labilityn.

Brit.

/leɪˈbɪlᵻti/,

/ləˈbɪlᵻti/, U.S.

/leɪˈbɪlᵻdi/,

/ləˈbɪlᵻdi/

Forms: 1500s labilite (Scottish), 1500s labilitie, 1600s– lability.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French labilité; Latin labilitas.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French labilité instability (late 14th cent.), fallibility (end of the 15th cent.), or its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin labilitas tendency to lapse, unreliability (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), fleeting condition, transitory nature, liability to change, fickleness (12th cent. in British sources), tendency to fall (13th cent. in a British source), smoothness, slipperiness (15th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin lābilis labile adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare earlier labile adj.Compare Italian labilità (14th cent. as labilitate ). Specific senses. In sense 2b perhaps after German Labilität (1875 or earlier in this sense; early 19th cent. or earlier in general senses 'liability to change’ and ‘instability’). In sense 3b after labile adj. 2b.

†1. Proneness to lapse into sin, folly, or error; fallibility. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > relapse > [noun] > tendency

lability1554

retrograde1613

1554 in Bannatyne Misc. (1855) III. 65/2 The labilite and breuitie of tymis maneris and of men in this wale of teiris beand considerit.

1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull Pref. sig. ✠3 I euer fearinge the labilitie of my remembraunce, vsed to pen my sermons.

1646 J. Gaule Select Cases Conscience 34 Vanity of Science, error of Conscience, lability of innocence.

1662 J. Ellis S. Austin Imitated i. i. 3 Errour therefore and lability thereunto, being congenious to our very nature, and not wholly cured by grace it self, without particular protection.

1713 tr. P. Poiret Divine Œconomy II. i. 7 Our Lability is founded on the Nothingness of our Nature, and every thing naturally partakes thereof, besides God, or Brutes, and inanimate Creatures.

1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen v. 218 But Sensibility and Intelligence, being by their Nature and Essence free, must be labile, and by their Lability may actually lapse, degenerat, [etc.].

a. gen. Changeability, mutability; slipperiness, instability.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun]

unstablenessc1340

varyingc1380

uncertaintyc1384

brotelnessc1386

were1390

instabilityc1422

bricklenessa1425

changeability?a1425

changeableness1447

vertibility1447

mutability?a1475

variableness?a1475

inconstance1509

mutationa1542

fickleness1548

variety1548

unconstancy1563

mobility1567

unstability1572

vicissitude1576

variousness1607

inconstancy1613

slipperinessa1618

alterableness1633

versatilousness1640

bottomlessness1642

lability1651

brittlety1652

versatileness1654

fluctuancy1659

fugitivenessa1661

alterability1661

permutability1662

unfixedness1668

mutablenessa1677

flittingnessa1680

frailness1687

flittiness1692

versability1721

plasticity1727

variability1771

unestablishment1776

fluctuabilitya1786

changefulness1791

unsettledness1799

versatility1802

harlequinism1808

fluidity1824

fitfulness1825

sensitiveness1825

insubstantiality1848

contingency1858

rootlessness1859

shiftingness1866

ficklety1888

variancy1888

impredicability1906

proteanism1909

1651 J. Reading Guide to Holy City xxi. 260 A jesting lie, which is told..out of a pleasure in lying, or out of an habituall lability and sliperinesse of tongue.

1698 E. Warren Holy Mourner xvii. 214 They [sc. present comforts] come by fits, and they leave us at times;..and all that we can do will not stay their Lability, or Slipperiness, and work them to a constant Settlement or Fixation.

1903 A. R. Wallace Man's Place in Universe xi. 207 Those peculiarities which are essential to life—extreme sensitiveness and lability.

1973 J. M. Anderson Struct. Aspects Lang. Change 143 The holes in the phonological paradigm are characterized by a general condition of lability.

2003 W. Waters Poetry's Touch 8 Poetry, from the brash parlando of Archilochus to the pronominal lability of John Ashbery, enacts..not so much a stable communicative situation as a chronic hesitation.

b. Psychology. The fact or condition of having emotions which are easily aroused, freely expressed, and tend to alter quickly and spontaneously; the fact or condition of being emotionally labile.

ΚΠ

1883 Mind 8 179 In the dread of admitting the study of psychoses into physiology, we may speak of the ‘lability’ of passion and irrepressible volition, or of the erethism of temper.

1897 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 8 198 In proportion to the lability or convulsability of the psychic elements is the dread of anything sudden that may cause fulminating discharge.

1916 Criminal Sci. Monogr. No. 2. 56 Upon entering the examining room he at once became highly emotional, abusive and threatening, and everyone who saw him at that time was impressed with the great affective lability which the patient possessed.

1970 H. C. Shands Semiotic Approaches to Psychiatry xxiii. 395 Clinical observation often suggests that the emotional lability of the ‘schizophrenic’ is not only often less than, it is also sometimes greater than, that of the normal.

1994 New Scientist 19 Nov. 29/1 People with high lability have very ‘unstable’ temporal lobes with frequent bursts of electrical activity that can be seen on an EEG.

a. Chiefly in scientific use. Susceptibility to or capability of change in position, nature, form, etc. Cf. labile adj. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > reactivity > mutability

lability1654

1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence xi. 247 Consistence or lability, are not essential to wood and water.

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 353 To the species water continuity and lability are essential.

1904 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 188 By combining these two methods there is induced a ‘nuclear lability’, which renders these eggs susceptible to the influence of carbon dioxide as a provocative of cleavage.

1924 J. G. A. Skerl tr. A. Wegener Orig. Continents & Oceans 154 The frequently described ‘lability’ of the geosynclinals.

1982 R. Hinde Ethology viii. 168 Evidently there is a good deal more lability in the hormone/brain cells behaviour system than had previously been suspected.

2016 C. C. Rittschof & G. E. Robinson in V. Orgogozo Genes & Evol. v. 180 The extent of gene network lability and its relationship to the expression and evolution of even simple behavioral phenotypes is not well understood.

b. Chemistry. Susceptibility to or readiness to undergo chemical change; ease of breakage of a bond or detachment of an atom or group. Cf. labile adj. 2b.

ΚΠ

1875 Lancet 13 Mar. 368/1 The myelins are not easily changed by any agent or influence, and possess therefore stability; the lecithins easily fall to pieces, they are afflicted with lability.

1919 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 41 87 The well-known influence of the nitro group in a benzene ring on the lability of the hydrogen atom lying in the meta position to it.

1948 Jrnl. Physical & Colloid Chem. 52 816 Possible increase in the number of excited orbitals with increase in the size of the molecule..is probably without effect on radiolytic lability.

1984 Xenobiotica 14 918 Synthesis of the glycine conjugate of phloretic acid was difficult due to the lability of the amide bond.

1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) vi. 92 (caption) The acid lability of carbenicillin in the stomach has been overcome by converting it to 5-indanyl ester.

2010 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 11754/2 The base would be expected to facilitate proton transfer from the 2′-O nucleophile and should still be required irrespective of the lability of the leaving group.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lability
释义	labilityn. Brit. /leɪˈbɪlᵻti/, /ləˈbɪlᵻti/, U.S. /leɪˈbɪlᵻdi/, /ləˈbɪlᵻdi/ Forms: 1500s labilite (Scottish), 1500s labilitie, 1600s– lability. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French labilité; Latin labilitas. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French labilité instability (late 14th cent.), fallibility (end of the 15th cent.), or its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin labilitas tendency to lapse, unreliability (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), fleeting condition, transitory nature, liability to change, fickleness (12th cent. in British sources), tendency to fall (13th cent. in a British source), smoothness, slipperiness (15th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin lābilis labile adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare earlier labile adj.Compare Italian labilità (14th cent. as labilitate ). Specific senses. In sense 2b perhaps after German Labilität (1875 or earlier in this sense; early 19th cent. or earlier in general senses 'liability to change’ and ‘instability’). In sense 3b after labile adj. 2b. †1. Proneness to lapse into sin, folly, or error; fallibility. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > relapse > [noun] > tendency lability1554 retrograde1613 1554 in Bannatyne Misc. (1855) III. 65/2 The labilite and breuitie of tymis maneris and of men in this wale of teiris beand considerit. 1557 R. Edgeworth Serm. very Fruitfull Pref. sig. ✠3 I euer fearinge the labilitie of my remembraunce, vsed to pen my sermons. 1646 J. Gaule Select Cases Conscience 34 Vanity of Science, error of Conscience, lability of innocence. 1662 J. Ellis S. Austin Imitated i. i. 3 Errour therefore and lability thereunto, being congenious to our very nature, and not wholly cured by grace it self, without particular protection. 1713 tr. P. Poiret Divine Œconomy II. i. 7 Our Lability is founded on the Nothingness of our Nature, and every thing naturally partakes thereof, besides God, or Brutes, and inanimate Creatures. 1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen v. 218 But Sensibility and Intelligence, being by their Nature and Essence free, must be labile, and by their Lability may actually lapse, degenerat, [etc.]. 2. a. gen. Changeability, mutability; slipperiness, instability. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > changeableness > [noun] unstablenessc1340 varyingc1380 uncertaintyc1384 brotelnessc1386 were1390 instabilityc1422 bricklenessa1425 changeability?a1425 changeableness1447 vertibility1447 mutability?a1475 variableness?a1475 inconstance1509 mutationa1542 fickleness1548 variety1548 unconstancy1563 mobility1567 unstability1572 vicissitude1576 variousness1607 inconstancy1613 slipperinessa1618 alterableness1633 versatilousness1640 bottomlessness1642 lability1651 brittlety1652 versatileness1654 fluctuancy1659 fugitivenessa1661 alterability1661 permutability1662 unfixedness1668 mutablenessa1677 flittingnessa1680 frailness1687 flittiness1692 versability1721 plasticity1727 variability1771 unestablishment1776 fluctuabilitya1786 changefulness1791 unsettledness1799 versatility1802 harlequinism1808 fluidity1824 fitfulness1825 sensitiveness1825 insubstantiality1848 contingency1858 rootlessness1859 shiftingness1866 ficklety1888 variancy1888 impredicability1906 proteanism1909 1651 J. Reading Guide to Holy City xxi. 260 A jesting lie, which is told..out of a pleasure in lying, or out of an habituall lability and sliperinesse of tongue. 1698 E. Warren Holy Mourner xvii. 214 They [sc. present comforts] come by fits, and they leave us at times;..and all that we can do will not stay their Lability, or Slipperiness, and work them to a constant Settlement or Fixation. 1903 A. R. Wallace Man's Place in Universe xi. 207 Those peculiarities which are essential to life—extreme sensitiveness and lability. 1973 J. M. Anderson Struct. Aspects Lang. Change 143 The holes in the phonological paradigm are characterized by a general condition of lability. 2003 W. Waters Poetry's Touch 8 Poetry, from the brash parlando of Archilochus to the pronominal lability of John Ashbery, enacts..not so much a stable communicative situation as a chronic hesitation. b. Psychology. The fact or condition of having emotions which are easily aroused, freely expressed, and tend to alter quickly and spontaneously; the fact or condition of being emotionally labile. ΚΠ 1883 Mind 8 179 In the dread of admitting the study of psychoses into physiology, we may speak of the ‘lability’ of passion and irrepressible volition, or of the erethism of temper. 1897 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 8 198 In proportion to the lability or convulsability of the psychic elements is the dread of anything sudden that may cause fulminating discharge. 1916 Criminal Sci. Monogr. No. 2. 56 Upon entering the examining room he at once became highly emotional, abusive and threatening, and everyone who saw him at that time was impressed with the great affective lability which the patient possessed. 1970 H. C. Shands Semiotic Approaches to Psychiatry xxiii. 395 Clinical observation often suggests that the emotional lability of the ‘schizophrenic’ is not only often less than, it is also sometimes greater than, that of the normal. 1994 New Scientist 19 Nov. 29/1 People with high lability have very ‘unstable’ temporal lobes with frequent bursts of electrical activity that can be seen on an EEG. 3. a. Chiefly in scientific use. Susceptibility to or capability of change in position, nature, form, etc. Cf. labile adj. 2a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > reactivity > mutability lability1654 1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence xi. 247 Consistence or lability, are not essential to wood and water. a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 353 To the species water continuity and lability are essential. 1904 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 188 By combining these two methods there is induced a ‘nuclear lability’, which renders these eggs susceptible to the influence of carbon dioxide as a provocative of cleavage. 1924 J. G. A. Skerl tr. A. Wegener Orig. Continents & Oceans 154 The frequently described ‘lability’ of the geosynclinals. 1982 R. Hinde Ethology viii. 168 Evidently there is a good deal more lability in the hormone/brain cells behaviour system than had previously been suspected. 2016 C. C. Rittschof & G. E. Robinson in V. Orgogozo Genes & Evol. v. 180 The extent of gene network lability and its relationship to the expression and evolution of even simple behavioral phenotypes is not well understood. b. Chemistry. Susceptibility to or readiness to undergo chemical change; ease of breakage of a bond or detachment of an atom or group. Cf. labile adj. 2b. ΚΠ 1875 Lancet 13 Mar. 368/1 The myelins are not easily changed by any agent or influence, and possess therefore stability; the lecithins easily fall to pieces, they are afflicted with lability. 1919 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 41 87 The well-known influence of the nitro group in a benzene ring on the lability of the hydrogen atom lying in the meta position to it. 1948 Jrnl. Physical & Colloid Chem. 52 816 Possible increase in the number of excited orbitals with increase in the size of the molecule..is probably without effect on radiolytic lability. 1984 Xenobiotica 14 918 Synthesis of the glycine conjugate of phloretic acid was difficult due to the lability of the amide bond. 1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) vi. 92 (caption) The acid lability of carbenicillin in the stomach has been overcome by converting it to 5-indanyl ester. 2010 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 11754/2 The base would be expected to facilitate proton transfer from the 2′-O nucleophile and should still be required irrespective of the lability of the leaving group. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1554
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