacts to such ‘auto-inoculations’.
2007 D. M. DeHoratius in K. A. Arndt & J. T. S. Hsu Man. Dermatol. Therapeutics (ed. 7) xxiv. 149 The disease [sc. molluscum contagiosum] is contracted from other people by direct contact or through fomites, such as bath sponges and towels, and by autoinoculation.
autointoxicant n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɪnˈtɒksᵻk(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊᵻnˈtɑksək(ə)nt/
,
/ˌɑdoʊᵻnˈtɑksək(ə)nt/
a substance that causes autointoxication; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > toxin > [noun]
toxin1890
autointoxicant1891
autotoxin1894
leucocidin1894
cytotoxin1900
toxon1900
nephrotoxin1902
toxonoid1904
zootoxin1906
leucotoxin1908
phalloidin1909
vivotoxin1953
victorin1954
phalloin1959
bungarotoxin1963
pathotoxin1963
trichothecene1971
1891 Lancet 31 Oct. 1006/2 The next day's (twentieth) proceedings embraced a thesis by Professor Albertoni on the so-called ‘Auto-intoxicants’, as seen in the coma of diabetes and in the effects of fatigue.
1909 Nation 29 Apr. 427/2 They have ceased to get very much excited since they have learned that selfishness and greed are auto-intoxicants.
2008 S. B. Nuland Uncertain Art 138 The stagnant passage of food and stool, slowed down by these so-called Lane's kinks, allowed the autointoxicants to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
auto-intoxicate v.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɪnˈtɒksᵻkeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊᵻnˈtɑksəˌkeɪt/
,
/ˌɑdoʊᵻnˈtɑksəˌkeɪt/
[ < auto- comb. form1 + intoxicate v., after autointoxication n.] transitive to cause autointoxication in; frequently figurative.
ΚΠ
1900 Carolina Med. Jrnl. Apr. 123 As has been aptly said, the followers of this cult have been auto-intoxicated with their own verbiage.
1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience i. 13 If we adopt the assumption,..Carlyle was undoubtedly auto-intoxicated by some organ or other, no matter which.
2005 B. Hatlen in M. Lenz & C. Scott His Dark Materials Illuminated v. 88 Most readers still come away from Paradise Lost with a sense that ‘God’ is auto-intoxicated with His own power, willing to tolerate enormous human suffering.
autointoxication n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊɪnˌtɒksᵻˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊᵻnˌtɑksəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊᵻnˌtɑksəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
†(a) = self-poisoning n. at self- prefix 1b(b) (obsolete. rare); (b) Medicine poisoning by a toxin produced within the body; (also) an instance of this; spec. such poisoning (supposedly) resulting from material within the intestines (now historical); also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [noun] > self-produced
autointoxication1878
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > from within body
autointoxication1878
autopoisoning1883
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > corruption > self-produced
autointoxication1878
1878 tr. H. von Boeck in tr. H. W. von Ziemssen et al. Cycl. Pract. Med. XVII. 777 A remarkable case of auto-intoxication [Ger. Selbstvergiftung] is reported by A. Reid.
1881 Edinb. Med. Jrnl. (1882) 27 i. 476 Such experiences of a sort of autointoxication or autoinfection by lodger-parasites explain bacteriologically the cases of pneumonia after sudden chills.
1901 W. James Memories & Stud. (1911) vii. 163 Slight organic alterations, intoxications, and auto-intoxications.
1928 J. Galsworthy Swan Song i. vii. 55 You suffer from auto-intoxication in that House [i.e. Parliament].
2006 M. Pollan Omnivore's Dilemma xvi. 299 It remains to be seen whether the current Atkins school theory of ketosis..will someday seem quaintly quackish as Kellogg's theory of colonic autointoxication.
autoluminescence n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˌl(j)uːmᵻˈnɛsns/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌluməˈnɛs(ə)ns/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌluməˈnɛs(ə)ns/
the spontaneous emission of light by a substance at room temperature.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > spontaneous emission of light > [noun]
autoluminescence1904
1904 Sci. Amer. 7 May 366/1 Prof. Barker showed a number of photographs which had been developed by the autoluminescence of the minerals which he exhibited.
1938 R. W. Lawson tr. G. von Hevesy & F. A. Paneth Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) xxiv. 242 The rays from radium, themselves invisible, are able to excite substances to emit visible light... This is most strikingly manifested in the phenomenon of autoluminescence.
2002 Plant Physiol. 129 346/2 The luciferase activity values were in the same range as the background values (i.e. the measured autoluminescence of the luciferine substrate).
automimicry n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈmɪmᵻkri/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈmɪmᵻkri/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈmɪmᵻkri/
self-imitation; spec. (a) Psychiatry a condition in which a patient reproduces the symptoms of a disease from which he or she has previously suffered (now disused); (b) Biology any form of biological mimicry (mimicry n. 2) in which there is a resemblance between different parts of the same organism or between individuals of the same species.
ΚΠ
1901 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 28 349 Generally, in place of distracted attention, in place of vague apprehension, in place of auto-mimicry of inspirationless copies, which have heretofore dominated, there has been given a new marshalling of ideas and emotions in the direction of a new goal.
1917 M. D. Eder War-shock iii. 48 Automimicry... It is, I believe, less well recognised that the hysteric may mimic the symptoms of an illness from which he himself has suffered.
1923 C. Morley in H. S. Saunders Parodies Walt Whitman Pref. p. viii Swinburne, a much lesser poet, but more gifted with a sense of absurdity, did some delightful automimicry.
1967 L. P. Brower et al. in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 57 897 The discovery of an intraspecific palatability polymorphism in the monarch butterfly prompts us to advance a new theoretical category of mimicry: automimicry.
2003 New Scientist 30 Aug. 15/1 To look more fearsome, some even embrace automimicry—shaping other parts of their body to look like their actual teeth or horns.
automixis n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈmɪksɪs/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈmɪksᵻs/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈmɪksᵻs/
[after German Automixis (M. Hartmann 1909, in Arch. f. Protistenkunde 14 267)] Biology the fusion of (typically haploid) nuclei or gametes derived from the same individual; self-fertilization; cf. amphimixis n. at amphi- prefix .
ΚΠ
1909 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 47 283 After discussing several instances of automixis in the Protozoa and in the Algæ and Fungi, the author concludes that all the different processes of self-fertilization are to be regarded as reduced and not as primitive processes.
1939 Genetica 21 188 Automixis occurs between the egg-nucleus and the second polocyte.
2004 J. H. Gillespie Population Genetics (ed. 2) vii. 169 In forms of parthenogenesis where meiosis is involved, like automixis, offspring are not identical to their parent and are usually inbred.
autopoisoning n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈpɔɪzn̩ɪŋ/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈpɔɪznɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈpɔɪzn̩ɪŋ/
,
/ˌɔdoʊˈpɔɪznɪŋ/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈpɔɪzn̩ɪŋ/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈpɔɪznɪŋ/
(a) Medicine = autointoxication n. (rare); (b) Chemistry the inactivation of a catalyst by a substrate; the slowing or blocking of a chemical reaction by this means; frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > from within body
autointoxication1878
autopoisoning1883
1883 Mass. Eclectic Med. Jrnl. 3 234 Auto-poisoning is a common source of disease.
1924 Chambers's Jrnl. 773/2 Constipation is..responsible for more ultimate disease or auto-poisoning than anything else.
1927 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. ii. 2995 (title) An auto-poisoning phenomenon shown by catalytically active copper at moderate temperatures.
1970 Jrnl. Catalysis 17 348/2 It is well known that in the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene, ethylene acts as an autopoisoning agent.
1997 Appl. Catalysis B. 12 69 When olefins begin oxidation..by oxygen and NO their autopoisoning disappears and conversion of CO is reestablished.
autopoisonous adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈpɔɪzn̩əs/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈpɔɪznəs/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈpɔɪzn̩əs/
,
/ˌɔdoʊˈpɔɪznəs/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈpɔɪzn̩əs/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈpɔɪznəs/
rare containing an intrinsic poison.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [adjective] > poisonous to the organism which forms it
autotoxic1883
autopoisonous1902
1902 A. H. Buck Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. (rev. ed.) IV. 184/1 Those articles in which the poison is of endogenous origin can hardly be designated as foods, although it may be very convenient to speak of them as auto-poisonous.
† autoprothesis n. [compare German Autoprothese (1881 or earlier)] Obsolete rare the construction of a prosthesis from a patient's own tissue; cf. prothesis n. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > prosthesis > [noun]
prosthesis1706
prothesis1707
autoprothesis1881
prosthetics1894
1881 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Jan. 171/1 This is certainly a remarkable example of what is technically described as dental autoprothesis with aurification.
† autopsychographize v. [ < autopsychography n. + -ize suffix] Obsolete transitive to submit to autopsychography (autopsychography n.).Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
c1833 W. H. Brookfield Let. in H. Tennyson Alfred Ld. Tennyson: Mem. (1897) I. v. 126 At autopsychography I am not good, if I had any idiopsychology to autopsychographize.
autopsychography n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)sʌɪˈkɒɡrəfi/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌsaɪˈkɑɡrəfi/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌsaɪˈkɑɡrəfi/
an account of one's psychological outlook or development written by oneself; this as a process or genre; cf. psychography n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychological study of oneself > [noun] > psychological biography of oneself
autopsychographyc1833
c1833 W. H. Brookfield Let. in H. Tennyson Alfred Ld. Tennyson: Mem. (1897) I. v. 126 At autopsychography I am not good, if I had any idiopsychology to autopsychographize.
1903 W. H. Hudson Rousseau xi. 246 The literature of intimate self-delineation..really took its rise in the first great modern example of autopsychography,—the Confessions.
1940 E. Gill Autobiogr. 7 The only kind of autobiography I can possibly write must be an autopsychography, a record of mental experience.
2006 V. Ruland Living Out Questions Prol. p. iv A confession, apologia, or auto-psychography.
auto-psychology n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)sʌɪˈkɒlədʒi/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌsaɪˈkɑlədʒi/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌsaɪˈkɑlədʒi/
the study or analysis of one's own psychology.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychological study of oneself > [noun]
autology1633
auto-psychology1874
introspective psychology1878
autoanalysis1893
introspectionism1922
1874 D. G. Rossetti Dante & Circle i. 1 The Vita Nuova (the Autobiography or Autopsychology of Dante's youth).
1888 Amer. Homeopathist Jan. 19 I shall merely have to enter into a little auto-psychology.
1959 Times 28 May 15/4 It is for the most part a résumé of his previous writings..and there is less auto-psychology about it than one could have wished.
1999 Artists & Illustrators Sept. 21/3 I believe in auto-psychology.
autoreactive adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)rɪˈaktɪv/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊriˈæktɪv/
,
/ˌɑdoʊriˈæktɪv/
Medicine reacting against an individual's own tissues; autoimmune, autoaggressive.
ΚΠ
1960 J. D. Vaughan in J. L. Hollander et al. Arthritis & Allied Conditions (ed. 6) xxxi. 575 It is possible that there is some primary metabolic fault in the lymph tissue itself, leading to production of the numerous autoreactive substances.
1993 New Scientist 18 Sept. 16/1 But in people with MS, some of these cells turn ‘autoreactive’: they invade the central nervous system and attack the myelin sheath that encases and protects nerves.
2009 Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 260 392 To prevent autoimmunity, regulatory T cells suppress the activity of the autoreactive effector T cells, but they also interrupt normal immune reactions against foreign antigens.
autoreceptor n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)rᵻˈsɛptə/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊrəˈsɛptər/
,
/ˌɑdoʊrəˈsɛptər/
Physiology a receptor for a substance, esp. a neurotransmitter, that is located on a cell that secretes the substance.
ΚΠ
1975 A. Carlsson in E. Udsin & W. E. Bunney Pre- & Postsynaptic Receptors 51 The term ‘presynaptic receptor’ is hardly adequate. It should perhaps be replaced by ‘autoreceptor’, since the important feature is the neuron's sensitivity to its own transmitter substance.
1994 Amer. Scientist Oct. 463/1 It is well established that the activity of serotonin neurons is under negative feedback control, in which the released serotonin molecules bind to the so-called autoreceptor on the releasing cell and acts to inhibit the cell's activity.
autosensitization n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)sɛnsᵻtʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌsɛnsəˌtaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌsɛnsəˌtaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
(also autosensitisation) Medicine (a) sensitization to a foreign antigen already present within the body (now rare or disused); (b) the development or production of autoimmunity or autoallergy; cf. autoimmunization n.
ΚΠ
1911 Jrnl. Med. Res. 24 390 Many of the symptoms of active tuberculosis are due to this condition which, in the infected individual, we may call auto-sensitization.
1964 W. G. Smith Allergy & Tissue Metabolism i. 8 In cases where no previous history of contact with an external allergen has been obtained, it has been suggested that hypersensitivity is the result of allergens produced endogenously. The phenomenon is then described as autosensitisation.
2001 S. Sell Immunol., Immunopathol., & Immunity (ed. 6) xiii. 445 It is postulated that there is an autosensitization to myelin, and a number of observations indicate that the demyelination is T cell dependent.
autosexed adj.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)sɛkst/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌsɛkst/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌsɛkst/
(of a chick or breed of poultry) that has been or can be sexed by the presence of a sex-linked trait.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [adjective] > having sexes distinguishable at birth
autosexing1936
auto-sex linkage1936
autosexed1941
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > [adjective] > autosex
autosexing1936
auto-sex linkage1936
autosexed1941
1941 E. B. Fred & C. N. Frey in Research: National Resource (National Res. Council (U.S.) National Resources Planning Board) II. vi. iii. 265/1 At least one well-known hatchery has been offering autosexed chicks for sale on the basis of this genetic test.
1960 Jrnl. Farm Econ. 42 71 Twelve Delaware X New Hampshire autosexed chicks containing an equal number of males and females were included in each group.
2007 J. Hobson & C. Lewis Keeping Chickens 32/3 The cross between a Rhode Island Red cockerel and a Light Sussex hen also produces auto-sexed chicks.
autosexing adj.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)sɛksɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌsɛksɪŋ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌsɛksɪŋ/
(of a chick or breed of poultry) that can be sexed by the presence of a sex-linked trait.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [adjective] > having sexes distinguishable at birth
autosexing1936
auto-sex linkage1936
autosexed1941
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > [adjective] > autosex
autosexing1936
auto-sex linkage1936
autosexed1941
1936 tr. A. L. Hagedoorn in Sci. Rep. VIth World's Poultry Congr. III. 54 (title) The autosexing Barnevelder, and the autosexing Leghorn, two new breeds.
1941 Poultry Sci. 20 317/2 The third..method for distinguishing sex at hatching is the production of auto-sexing (self-sexing) varieties.
1990 J. Butler Old & Rare Breeds Poultry 91 The Cambars, Legbars, and related auto-sexing breeds, so long and patiently evolved at the Research Station at Cambridge..were received with great enthusiasm, but are now rarely kept.
auto-sex linkage n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)sɛks ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌsɛks ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌsɛks ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ/
now rare the occurrence of a sex-linked trait in poultry, typically affecting plumage pattern or colour, by which the male and female chicks may be distinguished, esp. at or soon after hatching.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > genus Gallus (domestic fowl) > [adjective] > having sexes distinguishable at birth
autosexing1936
auto-sex linkage1936
autosexed1941
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > [adjective] > autosex
autosexing1936
auto-sex linkage1936
autosexed1941
1936 M. Pease in Sci. Rep. VIth World's Poultry Congr. III. 59 On Brown stripe downs the barred factor in the homozygous state (male) produces a far greater effect than it does in the heterozygous state (female)... This is the principle underlying auto-sexlinkage.
1941 Poultry Sci. 20 317/1 Auto-sex linkage is a name given to the phenomenon of simple and positive sex differences apparent among baby chicks of a fixed breed, not crossbreds.
autoshaping n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ʃeɪpɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌʃeɪpɪŋ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌʃeɪpɪŋ/
Psychology a type of conditioning (conditioning n. 4) in which the repeated pairing of a conditioned with an unconditioned stimulus leads to the acquisition of a conditioned operant response despite the absence of direct reinforcement of that response.
ΚΠ
1968 P. L. Brown & H. M. Jenkins in Jrnl. Exper. Anal. Behav. 11 7/1 In our present view, the emergence of the key-peck may be characterized as a process of auto-shaping on which a direction is imposed by the species-specific tendency of the pigeon to peck at the things it looks at.
2007 J. E. Staddon in A. Bejan & G. W. Merkx Constructural Theory of Social Dynamics viii. 167 In autoshaping, a disk is briefly illuminated just before food is delivered. The hungry pigeon soon comes to peck the lit disk.
autotherapist n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈθɛrəpəst/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈθɛrəpəst/
[ < auto- comb. form1 + therapist n., after autotherapy n.] a person who practises autotherapy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] > attending specific patients > self
autotherapist1913
1913 Proc. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 49 402 We have with us a number of gentlemen probably familiar with the conditions under which the doctor worked, including a number of autotherapists.
1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Sept. 507/1 The autotherapists, conscious or unconscious, who compulsively at the end of each day make their confessions to their journal.
2007 P. Horden in B. S. Bowers Medieval Hosp. & Med. Pract. iii. ix. 140 The scope of medicine broadens so that it extends beyond the efforts of people (doctors, nurses, auto-therapists) to the effects of things.
autotherapy n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈθɛrəpi/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈθɛrəpi/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈθɛrəpi/
therapy applied by a person to himself or herself.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [noun] > treatment of oneself
autotherapy1885
1885 G. H. Taylor Pelvic & Hernial Therapeutics iii. xix. 219 Two months from the commencement of this auto-therapy of the child, the protrusion was found to be entirely reduced.
1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. §8. 197 This great German mind..was incapable of autotherapy, and let its sickness have its way with it.
1995 A. Clej Geneal. Mod. Self vi. 125 The essay..and the diary may be viewed as the rudiments of a method that functions..as a form of autotherapy.
autotoxaemia n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)tɒkˈsiːmɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌtɑkˈsimiə/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌtɑkˈsimiə/
(also autotoxemia) now rare the presence of an autotoxin in the blood; autointoxication.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of blood > [noun] > blood poisoning
defoedation1583
blood poisoning1844
septicaemia1844
pyaemia1850
septaemia1851
toxaemia1860
ichorrhaemia1867
sapraemia1879
autotoxaemia1890
stercoraemia1890
toxanaemia1891
nosotoxicosis1892
toxinaemia1900
azotaemia1961
1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. I Autotoxæmia.
1924 Psyche July 67 A form of blood poisoning due to the development of autotoxaemia from over indulgence in flesh foods.
2000 J. Green Herbal Medicine-maker's Handbk. (2002) i. 18/2 Use as a blood purifier to treat chronic auto-toxemia which is contributing to rheumatism [etc.].
autotoxication
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)tɒksᵻˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌtɑksəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌtɑksəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
now rare = autointoxication n.
ΚΠ
1888 Western Med. Reporter 10 69/2 Auto toxication. If we turn now from poisons from without to poisons from within, we find that within certain limits the excretory poisons serve to stimulate physiological action in the nature of combative resistance.
1901 J. Hart Argonaut Lett. 375 When..the artist, like Narcissus, becomes so enamored of his own creation that he weeps over its intense pathos, artistic auto-toxication becomes maudlinism.
1988 Burns 14 26/1 Several research groups have independently and by different methods demonstrated the reality of autotoxication after severe cutaneous burns.
Categories »
b. Genetics. Forming nouns and adjectives denoting polyploid conditions resulting from the presence of multiples of the same basic chromosome set, as autopolyploid n., autotetraploid n. Cf. allo- comb. form 3.
2.
a. Prefixed to the names of mechanical and electronic devices with the sense ‘that functions automatically’.
ΚΠ
1877 Echo 22 Oct. 4/1 Besides the old-fashioned carbon paper..we have the papyrograph, the auto-polygraph, the autographic, and various other systems of so-called printing.
1885 Chem. News 29 May 262/1 On a new battery, the auto-accumulator.—M. Jablochkoff.
1898 Daily News 22 Jan. 3/2 A so-called auto-regulator, the object of which is to maintain the straight course of torpedoes.
1903 Daily Chron. 25 Sept. 3/2 A novelty in cash registers is..the ‘Auto-Check’.
1919 Kindergarten-Primary Mag. Nov. 81/1 The hands on the little auto-clock were right together.
1949 Q. Jrnl. Forestry 43 26 A new model..auto-scythe, with independent wheel drive was demonstrated cutting bracken.
2003 J. Turner & K. Bedell Struts i. 8 Other people might rush down to their local hardware store and buy the fanciest laser-leveled battery-powered auto-hammer they could get.
b. In established compounds.
auto-alarm n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtəʊəlɑːm/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊəˌlɑrm/
,
/ˈɑdoʊəˌlɑrm/
an automatic fire alarm, burglar alarm, etc.; spec. a ship's alarm which transmits a distress signal by radio when triggered.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > [noun] > alarm signal generally > distress signal
auto-alarm1899
1899 Chicago Tribune Nov. 4 14/3 The report of the Auto-Alarm committee was referred to the Executive committee.
1927 Glasgow Herald 18 July 10 The object of the auto-alarm is to ensure that the call shall be received by the smaller ships and that no wireless distress calls shall be missed by any ship owing to the operator being off duty.
1954 Times 18 Mar. 14/3 A new and more advanced automatic-alarm receiver which..responds automatically if the auto-alarm signal is received.
2002 N. Thorpe 8 Men & Duck 2003 ix. 141 What would happen if our dented radar reflectors failed to trip the ship's auto-alarm?
autobox n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)bɒks/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌbɑks/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌbɑks/
colloquial = auto gearbox n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > transmission > specific gear > gear-box
gear-box1887
box1891
gear-case1896
manual1962
autobox1977
1977 Custom Car Nov. 13/2 The 2.0 clocked a respectable 101mph on 99bhp even with an autobox.
2000 Pract. Classics June 47/2 But this low-tech engine delivers just 123bhp, and the three-speed autobox..absorbs a good proportion of that.
autobracketing n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌbrakətɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌbrækədɪŋ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌbrækədɪŋ/
Photography a facility by which a camera automatically takes a number of photographs at different settings when the shutter is pressed once.
ΚΠ
1985 Sci. Amer. Dec. 7 (advt.) Minolta proudly introduces the professional Maxxum Autofocus SLR System... Program back Super 90 for auto bracketing and multi spot-metering.
1992 Camera & Darkroom Feb. 69/2 The T2 won't do multiple exposures or autobracketing.
2003 Amer. Photo July–Aug. 57/1 With all this..plus AE compensation and autobracketing, the Rebel Ti sells for the same price as its predecessor.
auto-change n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)tʃeɪn(d)ʒ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌtʃeɪndʒ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌtʃeɪndʒ/
= autochanger n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > auto-changer
record changer1921
autochanger1934
auto-change1941
changer1952
1941 Times 31 Dec. 1/4 (advt.) H.M.V., 10 valves, 5 Wave Band Radio-Gram, auto change.
1959 ‘E. Peters’ Death Mask i. 17 We hadn't got an auto-change on the old radiogram.
2006 Independent (Nexis) 10 Jan. 5 You'll find climate control,..electric windows and CD autochange.
autochanger n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌtʃeɪn(d)ʒə/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌtʃeɪndʒər/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌtʃeɪndʒər/
a mechanism or device which automatically changes one record, compact disc, etc., for another during use.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > sound recording and reproduction > sound recording or reproducing equipment > [noun] > record-playing equipment > auto-changer
record changer1921
autochanger1934
auto-change1941
changer1952
1934 Times 2 July 21/7 (advt.) Hampton radiogram... Speaker with tone control, Garrard's motor and auto changer.
1944 Gramophone Apr. 174/3 (advt.) Specially constructed Connoisseur Radiogram with twin auto changers.
1986 Network World 13 Oct. 41/4 An image storage controller that maintains the optical disk auto-changer, or ‘jukebox’.
2008 Esquire Mar. 22 Alloys as standard and a touchscreen radio/CD autochanger.
autocoherer n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)kə(ʊ)ˌhɪərə/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊkoʊˌhɪrər/
,
/ˈɑdoʊkoʊˌhɪrər/
Radio (now historical) a coherer that does not need to be tapped in order to be reset.
ΚΠ
1903 Cassier's Mag. 24 167/1 This auto-coherer was used by Marconi in his first experiments in transatlantic wireless telegraphy.
1918 H. A. Foster Electr. Engineer's Pocket-bk. (ed. 7) 1066 An improved form of mercury auto-coherer is shown.
2001 P. J. Nahin Sci. of Radio (ed. 2) 56 In the summer of 1901 Marconi had been given..a newly developed autocoherer made from a drop of mercury positioned between an adjustable iron plug and fixed carbon plug, sealed in a glass tube.
auto-converter n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)kənˌvəːtə/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊkənˌvərdər/
,
/ˈɑdoʊkənˌvərdər/
= autotransformer n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > transformer > [noun] > auto-transformer
compensator1873
auto-converter1888
autotransformer1893
Variac1933
1888 Abstr. Proc. Soc. Arts 1887–8 (Mass. Inst. Technol.) 46 Comparing the maximum loss in this auto-converter with that in the standard induction coil under full load, at equal cost for coils, we have, for standard coil, a waste of energy as follows [etc.].
1912 Automobile 21 Nov. 1049/1 As electric source, either a storage battery or a light current with a suitable autoconverter may be used.
1995 U.S. Patent 5,408,402 4 The secondary circuit of the auto converter, proceeding from the secondary winding 52, thereby contains the rectifier diode.
auto cook n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtəʊ kʊk/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊ ˌkʊk/
,
/ˈɑdoʊ ˌkʊk/
a facility on a microwave oven which automatically selects the correct cooking time and temperature when programmed by the user for a particular type or weight of food.
ΚΠ
1978 Los Angeles Times 17 Dec. (Classified section) 1/8 (advt.) Panasonic multi-matic w/Auto Cook by time & temp.
2006 Independent (Nexis) 7 Oct. (Features section) 4 There are five microwave settings, plus auto cook and defrost functions.
auto-defrost n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊdᵻˈfrɒst/
,
/ˌɔːtəʊˈdiːfrɒst/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊdəˈfrɔst/
,
/ˌɔdoʊdəˈfrɑst/
,
/ˌɑdoʊdəˈfrɔst/
,
/ˌɑdoʊdəˈfrɑst/
,
/ˌɔdoʊˈdiˌfrɔst/
,
/ˌɔdoʊˈdiˌfrɑst/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈdiˌfrɔst/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈdiˌfrɑst/
(a) a facility which enables a refrigerator or freezer periodically to defrost itself automatically; (b) a facility on a microwave oven which automatically selects the correct cooking time and temperature to defrost frozen food; cf. auto cook n.
ΚΠ
1940 Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin) 19 June 6/2 (advt.) Gold seal model. Meat keeper, handi-bin, auto-defrost.
1988 Which? Dec. 567/1 You can buy compact ovens with simple or sophisticated controls—the latter include programmable cooking and auto defrost.
2001 Log Home Design Jan. 4/1 It [sc. the microwave] features a removable turntable, 10 power levels, auto-defrost, [etc.].
2008 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 23 Nov. A silver freezer with auto-defrost .
auto-everything n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊˈɛv(ə)rɪθɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈɛvriˌθɪŋ/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈɛvriˌθɪŋ/
(a) n. a profusion of automatic devices or functions; (b) adj. designating a device (esp. a camera) with many automatic functions.
ΚΠ
1913 H. T. Finck Food & Flavor vi. 195 Then came the era of auto pianos and automobiles and auto everything.
1977 High Fidelity Jan. 152 (advt.) For the button-pusher. The totally automatic 6200. It's auto-everything. Auto start. Auto return and shut off.
1991 Photographer Sept. 26/1 The amateur..will..switch on the auto-focus, auto-exposure, auto-white balance and the auto-everything.
1997 Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 4 Jan. 1 e The new auto-everything camera you unwrapped for Christmas.
2004 J. Schwartz Troubled Sea 282 One of those new smart alecky auto-everything radios.
auto-exposure n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊᵻkˈspəʊʒə/
,
/ˌɔːtəʊɛkˈspəʊʒə/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊɪkˈspoʊʒər/
,
/ˌɔdoʊɛkˈspoʊʒər/
,
/ˌɑdoʊɪkˈspoʊʒər/
,
/ˌɑdoʊɛkˈspoʊʒər/
chiefly Photography a facility by which the most appropriate exposure is used automatically when a picture is taken.
ΚΠ
1959 Independent (Long Beach, Calif.) 30 Jan. b 9/1 Keystone K25-AX 8mm Movie Camera. Complete with ultra fast f3.9 lens and Auto Exposure.
1985 Radio Times 14 Sept. 34 (advt.) With the addition of auto focus, auto exposure.., and a handy sliding cover to protect the lens.
2005 H. Horenstein Black & White Photogr. (ed. 3) vi. 83 With program autoexposure, the camera sets both the f-stop and shutter speed automatically.
auto-fade n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)feɪd/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌfeɪd/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌfeɪd/
a facility on a video camera, music player or recorder, etc., which automatically fades an image or the volume in or out; cf. fade v.1 7, fade v.1 9a and auto fade-in n., auto fade-out n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > recording or reproducing sound or visual material > [noun] > playback equipment > specific facility
fast forward1947
edit1953
pause button1957
pause control1957
freeze-frame1961
pause1965
review1969
slo-mo1969
auto-fade1977
cue1978
1977 Los Angeles Times 18 Feb. iii. 4/3 (advt.) The Minolta XL-660 Super-8 sound system camera... Auto fade of picture and sound.
2006 PC Mag. (Nexis) 5 June Session lacks envelope editing that would let you control the volume anywhere in the track but does provide auto-fade for ending songs.
auto fade-in n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ) ˈfeɪdɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊ ˈfeɪdˌɪn/
,
/ˌɑdoʊ ˈfeɪdˌɪn/
a facility on a video camera, music player or recorder, etc., which automatically fades in an image or the volume; cf. fade-in at fade n.1 2.
ΚΠ
1970 N.Y. Times 6 Oct. 14 (advt.) Become a professional movie maker with the Konica Super-8... Automatic film speed..setting, Auto fade in/fade out, [etc.].
2009 Radio (Nexis) 1 Apr. 58 This professional CD player plays and records standard CD-R and CD-RW discs. Other features include..auto track increment, auto-cue, auto fade-in and out.
auto fade-out n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ) ˈfeɪdaʊt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊ ˈfeɪdˌaʊt/
,
/ˌɑdoʊ ˈfeɪdˌaʊt/
a facility on a video camera, music player or recorder, etc., which automatically fades out an image or the volume; cf. fade-out n. 1.
ΚΠ
1970 N.Y. Times 6 Oct. 14 (advt.) Become a professional movie maker with the Konica Super-8... Automatic film speed..setting, Auto fade in/fade out, [etc.].
2002 Re: Vinyl to CD in alt.guitar.bass (Usenet newsgroup) 4 Aug. For noise between tracks, I just clip it out and replace with silence, and I use the auto fade-out at the end of songs.
Autofill n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)fɪl/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌfɪl/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌfɪl/
Computing a software facility which automatically fills text fields in a web page, document, etc.
ΚΠ
1991 Computer Reseller News (Nexis) 23 Dec. 1 The Autofill feature automates insertion of column and row headers.
2006 S. Milstein et al. Google: Missing Man. (ed. 2) vi. 184 AutoFill can save you scads of time filling out order forms and other pages on the Web.
autoflare n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)flɛː/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌflɛ(ə)r/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌflɛ(ə)r/
Aeronautics an automatic landing system for aircraft for use in the later stages of a descent.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > controls and instruments > [noun] > automatic landing preparation device
autoflare1959
1959 Flight 4 Sept. 154/1 Consideration has been given in the autopilot installation to the use of auto-flare and auto-landing.
1963 Times 19 Apr. 11/6 On the Trident and VC 10 it is proposed to use the equipment in stages, the first being autoflare, in which the aircraft is brought down to the height at which it levels off for landing.
2006 R. P. G. Collinson Introd. Avionics Syst. (ed. 2) viii. 417 As mentioned earlier, the auto-flare is initiated at a height of around 50 ft where the aircraft is over or very near the runway threshold.
auto flash n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ) flaʃ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊ ˌflæʃ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊ ˌflæʃ/
Photography a facility by which a flash is automatically operated when there is insufficient ambient light for a photograph.
ΚΠ
1968 U.S. Patent 3,368,468 6 Automatic flash system... The movable contact of the switch is brought into connection with the contact identified as ‘auto-flash’.
1994 Denver Post 15 Dec. a18 Auto flash with fill-flash and red-eye reduction.
2003 Amer. Photo May–June 86/1 Snapshooters were getting used to features like autoexposure and autoflash when the C35AF came along with autofocus.
auto-follow adj. and n. as adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈfɒləʊ/
,
U.S. /ˈˌɔdoʊˈfɑloʊ/
,
/ˈˌɑdoʊˈfɑloʊ/
as n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌfɒləʊ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌfɑloʊ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌfɑloʊ/
Radar (now chiefly historical) (a) adj. = auto-following adj. and n. (a); (b) n. = automatic following n. at automatic adj. and n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > other methods or operations > radar > types of
radio sounding1922
auto-following1946
automatic following1946
shoran1946
auto-follow1947
pulse radar1947
colidar1961
1947 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 94 iia. 183/2 The general principle of the auto-follow unit consists in modulating two d.c. radar output signals.
1961 Aeroplane 101 75/1 Auto-follow is manually initiated by means of ‘rolling-ball’ type controls.
1991 B. Lovell Echoes of War vii. 74 At last the workshops finished modifying the auto-follow mechanism so that we could test it in elevation and azimuth.
1993 S. Bennett Hist. Control Engin. 1930–55 vi. 149 Ludbrook had designed auto-follow for the searchlight radar systems in 1940–41.
auto-following adj. and n. as adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈˌɔdoʊˈfɑloʊɪŋ/
,
/ˈˌɑdoʊˈfɑloʊɪŋ/
as n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌfɒləʊɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌfɑloʊɪŋ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌfɑloʊɪŋ/
Radar (now chiefly historical) (a) adj. (esp. of radar) that automatically follows a target; (b) n. = auto-follow adj. and n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [noun] > other methods or operations > radar > types of
radio sounding1922
auto-following1946
automatic following1946
shoran1946
auto-follow1947
pulse radar1947
colidar1961
1946 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 93 iii. 17/1 (heading) Auto-following radar sets.
1948 D. Taylor & C. H. Westcott Princ. Radar iv. 62 Any equipment which needs to track one selected target only usually benefits considerably by being fitted with auto-following.
1952 Aeronautics June 59/2 An autofollowing sextant.
1993 S. R. Twigge Early Devel. Guided Missiles United Kingdom 1940–1960 v. 101 RRDE was also responsible for the development of the auto-following radar.
2000 R. W. Burns Life & Times A. D. Blumlein xiii. 368 Auto-following was..utilized in practically all S and X band GL radars.
auto gearbox n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ) ˈɡɪəbɒks/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊ ˈɡɪrˌbɑks/
,
/ˌɑdoʊ ˈɡɪrˌbɑks/
an automatic gearbox for a motor vehicle; cf. automatic adj. 2e.
ΚΠ
1962 Motor Sport June 482/2 (advt.) Jaguar XK140 fixed-head coupe... Superb black, rare auto gearbox, radio, heater.
2000 Adv. Driving (Inst. Adv. Motorists) Summer 50/1 Big executive cars must have air conditioning, an auto gearbox and leather seats to have any hope of achieving a decent used price.
autohelm n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)hɛlm/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌhɛlm/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌhɛlm/
(also with capital initial) (a proprietary name for) an automatic steering system on a boat or ship.
ΚΠ
1973 Los Angeles Times 1 Mar. viii. 7/6 Other student products included a self-steering ‘auto-helm’ for sailboats.
1981 J. French Electr. & Electronics for Small Craft (ed. 2) vii. 124 Even the smallest boats are well provided for by the Autohelm which has been developed mechanically and electronically so that the power required is minimal.
2004 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 27 July 12 We haven't got an autohelm, so we're taking turns steering which is very tiring.
auto-iris n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtəʊʌɪrɪs/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌaɪrəs/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌaɪrəs/
chiefly Photography a facility by which the iris of a camera is adjusted automatically when a picture is taken.
ΚΠ
1941 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 4 June d7/4 (advt.) Graflex... Auto iris, $150.
1987 Pract. Photogr. Dec. 15/4 You'll lose the auto-iris facility, ie the lens won't close down automatically when the shutter is fired.
2001 P. Wheeler Digital Cinematogr. 46 I found that by setting the auto-iris to have a slow reaction I could safely leave it switched on.
auto locking n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ) ˈlɒkɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊ ˈlɑkɪŋ/
,
/ˌɑdoʊ ˈlɑkɪŋ/
(a) adj. that locks automatically; (b) n. a feature or function which enables automatic locking of something (now esp. a car).
ΚΠ
1911 Colorado Springs Gaz. 1 Dec. 2/3 New Champion, auto locking and squaring hinge.
1951 Times 5 Nov. 6/1 (advt.) Fitted full-length auto-locking drawers.
1976 Los Angeles Times 25 Apr. (Home Mag.) 75/1 (advt.) Hitachi's FT-920 tuner, has easy-to-read meters, FM/AM bands and auto-locking.
2008 Central Somerset Gaz. (Nexis) 19 June 57 The new Acenta S special edition..features a raft of additional equipment including climate control, a six-CD autochanger with MP3 connection, auto locking and special edition interior trim.
auto-lube n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)l(j)uːb/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌlub/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌlub/
a mechanism on a machine for automatically lubricating a chain, engine, or other part.
ΚΠ
1955 Amer. Motorcyclist 39/2 On machines without this form of auto lube, oil-can lubrication or application of chain lube every few hundred miles is advisable.
1984 Jrnl. Operational Res. Soc. 35 971 The parts of the vehicles which are least affected by the P.M. schedules are the steering, bodywork, wheels and tyres, transmission, auto-lube and battery.
2001 Automatic Machining Apr. 62/1 An auto-lube system continuously lubricates the slideways, ballscrews and spindle to ensure long service life and maximum accuracy.
auto-off n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtəʊˈɒf/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈɔf/
,
/ˌɔdoʊˈɑf/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈɔf/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈɑf/
a facility which automatically turns off a device, machine, etc., esp. after a preset period of time.
ΚΠ
1968 High Fidelity Jan. 55/2 The auto-off position of the power switch lets you turn on the system by starting the record changer; when the last record is played, the system shuts itself off.
1979 Pop. Sci. Dec. 92/2 Auto off. Shuts off the flash if you forget to.
2010 Entertainment Business Newsweekly (Nexis) 3 Jan. 86 Libre provides the most affordable product in the category, featuring superior battery life with up to 24 hours of continuous use, auto-off and page advance features, MP3 and photo support.
auto-repeat n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)rᵻˌpiːt/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊrəˌpit/
,
/ˈɔdoʊriˌpit/
,
/ˈɑdoʊrəˌpit/
,
/ˈɑdoʊriˌpit/
a facility on a device, machine, etc., which automatically repeats an operation; spec. a function on a tape player, digital music player, etc., which automatically repeats the track or sequence of tracks just played; the setting which enables this.
ΚΠ
1964 Science 10 Jan. 91 (advt.) The features you've asked for..all in one analyzer... Percent loss meter, auto-repeat, manual address advance, [etc.].
1974 Pop. Mech. Apr. 141/1 (caption) Eight-track cartridge decks are getting plushier... Dolby with FM switch, fast-wind, auto eject, auto repeat and recording pause control.
1985 Listener 2 May 35/3 As a typewriter-user, I know what ‘centring’ and ‘auto repeat’ meant.
2007 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 19 Mar. It's the latest pop song teenagers everywhere have on auto-repeat.
auto-return n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)rᵻˈtəːn/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊrəˈtərn/
,
/ˌɔdoʊriˈtərn/
,
/ˌɑdoʊrəˈtərn/
,
/ˌɑdoʊriˈtərn/
a facility on a record player by which the pick-up arm is returned automatically to its resting place after a record has played to the end.
ΚΠ
1972 Times 21 Oct. 5/2 (advt.) The turntable has been thoroughly tested, offers 2 speeds and auto-return.
1981 Hi-Fi Ann. & Test '81 45/1 The deck has auto-return facility and a reject button allows the arm to be lifted at any time.
2003 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 6 Sept. (Shopwatch section) 102 A belt-drive unit, the TT-1 is a mini-turntable with..auto return.
auto reverse n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ) rᵻˈvəːs/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊ rəˈvərs/
,
/ˌɔdoʊ riˈvərs/
,
/ˌɑdoʊ rəˈvərs/
,
/ˌɑdoʊ riˈvərs/
a facility on an audio tape player allowing the reverse side of a tape to play automatically once the first side has finished; frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1967 N.Y. Times 18 June 40 r/7 (advt.) Sony 660 auto reverse prof. 4 tr. recorder.
1992 Which? Dec. 13/1 All the models included in our tests had fast-forward, rewind and auto-reverse (to play the other side of the tape without physically turning it over).
2005 Radio (Nexis) Sept. 16 Other features include optional VHF or UHF diversity receiver plug-in modules, an optional auto-reverse cassette player and recorder module.
auto-rewind n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈriːwʌɪnd/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈriˌwaɪnd/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈriˌwaɪnd/
a facility by which something unwound is automatically rewound; spec. the facility by which a film or tape is automatically wound back to the start when the end is reached.
ΚΠ
1949 Los Angeles Times 25 Apr. i. 16/4 (advt.) The Hiawatha 'Warrior' is the leader in a 5-horse-power outboard motor... One-pull (auto rewind) 'E-Z' starter.
1952 N.Y. Times 27 Jan. ii. 15/6 Peerless Camera Stores... Victor 40 16mm sound projector... Auto rewind.
1973 Pop. Mech. Oct. 141/2 This new deck has third-head, off-the-tape monitoring..and auto rewind after each play.
2008 S. Webster et al. Found. ActionScript 3.0 with Flash CS3 & Flex iv. 159 If the autoRewind property is set to true, the animation will loop.
autosampler n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌsɑːmplə/
,
/ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌsamplə/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌsæmp(ə)lər/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌsæmp(ə)lər/
a device or apparatus that collects, prepares, or processes samples automatically.
ΚΠ
1916 Bull. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers Aug. 1334 (in figure) Auto Sampler→Concentrate Bin.
1967 Lipids 2 351 (title) An autosampler for solvent-free sample introduction into a gas chromatograph.
1990 Internat. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 19 1093/1 Lead, arsenic, and cadmium were analysed by flame atomic absorption with a graphite furnace and autosampler.
2007 New Scientist 26 May 70/1 (advt.) Primarily responsible for calibrating and maintaining water quality monitoring stations (sondes and autosamplers), you will also be involved in significant routine field work.
auto-scan n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)skan/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌskæn/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌskæn/
a device or facility for automatically scanning something; a scan performed by such means.
ΚΠ
1956 C. M. Lewis & W. H. Offenhauser Microrecording viii. 242 The Auto-Scan. This device holds jacket cards in position for automatic scanning.
1961 Science 24 Mar. 916/2 This greatly simplified system features regulated high voltage supply as part of the counting ratemeter auto-scan system.
1988 A. C. Clarke 2061 199 He started the autoscan, and a succession of beeps and whistles, separated by short silences as the tuner rejected them one by one in its swift climb up the radio spectrum, echoed round the little cabin.
2009 Arizona Daily Sun (Nexis) 29 June By re-programming or conducting an auto-scan on your television set, you can see if those channels are available in analog.
autothrottle n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌθrɒtl/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌθrɑd(ə)l/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌθrɑd(ə)l/
a throttle which automatically controls the flow of fuel to an engine or motor; spec. one in an aircraft which serves to maintain a chosen flight parameter, such as speed or thrust.
ΚΠ
1946 R. B. Way Contractors' Plant & Machinery vi. 125 The receiver air also passes to the auto-throttle, shutting down the engine to a slow tick-over, until the pressure falls once again.
1960 Flight 19 Feb. 235 (caption) Auto throttle controlled by airspeed error and pitch attitude changes demanded by autopilot.
1988 Canad. Aviation May 18/1 The autothrottles were disengaged and the power was quickly reduced for the landing flare.
2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 26 June a9/2 The pilots of the TAM flight lost information on speed and altitude in cruise flight. The autopilot and auto throttle also disconnected.
auto-timer n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)ˌtʌɪmə/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌtaɪmər/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌtaɪmər/
an automatic timer; esp. one which switches a device on or off at a preset time.
ΚΠ
1916 Bull. Photogr. 26 July 113/2 (advt.) The Ingento Auto-Timer, an automatic timing clock, so arranged that the second hand is returned to zero at the beginning of each exposure.
1954 Winnipeg Free Press 14 July 7/3 (advt.) Inglis Visualite oven, auto-timer.
1965 Life 10 Dec. r3 (advt.) An 'Auto Timer' that turns the [TV] set off automatically at any pre-set time up to an hour.
2009 Times (Nexis) 6 Nov. (T2 section) 5 Stephen leant on the control-panel of CW's oven so forcefully, the ‘auto-timer’ facility has been defunct ever since.
auto tracking n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ) ˌtrakɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊ ˌtrækɪŋ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊ ˌtrækɪŋ/
automatic tracking (in various senses of track v.1); a facility or device which does this; frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1912 Los Angeles Times 31 Oct. ii. 4 (advt.) The last word in up-to-date piano player mechanisms... Come in or send for catalogs fully explaining the many features of excellence, including electric auto tracking device; silent high speed lever, [etc.].
1965 Times 16 Sept. 17/5 A £150,000 order from the Ministry of Aviation for precision auto-tracking radar equipment for the Royal Air Force.
1989 Grattan Direct Catal. Spring–Summer 878/1 Philips VHS recorder... Four event one month timer. Hand programmable. Auto tracking.
2009 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 4 Apr. They [sc. the laws] do not properly regulate facial recognition, night vision, motion detection, auto tracking and other emerging technology.
autotransformer n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)trɑːnsˈfɔːmə/
,
/ˌɔːtə(ʊ)transˈfɔːmə/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˌtræn(t)sˈfɔrmər/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˌtræn(t)sˈfɔrmər/
Electrical Engineering a transformer in which the primary and secondary coils have windings in common; spec. a transformer with a single winding that is tapped at some point to provide the desired voltage.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > transformer > [noun] > auto-transformer
compensator1873
auto-converter1888
autotransformer1893
Variac1933
1893 Electr. Rev. 8 Dec. 628/1 There was an auto-transformer with a switch handle which transformed the higher pressure of the mains into the lower pressure.
1912 Times 28 Aug. 15/5 The inductance coil used in producing these and similar oscillations can be employed as an auto-transformer.
2001 Mod. Railways Aug. (Special Report Suppl.) p. xxiii The original plan was that an autotransformer (AT) 50kV feed system would be installed on the West Coast route.
auto tuning n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ) ˌtjuːnɪŋ/
,
/ˈɔːtə(ʊ) ˌtʃuːnɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊ ˌt(j)unɪŋ/
,
/ˈɑdoʊ ˌt(j)unɪŋ/
a facility for automatically tuning a transmitter or receiver, esp. a radio or television; frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1929 Atlanta Constit. 26 May 14 (heading) New screen grid and auto tuning Zenith features.
1954 Winnipeg Free Press 5 Feb. 29/1 (advt.) Consoles... Sparton 5 tube, auto tuning.
1998 What Hi-Fi? May 75/1 Use auto-tuning to find a station, press ‘memory’ to store it and the radio stays in preset mode.
2010 C. J. Doane Mod. Cruising Sailboat vii. 282/2 Most radar sets now..boast auto-tuning features that work very well.
auto-valve n.
Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)valv/
,
U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌvælv/
,
/ˈɑdoʊˌvælv/
an automatic valve.
ΚΠ
1902 W. J. Dibdin Public Lighting 176 The auto-valve, which is not affected by condensation or grit.
1919 Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers 57 182 An Halberg-Beth dry-cleaning plant..with special auto-valve to protect the plant from explosions.
1994 A. Murdoch & S. D. Macknight Handbk. Techniques for Aquatic Sediments Sampling (ed. 2) iv. 48 The valve presently used at the National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario, is an auto-valve which is held open by the water flow.
auto white n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ) ˈwʌɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊ ˈwaɪt/
,
/ˌɑdoʊ ˈwaɪt/
a facility by which the settings of a camera are automatically adjusted so as to give a true representation of the colours of a subject regardless of whether the ambient light is natural or artificial; usually attributive, esp. in auto white balance.
ΚΠ
1971 H. E. Ennes Television Broadcasting: Equipm., Syst., & Operating Fund. v. 244 (caption) Auto white level.
1993 Camcorder User Mar. 64/3 The auto white balance (AWB)..doesn't entirely eradicate colour casting, but this is kept so mild as to be insignificant.
2005 B. Braverman Video Shooter iii. 59 Your camera's auto-white feature is an anathema to good story-telling craft.
auto-zero n.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈzɪərəʊ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈzɪroʊ/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈzɪroʊ/
Electronics a facility by which a zero is automatically produced, esp. in an instrument reading or an input.
ΚΠ
1936 U.S. Patent 2,034,791 2 A special key labeled ‘Auto Zero’ is included in each column of keys in the card jack field which when operated causes a 0 to be printed for that column.
1969 U.S. Patent 3,447,070 4 During the zeroing cycle a relay switches the recorder amplifier output..to the auto-zero balancing motor.
1995 Kay & Co. (Worcester) Catal. Autumn–Winter 881/1 Compact digital bathroom scales... Auto zero.
2009 C. Shamieh & G. McComb Electronics for Dummies (ed. 2) ii. xii. 268 If your meter doesn't have an auto-zero feature, press the Adjust (or Zero Adjust) button.
auto-zeroing n. and adj.
Brit. /ˌɔːtə(ʊ)ˈzɪərəʊɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌɔdoʊˈzɪroʊɪŋ/
,
/ˌɑdoʊˈzɪroʊɪŋ/
Electronics (a) n. the automatic adjustment of an instrument to give a zero reading or zero input; (b) adj. (of a device) that has this facility.
ΚΠ
1967 Control Engin. Aug. 112 Unlike other systems that employ a potentiometric recorder for bridge auto zeroing, the 100T features a solid state auto zero circuit.
1967 Automation in Analyt. Chem.: Technicon Symp. 1966 II. 211/2 Work simplification devices such as automatic dilutors, automatic, auto-zeroing pipettes, and flow-through colorimeters.
1987 Nature 3 Sept. 89/2 An autozeroing device readies the instrument after the reference cuvette is placed in one slot of the two-position cuvette holder.
2008 H. Zumbahlen Linear Circuit Design Handbk. iii. 227 Both amplifiers implement auto-zeroing to minimize offset and drift.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

auto-comb. form2

Stress is often attracted to this combining form, e.g. autocab Brit. /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)kab/, U.S. /ˈɔdoʊˌkæb/, /ˈɑdoʊˌkæb/.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: automobile adj.
Etymology: Shortened < automobile adj. In later formations influenced by auto n.5 (which is first attested slightly later). Compare French auto- (formations in which are found from the beginning of the 20th cent., e.g. autophobe person who is afraid of motor cars, autophobie fear of motor cars (both 1900), autobus bus, motor coach, auto-école driving school (both 1906), etc.), Italian auto- (formations in which are found from the early 20th cent., e.g. autopompa fire engine (1910), autobotte car used to transport liquids (1918)).Found in a small number of formations from the end of the 19th cent. With autocar compare French autocar motor coach, (now rare) bus (1906; < English).
Prefixed to the names of vehicles with the sense 'self-propelled; powered by motor', as autobus, autocab, autocar, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > [adjective]
locomotive1800
automotive1830
automobile1876
auto-1895
horseless1895
unpulled1895
self-driving1905
motorized1922
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun]
buggy1888
motor vehicle1890
motor carriage1894
autocar1895
jam jar1895
motor car1895
car1896
traction1896
motor1899
bubble1901
machine1901
Lizzie1913
buzz-wagon1914
road car1914
short1914
scooter1917
buzz-box1920
ride1930
drag1935
bus1939
wagon1955
wheels1959
sheen1968
low rider1974
scoot1977
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > public service vehicle > [noun] > omnibus > motor-driven
autobus1895
motor bus1896
camion1942
1895 Aberdeen Weekly Jrnl. 15 Nov. 5/2 A Glasgow engineer, George Johnson..is now running an autocar in the streets of that city.
1897 N.Y. Herald 19 Sept. 2/1 The introduction of an efficient autocab service in the streets of Paris.
1900 G. D. Hiscox Horseless Vehicles xi. 212 The Canda auto-quadricycle.
1904 Westm. Gaz. 23 Sept. 7/3 Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt, junior's auto-boat ‘Mercédès the Sixth’.
1918 W. Stevens Let. 30 Apr. (1967) 208 I must wait..for an auto-bus back to Johnson City.
1927 South Amer. May 137/2 The auto-coach is much needed to replace the horse-coach.
1941 A. Koestler Scum of Earth 206 The regular autobus line Bergerac-Bordeaux still functioned.
1994 L. A. Graf Traitor Winds vii. 91 Sulu, go flag us an autocab that can take us to Hopkins.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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