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单词 king
释义

kingn.

Brit. /kɪŋ/, U.S. /kɪŋ/
Forms:

α. early Old English cynin (Mercian, rare), early Old English k̄yniŋc (runic), Old English cininc, Old English cinincg, Old English cinyncg, Old English cinyng, Old English cyneng, Old English cyniniges (genitive singular, transmission error), Old English kininc, Old English kyninc, Old English kynincg, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cining, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) ciningc, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cyninc, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cynincg, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cyningc, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) kyningc, Old English (Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cynyng, Old English–early Middle English cyning, Old English–early Middle English kining, Old English–early Middle English kyning, Old English–early Middle English (Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cynning, late Old English cinin, late Old English cininga (perhaps transmission error), late Old English ciningg, late Old English cinning, late Old English kuning, late Old English kynning, Middle English cinincc (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English cinninc (in copy of Old English charter).

β. Old English cinicg, Old English cinig, Old English cyneg, Old English cynicg, Old English cynig, Old English cynigc, Old English cyniig (rare), Old English kinigc, Old English kinnig (in lost MS), Old English kynig, Old English–early Middle English kyneg, late Old English cynyg, late Old English kinig, early Middle English kynnig, Middle English cynnig (in copy of Old English charter).

γ. Old English cinc, Old English cincg, Old English cync, Old English cynng, Old English kync, Old English kyncg, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cing, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cingc, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cyncg, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) cyngc, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) kingc, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) kyngc, Old English–early Middle English cyng, Old English–early Middle English kincg, Old English–1600s kyng, Old English– king, early Middle English ching, early Middle English chinȝ (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English chinge (probably transmission error), early Middle English cinȝ, early Middle English cingi (transmission error), early Middle English ging (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English gug- (East Anglian, in compounds, perhaps transmission error), early Middle English gyng (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English kekis (plural, transmission error), early Middle English kig (transmission error), early Middle English kin, early Middle English kinc, early Middle English kincȝ, early Middle English kinck, early Middle English kind (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English kingk, early Middle English kingue, early Middle English kink, early Middle English kug- (East Anglian, in compounds), early Middle English kyingue, early Middle English kyngue, Middle English keng, Middle English kingg- (inflected form), Middle English kingh- (inflected form, in copy of Old English charter), Middle English kinh- (inflected form), Middle English kyngg, Middle English kyngg- (inflected form), Middle English kynk, Middle English kynke, Middle English kynkg- (inflected form), Middle English 1600s kenge, Middle English–1500s kyngk, Middle English–1600s kinge, Middle English–1600s kynge, late Middle English keyng, late Middle English knyng (transmission error), 1500s kyngge; Scottish pre-1700 keng, pre-1700 keyng, pre-1700 kinge, pre-1700 kink, pre-1700 kinng, pre-1700 kying, pre-1700 kyng, pre-1700 kynge, pre-1700 kynng, pre-1700 kynnge, pre-1700 1700s– king, 1900s– keeng, 1900s– keing.

Also with capital initial.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian kening , koning , kenig (West Frisian kening ), Old Dutch cuning , cunig (Middle Dutch coninc , conic , Dutch koning ), Old Saxon kuning , (rare) kunig (Middle Low German kȫninc , kȫnich ), Old High German kuning , kunig , (rare) chunch (Middle High German küninc , künic , künc , German König , †Künig , †Köng , †Küng ), and (with ablaut variation in the suffix) early Scandinavian (runic: Sweden) kunungR , Old Icelandic konungr , kóngr (Icelandic konungur , kóngur ), Old Swedish konunger , konger (Swedish konung , †konug , kung ), Old Danish koning , konung , konug , kong (Danish konge , (arch. or poet.) konning ), Old Gutnish kunungr , apparently < the Germanic base of Old Icelandic (poetic and rare) konr kinsman, descendant, son, man (see kine- comb. form1; compare kin n.1) + the Germanic base of -ing suffix3.Borrowings into other languages. The Germanic word was borrowed into the Slavonic and Finnic languages: compare Old Church Slavonic kŭnędzĭ prince, ruler, Russian knjaz′ prince, Polish ksiądz priest (see knez n.), Finnish kuningas king, formerly also lord, master, Estonian kuningas king. Compare also later borrowings into the Baltic languages ( < a Middle Low German form corresponding to the β. forms): Old Prussian konagis king, Lithuanian kunigas priest, formerly also lord, master. Early sense development. The original meaning of the Germanic word is frequently assumed to be ‘descendant of a (royal) family’ (compare atheling n.). Such an emphasis on genealogical descent would accord with the practice of royal succession in Anglo-Saxon England, where royal families were traditionally reputed to descend from Germanic gods, and successors to kings were chosen from close family members. However, while there is similar evidence for such a concept of kingship in other older Germanic contexts, an alternative form of early Germanic kingship based on military leadership and acclamation is also attested. Thus, it is alternatively possible that the word originally had a somewhat wider sense, e.g. ‘leader of a kinship group’ (compare use of kin n.1 in senses such as ‘people, nation’); compare Old English dryhten drightin n., Old Icelandic fylkir (compare folk n.), Gothic þiudans (compare thede n.), all words for ‘ruler, lord’ ultimately derived from words for ‘people, nation’. It is unclear how much sovereignty or power was originally implied for bearers of the Germanic title. It has been suggested that the term may have originally denoted a lower rank than the Germanic base of Old English þēoden and Gothic þiudans , ruler, prince, king (compare thede n.). Moreover, multiple kingship is historically attested for some Germanic tribes. However, in Anglo-Saxon England instances of multiple kingship are apparently the result of kingdoms achieving domination over one another politically, whereas kingship itself was conceived of as essentially monarchical already in Old English. Form history. In Old English usually a strong masculine; in late Old English perhaps also (rarely) a weak masculine. Genitive plural inflection in -ene , etc. (compare Old English weak genitive plural -ena ) is attested frequently in early Middle English and occasionally survives into the 15th cent. The β. forms show loss of the nasal consonant in the suffix. The γ. forms show loss of the vowel in the suffix (with concomitant loss of one of the nasals or simplification of the consonant group). Variation between at least two of the form types corresponding to the α. , β. , and γ. forms is recorded in all Germanic languages from the earliest period of their attestation. (For similar variation in another Germanic derivative of -ing suffix3, compare penny n.) In Old English the γ. forms are especially typical of late West Saxon prose, although attestations are already found as early as the late 9th cent. The α. and β. forms are not recorded after the mid 12th cent. outside late copies of material of Old English composition, with the exception of one early Middle English instance that may alternatively show a transmission error (see quot. a1225 for King of kings n. a at Phrases 3a(f)). A few isolated early Middle English forms with stem vowel -u- (i.e. kug-, gug- at γ. forms), attested only in compounds in Genesis & Exodus, apparently show influence from early Scandinavian; the loss of -n- is unexplained and may result from simplification of the consonant cluster. Specific senses. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French roi king (see roy n.2) and its etymon classical Latin rēx , both of which have similar semantic ranges. In use with reference to the biblical Book of Kings (see sense 1b) after Liber Regum (Vulgate), Regum (6th cent.), both used as names of the book. With use with reference to the prosecution in a court of law (see sense 1e) compare rex n.1 1b. Use in a number of legal phrases is already found in Old English in Anglo-Saxon Law; compare e.g. king's handgrith at handgrith n. In king of men at sense 3 after ancient Greek ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν, lit. ‘leader of men’. With use with reference to the Christian God (see sense 4a) compare post-classical Latin rex (4th cent. in this sense); with King of heaven compare post-classical Latin rex caelestis (5th cent.), and also heaven king n. With use with reference to festivals or ceremonies (see sense 5 compare post-classical Latin rex convivii (5th cent.); compare also Middle French roi (15th cent. in this sense). With use with reference to persons comparable with a king (see senses 4c, 5) compare early use as byname and surname, e.g. Ælwine se Cyng (1050–71), Wuluricus le King (late 12th cent.), Gaufridus le King (late 12th cent.), etc., although the motivation for the (very common) byname in individual cases is unclear. With use with reference to chess (see sense 11a) compare post-classical Latin rex (a1200 in British sources in this sense), Middle French roi (1176 in Old French in this sense); all ultimately after Persian šāh king, name of a chess piece (see shah n.). Compare also earlier Old English cyningstān , lit. ‘king stone’, apparently denoting an important piece in a board game. With use with reference to card games (see sense 11b) ultimately after the corresponding use of Arabic malik (c1500 or earlier in this sense: see malik n.), probably via Italian re (1475 in this sense). Compare French roi (1661 in this sense). With sense 13 compare earlier king post n. 1. Compounds. Some early compounds are attested alongside earlier or more common compounds with kine- comb. form1 as the first element. Compare discussion at kine- comb. form1 and also at kingdom n.
I. Senses referring to a sovereign ruler, god, or leader.
1.
a. A male sovereign ruler of an independent state or people, esp. one who inherits the position by right of birth; a male monarch. Also: the head or chief of a territory, tribe, city state, etc., having the status of such a ruler. Frequently with the, as a title. Cf. queen n. 3a, emperor n. 1c.For the origins of the term, and for the development of kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England, see discussions in etymology and at English adj. and n.king designate, king possessive: see the second element. Cf. uncrowned king at uncrowned adj. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun]
rexeOE
kingeOE
lede kingOE
kine-lordOE
rayc1440
sceptre-state1598
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > royal person(s) > king
rexeOE
kingeOE
sceptre-state1598
kingship1638
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty > for a king or ruler
kingeOE
kingship1638
roi soleil1868
eOE (Kentish) Royal Charter: Æðelberht to Wulflaf (Sawyer 328) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 735 Se cyning sealde & gebocade Wullafe fif sulung landes.
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 577 Her Cuþwine & Ceawlin fuhton wiþ Brettas & hie iii kyningas ofslogon, Coinmail & Condidan & Farinmail.
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 875 For Godrum & Oscytel & Anwynd, þa iii cyningas, of Hreopedune to Grante brycge mid micle here & sæton þær an gear.
OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 302 Þæs cyninges rihtwisnyss arærð his cynesetl.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1124 Se king let don þone eorl Waleram & Hugo Gerueises sunu on heftnunge on ðone castel.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 272 Þeȝȝ haffdenn..kingess off hemm sellfenn.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12281 Þider weoren icumen. seouen kingene sunen.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8179 He smot þoru out wiþ a launce on of hor hexte kinge.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 263 (MED) Wel nygh al þe kyngyn lynage [L. regium genus] of straunge naciouns come of þis Woden.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3382 Ysmael had wijfs thrin þat kinges tuelue þar come of him.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 119 (MED) What dishonour is this, and abatynge of the glorie of a kynge.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) (heading) ii. f. xxvv Feare God. Honoure the kynge [1382 Wyclif Make ȝe the kyng honourable; 1388 onoure ȝe the king].
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 204 They be so ready,..not to aunswere, but to offer, force and violence, euen to Kings and Princes.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xx. 105 I euer inch a King when I do stare, see how the subiect quakes. View more context for this quotation
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 836 Their Kings were no other then the chiefe in every Cottage, which consisted of one kindred.
1677 T. Middleton Appendix 31 in J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (ed. 4) The King is an absolute and unaccountable Monarch.
1718 M. Prior Power 275 What is a king?—a man condemn'd to bear The public burden of the nation's care.
1796 S. T. Coleridge Relig. Musings in Poems Var. Subj. 160 The Great, the Rich, the Mighty Men, The Kings and the Chief Captains of the World.
1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. i. ii. 25 The title of King, by which the earlier Aztec princes are distinguished by Spanish writers, is supplanted by that of Emperor in the later reigns.
1852 J. S. Watson tr. Velleius Paterculus i, in Sallust, Florus & Velleius Paterculus 426 About the same period, Athens ceased to be ruled by kings, its last monarch being Codrus, the son of Melanthus.
1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria iii. 57 Mere power would have held no attractions for him; he must be an actual king—the crowned head of a people.
1945 W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 141 We have a King and Queen well fitted to sit at the summit of all that the British nation stands for.
2014 Times 3 June 30/4 Juan Carlos became king two days after the death of Franco in 1975.
b. In plural. Chiefly as Kings (with singular agreement), or in the Book of Kings: (the name of) the two (or alternatively, esp. formerly, four; see note) books of the Old Testament relating the history of the Kings of Israel and Judah, from the accession of Solomon to the destruction of the Temple in 586 bc.In the original Hebrew text 1 and 2 Kings are a single book. In the Septuagint, the Vulgate, and the older English versions, there are four books of Kings, 1 and 2 Samuel being regarded as the first two; this system of division, following the Septuagint, is still often used in the Orthodox canon, although typically with the books entitled 1–4 Kingdoms in English.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Testament > Old Testament > divisions of Old Testament > [noun] > Kings
the Book of KingsOE
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Otho) v. Concl. 482 Eft on cyninga bec [L. in Regum librum] xxx questionem.
OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judges (Laud) Epil., in S. J. Crawford Old Eng. Version of Heptateuch (1922) 414 Se Israhel..mislice ferde, oð þæt hi fengon to ciningum, swa swa on ‘Cininga Bocum’ ys full cuð be ðam.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 4 Kings (heading) The fourthe of Kingus [Bodl. 959 the fourthe book of Kyngis].
a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) vii. l. 131 By al nameȝ o rewe & ioyntours of wordeȝ: outelaft storyes in þe boke of kyngeȝ ben ytouched & questiouns..of þe euangely ben made open.
c1425 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Queen's Oxf.) (1850) 1 Kings Prol. 1 In this book of Kingis the first is contened, how Anna..axide of God to haue a sone.
a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 110 The viijth chapiter of the first boke of kynges.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) ii. f. xxvv (heading) The first boke of the kynges, otherwyse called the first boke of Samuel.
1581 J. Baker Lect. vpon xii. Articles Christian Faith i. sig. A.viiv We knowe not the names of those men that wrote them, as..the booke of Kinges, and the Chronicles, and such like.
1613 A. Gibson Lands Mourning 50 Nebuchadnezar..carryed him to Babell, as it is in 2 Kings 25.
1661 T. Pierce Serm. 29 May 11 Look upon Solomon in the Book of Kings, and again look upon him in Ecclesiastes, how was he there lifted up by his prosperity?
1700 Flaming Whip for Lechery 78 The first Book of Kings begins with an Account of a new Rebellion hatcht against David.
1759 B. Kennicott State Printed Hebrew Text Old Test. II. iv. 433 These 3 verses are not in Kings, but seem absolutely irreconcileable with what is there recorded.
1819 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1959) IV. 917 Two thirds of the sentences..read exactly like the Book of Kings.
1863 A. C. Hervey in W. Smith Dict. Bible II. 36/1 Some details are given of a battle in which Jehoash was defeated, which are not mentioned in Kings.
1968 Jet 21 Mar. 26 His wife dumbfounded the vicar by producing a Bible and quoting from the Second Book of Kings.
1990 W. E. Mills et al. Mercer Dict. Bible 489/1 Kings is a composite work compiled by editors who selected..material derived from earlier sources.
2013 Times (Nexis) 4 June The Prime Minister..will be giving one of the readings from the Book of Kings.
c. A queen who takes the title of king; (also) a queen who performs the duties of a king.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun] > woman
kingc1325
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 869 Hennin & Morgan..adde despit þat womman king ssolde alonde beo.
1654 J. Trapp Comm. Minor Prophets (Hosea xiii. 1) 167 Jezabel..did all under her husband, she was King, and he Queen.
1735 Court Mercury; or, Statesman's Packet 42 Sitting between the Queen-Mother, and Maria the young King.
1796 E. Burke Fourth Let. Peace Regicide Directory France in Wks. (1812) IX. 53 The Hungarian Subjects of Maria Theresa..called her..a King... She lived and died a King.
1874 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 179/1 When Christina of Sweden had herself crowned King (not Queen) no serious objection was made.
1898 Daily News 30 Aug. 4/5 After the King died his consort determined that her daughter should be a King, not a Queen.
1948 A. J. P. Taylor Habsburg Monarchy (new ed.) 15 The Hungarian nobles declared that they would die for their King, Maria Theresa.
1983 J. A. Michener Poland iii. 56 She..was crowned king..not queen, for the Polish nobles wanted to preserve dynastic links to their original kings.
2011 M. Van De Mieroop Hist. Anc. Egypt vii. 172 After her husband's death, in or shortly before 1473, she was crowned king of Egypt.
d. King and Country: (also with lower-case initials) a male sovereign and his nation, considered together as objects of patriotic allegiance. Cf. Queen and Country at queen n. 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > [noun] > objects of allegiance
King and Country1563
Queen and Country1572
society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > fidelity or loyalty > [noun] > to sovereign or government > to a monarch > object of allegiance in a monarchy
King and Country1563
1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. E.iv Thy kyng and Countrey for to serue thou dydste not feare to dye.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 135 Be so true to thy Selfe, as thou be not false to Others; Specially to thy King, and Country.
1699 G. Lesly Israel's Troubles & Triumph sig. B2 Vent'ring all for King and Country's sake.
1716 R. Coleire Serm. St. James's Church, Westm. 16 Men of Spirit and Fortune, who wou'd have stood by their King and Country with their Lives and Estates.
1773 C. Jennens Saul iii. 204 O Jonathan! how nobly didst thou die, for thy King and Country Slain!
1803 M. Wilmot Jrnl. 25 May in M. Wilmot & C. Wilmot Russ. Jrnls. (1934) i. 11 Tis pleasant to see how true the Britons are to their King & Country.
1881 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 25 To fight ‘for king and country’ is an ambition which nowadays occupies but a small space in men's minds.
1913 J. M. Barrie Quality St. i. 15 If..death or glory was the call, you would take the shilling, ma'am... For King and Country.
1965 ‘A. Nicol’ Truly Married Woman 48 Kill for food, kill dangerous things, kill for King and country.
2006 GameAxis Unwired Dec. 10/3 A tribute to all the local boys that have to sweat it out in the jungle for the sake of King and Country.
e. Law. Frequently with the and capital initial. The prosecution acting on behalf of a reigning king in criminal proceedings. Cf. rex n.1 1b and also crown n. 6b, queen n. 3c.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [noun] > one who accuses of crime > the prosecution
Reg.1622
king1675
queen1713
Reginaa1715
rexa1715
crown1725
prosecution1746
state1783
people1801
1675 J. Brydall Compend. Coll. Laws Eng. 89 (note) The Bishop of Rosles Case... The King v. March.
1760 G. E. Howard Treat. Rules & Pract. Equity Side of Exchequer in Irel. II. 546 It seems that the Justices cannot go into a Disquisition... [With reference to the case of] the King against Burgess.
1818 (title) The King versus Merceron: the trial of Joseph Merceron, Esq., before Mr Justice Abbott, in the Court of King's Bench.
1996 I. Omar Rights, Emergencies, & Judicial Rev. v. 115 (note) Challenges to preventative detention by habeas corpus or otherwise [in wartime] were almost wholly excluded. See The King v Halliday, [1917] A.C. 260.
2. As a title placed immediately before a personal name, and in Old English (rarely in later use, now archaic) also immediately after it. Formerly also with the.In Old English typically postposed (without the) when used as a title in the narrower sense (e.g. in charters). Use with determiner before the personal name is more common when referring to a title, e.g. in narrative contexts. Sometimes both uses are found side by side.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty > for a king or ruler > placed before name
kingeOE
eOE Royal Charter: Wiglaf of Mercia to Minster at Hanbury (Sawyer 190) in H. Sweet Oldest Eng. Texts (1885) 453 Ðes friodom waes bigeten aet Wiglafe cyninge mid ðaem tuentigum hida aet Iddes hale.
OE Blickling Homilies 161 On Herodes dagum þæs cyninges wæs swiþe mycel æweweard, þæs noma wæs Zacharias.
OE Writ of Cnut, Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 985) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1058 Cnut cing gret Lyfing arcebisceop & Godwine bisceop..& ealle mine þegnas twelfhynde & twihynde freondlice.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1066 Þa þe cyng Willelm geherde þet secgen, þa wearð he swiðe wrað.
lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. i. 244 Þa manigfealdan yfel þe se cyning Ðeodric wið þam cristenandome & wið þam Romaniscum witum dyde.
?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1132 Ðis gear com Henri king to þis land.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15655 Oswald..gon wende..to-ȝeines þan kinge Penda.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7573 King Macolom spousede Margarete so; Ac king willam..Wende aȝen to normandie.
1416 in Sections Assembly Bk. A Shrewsbury Guild Hall 84 (MED) The regne of Kyng Henry the fyfte after the conquest.
c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 14 Þerfore god sent to Eȝechias þe kyng.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. i. 6 Dauid the kynge begat Salomon.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 369/1 Kyng Stephen..fell in hande to besiege the residue of those places which the rebels kept.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) ii. v. 66 The lawfull Heire Of Edward King, the Third of that Descent. View more context for this quotation
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. C The people hath it to this day, King Henry loved a man.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 129. ¶10 We fancied ourselves in King Charles the Second's Reign.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 265 Two staves, Sung to the praise and glory of King George.
1846 E. Robinson Cæsar Borgia I. ix. 111 The bull..which dissolved the marriage of King Louis with his cousin.
1896 Church at Home & Abroad May 448/2 King Khama's visit to England last year.
1906 S. J. Weyman Chippinge xix. 191 He must not be blamed if he felt as King Cophetua when he stooped to the beggar-maiden.
1955 J. R. R. Tolkien Return of King v. vi. 120 ‘What burden do you bear, Men of Rohan?’ he cried. ‘Théoden King,’ they answered. ‘He is dead. But Éomer King now rides in the battle.’
1958 P. Kemp No Colours or Crest (1960) v. 84 As convinced Republicans the Ballists were opponents of King Zog.
2008 Independent 1 Nov. (Mag.) 75/1 Bushy Park, once the hunting grounds of King Henry VIII.
3. With specification of the people, country, or other territory ruled over by a king, as King of the Franks, King of Spain, etc. Also in king of men.In Old English usually with the people ruled over in the genitive plural.
ΚΠ
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 488 Her Æsc feng to rice & was xxiiii wintra Cantwara cyning.
OE Death of Edgar (Parker) 2 Her geendode eorðan dreamas Eadgar, Engla cyning, ceas him oðer leoht.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1127 Mid him held se kasere of Sexlande & se kyng of France & se kyng Heanri of Engleland.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7010 Þurrh þe king off rome burrh himm ȝifenn wass þatt riche.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6648 Þe king of Norewæiȝe..& þere Densemonne king.
c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1700 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 155 To crouny þene kyng of Engelonde.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 11669 Ffirst com Epistrot, þe kyng of Grece,..Pandras, kyng of Egipte.
c1470 tr. R. D'Argenteuil's French Bible (Cleveland) (1977) 49 The werre that Nabugodonosor, king of Babiloine, made to them.
a1500 Rule Minoresses in W. W. Seton Two 15th Cent. Franciscan Rules (1914) 81 (MED) Alisaunder pope..condescendinge & enclinyd to þe supplicacions of..þe nobel kinge of Frauns.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1371*/2 The enterprise..to be defraied by the pope and king of Spaine.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. O2v Came that..scourge of God into Italy, Attila King of the Hunnes.
1686 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 390 The King of France hath had a relapse of his distemper.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xix. 54 The King of Men, Atrides, came the last.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xviii. 92 The..king of the Goths..boldly passed the Danube.
1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. v. 129 He leads an army against Augeas, king of Elis.
1889 T. H. Huxley in 19th Cent. Mar. 438 Karl, King of the Franks, consecrated Roman Emperor in St. Peter's, on Christmas Day, a.d. 800.
1936 Times 3 Feb. 9/1 The Pope regarded the late King of England as the greatest personal power..for the security of peace.
1961 P. Green tr. Z. Oldenbourg Massacre at Montségur i. 8 The great barons of the North..were by no means all loyal to the French King.
2014 Daily Tel. 1 Oct. 31/2 For most of his life Prince Nicholas [Romanov] was a stateless person who travelled abroad on a letter issued by the King of Greece.
4. A male person or being whose authority or pre-eminence is comparable to that of a king.
a. Christian Church. (A title of or name for) God or Jesus Christ. Frequently in King of heaven, †King of bliss (obsolete), King of glory. Cf. King of kings n. a at Phrases 3a(f).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > as ruler
God almightyeOE
kingeOE
waldendeOE
almightyOE
heaven kingOE
dihtendec1200
rectora1513
omnipotent1562
almight?1580
Pantocrator1759
Goramighty1816
eOE (Kentish) Will of Ealdorman Ælfred (Sawyer 1508) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 810 Gehalde hine heofones cyning in þissum life ondwardum & eac swa in þęm towardan life.
OE Cynewulf Fates of Apostles 27 Syððan wuldres cyning, engla ordfruma, eorðan sohte þurh fæmnan hrif, fæder manncynnes.
c1225 (?OE) Soul's Addr. to Body (Worcester) (Fragm. E) l. 39 Ne biþ he ne [nam]mare undon, ær cume þæs heiȝe kinges dom.
a1275 Doomsday (Trin. Cambr.) in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 43 Ho sculen isen þene kyng þat al þe world wroutte.
a1300 Passion our Lord l. 322 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 46 (MED) Of þe kynge of heuene none reuþe hi nedde.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 192 Þou, Christ, art kynge of glorie [1534 Prymer in Eng. Thou art the kynge of glorye O Christe].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8100 Pine on þat tre thole he sal þe king o blis.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 966 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 56 He..[at the] last Iugment sall bryng nere hand all men befor þe kyng.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Radegunde (c1525) sig. c.iiiv Our lorde god, the kyng of glory Sheweth his myghty power day by day.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxiv. vi Even He the King of glory hight.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 640 Th' all-bounteous King, who showrd With copious hand. View more context for this quotation
1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 77 Neither will the King of Heaven accept of thy slight and slubberd services.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 18 Who is the King of Glory? He who left His Throne of Glory, for the Pang of Death.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 179 What purpose has the King of Saints in view?
1810 Connecticut Evangelical Mag. July 242 God manifest in the flesh, King of righteousness and King of peace.
1871 E. F. Burr Ad Fidem iv. 68 The King whose twin names are Light, and Love.
1952 R. Paxson War in your Heart iii. 89 This coming will be the coming of the King in great power and resplendent glory.
1989 M. Z. Brettler God is King 162 Unlike his human counterparts, the king of heaven is fully able to control his officials.
2013 Church Times 23 Aug. 23/3 ‘You, Christ, are the King of Glory’ had a brilliant regality to it.
b. Frequently with of. (A title of or name for) a god or supreme being, esp. in ancient religions, legend, and mythology; spec. (a) the god of a particular realm or sphere of activity (b) (esp. in King of the Gods) a chief or supreme god in a pantheon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > demigod or hero
kingeOE
half-godc1374
semigoda1464
heroa1522
demigod1530
indigetec1550
petty god1581
under-god1583
heroic1586
godling1596
semi-deity?1624
goddikin1675
medioxumus1677
godkin1765
man-god1826
godlet1884
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > fame or renown > famous or eminent person > [noun]
kingeOE
master-spiritc1175
douzepersc1330
sire1362
worthya1375
lantern1382
sira1400
greatc1400
noblec1400
persona1425
lightc1425
magnate?a1439
worthyman1439
personagec1460
giant1535
honourablec1540
triedc1540
magnifico1573
ornament1573
signor1583
hero1592
grandee1604
prominent1608
name1611
magnificent1612
choice spirita1616
illustricity1637
luminary1692
lion1715
swell1786
notable1796
top-sawyer1826
star1829
celebrity1831
notability1832
notoriety1841
mighty1853
tycoon1861
reputation1870
public figure1871
star turn1885
headliner1896
front-pager1899
legend1899
celeb1907
big name1909
big-timer1917
Hall of Famer1948
megastar1969
eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. xxiii. 491 Ða cleopode se hellwara cyning & cwæð: Wutun agifan ðæm esne his wif.
OE Cynewulf Juliana 437 Þu in ecne god, þrymsittendne, þinne getreowdes, meotud moncynnes, swa ic in minne fæder, hellwarena cyning, hyht staþelie.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 38 (MED) Sathanas..is keiser & king icrunet of us alle.
c1330 Sir Orfeo (Auch.) (1966) l. 283 (MED) Þe king o fairy wiþ his rout Com to hunt him al about.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xli. 25 He [sc. Leviathan] ys king vpon alle the sones of pride [L. rex super universos filios superbiae].
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 592 Were hym leuere..With pluto kyng as depe ben yn helle As Tantalus.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 9 (MED) Feendys..sett a brennyng chayre in whiche here kyng as prince of feendys sate on hyȝe.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 12 Distroy the Deuill..Quhilk of this warld is Prince and King.
a1592 R. Greene Comicall Hist. Alphonsus (1599) i. sig. B2 Pluto king of darke Auerne.
1663 J. Mayne tr. Lucian Part of Lucian sig. Rr1 Being King of the Gods, and able, by the demission of a coard, to draw up earth, and sea.
1685 E. Sherburne tr. Theocritus Idyll XVI in N. Tate Poems by Several Hands 156 Oh mighty Jove! Father of Gods! Heav'ns King!
1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 510 Love in Idleness..is doubtless the herb to which..Shakespear attributes such extraordinary virtues in the person of Oberon king of the fairies.
1792 D. Watson tr. Horace Wks. (new ed.) II. 108 Great Jupiter, king and father, grant that my weapon may perish with rust.
1822 tr. Xenophon Anabasis iii. i. 70 The dream seemed to him to be indeed from Jupiter the king.
1844 J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller Introd. Sci. Syst. Mythology xiv. 244 He was doomed to serve the king of the subterraneans.
1923 D. A. Mackenzie Myths China & Japan xiv. 272 Indra was in Vedic times the king of the gods.
1992 G. Hancock Sign & Seal iv. xiii. 325 Osiris went through a process of resurrection to become god of the dead and king of the underworld.
2012 D. Cornell Child of Sea 83 When sailors cross the line of the Equator for the very first time, they must be initiated by Neptune, King of the Sea.
c.
(a) A man regarded as having pre-eminent importance or influence in a particular group or sphere. Also in more general use without reference to a person's gender. Chiefly with of.In quot. OE the reason why Eadwig bore the byname ‘king of peasants’ is unknown.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > person in supreme authority > in sphere or class
kingOE
queen1488
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1017 Cnut cining aflymde ut Eadwi æþeling & Eadwi ceorla kyning.
a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 10 (MED) Þe webbes ant þe fullaris..token Peter Conyng huere kyng to calle.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 6068 Falssemblant..My kyng of harlotes shalt thou be.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. ccxliv He is kynge of dronkardes and of dronkenes.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 98 Why made he man of other creatures king?
1623 H. Holland in W. Shakespeare Comedies, Hist. & Trag. sig. A5 Those bayes, Which crown'd him Poet first, then Poets King.
1653 Mercurius Democritus No. 57. 449 Man is never constant though he be the King of Reason.
1779 Mirror No. 23. ⁋3 He was not suffered to play with his equals, because he was to be the king of all sports.
1793 R. Burns in G. Thomson Sel. Coll. Orig. Sc. Airs I. i. 17 He's the king o' gude fellows, and wale of auld men.
1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais xlviii. 23 The kings of thought Who waged contention with their time's decay.
1888 Writer May 106/2 This is the age of business; the business man is king.
1929 M. Lief Hangover 302 The King of the Tabloids sat in his counting-house counting up the two and a half million circulation gained through the..scandal.
1981 Weekly World News 30 June 31/2 (advt.) A never before assembled album of original RCA recordings of the King of Rock 'n' Roll—Elvis Presley.
2004 Daily Post (N. Wales) (Nexis) 12 Oct. 6 Extensive staff training underpins the mantra that the customer is king.
(b) spec. A man regarded as having power or control in a particular industry or area of commerce; a magnate. Frequently with modifying word, as cotton king, fur king, railway king, etc. Cf. baron n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > chief of its or his kind
sunOE
lordOE
princec1225
primatec1384
princessc1390
giant1535
queen1554
first gentleman1584
Prester John1598
arch1605
gigant1610
principate1651
top-stone1659
first lady1677
Shakespeare1821
king1829
prius1882
aristocrat1883
Sun King1971
1829 T. Steele Analyt. Expos. Absurdity & Iniquity Oaths 78 Mr. Peel will be as little remembered as any of the ‘cotton Kings’.
1884 S. E. Dawson Handbk. Canada 154 Here the fur-kings of the North-West lived and spent their profits in generous hospitality.
1894 Outing 23 380/2 Relics of the palmy days of the old sugar kings of Jamaica.
1907 Current Lit. Apr. 393/1 One thing to their credit may be said of the railway kings of to-day: they are not railroad wreckers.
1943 G. Seldes & H. Seldes Facts & Fascism ii. 22 Thyssen, who had feared the collapse of his empire, came out king of coal and steel again.
1979 R. Jaffe Class Reunion (1980) i. i. 22 Her father had become the shoe king, owning a chain of shoe stores all over the east.
2015 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 31 May 20 The casting director of Miami Vice..asked me to play a drug king.
5. (The title of) a man appointed to preside over a festive occasion or ceremony. Also in the names of leading characters in carnival celebrations. Cf. queen n. 6d.Recorded earliest in King of Christmas n. at Phrases 3a(b). See also King of Cockneys n. at cockney n. and adj. Phrases, May King n. at May n.2 Compounds 1d, King of May n. at May n.2 Phrases 2, King of Misrule, variant of Lord of Misrule n. at misrule n. 4.
ΚΠ
c1448 in W. Hudson Rec. City of Norwich (1906) I. 345 (MED) John Gladman of Norwich..made a disporte with his neighburghs..crowned as King of Kristmesse.
1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxxii. f. 279v It is the custome, that euery yere, we shal haue a may kynge.
1660 G. Havers tr. M. de Scudéry Clelia IV. ii. 127 According to the order of great Feasts made at Rome, a Thaliarch or King of the Feast [Fr. Roy du festin] ought to be nominated..to choose the divertisments for the company.
1726 tr. F. de S. de la Mothe-Fénelon Lives Maxims of Antient Philosophers 115 He was immediately chosen king of the feast [Fr. Roy du festin].
1839 R. F. Williams Youth of Shakespeare II. vii. 171 The youthful Shakspeare played the part of king of the festival, and in princely sort he did it too.
1898 Harper's Weekly 12 Mar. 250/3 This is the..congregation of the carnival kings and queens and maids of honor.
1916 Editor 1 July 24/2 The Carnival opened with Boreas Rex, King of the Carnival, greeting his subjects in a grand parade.
1974 Liberator Apr. 14/2 It's five a.m. Carnival has been officially declared open, and King J'Ouvert (old mask) starts his reign.
2015 C. L. Elick Talking Animals in Children's Fiction i. 42 During the madness of carnival..a festival king is crowned and then decrowned.
6. In the names of various games (esp. children's games), as King Arthur, King Caesar, King I am, King of Cantland, etc. Also: the leading or central person in such games.See also king of the castle n. b at Phrases 3a(a), king of the hill n. b at Phrases 3a(e).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > shipboard games > [noun]
dilly-dally1698
King Arthur1785
shovel-board1836
sling the monkey1838
horse-billiards1869
deck quoits1907
deck tennis1927
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > others
buckle-pit1532
marrowbone1533
put-pin?1577
primus secundus1584
fox in the hole1585
haltering of Hick's mare1585
muss1591
pushpin1598
Jack-in-the-box1600
a penny in the forehead1602
buckerels1649
bumdockdousse1653
peck-point1653
toro1660
wheelbarrow1740
thread-needle1751
thrush-a-thrush1766
runaway ring?1790
Gregory1801
pick-point1801
fighting cocks1807
runaway knock1813
tit-tat-toe1818
French and English1820
honeypots1821
roly-poly1821
tickle-tail1821
pottle1822
King of Cantland1825
tip-top-castle1834
tile1837
statue1839
chip stone1843
hen and chickens1843
king of the castle1843
King Caesar1849
rap-jacket1870
old witch1881
tick-tack-toe1884
twos and threes1896
last across (the road)1904
step1909
king of the hill1928
Pooh-sticks1928
trick or treat1928
stare-you-out1932
king of the mountain1933
dab cricket1938
Urkey1938
trick-or-treating1941
seven-up1950
squashed tomato1959
slot-racing1965
Pog1993
knights-
1681 Heraclitus Ridens 12 Apr. 2/1 I thought to have gone to telling of Winter Tales, Once upon a time, &c. or to Cross purposes, or King I am, or some such pretty diversion.
1709 Useful Trans. in Philos. Jan.–Feb. 43 [The Greeks] had likewise their Basilinda, representing our Questions and Commands, or King I am.
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue King Arthur, a game used at sea... It is performed thus: a man who is to represent king Arthur..is seated on the side or over a large vessel of water, every person in his turn is to be ceremoniously introduced to him, and to pour a bucket of water over him, crying hail king Arthur!
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. II. 18/1 King of Cantland, a game of children, in which one of a company being chosen King o' Cantland, and two goals appointed.., all the rest endeavour to run from the one goal to the other [etc.].
1849 Boy's Own Bk. (new ed.) 36 King Cæsar,...Should the King..succeed in intercepting one of them [sc. the other players], he claps him on the head with his hand three times, and each time repeats the words, ‘I crown thee, King Cæsar’.
1854 C. H. Waterman tr. Bk. Parlour Games 33 The Elements, choose a king of this game, in whose hands a ball of thread is placed, [etc.]
1916 N. Douglas London Street Games 5 There are other ball-games, such as hot rice..and king and missings out.
1969 I. Opie & P. Opie Children's Games iii. 140 The Victorian schoolboys' excuse for a rough-house called ‘King Caesar’ or ‘Rushing Bases’.
1969 V. Bartlett Past of Pastimes v. 62 The names of several London games listed by Norman Douglas have historical origins. Among them are King Caesar, King of the Barbary.., and Chinese orders.
2001 Gaggle of Giggles & Games 78 The Great Garbage Game,...Each team will try to dethrone the other team's king or queen by throwing garbage at them (paper balls).
7. With the and capital initial.
†a. A toast in which the king's health is drunk. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] > drinking intoxicating liquor > drinking to each other or toasting > a toast > to the king
king1763
1763 C. Churchill Conference 1 The King gone round.
1786 J. O'Keefe Peeping Tom of Coventry (new ed.) i. iii. 16 We crack'd a joke, And drink the King, and sing & smoke.
1858 W. M. Thackeray Virginians I. x. 131 The two British officers of Halkett's, Captain Grace and Mr. Waring, both drank the King.
b. British. The national anthem as addressed to a male sovereign; ‘God Save the King’. Cf. queen n. 3d.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > national or patriotic song
Rule Britanniac1745
anthem1753
Yankee Doodle1768
Marseillaise hymn1794
national anthem1804
star-spangled banner1814
queen1898
Volkslied1898
Hatikvah1905
king1932
Horst Wessel song1937
1932 Week-end Rev. 30 Apr. 554/2 Programme to-night as follows:—British Movietone News. Sunshine Susie. Mickey Mouse. The King.
1959 I. Jefferies Thirteen Days vii. 95 The band played the King and we all stood up.
1967 R. Harris All my Enemies iii. 34 We applauded, stood for ‘The King’.
8. U.S. Freemasonry. The second officer in a Royal Arch Chapter of the Freemasons.
ΚΠ
1860 A. G. Mackey Lexicon Freemasonry (U.K. ed.) 167 King, the second officer in a Royal Arch Chapter.
1871 Proc. Grand Chapter Royal Arch Masons USA 16 I appointed Companion J. L. Hammond to the office of King.
1915 Proc. Grand Chapter Royal Arch Masons USA 43 A communication to Companion A. Gimmel, King of the chapter.
1996 S. C. Bullock Revolutionary Brotherhood ix. 247 Besides the high priest that presided over the Royal Arch chapter, companions chose a king, a scribe.., and grand masters of the First, Second, and Third Veil.
II. Extended uses.
9.
†a. A queen bee. Cf. king bee n. 1. Obsolete.The queen bee was formerly thought to be male.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > superfamily Apoidea (bees) > queen bee
kinga1398
rectora1398
king bee1565
master bee1579
prince1609
queen1609
queen bee1609
queen mother1753
mother queen1817
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xii. 1144 If þe kyng of been [L. regi apum] his wynge were y kutte..þe swarme schulde nought passe out of þe hyue.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) §394 Thise flyes, þt men clepe bees, whan they maken hire kyng they chesen oon þt hath no prikke, wher with he may stynge.
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 3375 (MED) Senek seith how þe kyng and þe ledere Of bees is prikkeles.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 181 (MED) The kynge of bees Is wythout a styngill.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 34v But do bees resort together out of all the world to choose them one kyng?
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. x. 48 He shall make cleane their hiues verie carefully and kill their kings.
1642 W. Prynne Soveraigne Antidote Civill Wars i. 4 Though all other Bees have stings,..yet the King among the bees hath no sting at all.
1710 Brit. Apollo 13–16 Oct. The Kings are bred of the Brains.
1747 R. Maxwell Pract. Bee-master 46 This Sound..proceeds, I suppose, from the young King, giving Signal to his Company to make ready for a March.
1818 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (ed. 2) II. xix. 122 According to him, the kings (so he denominates the queen-bee) generate both kings and workers.
1841 Spiritual Mag. Oct. 217/1 The king of bees, is the largest, and most beautiful among them.
1917 Oregon Countryman May 438/1 Like the ants, the bees have their king.
b. The fertile adult male present in a termite colony, whose role is to mate with the queen and release pheromones which help regulate the caste structure of the colony. More fully king termite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Isoptera > member(s) of (termites) > fully developed male
king1781
1781 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 71 188 I do not mention the king in this case, because he is very small in proportion to the queen.
1847 W. B. Carpenter Zool.: Systematic Acct. II. Appendix 569 The royal chamber, so called on account of its being adapted for, and occupied by, the king and queen, is situated near the centre of the hillock.
1895 D. Sharp in Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. 361 Termites live in communities... The king and queen may be recognised by the stumps of their cast wings.
1915 Attica (Indiana) Daily Tribune 1 May 3/3 The king termite continues to inhabit the cell with the queen.
1954 F. C. Lane All about Insect World 102 But the termite ‘king’ may enjoy a long life with his queen in their royal chamber.
2014 E. O. Wilson Window Eternity viii. 81 At maturity it begins to reproduce, releasing virgin queens and kings to start new nests.
10.
a. A thing regarded as supreme, esp. as the finest, most important, or most attractive of its kind. Chiefly with of. Cf. queen n. 7a. In quot. 1599 as a personification; cf. sense 10c.See also king of day n. at Phrases 3a(c), king of terrors n. at terror n. Phrases.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] > supreme object in a class or group
kingc1425
mistressc1425
queen1488
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 1027 (MED) A charbocle, kyng of stonys alle..tenlumyn in þe blake nyȝt.
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. ii. 27 Two such opposed Kings encamp them still, In man as well as hearbes, grace and rude will. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles i. 56 Her thoughts the King, Of euery Vertue giues renowne to men. View more context for this quotation
1683 W. Harris Pharmacologia x. 138 The Caustick Oyl of Vitriol, and Spirit of Niter, are singly keen enough, but joyned together.., nothing but Gold, the King of Metals, can stand before them.
1728 A. Pope Dunciad ii. 249 Thames, The King of Dykes.
1796 E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah I. 185 The King of worshipped places, the renowned Allahabad.
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 205 He taught me a fisherman's bend, which he pronounced to be the king of all knots.
1886 Contributor Jan. 151/2 Mr. Hope's great blue diamond, a king among gems, was loved by its owner.
1920 Underwear & Hosiery Rev. Oct. 76/2 Silk stockings only—cotton is taboo—lisle thread is frowned upon—silk is king!
1958 Listener 2 Oct. 540/1 Mr. Organ Morgan, that amiable if local exponent of the King of Instruments in Under Milk Wood.
2009 A. J. Baime Go like Hell vii. 75 He had to take the Cobra overseas, where the Ferrari was king of the road.
b. With reference to a tree, plant, or fruit. Chiefly with of.For uses relating to animals see Phrases 3b.
ΚΠ
a1450 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1935) 220 (MED) Qwete is a spyce, a wol good on, Kyng that is of euery corn.
1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Feb. f. 5 A goodly Oake..Whilome had bene the King of the field.
1634 R. Brathwait Strange Metamorphosis xxviii. sig. G8 Though the Pippin be held to be the king of Apples, yet is the Crab of an ancienter family then he.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xi. 311 The Plantain I take to be the King of all Fruit, not except the Coco it self.
1733 J. Tull Horse-hoing Husbandry v. 41 Wheat..is the King of Grains.
1786 R. Burns Poems 23 John Barleycorn, Thou king o' grain.
1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 14 Winter Sauce Apples..King of the pippins.
1842 Visitor Jan. 131/1 The pine is king of Scottish woods.
1910 Techn. World Mag. Apr. 211/1 (heading) Where the cactus is king.
1977 Pop. Sci. Mar. 191/2 (advt.) King of all berries..the all-time biggest, easiest-to-train, climbing strawberry.
2005 D. Burke Compl. Burke's Backyard 46/1 If there was a hierarchy of garden plants, the blue spruce would be considered to be the king of all plants.
c. Originally and chiefly U.S. Preceding a noun, esp. one denoting a commodity, crop, etc., and used as the name or mock title of a thing personified.Earliest in King Caucus n. at Compounds 4b. See also King Cotton n., King Willow n. at Compounds 4b.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > mock title
sir1362
Mas'1575
gallantship1579
elderberriness1589
excelsitude1599
bellyship1600
rascalship1605
madamship1620
muttonship1632
merchantshipa1640
minxshipa1640
prerogativeship1645
fairship1647
mayorship1648
his tallness1656
curship1663
goodyship1663
Mamamouchi1672
lowness1687
ghostship?1689
lairdship1715
grandship1747
supremacy1766
honourableship1767
beautyship1772
gravityship1772
titularity1777
lordship1800
ethereality1806
elegancy1819
king1823
accidency1830
transparency1844
1823 N.-Y. Spectator 28 Nov. That lamentable overthrow of the well-marshalled forces of King Caucus.
1861 Amer. Agriculturist Jan. 25/3 Mr. B. Long, produced one hundred and seventy eight bushels per acre...If there was no mistake in the measurement, ‘King Corn’ must install Mr. Long, as Prime Minister.
1893 Sugar Cane May 271 There is a rival to King Sugar, but the old monarch is not dead yet.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 14/1 The Americans pin their faith on the energetic reign of ‘young King Alcohol’ when he ascends the throne which for so long has been occupied by ‘Old King Coal’.
1979 Washington Post (Nexis) 24 July a1 (headline) Cotton, wheat and corn bowing to the reign of King soybean.
2015 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 16 Mar. 22 Ethanol is big money, and King Corn is up there with the big boys in DC tending to their corporate welfare.
d. With reference to a commodity or currency. Frequently in —— is king, as in e.g. cash is king. Cf. sense 10c.
ΚΠ
1839 London Sat. Jrnl. Nov. 329/1 Cash is king of the Exchange, but exchange rules cash.
1855 D. Christy (title) Cotton is king or, The culture of cotton, and its relation to agriculture, manufactures and commerce; [etc.].
1884 W. Shepherd Prairie Experiences 121 The dollar is king here as elsewhere.
1943 E. K. Brown On Canad. Poetry i. v. 20 Canada is a nation where the best-seller is king.
1984 Times 8 Aug. 26/7 Durham was very much a moderate area, producing redoubtable right-wing leaders... That was when coal was still king hereabouts.
2008 Independent on Sunday 20 July (Business section) 5/3 Gold had attractions but for now, cash is king.
11. In games.
a. Chess. The most important piece belonging to each player, which an opponent must checkmate in order to win the game, and which can usually only be moved one square at a time in any direction.Cf. kingside n. and adj. and king's bishop n., king's knight n., king's pawn n., king's rook n. at Compounds 5b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > chess > [noun] > pieces > king
king?c1425
?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1897) l. 2120 (MED) Somwhat I knowe a kynges draught.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) i. xxii. 27 Whan that a pown seyith to the kyng, chekmate!
1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Aviij Yf checke be geuen to the Kyng, the Paune can not marche asyde..for to couer his Kynge.
1597 G. B. tr. M. H. Vida Scacchia Ludus in tr. Damiano da Odemira Ludus Scacchiæ: Chesse-play sig. A4 When checke is giuen to the King, the Pawne cannot passe the barres of his way, for to succour him.
1645 Z. Boyd Holy Songs 443 Kings, Pawnes, Knights, Aphens heere and there stand; yet there wood is one.
1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess p. vi Never attack, or defend the king, without a sufficient force.
1750 tr. G. Greco Chess made Easy p. xiii The King leaps over the Rook [when castling],..into the Queen's Bishop's Place.
1841 G. Walker New Treat. Chess (ed. 3) 15 The Bishop is able..to confine and pin the Knight, until the King or some other piece comes up and takes him.
1890 R. F. Green Chess v. 17 The White Knight..attacks both the Black King and Queen.
1914 F. J. Marshall Marshall's Chess ‘Swindles’ 22/2 After submitting to the loss of two Pawns, his logical course is to attack the King at all costs.
1957 I. A. Horowitz How to win in Chess Endings 52 White's King must move, after which Black picks off White's Queen.
2006 Chess Dec. 47/1 The king reaches safety, and for Black the middlegame begins in earnest.
b. Cards. A card with a representation of a king on it, originally the highest card in its suit, but now sometimes ranked below the ace according to the game played.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > picture-card > king
king1563
cowboy1951
1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1298/1 Thoughe it were the Kyng of Clubbes.
a1593 C. Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. A6 Since thou hast all the Cardes, Within thy hands..thou deale thy selfe a King.
1645 E. Gayton Chartæ Scriptæ 2 Though at Gleeke, the Knave in Number be More then the King; Yet, the precedency Is given to him in play.
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester xii. 121 At French-Ruff..the King is the highest Card at Trumps.
?1720 Game of Quadrille ii. 11 He who has several Kings may call one of those he has in his own Hand.
1769 tr. Abbé Bellecour Acad. Play (new ed.) 122 King, Knave, Seven and Three of Spades.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxiv. 586 Caned..for carrying four kings in his hat besides those which he used in playing.
1879 ‘Cavendish’ Card Ess. 160 His partner..has his last trump drawn, and the ace and king of diamonds make.
1931 E. Linklater Juan in Amer. 180 He paid up to see Spider's hand and saw three kings.
1960 T. Reese Play Bridge with Reese 115 All follow to the Ace and King of hearts but the Queen does not drop.
2002 A. Bellin Poker Nation i. 12 I'm pretty sure that no one has a set of kings because the betting was too light.
c. In early forms of billiards: a peg, usually of ivory, positioned at one end of the table, which players attempt to hit with the ball in order to score points. Now rare (historical in later use).The king had fallen out of use by the middle of the 18th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > table > peg
kinga1672
pin1678
a1672 P. Skippon in F. Willughby Bk. of Games (2003) 102 He that playes first, standing at the end wher the King stands, carryes his ball as farre as he can reach with his staffe & then strikes it with his Biliard staffe.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. v. 262/2 The King is the little Pin or Peg standing at one end of the Table, which is to be of Ivory.
1873 J. Bennett & ‘Cavendish’ Billiards 4 The peculiarity of the game at this time consisted in the use of a small arch of ivory called the ‘port’.., and of an ivory peg or king, placed..at the other end of the table.
1985 N. Clare Billiards & Snooker Bygones 6/1 You can see the..‘port’ and also the ‘king’ or ‘peg’ in early illustrations of billiard tables.
2010 S. Boru Little Bk. Snooker 2 Points were gained by passing the ball through the ‘Port’ or hitting the ‘King’.
d. Draughts. A piece which is crowned (see crown v.1 13) on reaching the opponent's baseline, and which may subsequently be moved both forwards and backwards.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun] > crowned piece
king1677
1677 G. Miege New Dict. French & Eng. at Damer To double a man, or make a King at Draughts.
1733 Craftsman No. 376. 156 The game of Polish Draughts, where you will see the whole Board engaged in the important business of making Kings.
1756 W. Payne Introd. Game of Draughts 54 [On square] No. 13 a Black Man, 14, 15 Black Kings; 22, 23 White Kings, and Black to move.
1820 Hoyle's Games Improved 313 When any man gets onwards to the last row on the end of the board opposite to that from whence his colour started, then he becomes a king.
1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 445/2 The game proceeds until one of the players has all his men and kings taken, or has all those left on the board blocked.
1933 Pop. Mech. Jan. 4/2 After six moves the player whose king represents the largest number of points wins the game.
1981 G. Brandreth Everyman's Indoor Games 143 When a piece reaches one of the four squares at the far edge of the board it is promoted to a ‘king’.
2004 Atlanta May 108/2 The checker-player in the corner double-jumps a king.
12. Usually in plural. The largest of a system of grades used when sorting fuller's teasels. Now historical.Cf. queen n. 11c, middling n.1 2c, scrub n.2 4.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > putting nap on > teazle > class of
king1766
middling1766
scrub1766
queen1813
1766 Museum Rusticum 6 2 The largest heads which are sound, and are such as grow on the middle stem of each branch, are..called kings.
1797 J. Billingsley Gen. View Agric. Somerset (new ed.) 111 Teasels..are separated into three different parts, called kings, middlings, and scrubs.
1818 W. H. Marshall Rev. & Abstr. County Rep. to Board of Agric. II. 457 The central shoot of each plant called the ‘king’ is cut, the produce of the second and subsequent cuttings are sorted into ‘queens’, ‘middlings’, and ‘scrubs’.
1897 Fifty-sixth Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Agric. Soc. 311 Experiments show that, if the ‘kings’ be removed before the blossoming season the other teasels will attain larger size.
1916 Oregon Countryman Jan. 288/2 The first cutting generally includes all the ‘king’ heads.
1975 J. L. Jones Crafts from Countryside vii. 50 The Somerset teasel growers bunched their harvested heads in three categories—‘Kings’, ‘Middles’ and ‘Smalls’.
†13. Building. A vertical post in the centre of a roof truss, extending from the tie beam to the apex of the truss; = king post n. 1. Cf. queen n. 11b. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam > rafter > posts
pendant1359
pendant-post1359
side post1625
crown post1663
king piece1663
king post1669
hip pole1783
queen post1797
king1811
queen1811
middle post1819
ashlar-piece1869
wall-post1871
pendentive1893
1811 Skyring's Builder's Prices 12 Truss framed with King Posts..Do. with Kings and Queens.
1891 J. MacDonald Stephens's Bk. of Farm (ed. 4) III. 382/2 Tie-beams, 9 inches by 4; principals, 7 inches by 4; kings, 9 inches by 4.
14. Angling. An artificial fly used in salmon fishing. Chiefly in green king, purple king.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > salmon flies
salmon fly1704
kingfisher?1758
tartan1837
goldfinch1845
parr-tail1847
baker1848
butcher1860
Jock Scott1866
claret1867
colonel1867
king1867
major1867
Shannon fly1867
wasp1867
chimney-sweep1872
Jack Scott1874
hornet1876
winesop black1876
mystery1880
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling x. 343 I would prefer purple and green kings.
1874 Fraser's Mag. Mar. 284/1 A salmon in that glorious stream must be tempted with turkey and mallard feathers deftly manipulated into ‘green kings’.
1900 Sketch 12 Sept. 305/2 Princess Victoria is said to believe in the good qualities of a heavier rod, and, for salmon-fishing, a Green King fly.
1971 Field & Stream Nov. 96/2 The larger streamers, about 3-inches—Gray Ghost, Green King, Barred Lady,..brought the smallmouths with a rush.
2010 M. Radencich Twenty Salmon Flies Introd. p. ix An example of the absolute simplest salmon fly possible, the Black King.

Phrases

P1. In proverbs and proverbial phrases; esp. the king can do no wrong.
ΚΠ
OE Maxims II 28 Cyning sceal on healle beagas dælan.
lOE Distichs of Cato (Trin. Cambr.) lxxx, in Anglia (1972) 90 15 Wa þære þeode þe hæfð ælðeodigne cyng—ungemetfæstne, feoh georne, & unmildheortne—for on þære þeode byð his gitsung, & his modes gnornung on his earde.
a1300 in Englische Studien (1900) 31 15 (MED) Þar þe child is kinge, and þe cherl is alderman..wa þene lede.
c1450 (?a1400) Parl. Thre Ages (BL Add. 31042) l. 33 (MED) Ane hert..of body grete, And a coloppe for a kynge, cache hym who myghte.
1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. A.iiij Multae regum aures, atque oculi. Kynges haue many eares & manye eyes.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xii. sig. F Where as nothyng is, the kyng must lose his ryght.
1591 Troublesome Raigne Iohn ii. sig. E v A King is a King, though fortune do her worst.
1612 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote: Pt. 1 iv. xii. 429 A Kings crumme is more worth then a Lords loafe.
1659 J. Howell Eng. Prov. 3/1 in Παροιμιογραϕια The Kings cheese goes half away in parings; viz., among so many Officers.
1689 R. Milward Selden's Table-talk 27 The King can do no wrong, that is no Process can be granted against him.
1752 B. Franklin Poor Richard's Almanack 212 Kings have long Arms, but misfortune longer.
1788 R. Burns Let. 16 Aug. (2001) I. 306 The old Scots Proverb says well—‘King's caff is better than ither folks' corn’.
1844 Jurist 7 227/2 It is true indeed, that the king never dies; the demise is immediately followed by the succession.
1864 Daily Tel. 20 Aug. Constitutional aphorists tell us that the King can do no wrong.
1892 H. R. Haggard Nada the Lily vi. 43 Kings have many ears. Could he have heard?
1969 D. R. Cressey Theft of Nation ix. 206 The ‘law of the land’ does not apply to him. The king can do no wrong.
2010 P. Walker Courier's Tale (2011) iii. 152 You will not be pardoned for that. Remember, the King has a long arm.
P2. In similative phrases, esp. as happy (also rich) as a king.
ΚΠ
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 46 Oure hoost..gan to speke as lordly as a kyng.
?1565 Enterlude of Youth sig. A.ivv I wyll make as mery as a kinge.
1578 T. Lupton All for Money sig. C.j I euer haue ynough wherewith I am content, So that contentation makes me as rich as a king.
1644 Winters Tale xliv. sig. Bv He thought himselfe as happy as a King.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. xvi. 70 Which made the Dog get on his Legs, pleas'd like a little King, or two [Fr. aise comme vn Roy ou deux].
a1732 J. Gay New Song Similes in Poet. Wks. (1784) II. 117 Full as an egg was I with glee, And happy as a king.
1767 W. Dodd Poems Pref. Mod. Pastorals 210 I think myself as happy as a shepherd.., and as rich as a king.
1831 Youth's Keepsake 20 He entered the house, calling out, ‘Mother, mother, I'm as rich as a king!’
1847 Let. 7 May in Ann. Propagation Faith (1849) 10 149 I am always as happy as an angel, as content as a king.
1920 H. St. J. Cooper Sunny Ducrow lxv. 478 Gibbins was installed in Mrs. Bagley's front bedroom, as happy as a king.
1968 V. Hamilton House of Dies Drear 204 He got to thinking hard about old Mr. Drear dying wealthy as a king.
2013 Africa News (Nexis) 8 Dec. A man..can be as poor as a church rat, and yet be as happy as a king.
P3. Phrasal combinations with of and following noun.
a. General uses.
(a) king of the castle n.
a. A person holding a pre-eminent position, rank or place; a dominant or successful person.Cf. king of the hill n. a at Phrases 3a(e), king of the mountain n. b at Phrases 3a(g)(i).It is possible that the use in quot. 1811 is an allusion to the game described at sense b, and so implies earlier currency of that sense.
ΚΠ
1811 Rep. J. Lancaster's Progress 9 The committee visited the school in the master's absence, and found this excellent lad, to use a school-boy's expression, ‘king of the castle’.
1927 Daily Tel. 6 Sept. 7/7 My daughter's young man wants to be king of the castle,..and the trouble is that the missus thinks more of him than she does of me.
1978 J. G. MacGregor John Rowand xi. 159 At Edmonton House he was the king of the castle.
2015 Guardian (Nexis) 2 Nov. Hollywood's king of the castle, Steven Spielberg, has been in subdued mode for some time.
b. Also with capital initials. A children's game in which one player must keep the others from occupying his or her place at the summit of a hill or other high position; the title given to that player (often as part of a rhyme; see e.g. quot. 1928).Cf. king of the hill n. b at Phrases 3a(e), king of the mountain n. a at Phrases 3a(g)(i).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > others
buckle-pit1532
marrowbone1533
put-pin?1577
primus secundus1584
fox in the hole1585
haltering of Hick's mare1585
muss1591
pushpin1598
Jack-in-the-box1600
a penny in the forehead1602
buckerels1649
bumdockdousse1653
peck-point1653
toro1660
wheelbarrow1740
thread-needle1751
thrush-a-thrush1766
runaway ring?1790
Gregory1801
pick-point1801
fighting cocks1807
runaway knock1813
tit-tat-toe1818
French and English1820
honeypots1821
roly-poly1821
tickle-tail1821
pottle1822
King of Cantland1825
tip-top-castle1834
tile1837
statue1839
chip stone1843
hen and chickens1843
king of the castle1843
King Caesar1849
rap-jacket1870
old witch1881
tick-tack-toe1884
twos and threes1896
last across (the road)1904
step1909
king of the hill1928
Pooh-sticks1928
trick or treat1928
stare-you-out1932
king of the mountain1933
dab cricket1938
Urkey1938
trick-or-treating1941
seven-up1950
squashed tomato1959
slot-racing1965
Pog1993
knights-
1843 Boy's Own Bk. (Paris ed.) 39 King of the Castle. One player gets on the top of a little hillock or mound of earth, and styles himself ‘King of the Castle’; from this eminent station his playmates must..pull or push him off.
1892 G. A. Hutchison Outdoor Games & Recreations xxix. 463 In King of the Castle the king stands in the centre on a hillock or box or platform, and defends it against all comers.
1928 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 41 107 Standing upon a stone, a player says,—‘I am the king of the castle, And you are the dirty rascal,’—and the other players try to dislodge him.
1985 T. Ferguson Onyx John (1988) viii. 273 His friends were standing on the chairs..and playing King of the Castle on top the TV.
2012 Times (Nexis) 10 Nov. My famously antisocial daughter was charging around playing king-of-the-castle with a handful of girls.
(b)
King of Christmas n. now historical a man chosen to preside over revelries during the Christmas period; cf. King of Misrule, variant of Lord of Misrule n. at misrule n. 4, Christmas Lord n. at Christmas n.1 and int. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
c1448 in W. Hudson Rec. City of Norwich (1906) I. 345 (MED) John Gladman of Norwich..made a disporte with his neighburghs..crowned as King of Kristmesse.
a1689 A. Behn Mem. Court King of Bantam 13 in Hist. & Novels (1697) Hail, King that Wou'd be! Hail, thou King of Christmas! All Hail, Wou'd be King of Bantam!
1796 J. Gutch tr. A. Wood Hist. & Antiq. Univ. Oxf. II. 136 Letters under seal were pretended to have been brought from some place beyond sea, for the election of a King of Christmas, or Misrule.
1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales 84 All the hereditary pastimes of Old England were transplanted hither. The King of Christmas was duly crowned, and the Lord of Misrule bore potent sway.
1926 L. F. Salzman Eng. Life in Middle Ages iv. 99 At the head of all the riotous fun was ‘the lord of misrule’, one of the servants, who wore a fantastic costume and held absolute sway as King of Christmas.
2009 Stud. Philol. 106 322 The Black Books for Lincoln's Inn provide only a few details about the Christmas revels. It is clear, however, that a ‘King of Christmas’ was chosen, with attending officers.
(c)
king of day n. chiefly poetic and literary (a name given to) the sun; cf. queen of the night n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > sun > [noun]
lightOE
sunOE
Phoebusc1275
the sheenc1400
Titana1413
solc1450
wheel1558
day-sun1570
day star1596
king of day1596
flame-god1598
Aten1877
1596 J. Davies Orchestra sig. B Vnder that spangled skye, fiue wandring flames, Besides the King of Day, and Queene of Night, Are wheel'd around.
1607 J. Day et al. Trauailes Three Eng. Brothers sig. B4v Our King of day, and our fayre Queene of nights, Walke ouer vs with their perpetuall lights.
1697 T. Cheesman Peace Triumphant (single sheet) The Sun that great resplendent King of Day, Compar'd with him, is but a lump of Clay.
1727 J. Thomson Summer 10 Yonder comes the powerful King of Day, rejoycing in the East.
1755 F. Fawkes tr. E. Halley in Misc. Corr. 4 in Gen. Mag. Arts & Sci. Thron'd in the center glows the king of day, And rules all nature with unbounded sway.
1823 T. Campbell Last Man 35, in New Monthly Mag. 8 273 Yet mourn I not thy parted sway, Thou dim discrowned king of day.
1879 H. T. King Songs of Heart 7 Nature hails in bright array Her bosom's lord the king of day.
1903 S. J. Marshall King of Kor ix. 80 The warm embrace of that great orb of light and heat, the King of Day.
1998 P. Haydn Astrological Moon ii. 6 The Sun became identified as the King of Day, the God of Light.
(d)
King of Heralds n. now archaic a herald who grants the right to wear or display arms, a King of Arms; spec. the Garter King of Arms; cf. king herald n. at Compounds 4a, King of Arms n. [After post-classical Latin rex haraldorum (from 13th cent. in British sources) and Anglo-Norman rei des herauds (1292 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldry > herald > [noun] > King of Arms
King of Arms1427
in arms1466
Windsor herald1473
king heralda1475
garter?1504
King of Heralds1538
King at Arms1548
Lyon Herald1596
Lord Lyonc1600
1538 J. Husee Let. 9 Apr. in Lisle Papers (P.R.O.: SP 3/12/39) f. 42 At whose buryall ther was the kyng of haraldes, a harald and a pursywuant.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Qq1v King of Heradls [sic]..is an officer at Armes, that hath the preeminence of this Society.
1724 J. Anstis Reg. Order of Garter II. 281 No Person was advanced to be a King of Heralds without passing through the Office of an Herald at Arms.
1842 J. Burke & J. B. Burke Gen. Armory Eng. p. ii No King of Heralds, or his subordinates, shall wear any armour.
1977 O. Neubecker Heraldry Sources, Symbols & Meaning 12 At their head stood a king-at-arms or king of heralds, followed by the heralds a step below.
2011 R. A. Johnston All Things Medieval I. 334 The leader of the heralds was called the king of heralds, or king of arms.
(e) king of the hill n.
colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.)
a. A person (or occasionally animal) holding a pre-eminent position, rank or place; a dominant or successful person or animal.Cf. king of the castle n. a at Phrases 3a(a), king of the mountain n. b at Phrases 3a(g)(i).
ΚΠ
1921 Daily Silver Belt (Miami, Arizona) 8 Nov. 2/6 After Rex had introduced his new muzzle to all the other dogs, he was king of the hill.
1962 Washington Post 27 Jan. b18 (caption) Art Wall Jr., new ‘king of the hill’ of NBC-TV's ‘All-Star Golf’ show defends his title against Bob Rosburg today.
1998 Maclean's 9 Feb. (Nagano Diary Insert between pages 44 and 45) Norwegian king of the hill Terje Haakonsen is boycotting today's freestyle half-pipe event.
2012 N. Silver Signal & Noise iii. 97 One moment, they were the king of the hill in high school; the next, they are..reading about their failures on the Internet.
b. A children's game in which one player must keep the others from occupying his or her place at the summit of a hill or other high position; the title given to that player; also in extended use.Cf. king of the castle n. b at Phrases 3a(a), king of the mountain n. a at Phrases 3a(g)(i).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > others
buckle-pit1532
marrowbone1533
put-pin?1577
primus secundus1584
fox in the hole1585
haltering of Hick's mare1585
muss1591
pushpin1598
Jack-in-the-box1600
a penny in the forehead1602
buckerels1649
bumdockdousse1653
peck-point1653
toro1660
wheelbarrow1740
thread-needle1751
thrush-a-thrush1766
runaway ring?1790
Gregory1801
pick-point1801
fighting cocks1807
runaway knock1813
tit-tat-toe1818
French and English1820
honeypots1821
roly-poly1821
tickle-tail1821
pottle1822
King of Cantland1825
tip-top-castle1834
tile1837
statue1839
chip stone1843
hen and chickens1843
king of the castle1843
King Caesar1849
rap-jacket1870
old witch1881
tick-tack-toe1884
twos and threes1896
last across (the road)1904
step1909
king of the hill1928
Pooh-sticks1928
trick or treat1928
stare-you-out1932
king of the mountain1933
dab cricket1938
Urkey1938
trick-or-treating1941
seven-up1950
squashed tomato1959
slot-racing1965
Pog1993
knights-
1928 Canton (Ohio) Daily News 22 Apr. iv. 5/2 An exciting game of ‘King of the Hill’ was played, after which the scouts sat around the camp fire.
1940 Harper's Mag. 1 Dec. 360/1 Men of giant stature—Drake and Hawkins.., Nelson, and De Grasse—played king of the hill on every hump of Antillean land.
1980 Minnesota Hist. 47 152/1 We played ‘king of the hill’ in the cool shade of the shed, with one or another of us standing at the top of the pile and fending off challengers.
2012 F. Starsburger Growing Up vii. 51 King of the Hill..has no really satisfactory ending, because whoever wins has made a pack of enemies, each of whose goal is to replace him.
(f) King of kings n.
a. Christian Church. (A title of or name for) God or Jesus Christ. In early use also kings' king, all kings' king.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun]
the Most HigheOE
highesteOE
alwaldendOE
drightinOE
godOE
King of kingsOE
heavenOE
lordOE
sky?1518
gossea1556
beingc1600
deity1647
Master of the Universe1765
Morimo1824
Molimo1861
Gawd1877
big guy1925
Modimo1958
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun]
soneOE
godOE
son of manOE
Abraham's seedOE
King of kingsOE
Christ almightyOE
ChristOE
JesusOE
lordOE
Our LordOE
Jesus Christc1175
Christ Jesusc1330
second personc1380
holiesta1400
Son of Goda1425
Man of Sorrows1577
OE Blickling Homilies 203 Ealle eaðmodlice to þæm cyninga Cyninge, to Criste sylfum, onhnigan.
c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 78 He ane is God & allre kynges kyng.
a1225 (c1200) Vices & Virtues (1888) 95 He..is alre kiningene [perhaps read kingene] kyng.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. xvii. 14 For he is Lord of lordis and kyng of kyngis[1611 King James For he is Lord of Lords, and King of kings; L. Dominus dominorum est et rex regum].
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 182 To him that is of kingis king.
1559 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16292a Prelim. No. 2) Letany sig. B.iiiiv O Lorde oure heauenly father, high and mightye king of kinges, Lorde of Lordes, the only ruler of princes.
1654 W. Dewsbury True Prophecy (title page) He..is exalting Jesus Christ to be King of Kings, to go before his Army which he hath raised up in the North of England.
1695 T. Ken Man. Prayers Winchester Coll. (rev. ed.) 145 Keep me, O keep me King of kings, Under thy own Almighty Wings.
1752 T. Hudson Poems Several Occas. i. 100 Thou Holy One of Israel, King of Kings..Ritely we praise.
1817 Panoplist Aug. 239 God is a great King, the King of kings, the Lord of lords, what shall we say?
1894 J. M. Foster Christ the King ii. 90 It is our purpose to proclaim the Lord Jesus Christ as the King of kings.
1926 Boys' Life Feb. 15/3 Speak true, live pure, right wrong, Follow the King of Kings.
1971 Life 14 May 86/1 Jesus Christ,..the same King of Kings and Lord of Lords who walked on water.
2008 Third Way Oct. 20/1 These are eternal truths declared by the Lord of life and the King of kings.
b. (A title of) a king, esp. in the ancient world, who rules over other kings; an emperor. Now chiefly historical. [In use here and at sense a originally after post-classical Latin rex regum, used with reference to secular rulers as well as the Judaeo-Christian God (itself partly after Aramaic meleḵ malḵayyā in Ezra 7:12 (the passage translated in quot. a1382) and Daniel 2:37, and partly after Hebrew meleḵ mĕlāḵīm (see Moloch n.) and Hellenistic Greek βασιλεὺς βασιλέων (see basilic adj.)) and classical Latin rēx rēgum, itself after Hellenistic Greek and its model Old Persian xšāyaθiya χšāyaθiyanam (see shah n.), the latter (like Hebrew and Aramaic) itself after Akkadian šar šarrānī overking. Compare also ancient Egyptian nsw nswyw , with reference to pharaohs and gods (compare sense a). Compare Great King n. at great adj., n., adv., and int. Compounds 1e.
In quot. a1552 apparently after Irish rí ruirech (although historically the term was usually applied to a ruler of a province rather than to the High King of Ireland).
In quot. 1603 after Ottoman Turkish sulṭānüʾs-selāṭīn ( < Arabic sulṭān al-salāṭīn (see sultan n.), itself after Persian: see below).
In quots. 1815 and 1876 after Persian šāhanšāh Shahanshah n.
In quot. 1975 after Ge'ez nəguśä nägäst (see Negus n.1), probably itself after Hellenistic Greek βασιλεὺς βασιλέων (see basilic adj.).]
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun] > high or chief king
overkingc1175
King of kingsa1382
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) 1 Esdras vii. 12 Artaxerses, king of kingus [L. rex regum], to Esdre, the prest.
a1552 J. Leland De Rebus Brit. Collectanea (1715) I. ii. 547 Edwarde de Bruse,..proclayming hym self King of Kinges yn Ireland.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 571 Solyman by the grace of God, King of Kings, Lord of Lords, greatest Emperour of Constantinople..to the reuerend Father Phillippus Villerius Lilladamus.., greeting.
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 48 There is a quadrobulary saying, which passes current in the Westerne world, That the Emperour is King of Kings, the Spaniard, King of Men, the French, King of Asses, the King of England, King of Devills.
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 565 The King of Kings, majestically tall, Tow'rs o'er his Armies, and outshines them all.
1769 O. Goldsmith Rom. Hist. II. xi. 298 The king of Parthia, in one of his letters, styled himself king of kings.
1815 J. Malcolm Hist. Persia I. vi. 92 The son of Babek was hailed..with the proud title of Shahan Shah, or King of Kings.
1876 A. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. June 32 The King-of-Kings graciously signified his willingness to accept.
1975 Jet 11 Sept. 7/1 Emperor Haile Selassie I, ‘King of Kings, Elect of God, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah’, is dead.
2008 Cruising World May 24/2 The king of Kosrae was the king of kings and lived in a fabulous fortress.
(g)
(i) king of the mountain n.
a. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.). Also with capital initials. A children's game in which one player must keep the others from occupying his or her place at the summit of a hill or other high position; the title given to that player.Cf. king of the castle n. b at Phrases 3a(a), king of the hill n. b at Phrases 3a(e).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > others
buckle-pit1532
marrowbone1533
put-pin?1577
primus secundus1584
fox in the hole1585
haltering of Hick's mare1585
muss1591
pushpin1598
Jack-in-the-box1600
a penny in the forehead1602
buckerels1649
bumdockdousse1653
peck-point1653
toro1660
wheelbarrow1740
thread-needle1751
thrush-a-thrush1766
runaway ring?1790
Gregory1801
pick-point1801
fighting cocks1807
runaway knock1813
tit-tat-toe1818
French and English1820
honeypots1821
roly-poly1821
tickle-tail1821
pottle1822
King of Cantland1825
tip-top-castle1834
tile1837
statue1839
chip stone1843
hen and chickens1843
king of the castle1843
King Caesar1849
rap-jacket1870
old witch1881
tick-tack-toe1884
twos and threes1896
last across (the road)1904
step1909
king of the hill1928
Pooh-sticks1928
trick or treat1928
stare-you-out1932
king of the mountain1933
dab cricket1938
Urkey1938
trick-or-treating1941
seven-up1950
squashed tomato1959
slot-racing1965
Pog1993
knights-
1933 Oak Leaves (Oak Park, Illinois) 23 Feb. 31/1 ‘King of the Mountain’, the game of climbing to the top of a snow pile and shoving those down who attempt to dislodge you.
1991 M. Halvorson To Everything a Season 95 Two of them are playing king of the mountain, trying to push each other off a big mound of dirt.
2008 K. Hemphill Eternal Impact xxi. 144 The game begins..when someone climbs to the top of a high mound of dirt and declares himself to be ‘king of the mountain’.
b. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.). Also with capital initials. A person holding a pre-eminent position, rank or place; a dominant or successful person; also in extended use.Cf. king of the castle n. a at Phrases 3a(a), king of the hill n. a at Phrases 3a(e).
ΚΠ
1967 N.Y. Times 27 Mar. 42/3 U.C.L.A. [basketball team] is king of the mountain, with unanimous backing to remain there for two more seasons.
1971 Q. Rev. Biol. 46 63/1 It is the very nature of the judgmental process in the humanities that makes the hero role more vague in its outlines, and the king of the mountain always stands on shifting sands.
2012 T. Wendel Summer of '68 (2013) ii. 38 While the Celtics' comeback against the favored 76ers certainly earned national headlines, baseball remained king of the mountain.
(ii)
King of the Mountains n. (also with lower-case initials) (an award given to) the person in a multistage cycling race who is most successful in the mountain stages.
ΚΠ
1953 Irish Times 20 Mar. 3/3 A four-day massed start bicycle race... There will also be team awards, as well as a special ‘King of the Mountains’ award.
1991 Cycling Weekly 27 July 11/1 The result sheets, blue for the stage results, yellow (of course) for the overall standings, green for the points contest and red for the king of the mountains.
2004 J. Wilcockson 23 Days in July (2005) ii. 41 The man gleaning the highest total over the twenty-three days is called the King of the Mountains and gets to wear a red-and-white polka-dot jersey.
(h)
King of (the) Sacrifices n. (also King of Sacrifice) [after classical Latin rēx sacrōrum] now historical (a title for) an ancient Roman priest who carried out ritual duties on behalf of, or in place of, the king.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > various non-Christian superiors > [noun] > Roman
king of the sacrificesc1540
king-sacrificer1600
Syriarch1840
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1901) I. iii. xiii. 300 Grete Iupiter and romulus..and all þe remanent kingis eftir him succeding, & þe kingis of sacrifice, ar callit men.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 172 It neuer came to be his happe to be yerely gouernour, nor keeper of the lawes, nor King of the sacrifices.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 871 The officer at Rome called Rex sacrorum, that is to say, the king of sacrifices.
1668 J. Wells Pract. Sabbatarian lii. 741 It was not lawful for the King of the Sacrifices..to see a work done on their holy days.
1700 P. Danet Compl. Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. sig. Bbb3 The Wife of the King of the Sacrifices was called Regina.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxviii. 71 The King of the Sacrifices represented the person of Numa, and of his successors, in the religious functions, which could be performed only by royal hands.
1862 N. Darnell tr. J. J. I. von Döllinger Gentile & Jew in Courts Temple of Christ II. vii. ii. 66 The wife of the king of sacrifice was styled ‘queen’, and had to assist him in certain sacrifices.
1884 Lippincott's Mag. Apr. 350/2 The King of the Sacrifices—Rex Sacrorum—offered on this day a sacrifice upon the Comitium.
1988 J. Stambaugh Anc. Rom. City ii. 18 The Domus Publica..housed the ‘King of Sacrifices’, who performed on behalf of the state the sacred rites that had been the king's responsibility.
2009 S. Hitch (title) The king of sacrifice: ritual and royal authority in the Iliad.
2012 J. Rüpke Relig. in Republican Rome i. 19 Ritual tasks..were in the postmonarchic state performed by the supreme pontiff (pontifex maximus) and the ‘king of the sacrifices’ (rex sacrorum).
b. With reference to animals.
(a) As the name of an animal, typically one that is larger, more colourful, or more valued as food than others related to it. Cf. Compounds 4c.
(i)
† king of the anteaters n. [after French †le roi des fourmilliers (1772 or earlier)] Obsolete rare the variegated antpitta, Grallaria varia, a brownish, thrush-like bird of tropical lowland forests of South America, which feeds upon ants and other invertebrates.
ΚΠ
1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VI. 403 The King of the Ant-eaters [Fr. le Roi des fourmilliers]..is about the size of a quail, and its grey plumage is agreeably variegated.
1845 J. F. South in Encycl. Metrop. XXII. 378/1 It is the rarest of the genus, and is called King of the Anteaters by the inhabitants of Cayenne, on account of its size.
(ii)
king of the breams n. now rare the common pandora of the North and Mediterranean Seas and eastern Atlantic Ocean, Pagellus erythrinus, which is a popular food fish in the Mediterranean region.
ΚΠ
1810 Encycl. Londinensis V. 542/2 Among these fish there is sometimes found one distinguished by colours more beautiful and bright: this the fisherman [sic] call ‘the king of the breams’.
1843 R. Hamilton Nat. Hist. Brit. Fishes (Naturalist's Libr.: Ichthyol. IV) I. 175 This fish is known at Brixham by the name of Pandora, and King of the Breams, and sells for half as much more as the common Sea-bream.
1904 F. G. Aflalo Brit. Salt-water Fishes iv. 125 The Pandora, or King of the Breams (P. erythrinus), which is red, with blue spots.
1954 M. Kennedy Sea Angler's Fishes iii. 114 Travis Jenkins gives popular names as Pandora, King of the Breams and Spanish Bream.
(iii)
king of the herrings n. (also king of herrings, †king of herring) †(a) the largest herring in a shoal, traditionally identified as its leader (obsolete); (b) any of various large, typically solitary fishes which feed upon or are sometimes found near or amongst shoals of herring, esp. the giant oarfish, Regalecus glesne and (formerly) the rabbitfish, Chimaera monstrosa; (c) a shad, spec. the allis shad, Alosa alosa. [Compare early modern Dutch †koninck van den harinck , †kooninck van den harinc (a1581) large herring, Dutch haringkoning giant oarfish (1858), German Heringskönig the John Dory, Zeus faber (1588), and also Danish sildekonge large herring (1753 in the source translated in quot. 1755), giant oarfish (1858). Compare further French roi des harengs large herring (1768 or earlier; after English), rabbitfish (1788 or earlier), giant oarfish (1827 or earlier).
Compare earlier mother of the herrings n. at mother n.1 Compounds 6a.]
ΚΠ
1616 P. Hay Vision Balaams Asse ix. 163 The Bees haue their King, the Cranes haue their leader, the Herring of the sea, and the creeping Ants haue the same.]
1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 143 There is big Herring almost double the size of any of its kind, which leads all that are in a Bay... This Leader is by the Fishers called the King of Herring.
1755 A. Berthelson tr. E. Pontoppidan Nat. Hist. Norway ii. vi. 144 They have always a leader of their own species, which is eighteen inches long, and proportionably broad. This is related by Martin, in his Description...The fishermen call this Fish the King of the Herrings [Dan. Silde-Konge], and never touch him.
1803 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. IV. ii. 194 This fish [sc. Regalecus Glesne] is said to be generally seen either preceding or accompanying the shoals of herrings in the northern seas, for which reason it is popularly known by the title of King of the Herrings.
1810 Encycl. Londinensis IV. 431/2 Daubenton..calls it [sc. Chimæra monstrosa] ‘king of the herrings,’ probably because it feeds on herrings.
1834 Standard (London) 24 July The King of the Herrings has been decidedly murdered... He was 22 inches long, 12 inches round, and 3½lb. weight.
1863 J. G. Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. (new ed.) III. 316 Except in size, the Shad bears a very close resemblance to a herring, and in some places is called the King of Herrings.
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. III. 207 The popular name of opah, and king of the herrings.
1905 A. Sedgwick Student's Text-bk. Zool. II. 158 C. monstrosa L., King of the Herrings; attains 3 or 4 ft.
1973 J. Grigson Internat. Wine & Food Soc. Guide Fish Cookery 181 The shad, of whatever kind, is a fine fat member of the herring family–it is sometimes known as the king of the herrings.
2012 J. Eyers How to snog Hagfish! v. 71 Several creatures fit the bill, particularly the King of Herrings, which isn't actually related to herrings at all.
(iv)
king of the mullets n. (also king of the mullet) (a) the cardinal fish, a small fish of the Mediterranean Sea and equatorial regions of the eastern Atlantic coast, Apogon imberbis, having large eyes, a reddish or pink body, and a long pectoral fin; (b) Irish English (northern) the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. A. imberbis was formerly in the genus Mullus (the mullets).
ΚΠ
1752 J. Hill Gen. Nat. Hist. III. 265 The red Smoothheaded Trigla, without any beards. The King of the Mullets.
1838 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 352 The very few Basse (Labrax Lupus, Cuv.) taken in Belfast bay..are generally captured along with M[ugil] Chelo, and are hence called ‘white mullet’ and ‘king of the mullet’.
1880–4 F. Day Fishes Great Brit. & Ireland I. 9 White-mullet and king of the mullets, Belfast.
1899 Science 15 Dec. 880/1 Apogon maculatus (Poey). King-of-the-mullets. This species has been recorded from Florida, the West Indies, and Brazil.
1957 Irish Press 28 Oct. 6/8 The name they have for it in County Down is ‘King of the Mullet’.
2001 P. V. August et al. Vertebr. Rhode Island 24 (table) Apogon imbrebis. King-of-the-mullets. Adventitious Visitor.
2007 P. S. Maitland Scotl. Freshwater Fish ii. 292/1 It has a variety of alternative common names, including Bass, King of the Mullet, Salmon Bass, School Bass, Sea Perch, White Mullet.
(v)
king of the salmon n. chiefly North American a ribbonfish of the Pacific coast of the Americas, Trachypterus altivelis.In the legends of the Makah people of the northwestern United States, this fish leads salmon to their spawning grounds each year.
ΚΠ
1889 Cent. Dict. King of the salmon, a fish Trachypterus altivelis.
1894 Washington Post 4 Feb. 15 A smaller fish of this type..is occasionally taken off our coast and known as king of the salmon. (Trachypterus rex-salmonorum.) The Chinnock [sic] Indians believe that if this fish is caught the salmon will cease running.
1959 Star & Times (Swan River, Manitoba) 10 Dec. 2/5 The King of the salmon is occasionally seen on the surface of the water off Canada's west coast.
1983 W. N. Eschmeyer & E. S. Herald Field Guide Pacific Coast Fishes N. Amer. v. 121 (heading) King-of-the-salmon Trachipterus altivelis.
(vi)
† king of the sea breams n. Obsolete rare the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus.
ΚΠ
1885 S. Fallows Progressive Dict. Eng. Lang. at Becker A fish of the genus Pagrus, otherwise called braize or king of the sea-breams.
1904 Public Libr. Jrnl. 4 123/2 These include..a fine Becker (Pagrus vulgaris), or, as it is sometimes called, King of the Sea Breams.
(vii)
king of six n. South African (now rare) any of several polygamous (or supposedly polygamous) South African birds; esp. the pin-tailed whydah, Vidua macroura.In quot. 1913: the common waxbill, Estrilda astrild, possibly confused with the pin-tailed whydah, which is a brood parasite of this species.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Estrildidae (wax-bill) > genus Estrilda
rooibekkie1793
swee1908
king of six1913
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Viduinae (whydah) > types of
painted finch1731
rooibek1867
king rooibekkie1868
shaft-tailed whydah1881
king of six1913
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > genus Guplectes (bishop-bird)
sakabula1877
bishop-bird1884
red bishop1884
king of six1913
bishop1934
1913 C. Pettman Africanderisms 260 King of six, a King Williamstown name for the Rooibekje (q.v.). The reference is to the number of females by which the male is generally accompanied during the breeding season.
1931 R. C. Bolster Land & Sea Birds S.-W. Cape 133 Of the two Bishop Birds, the Black and Yellow one is said to be polygamous, whence the name ‘King of Six’ in the vicinity of Cape Town.
1972 Auk 89 210 On the dust jacket is a viduine finch, this one a King-of-six.
(b) As a name for an animal regarded as pre-eminent within a broad class or type.
(i)
king of beasts n. the lion, spec. a male lion. [Probably after post-classical Latin rex bestiarum (c700 in British sources); compare classical Latin rēx in this sense.] In quot. OE with more general reference to the lion as king of wild animals.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Panthera > panthera leo or lion
lionc825
king of beastsa1393
simba1872
OE Homily (Junius 121) in Studi Medievali (1972) 13 1002 Seo leo bið cyng & ealdor ealra reðra wilddeora.]
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. l. 2167 As leon is the king of bestes.
a1450 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (Bodl.) xviii. lxiv Hatte leo kinge for he is kinge and prince of al oþer bestes.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 3 How the kynge of alle bestes the lyon helde his court.
a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 57 (MED) A lyon is kyng of bestes.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 166 The king of beistis mak I the [sc. the lion].
a1670 S. Collins Systeme Anat. (1685) i. ii. xviii. 269 A Lion, the King of Beasts, is furnished with a Stomach, having larger Dimensions in the bottom, and toward the left side, and more narrow toward the middle.
1727 W. Nelson Laws of Eng. conc. Game 60 He who had beaten the King of Beasts, should never afterwards encounter an inferior Creature.
1836 Christian's Penny Mag. 11 June 185/1 Some of the most remarkable passages both in the Old and the New Testament allude to the distinguishing qualities of this majestic animal, so commonly designated the king of beasts.
1871 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel 20 Mar. The lioness was driven to the back part of the cage, the door was raised, and the king of beasts was pushed into his den.
1900 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 24 Mar. 1/5 The heroic demeanour of the terroriser of the king of beasts in the lions' cage.
1946 Times 6 Sept. 5/4 The lion-tamer, of course, does not compel the king of beasts to do his bidding by physical force.
2015 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 2 Aug. 20 They had been tracking the lion on foot for hours, and now, under a scorching Kalahari Desert sun, the king of beasts stood a mere 25 yards away.
(ii)
king of birds n. (a) the eagle; (b) the Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes; (occasionally also) the European robin Erithacus rubecula (now rare).Both the wren and the robin are also called little king. [Compare classical Latin rēx avium wren.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > eagles > eagle
erneOE
eaglec1350
king of fowlsc1475
king of birds1575
bird of Jove1612
iron1623
yearna1797
kingbird1840
1538 T. Elyot Dict. Trochilos, a lyttell byrde, whiche is callyd kynge of byrdes.
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 8 This is that Eagle whome we call the Egle royall, king of byrdes, and sometimes the byrde of Iupiter.
1640 J. Shirley Opportunitie v. I3v The small thing is King of birds.
1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 72 The King of Birds..with fullsummd wings fastning his Talents East and West.
1714 Bird-fancier's Delight 39 (header) Of the King of Birds, or the little King, called the Robin-Red-Breast.
1746 E. Haywood Female Spectator IV. xix. 53 Of what Advantage would it be for us to fly..or could soar with the King of Birds.
1840 J. J. Audubon Birds Amer. I. 50 When at a great height in the air, its gyrations are uncommonly beautiful..and becoming the majesty of the king of birds.
1890 Boston Daily Globe 26 Dec. 6/6 In Ireland the wren is called the king of birds.
1937 Times 4 May 12/4 I would suggest that probably the origin of the name ‘Royal Wren or King of Birds’ goes back to Saxon times.
1943 Boys' Life Apr. 23/1 Bill was truly of royal blood, justly called through the ages, the King of Birds, and he looked the part.
2008 C. Berry Sphere Birds i. 18 The third, his voice not yet broken, sang a song about the king of birds ‘caught in the furze’.
2012 Berkshire Eagle (Pittsfield, Mass.) 2 Feb. a5/6 He is the bird of Odin, Sky and Sun Gods for Native Americans, Zeus' bird, the symbol of Christ, of Napoleon, of Peter the Great, of Vishnu. He is the King of Birds.
(iii)
king of fish n. (also king of fishes) the salmon.
ΚΠ
1590 W. Clever Flower of Phisicke 97 Ruellius with many other excellent writers, doe commend the Sammon king of fishes, which of verie nature ministreth great safetie to the body of man, both in sickenesse and health.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 29 Lastly, the Sammon, king of fish, Fils with good cheare the Christmas dish.
1857 Bell's Life in London 29 Nov. 5/5 We omitted..to name the Book of the Salmon amongst the works written by Ephemera, and an important one it is from its sterling and accurate account of the natural history of the king of fish.
1911 F. Ward Marvels Fish Life v. 80 Notices have appeared in the Press such as ‘salmon caught in the Thames’, or in some other waters equally uncongenial to the King of Fishes, the fish caught really being a sea-trout.
1982 New Scientist 29 Apr. 286 The Thames Water Authority has successfully restocked the capital's main waterway with salmon—the king of fish.
2011 M. Halls Monty Halls' Great Irish Escape xvii. 211 They were after salmon, the king of fish.
(iv)
† king of fowls n. Obsolete the eagle; = king of birds n. (a) at Phrases 3b(b)(ii).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > eagles > eagle
erneOE
eaglec1350
king of fowlsc1475
king of birds1575
bird of Jove1612
iron1623
yearna1797
kingbird1840
c1475 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Harl.) in Select. Minor Poems (1840) 183 Or an egle, undir strayte kepyng, Called also king of fowles everichone.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 166 Syne crownit scho the Egle king of fowlis.
1650 J. Burroughs et al. Expos. 8th, 9th, & 10th Chapters Hosea viii. 4 Though the Eagle the King of Fowls, and of a brave spirit, yet he was unclean.
P4. the three kings (also the (three) kings of Cologne) and variants: the three Magi or wise men who came from the East bringing gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh to the infant Jesus (Matthew 2: 1–12). Cf. the three Magi at magus n. 1, the three wise men n. at three adj. and n. Compounds 1.Often associated with Cologne (esp. in earlier use) because their relics are said to be preserved in that city, having been brought there from Milan in 1164.
[After post-classical Latin tres reges (5th cent. in this sense; 12th cent. in British sources).
Compare Old Dutch thie thrī kuninke (Middle Dutch die drie coninghe, Dutch de (heilige) drie Koningen), Middle Low German de drī hilligen kȫninge, Middle High German die drî künege (German die (heiligen) drei Könige).
Interpretation of the wise men as kings was based on references in Psalm 72:10 and Isaiah 60.]
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Biblical personages > Three Kings > [noun]
the three kingsOE
magusc1175
wise manc1384
Three Kings of Colognec1400
sage1667
the three wise men1867
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iii. 19 On ðisum dæge wearð Crist mancynne geswutelod, ærest ðam þrym cynegum þe him lac brohton.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7432 Þa þre kingess lakedenn crist..Wiþþ recless. & wiþþ gold. & ec Wiþþ myrra.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 45 Þe þre kinges þe comen of estriche.
c1300 St. Katherine (Laud) l. 125 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 95 Þre kinges of ouwer lawe..lok him brouȝten.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1882) VIII. 43 Rauph bisshop of Coloyne brouȝt þe bodies of þe [þre] kynges of Coloyne [L. tria magorum corpora] out of Melan.
c1450 (?a1370) Wynnere & Wastoure (1990) l. 503 To þe kirke of Colayne þer þe kynges ligges.
a1500 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Titus) (1886) 2 [Þe] þree holy and worshipfull kyngis of Coleyn: Iaspar, Melchyor, and Balthaser.
?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlv. 375 As Culen Kyngis that Christ adorned, Per aliam viam he returned.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia at Balthasar One of the Magi, or wise-men, vulgarly called the three Kings of Collein.
1699 T. Dorrington Observ. Present State Relig. 328 We were waiting..to see the famous Relicks of the Three Kings.
1728 T. Salmon Mod. Hist. VIII. 154 Three Tombs.., which according to the Tradition of the Place belonged to the three Wise Men.., from hence called the three Kings of Colen.
1795 A. Radcliffe Journey 111 We did not see the tomb of the three kings of Jerusalem, whose bodies are affirmed to have been brought here from Milan in 1162.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vii. 168 He himself vowed a pilgrimage to the three Kings of Cologne.
1889 J. Whitehead Steward's Handbk. iv. 405/1 The Pudding of the Three Kings—Is a very rich plum pudding... The spices and the good things represent the gifts of the three kings of Cologne.
1944 Life 30 Oct. 2/2 Here are buried the bones of the three kings of Cologne—Kaspar, Melchior and Balthasar.
1978 S. R. Daly tr. J. Ruiz Bk. True Love 407 The three kings came With presents rare and dear To praise and revere.
2015 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 24 Dec. a2 The painting brings together three events central to the story of Christ's birth—the nativity in the manger, the adoration of the shepherds, and the three kings.
P5. to live like a king: to live in a grand, luxurious, or lavish manner.Cf. to live like a lord at lord n. and int. Phrases 3b, to live like a prince at prince n. 5, to live like a queen at queen n. Phrases 2.
ΚΠ
a1475 (?a1410) J. Lydgate Churl & Bird (Longleat) in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 109 I..Hade gret tresour..Whiche might haue made me..With thilke stone to haue lyued like a kyng.
1598 tr. J. de Serres Hist. Coll. 98 Hee would liue like a king, command like a king, and be in the Louure like a king.
1625 Abp. J. Williams Great Britains Salomon 67 Our onely comfort is this, that as he liued like a King, so he died like a Saint.
1652 tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote (new ed.) iv. iii. f. 75 Thou shalt not want a Lordship wherein thou mayest live like a King.
1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies vii. 101 They would allow him such a Sum as would enable him to keep up his Grandeur, and live like a King.
1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ii. 22 Left that lord's house, where he might have lived like a king, and gone out into the wide world!
1820 Caledonian Mercury 16 Dec. The place altogether far exceeds my expectations, I shall by and bye be able to live like a King.
1882 D. C. Beard Amer. Boy's Handy Bk. xvi. 159 If you have any sort of luck with your rod, gun, or traps,..you can ‘live like a king’.
1937 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 113/3 (advt.) Travel and see the country—live like a king..for far less than staying at home.
1973 V. Teresa & T. C. Renner My Life in Mafia xxii. 254 Louie the Fox lived like a king, but he was tight as a crab's ass when it came to paying taxes.
2015 Times (Nexis) 22 Sept. 55 He lived like a king and..borrowed heavily to protect a luxurious lifestyle.
P6. Phrases associated with the names of particular kings. See also King Alfred n., King Charles n., King James n.
a.
† King Harry cut n. Obsolete rare a gash or cut on a person's face.With reference to a wound received by Henry I, Duke of Guise (1550–88).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > injury to head or face
King Harry cut1611
whiplash1955
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Balafre, a slash ouer the face; a king Harry cut.
b.
† King William cravat n. Obsolete rare a cravat similar to those worn by William III (reigned 1689–1702).William III is typically depicted in portraits wearing a white lace cravat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > neck-wear > [noun] > neck-tie or cravat > cravat > types of
bib-cravat1684
burdash1707
chin-cushion1747
King William cravat1747
Soubise1776
front1843
guillotine-cravat1880
1747 S. Richardson Clarissa II. i. 5 A King-William-Cravat, or some such antique chin-cushion, as, by the pictures of that Prince, one sees was then the fashion.
c.
† King Henry's shoestrings n. Obsolete a type of cake made with flour, eggs, sugar, almonds, and lemon, and served cut into strips.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > other prepared foods or dishes > [noun]
mawmenny1381
browet Saracen?c1390
corat?c1390
lete lardes?c1390
lete lory?c1390
burseuc1400
lorey14..
Jack of Doverc1405
bukenadea1425
nesebeka1425
mosy?c1425
blaundsore1430
fauntemperec1430
irchinc1430
white sorréc1430
entraila1450
pasteladea1450
prenadec1450
fignadea1475
frianc1500
profiterole?1521
slampamp1593
flap-dragon1604
eel-cake1653
Lombard1657
hedgehog1723
bird's nest1769
dope18..
negro-pota1818
jug jug1877
King Henry's shoestrings1887
foam-omelet1892
crème1901
farofa1922
chilaquiles1938
metagee1957
Kiev1967
pani puri1969
1887 Spons' Househ. Man. 413 King Henry's Shoestrings.—Make a batter with 1/ 4 lb. flour, 1/ 4 pint milk, a piece of butter.., the juice of a lemon, and powdered loaf sugar to taste.
1915 M. H. Neil Something-different Dish 92 King Henry's Shoestrings. ¼lb. (1 cup) flour, 4 yolks of eggs, [etc.]
†P7. the books (or history) of (the) four kings: a pack of playing cards. Also in to study the history of the four kings: to play cards. Obsolete.With humorous allusion to sense 1b; cf. sense 11b.
ΚΠ
1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xxii. 99 After supper were brought in..the books of the foure Kings. [No corresponding phrase in the French original.]
1700 E. Ward Metamorphos'd Beau 7 He mov'd to a Table by the Fire-side, which was begirt with Students, Contemplating on the History of the four Kings.
1760 S. Foote Minor i. 32 Come, shall we have a dip in the history of the Four Kings, this morning?
1842 New World 17 Dec. 398/4 By eleven o'clock,..our books of the four kings are generally laid aside.
1852 Natchez (Mississippi) Courier 15 June Gambling there is reduced to a science; the history of four kings is thoroughly studied.
1903 Daily Palladium (Benton Harbor, Mich.) 18 Feb. The inspectors report that the prisoners only employment is reading and studying the history of the four kings.
P8.
king in council n. (in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries, during the reign of a king) denoting the king exercising legislative and (esp. in early use) judicial power on matters of state, on the advice of, and with the consent of, his Privy Council (privy council n. 3); cf. queen in council n. at queen n. Phrases 3.In early use probably not a fixed collocation.
ΚΠ
1681 E. Conway Let. 8 June in Galway Corporation Bk. B in Jrnl. Galway Archaeol. & Hist. Soc. (1908) 125 Mathew Quynn hath proceeded so far as to procure his Majesties lettre from the other office, but meeting with a Caveat at the signet, where it is to be entred, petitioned the King in Council.
1747 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 101 The Order of the King in Council which was directed to be laid before us.
1830 Rep. Sel. Comm. Office High Sheriff 3 High Sheriffs are nominated by The King in Council.
1949 Manch. Guardian 8 Dec. 3 An order is to be submitted to the King in Council bringing the Lands Tribunal Act, 1949, into operation on January 1, 1950.
P9.
king for a day n. a person (typically a man) who (hypothetically) enjoys the power or advantages attributed to or befitting a king for a brief period of time.
ΚΠ
1835 Fessenden's Silk Man. July 43/2 Were I emperor or king for a day I would condemn every person who professed himself a disciple of this ‘well enough’ school to the tread mill for a year.
1935 Helena (Montana) Independent 19 Dec. 9/6 The folks hit upon the idea of making Walt king for a day... Mounting the town's fire truck, Walt rode up and down the ‘main drag’ while thousands lined the sidewalks and cheered.
1992 S. Gray Impossible Vac. (1993) 203 I made up my mind..to totally satisfy him... Shanti would be king for a day.
2016 Daily Rec. & Sunday Mail (Nexis) 18 Apr. 3 Celtic are still the top team in Scotland but Rangers fans can enjoy being kings for a day.
P10. king of all one surveys and variants: a person who has complete power, control, or pre-eminence, esp. within a certain sphere or area; also in extended use. Cf. lord of all one surveys at lord n. and int. Phrases 1i.
ΚΠ
1859 L. F. Simpson tr. J. A. Brillat-Savarin Handbk. Dining iv. 59 Man, by divine right, king of all he surveys [Fr. roi de toute la nature].
1880 Dental Jairus 1 115 Truly, is not carbolic acid king of all it surveys?
1952 J. Lait & L. Mortimer U.S.A. Confidential ii. xvii. 210 He-man among he-men of this town is Amon Carter, king of all he surveys, one of the richest men anywhere.
2016 J. Batten Keeper of Flame xxix. 180 I stood there, holding my coffee cup gingerly, looking out over the city, feeling like the king of all I surveyed.

Compounds

C1.
a. attributive, with the sense ‘of or belonging to the king’, ‘royal’, as king gear, king robes, etc. Now somewhat rare (chiefly literary and poetic).Some of the more established compounds of this type are treated separately at Compounds 4.
ΚΠ
eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 213 Fercula, cyninggereordo.
OE Charter: Ealdorman Æðelred to Berkeley Abbey (Sawyer 218) in F. E. Harmer Sel. Eng. Hist. Docs. 9th & 10th Cent. (1914) 20 Ic heo gefreoge..þæs gafoles þe hio nu get to cyninges handa ageofan sceolan of ðam dæle þe þær ungefreod to lafe wæs þære cyningfeorme.
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 203 A kynghouse, basilica, regia.
1833 T. Carlyle Diderot in Foreign Q. Rev. 11 280 Some Pullus Jovis, in plush cloak and other gilt or golden king-tackle.
1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes v. 297 Strip your Louis Quatorze of his king-gear, and there is left nothing but a poor forked radish with a head fantastically carved.
1938 College Verse Jan. 65 The King strode through the hall..proud in his king-robes.
b.
king worship n.
ΚΠ
1798 Monthly Rev. Mar. 306 They were schools of astrology, theosophim, dæmonism, and king-worship.
1844 T. B. Macaulay Earl of Chatham in Ess. (1887) 821 The Tories..who had always been inclined to King-worship.
2006 G. Tiffany Love's Pilgrimage iii. 72 Through much of the Middle Ages king worship was a religious movement that was at times..identical with the real veneration of saints.
C2.
a. Appositive, as king-cardinal, king-brother, king-god, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > cardinal > [noun] > acting as king
king1623
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 9 (MED) Þe kyng deuyl seyde to hym, ‘Ode, þou hast lovyd wel ese & reste.’
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1801/2 The King Dolphin and Queene of Scottes his wife.
1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue v. 437 My King-God, weary of War's tedious toile, In Ninive..Made Publique Feasts.
1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. ii. 19 This is the Cardinals doing: The King -Cardinall. View more context for this quotation
1826 W. E. Andrews Crit. & Hist. Rev. Fox's Bk. Martyrs II. 198 On the second day the king-pope [sc. Henry VIII] came down to the house.
1850 H. Rogers in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 171/2 The first James..was fit for nothing except to be king-pedagogue of a nation of pedants.
1862 H. Marryat One Year in Sweden I. xxxv. 446 Horrified at the domestic misery of her king-brother.
1908 H. H. Johnston G. Grenfell & Congo I. xx. 448 The Governors-General or heads of departments representing the King-Sovereign in Africa.
1987 M. Spariosu in M. Calinescu & D. Fokkema Exploring Postmodernism (1990) iv. 64 An eccentric..king-scholar who edits and annotates a long poem.
2011 Análise Social 46 204 The king-god, the embodiment of the cosmic and earthly order, disappeared, and the model of secular ruler appeared.
b. Objective.
(a) With agent nouns, as king-crowner, king-deposer, king-murderer, king-queller, etc.See also king-killer n., kingmaker n.
ΚΠ
1563 A. Neville tr. Seneca Lamentable Trag. Œdipus sig. B.iiii The Thebane Citie neuer shall, be free from Plagues..Except from thence the Kyng queller [1581 Kingkiller; L. regis caede nocens] forthwith expulsed be.
?1571 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes sig. Fiiii The Lordes of the realme..earnestly requirit the publike kyngmurderer to be brought forth to due executioun.
1611 J. Maxwell tr. Treasure of Tranquillity sig. av The great King-crowner [hath] set vpon his seruants head a crowne.
1652 Mercurius Politicus No. 111. 1734 Serpent-tailes, King-Murtherers, Villanies, and I know not what.
1737 Daily Post 19 Feb. 1/1 The Cromwellians, and Oliver's Rabble of King-Murderers.
1867 Times 5 Sept. 6/2 The offending Monarch..may have a wholesome fear of attracting to his dominions so formidable a race of King-deposers.
1879 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Aug. 6/1 Leigh has been deputed to the Amatongas, to kindle among them a mercenary friendship and constitute them our King catchers.
1902 A. Lang James VI & Gowrie Myst. xii. 157 Logan was a retainer of Bothwell, that meteor-like adventurer and king-catcher.
1996 I. Sharkansky Israel & its Bible v. 132 Jeremiah's persistent concern with the activities of the kings..suggests an aspiration to be a king maker or king deposer.
2014 C. Wild in B. Quiring If then World a Theatre Present 106 The weird sisters are as much king makers as king murderers.
(b) With verbal nouns and present participles forming adjectives and nouns, as king-becoming, king-deposing, king-hating, king-murdering, etc.See also king-killing n., king-killing adj., kingmaking n.
ΚΠ
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 153 The King-maiming Kinglings of Bezec.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. iii. 92 The King-becoming Graces,..I haue no rellish of them. View more context for this quotation
a1669 H. Foulis Hist. Romish Treasons (1671) ii. iv. 102 These mutterers of King-murthering.
1699 S.Young Conf. between Suffering Saints 19 The now call'd Church of England, the perjur'd King-dethroning Church.
a1711 T. Ken Hymns for Festivals in Wks. (1721) I. 311 A Persecution..From the traduc'd, King-murd'ring Sect.
c1712 W. Tisdal Let. in J. Stevenson Two Cent. Life in Down (1920) xv. 399 Milton still stuck to his King-Deposing and King-Killing Doctrine.
1730 Compl. Coll. State-trials (ed. 2) I. 603/1 [Sir Robert Berkeley..affirmed that] the Law knows no such King-yokeing Policy.
1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 57 That were indeed a king-ennobling thought.
1855 F. Douglass My Bondage & my Freedom 449 In tyrant-killing, king-hating, people-loving, democratic, christian America.
1919 Motordom Apr. 8/2 Washington, and Putnam, and Paine, and all that immortal king-hating brood.
1994 G. M. Brown Beside Ocean of Time 143 You'll have..blown the ships of the king-murdering French from the face of the ocean.
2012 Time Out N.Y. 12 Jan. 84/2 Kevin Spacey offers to turn our discontented winter into glorious summer in the title role of Shakespeare's king-smearing history.
c. Instrumental and locative, as king-born, king-descended, king-favoured, etc. [With king-born compare earlier kine-born adj. at kine- comb. form1 and also Old Icelandic konungborinn.]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > royally born
kinelyeOE
kine-bornOE
purpurate1669
king-born1670
born to (also in) (the) purple1681
porphyrogenea1849
throne-born1855
porphyry-borna1940
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [adjective] > descended from king
rialc1400
royalc1405
king-descended1863
1611 J. Maxwell in tr. Treasure of Tranquillity Ep. Ded. sig. A5v Diuers famous, and King-fauoured personages.
1614 J. Sylvester tr. J. Bertaut Panaretus 23 in Parl. Vertues Royal To take their Flight to that King-fauourd Place.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. iv. 186 Under a Thorn..li'th poor Kenelm King-born.
1795 S. T. Coleridge Conciones ad Populum 66 The king-bred poison of rebellion.
1863 C. Rossetti Royal Princess in I. Craig Poems: Offering to Lancs. 2 I, a Princess, king-descended.
1882 Cent. Mag. Jan. 424/2 The first public essay to break down the king-fostered antipathy between the peoples.
1926 E. R. Eddison Styrbiorn the Strong ii. 49 There shalt thou, being king-born, learn the trade of kings.
1992 G. Parfitt Eng. Poetry of 17th Cent. (ed. 2) Introd. 4 A king-sponsored move away from moderate Protestantism towards Rome.
C3. attributive. Originally North American. Designating a king-sized bed or king-sized bedding.
ΚΠ
1952 N.Y. Herald Tribune 9 Nov. 51/2 (advt.) The G-E Automatic Blanket puts an end to cold, clammy sheets... King Bed Size..119.50.
1980 Washington Post 23 Mar. (Mag. section) 44/2 You will need..a queen or king sheet.
1996 L. Erdrich Tales of Burning Love 97 Dot turned over, and over, in the wide king bed.
2007 Sunday Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 1 July e25 A spacious retreat custom-made for relaxation and leisure, with soothing colours, soft lighting, and cosy king bedding.
C4.
a.
king ale n. now historical a parish festival held to celebrate a royal anniversary, celebrated by drinking ale, feasting, and entertainments; cf. ale n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > feasts for other occasions
plough feast1355
king ale1472
natal1484
primifeste1551
mayor's feast1578
sheep-shearing feast1586
sheep-shearing1611
christening1617
bean-feast1805
updrinking1819
Thanksgiving dinner1830
bump supper1845
potlatch1858
stag1904
rehearsal dinner1906
1472 in J. F. Williams Early Churchwardens' Accts. Hampshire (1913) 8 Of William Plomer and Alice Fewar for a Kyngale.
1600 in G. W. Kitchin Manor of Manydown, Hampshire (1895) 171 Receipts for the Kingale as followeth for the Sounday after Midsomer Day, Junii xxixo.
1896 A. M. Straton in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum Introd. p. xvi The King ales were held on the weeks before and after Pentecost and at the Translation of St. Edmund.
1920 Stud. Philol. 17 75 The summer feast..is often called an ale—a Whitsun ale, a king ale, a play ale, or even a Robin Hood ale.
2011 M. Ingram in S. Doran & N. Jones Elizabethan World (2014) v. xxvii. 471 Festivities were not confined to the occasion of the king ale itself, for there was a separate payment for minstrels on May Day.
king ball n. (a) (with capital initials) U.S. = king's ball n. at Compounds 5b; (b) (in an early form of billiards) a ball which must be struck at the start of a round by another ball in order to initiate scoring (now historical).
ΚΠ
1830 French Village in M. R. Mitford Stories Amer. Life I. 84 My host informed me that a ‘King-ball’ was to be given at the house of a neighbour.
1886 G. H. Benedict Spaldings Hand Bk. Sporting Rules 18 The king ball is placed on the spot, and the player strikes at it with the other colored ball, endeavoring to hole it and his own ball by the same stroke.
1907 J. Tyndall in A. L. Draper Self Culture for Young People VI. 286 The object is to place the balls, including the King Ball, in the holes.
1960 E. A. Davis Story Louisiana I. viii. 94 The King Ball had many variations in the villages and communities of French Louisiana.
1990 L. T. Cummins in B. H. Wall et al. Louisiana (ed. 2) i. 51 Entertainments known as ‘King Balls’, usually held near Epiphany, celebrated the close of the Christmas season.
1993 M. I. Shamos Illustr. Encycl. Billiards 89/1 English Bagatelle,..bagatelle played with a special king ball, which must be struck by some other ball at the beginning of each round before any score is possible.
† king-bane n. Obsolete rare (a) a person who brings about the ruin of a king; (b) poison used to kill a king.
ΚΠ
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xi. 556/1 Being perswaded while that King-bane breathed, peace could neither be maintained in the Realme.
1682 E. Settle Absalom Senior 16 A Cake of Shew-bread from an Altar ta'ne, Mixt but with some Levitical King-bane, Has sent a Martyr'd Monarch to his Grave.
king cake n. any of various types of sweet cake; spec. one containing a single bean or trinket which, according to tradition, makes its finder the ‘king’ of the gathering or celebration; cf. Twelfth-cake n.Traditionally made to accompany Epiphany festivities (Epiphany being associated with the Magi or three kings), king cake is now chiefly associated with Mardi Gras celebrations in New Orleans, typically in the form of a ring-shaped brioche cake, decorated in purple, green, and gold, and containing a trinket in the form of a baby. [Probably after French gâteau des Rois (1643 or earlier; also galette des Rois) cake of the (three) kings.]
ΚΠ
?1741 E. Moxon Eng. Housewifry 113 To make King Cakes. Take a Pound of Flower, three Quarters of a Pound of Butter, half a Pound of Sugar [etc.].
1802 Courier & Evening Gaz. 15 Jan. A woman, half asleep, came from a back parlour, and on entering the shop exclaimed, ‘O husband, we have lost our King Cake!’
1908 M. E. M. Davis Moons of Balbanca ii. 14 To-day is King-Cake Day, and there's beans in King-Cakes.
1976 L. Gold Grave Undertaking i. 30 King cake, gumbo, ice cold champagne. That is what they serve at Mardi Gras, huh?
2015 Red Bull. Feb. 95/2 A multi-week run-up to Fat Tuesday, full of Zulu parades, Indian costumes, King cakes, music and more.
† king card n. Obsolete (in card games) the highest unplayed card in a particular suit.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > cards of specific value in game
sequent1620
lead1742
maker1753
stop1808
strong card1839
king card1850
brisque1870
honour card1876
penultimate1876
guard1885
thirteener1891
wild card1940
1850 H. G. Bohn et al. Hand-bk. Games 161 King Card—The highest card unplayed of a suit.
1876 A. Campbell-Walker Correct Card Gloss. p. xii King-card, the best card left in each suit. Thus if the ace and King were out, the King-card would be the queen.
1885 Longman's Mag. Oct. 604 If the player on my left gets the lead, he must lead from a suit of which I hold the king card.
king closer n. Bricklaying a brick which is cut diagonally across the corner and used to preserve the bond in a course of brickwork; cf. closer n.2 3, queen closer n. at queen n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > brick of specific shape
lath-brick1677
quadrel1686
well brick1703
cut splay1825
king closer1826
angle brick1852
bullhead1862
1826 J. Gwilt Rudim. Archit. 77 The bond may..be preserved by the insertion of a three-quarter bat at the angle in the stretching course: this bat is called a king closer.
1888 C. F. Mitchell Building Constr. i. ii. 18 King Closers are bricks cut so that one end is half the width of a brick.
1944 E. Lucas in R. Greenhalgh Pract. Builder ii. 69/2 Rebated jambs are formed by using a special closer, usually a king closer.
2012 J. Collinson Brickwork & Bricklaying 127 Spayed cuts..known as ‘King Closers’ have been introduced on alternate courses.
King Country n. New Zealand (chiefly with the) an extensive central region in the North Island of New Zealand inhabited by certain Maori tribes under a king following the New Zealand Wars of 1845–72; (later) an area roughly corresponding to this territory, within which the sale of alcohol was prohibited until 1953.
ΚΠ
1868 N.Z. Parl. Deb. 2 463/1 If..they..attacked the enemy, forcing them back in the direction of the King country, they would have a tract of country difficult for military operations.
1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop i. 9 It lay right on the borderline of the King Country, wherein prohibition reigned.
1944 A. E. Mulgan From Track to Highway ii. 58 He took refuge in the King country.., where the defeated Kingites had been left unmolested.
2015 Waikato Times (Hamilton, N.Z.) (Nexis) 28 Sept. 5 The Hamilton diocese covering the Waikato, Bay of Plenty, East Cape and King Country.
king-elect n. a man chosen, elected, or expected to become king.
ΚΠ
1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. lxxxiv When Cadwan was of Brytons, kyng elect And crouned was, to rule them and protect.
1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. i. 3 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) The King of Denmark has buried lately his eldest Son Christian, so that he hath now but one living..who is..shortly to be King Elect.
1741 tr. Hist. Stanislaus I 59 Hitherto they [sc. the Poles] had refused sincerely to acknowledge and stick to either of the two Kings Elect.
1858 T. Williams Fiji I. ii. 24 The leading men drink yaqona with the king elect.
2007 Afr. News (Nexis) 21 Aug. Even before he's got to the throne, the king-elect..has begun to express some strong views.
king-emperor n. a ruler who is simultaneously king of one territory and emperor of another; cf. emperor-king n. at emperor n. Compounds 1.As a hypothetical title in quot. 1789.
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society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun] > other types of king
folk-kingOE
boy-king1603
priest-king1606
shepherd king1744
king-emperor1789
1789 Rep. Lords State Majesty's Health 110 The Emperor of Germany, who is also a King, is not styled the King Emperor; and the Duke of Orleans was styled simply Regent of France, not the Duke Regent.
1861 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Weekly Sentinel 23 Mar. There is no royal road to solvency, if men—be they king emperors or private persons—will constantly live beyond their incomes.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 27 Feb. 11 The King-Emperor is honoured among us [sc. Americans] because he stands for the great people whom he rules.
2015 Church Times 6 Feb. 33/1 Ninety years..before the death of the last King-Emperor on 6 February 1952, a 24-year-old Prince of Wales set off on a tour of the Ottoman Empire.
king game n. now historical a performance or entertainment popular in the medieval period; = king play n.
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society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > other types of play
king play1469
king game1504
historya1509
chronicle history1600
monology1608
horseplaya1627
piscatory1631
stock play1708
petite pièce1712
mimic1724
ballad opera1730
ballad farce1735
benefit-play1740
potboiler1783
monodrama1793
extravaganza1797
theo-drama1801
monodrame1803
proverb1803
stock piece1804
bespeak1807
ticket-night1812
dramaticle1813
monopolylogue1819
pièce d'occasion1830
interlude1831
mimea1834
costume piece1834
mummers' play1849
history play1850
gag-piece1860
music drama1874
well-made1881
playlet1884
two-decker1884
slum1885
kinderspiel1886
thrill1886
knockabout1887
two-hander1888
front-piece1889
thriller1889
shadow-play1890
mime play1894
problem play1894
one-acter1895
sex play1899
chronicle drama1902
thesis-play1902
star vehicle1904
folk-play1905
radio play1908
tab1915
spy play1919
one-act1920
pièce à thèse1923
dance-drama1924
a mess of plottage1926
turkey1927
weepie1928
musical1930
cliffhanger1931
mime drama1931
triangle drama1931
weeper1934
spine-chiller1940
starrer1941
scorcher1942
teleplay1947
straw-hatter1949
pièce noire1951
pièce rose1951
tab show1951
conversation piece1952
psychodrama1956
whydunit1968
mystery play1975
State of the Nation1980
1504 Churchwardens’ Accts. Kingston-upon-Thames in D. Lysons Environs of London (1792) I. 225 At the geveng out of the Kynggam by..[the] cherchewardens amounted clerely 4 l. 2 s. 6 d. of that same game.
1811 D. Lysons Environs of London (ed. 2) I. 165 (note) The ancient drama of the three Kings of Cologne..was called the King-game or King-play.
1902 D. Moul & G. Thompson Picturesque Surrey i. 13 Another diversion of Kingstonians was the pre-Reformation ‘Kyng-gam’ or King-game, no doubt the pageant of the Three Kings of Cologne.
2010 M. A. Cramer Medieval Fantasy as Performance iv. 88 The king game was a peasant festival that was popular during the Middle Ages and Renaissance in several variations.
† king geld n. Obsolete (apparently) money paid by a vassal to his lord in lieu of military service; = scutage n. [It is not entirely certain that the first element is king n., as assumed in quot. 1706 and modern English legal glossaries. Compare Middle Dutch conincgelt an obligatory payment, Old High German kuninggelt tax, but also (in different sense) Old English cynegyld payment made for the slaying of the king (in which the first element is kine- comb. form1). Compare further cyningfeorm food rent due to the king (see quot. OE at Compounds 1a, and compare farm n.1).]
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > payment or service to feudal superior > [noun] > payment in lieu of service > in lieu of military service > of knight
king geld1325
scuagec1450
scutagec1460
escuage1577
suitage1610
shield-money1877
1325–6 (a1189) in Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (1825) V. 483/1 Sint quieti..de wapentachiis, et de kingeld, et de denegeld.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Kingeld, Escuage, or Royal Aid.
† king herald n. Obsolete rare a herald who grants the right to wear or display arms, a King of Arms; spec. the Garter King of Arms (see King of Arms n.); cf. King of Heralds n. at Phrases 3a(d).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldry > herald > [noun] > King of Arms
King of Arms1427
in arms1466
Windsor herald1473
king heralda1475
garter?1504
King of Heralds1538
King at Arms1548
Lyon Herald1596
Lord Lyonc1600
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 187 A herrowd of Armes as gret a dygnyte has, Specially kynge harrawd must haue þe principalle place.
1659 J. Harrington Parallel of Spirit of People 3 Finding a King-Priest in that Commonwealth, (as in ours there is a King-Herald) he concludes that they did set up a King.
king hit n. Australian colloquial (a) a sudden, hard punch; a knockout blow; also in extended use; (b) a leader (rare).
ΚΠ
1902 Cumberland Argus & Fruitgrowers' Advocate (Parramatta, New S. Wales) 12 Apr. 8/2 I assaulted him, but he assaulted my wife first, and I gave him the king hit.
1921 E. Wells Fragments from Gallipoli & France 14 Corp., guess we'll give 'em the king hit to-night.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 41 King hit, a knock-out blow. (2) As for ‘king dick’ [= a leader, boss].
2014 Sunshine Coast (Queensland) Daily (Nexis) 27 Oct. 11 She described it as an inexcusable example of a cowardly king hit on an unsuspecting victim.
king-hit v. Australian colloquial transitive to deliver a king hit to; to punch hard; to knock out; cf. king v. 4.
ΚΠ
1915 Kalgoorlie (W. Austral.) Miner 16 Nov. 4/7 Kennedy walked out of the Mason Dore restaurant.., and seeing Modera on the side-walk ‘king-hit’ him and left him lying on the pavement.
1962 S. Gore Down Golden Mile 277 ‘King-hit me, the bastard,’ he muttered. ‘With me own gun.’
2013 C. Tsiolkas Barracuda (2014) 235 The fat fool was gutted, as though Dan had kinghit him, he was blinking, speechless.
† king key n. Obsolete rare the central principle of a text, or the means by which it can be understood.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > point of support > main point of support
king key1654
1654 R. Vilvain Theoremata Theologica vii. f. 194 This is the King-key of al the Fabric.
1683 A. Bury Not Fear, but Love (advt.) Every text, and its particular key..[must] conform to the Universal Aim of the Gospel, as their Common and Supreme King-key.
† kingland n. Obsolete a kingdom; cf. kine-land n. at kine- comb. form1 .
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of king or royal ruler
richeeOE
worldricheeOE
kindomeOE
kinrikeOE
kingriklOE
kine-erdc1275
kine-landc1275
kine-thedec1275
reigna1300
kine-earthc1300
realmc1300
kingdoma1325
kinglanda1325
regionc1330
ligeancec1380
regneec1380
realtya1387
royalme1389
kingheada1393
regalty?a1400
rialmec1400
monarchy?a1425
rialtya1425
regaly?a1439
regality1486
richdom?1505
state1539
kingdomshipa1549
sceptre-rule1611
royalty1638
kingship1700
raj1781
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1262 His .ix. [son] was tema, for-ðan Is ðor a kuglond teman; And .xii. of ðe [read of ðe .xii.], cedima Het a guglond esten fro ða.
king list n. a list containing the names of the kings of a particular kingdom or dynasty. [Compare German Königsliste (1743 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > royalty > [noun] > list of names of kings
king list1885
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > king > [noun] > list of kings
king list1885
1885 Proc. Soc. Biblical Archaeol. 7 p. v, (title) The Early Babylonian King-Lists.
1914 E. A. T. W. Budge Short Hist. Egypt. People iii. 27 The famous King-List drawn up for Seti I, and cut upon a wall in a temple built by him at Abydos.
2014 H. Wang Writing & Anc. State ii. 45 Sima Qian's list..is presented as one of a consecutive series of king lists.
King Movement n. (also with lower-case initial in second element) New Zealand a movement founded in the North Island of New Zealand in the 1850s, aiming to unite Maori peoples under a single monarch, originally in order to oppose white settlement of Maori lands; cf. Kingite n.
ΚΠ
1857 J. Morgan Let. 9 Dec. in Richmond–Atkinson Papers (1960) I. 328 The natives..interested in the Maori King movement being..opposed to the opening of the road.
1884 J. H. Kerry-Nicholls King Country 6 In 1854,..Te Heuheu..summoned a native council at Taupo, when the King movement began in earnest.
1959 K. Sinclair in J. E. Gorst Maori King p. xxiii The King movement survives today, though its followers are less numerous than a century ago.
2004 P. Whitfield Rough Guide Maori N.Z. (Wanderlust ed.) 37 The loose coalition of the contemporary King Movement still plays an important role in the country.
king pair n. Cricket a score of nought by a batter in both innings of a match, when dismissed by the first delivery faced in each; cf. pair n.1 5d. on a king pair: (of a batter) going into the second innings of a match having been dismissed first ball for nought in the first innings.
ΚΠ
1959 Times 18 Feb. 4/4 The poor fellow was on ‘a king pair’.
1985 Canberra Times 19 June 40/4 He could not have come to the wicket at a worse time. Australia still needed 10 runs to make England bat again and O'Donnell was on a ‘king pair’.
1989 Independent (Nexis) 15 Aug. (Sport section) 27 Cardigan Connor bowled second ball, while the luckless James had the ignominy of a king pair.
2011 P. Johnson & M. Hancock 766 & All That 204 Ryan Harris has got a king pair! He panicked completely and padded up to his first delivery from Anderson, a sharp in-ducker which rapped him on the pad in front of off stump.
King party n. (also with capital initial in the second element) New Zealand (now historical) the party or supporters of the Maori King, the acknowledged leader of the King Movement; the King Movement itself (see King Movement n.); cf. Kingite n.
ΚΠ
1857 Huddersfield Chron. & W. Yorks. Advertiser 5 Dec. 2/1 I have..been using all the influence I possess with the tribe, who claim me as their white man, to dissuade them from joining the king party.
1944 A. E. Mulgan From Track to Highway ii. 55 The King party wanted to keep their king and their flag.
2010 J. A. Te Kani Pere et al. Wiremu Pere 114 A few young men in the King Party who received an education at European schools assumed positions in the King's administration on their return.
king plate n. Australian (now historical) a metal breastplate or nameplate hung from a chain around the neck, given to an Aboriginal elder or leader by European colonists as a mark of status or favour.King plates were typically crescent shaped and made of brass inscribed with the wearer's name, title, tribe, etc.
ΚΠ
1874 Maryborough (Queensland) Chron. 6 Oct. 6/3 (advt.) Engraver. Aboriginal King Plates, dog collars, watches, rings..neatly engraved.
1921 Sunday Times (Sydney) 3 July 24/3 Bob..took a photo of him and another king and their gin. One had his king plate on.
2008 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 3 May 8 Here are..[photos of] male elders wearing king plates presented by Europeans.
king play n. now historical a performance or entertainment popular in the medieval period, usually associated with Whitsuntide.The exact nature of the entertainment is unclear, but it is sometimes thought to have been a play telling the story of the Three Kings.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > other types of play
king play1469
king game1504
historya1509
chronicle history1600
monology1608
horseplaya1627
piscatory1631
stock play1708
petite pièce1712
mimic1724
ballad opera1730
ballad farce1735
benefit-play1740
potboiler1783
monodrama1793
extravaganza1797
theo-drama1801
monodrame1803
proverb1803
stock piece1804
bespeak1807
ticket-night1812
dramaticle1813
monopolylogue1819
pièce d'occasion1830
interlude1831
mimea1834
costume piece1834
mummers' play1849
history play1850
gag-piece1860
music drama1874
well-made1881
playlet1884
two-decker1884
slum1885
kinderspiel1886
thrill1886
knockabout1887
two-hander1888
front-piece1889
thriller1889
shadow-play1890
mime play1894
problem play1894
one-acter1895
sex play1899
chronicle drama1902
thesis-play1902
star vehicle1904
folk-play1905
radio play1908
tab1915
spy play1919
one-act1920
pièce à thèse1923
dance-drama1924
a mess of plottage1926
turkey1927
weepie1928
musical1930
cliffhanger1931
mime drama1931
triangle drama1931
weeper1934
spine-chiller1940
starrer1941
scorcher1942
teleplay1947
straw-hatter1949
pièce noire1951
pièce rose1951
tab show1951
conversation piece1952
psychodrama1956
whydunit1968
mystery play1975
State of the Nation1980
1469–70 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 13 (MED) Pro ocupacione cuiusdam panni..pro le Kyngplay, iiij d.
1519 in W. L. Nash Churchwardens' Acct. Bk. St. Giles, Reading (1851) 4 Recd in gatheryng wt the kyngplay at Witsontide.
1811 D. Lysons Environs of London (ed. 2) I. 165 (note) It appears..that the ancient drama of the three Kings of Cologne was..performed at that place,..and that it was called the King-game, or King-play.
2005 Eng. Hist. Rev. 120 72 St Edmund's, Salisbury, has accounts that begin in 1461. In 1470 it began to raise money by a ‘king play’.
king pot n. now historical and rare the largest of an array of several crucibles used in the production of brass, typically placed in the centre of the array and filled with the contents of the other crucibles.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > vessels
crossletc1386
testc1386
cruciblea1475
spoon1496
melting pot1545
cruset1558
fining pot1560
hooker1594
cupel1605
crusoile1613
crisol1622
melt pot1637
muffle1644
crevet1658
coffin1686
sand-pot1758
Hessian crucible1807
pan1839
shank1843
casting-pot1846
king pot1862
converter1867
washpot1879
1862 Mining & Smelting Mag. 1 248 Mr. Stringer informed me that he was always accustomed to employ a slightly larger crucible, which is termed the king-pot, in the centre of the bed-plate.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 262 Nine great pots of fire-clay, the largest, or king-pot, being in the centre.
1951 Jrnl. Birmingham Metall. Soc. Mar. 7 The contents of the eight small pots, when melted, were emptied into the King pot.
king rod n. Building an upright iron rod in the centre of a roof truss, extending from the tie beam to the apex of the truss; = king bolt n. 1; cf. king post n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > bolt > types of
round bolt1582
ringbolt1599
pikebolt1622
rag bolt1625
set-bolt1627
clinch-bolta1642
eyebolt1649
clinch1659
screw-bolt1690
king bolt1740
wrain-bolt1750
wraining-bolt1769
toggle-bolt1794
strap-bolt1795
wring-bolt1815
through-bolt1821
truss-bolt1825
slip-stopper1831
stud bolt1838
anchor bolt1839
king rod1843
joint bolt1844
spade-bolt1850
shackle-bolt1852
roof bolt1853
set-stud1855
coach bolt1869
truss-rod1873
fox-bolt1874
garnish-bolt1874
fang-bolt1876
stud1878
U bolta1884
rock bolt1887
hook bolt1899
tower bolt1911
explosive bolt1948
1843 Papers on Duties Corps Royal Engineers VI. 214 The king rod is 3/ 4 inch, and the two queen rods 1/ 2 inch diameter.
1902 Carpentry & Building July 175/1 The ceiling can be suspended from the king rods.
2001 Victorian Nov. 28/4 Unusual roof structure of hipped ends of timber carried on tension-braced iron tie- and king-rods spanning entire width of warehouse.
† king-roller n. Obsolete (in a sugar press) a roller located above and between two other rollers, used to crush the cane as it is fed into the press.
ΚΠ
1872 W. Crookes tr. R. von Wagner Handbk. Chem. Technol. iv. 365 The middle roller is termed the king roller [Ger. König].
1896 C. H. Cochrane Wonders Mod. Mechanism 374 The top roll is called the king-roller, the lower roll, to which the cane is fed, the cane roller, and the other lower roll the bagasse-roller.
king row n. Draughts either of the two rows at opposite ends of the board which are nearest to the players at the start of the game; the pieces which stand in this row; cf. sense 11d.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun] > board > specific row
crown head?1700
king row1837
1837 Harvardiana Oct. 66 How provoking when playing a losing game at draughts,..to have your adversary spring over two or three of your unfortunate men, and place his own triumphantly in your king row.
1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline i. iii. 80 Laughed when a man was crowned, or a breach was made in the king-row.
1940 M. Hopper How to play Winning Checkers v. 60 The genuine ‘sacrifice play’..means a sacrifice to break through to the King row and obtain a King.
1999 R. W. Pike Play Winning Checkers 20 When a player moves or jumps into the king row with a checker, the opponent designates it as a king by crowning it.
king-sacrificer n. now historical (the title of) an ancient Roman priest who carried out ritual duties on behalf of, or in place of, the king; = King of (the) Sacrifices n. at Phrases 3a(h).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > various non-Christian superiors > [noun] > Roman
king of the sacrificesc1540
king-sacrificer1600
Syriarch1840
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xl. 1086 When the bishop would have had him to resigne that office, that he might consecrate and inaugurate him the king sacrificer [L. pontifex], he refused so to doe.
1886 J. S. Blackie What does Hist. Teach? ii. 71 A rex sacrificulus, or king-sacrificer,..took rank in all the public pontifical dinners above the pontifex maximus himself.
1982 H. A. Myers & H. Wolfram Medieval Kingship i. 8 The role of the king as placator of the gods..lasted..into the Roman Republic in the person of the king-sacrificer.
king tide n. originally and chiefly Australian a tide occurring on the days shortly after the new or full moon, in which the high-water level reaches its maximum; a spring tide; also figurative.
ΚΠ
1867 Sydney Morning Herald 22 Feb. 2/1 There was conflicting evidence..as to whether a certain patch of land..was ordinarily covered at high water..or only covered a few times a year at ‘king tides’.
1926 Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail 24 Oct. ii. 4/7 The Pacific's ‘king tide’ had been stayed temporarily by the vehemence of the river current.
1995 Daily Tel. Mirror (Austral.) (Nexis) 14 Sept. Now belatedly, with the king tide of public opinion behind the Royal Commission, he thinks it is a wonderful idea.
2007 Independent 16 July 3 (caption) Funafuti island, in Tuvalu is being swamped by ‘king tides’ that have become worse because of global warming.
king truss n. Building a truss forming part of a roof, bridge, etc., constructed using a king post (king post n. 1); cf. queen truss n. at queen n. Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1840 A. Bartholomew Specif. Pract. Archit. i. l. 433 Sometimes three suspenders are obtained to the Tie-beam, by forming a Queen-truss within a King-truss, as here shewn.
1915 Trail Constr. on National Forests 54 King truss bridges cost about $3 per foot, and Queen truss about $3.50.
2009 Log Home Living Aug. 81/2 The San Juan Lodge features the legendary king trusses so desired in a Town & country Cedar Home.
† king wand n. Obsolete a sceptre; cf. king's wand n. at Compounds 5b.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > sceptre
kine-yardOE
wandc1330
sceptrea1340
king's wanda1400
king wanda1400
sceptre-wandc1485
mace1559
sceptre-staff1842
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22266 His corun and his king wand.
kingwood n. fine-grained hardwood of South American origin, having a purplish colour with black or yellow streaks, and used mainly for veneers.The wood now usually known by this name is derived from the Brazilian tree Dalbergia cearensis.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > other woods of South American trees
letterwood1655
kingwood1788
canary wood1822
saouari wooda1832
macaco-wood1835
paddlewood1837
quebracho1839
mustaiba1843
violet-wood1843
taigu wood1868
rauli1874
louro1914
balsa wood1917
palisander1930
1788 Cabinet-makers London Bk. Prices 127 If the top is king-wood mouldings, cross-way, and white beads, to be extra from colour'd holly beads.
1885 Cassell's Techn. Educator II. 26 Violet-wood and king-wood, which come to this country..from the Brazilian forests.
1922 Veneers Dec. 42/1 With walnut, a certain line of fancy woods, such as rosewood, kingwood, maple burls, etc., is being worked into two-color effects.
2014 Metrop. Mus. Art Bull. Fall 35 The Fury Master. Saint Sebastian. Austrian (Salzburg), first quarter of 17th century. Ivory and kingwood.
b. In names or (mock) titles for a person or personification, pronounced with stress on the second element.
King Billy n. Australian (offensive) (now chiefly historical) a name given by European colonists to any of various Aboriginal elders or leaders; (hence) any Aboriginal leader; an Aboriginal person (typically a man). [Probably with allusion to the British king, William IV (1765–1837; reigned 1830–7): compare billy n.2 Compare also billy n.1]
ΚΠ
1838 Australian 22 Dec. On landing, I found it was Molrooben, the chief of the Kirkham tribe, and son of the celebrated King Billy.
1894 Bulletin (Sydney) 13 Jan. 4/3 The honour of being King Billy fell into contempt when every male member of the Australian aboriginal race began to lay claim to an elaborately engraven brass half-moon of his own.
1908 Bulletin (Sydney) 12 Mar. 14/3 At one time when a stranger approached a blacks' camp the juvenile King Billies..would disappear into the gunyahs.
1937 Daily Examiner (Grafton, Austral.) 17 Mar. 2/3 King Burraga, better known as King Billy..claims to be head of 75,000 full-blooded aborigines in Australia.
2014 Herald Sun (Austral.) (Nexis) 10 Dec. 2 The respected Aboriginal elder William Wilson..was one of at least three Wathaurung men in the region to be called ‘King Billy’ by European settlers.
King Caucus n. U.S. (now historical) (a personification of) a caucus in Congress with great political or electoral power; cf. sense 10c.
ΚΠ
1823 N.-Y. Spectator 28 Nov. That lamentable overthrow of the well-marshalled forces of King Caucus.
1879 J. J. Lalor tr. H. Von Holst Constit. & Polit. Hist. U.S. II. i. 1 The undemocratic ‘King Caucus’ was already so thoroughly hated that..his days were numbered.
2012 R. J. Ellis Devel. Amer. Presidency ii. 32 The nomination..made Crawford a creature of King Caucus, a Washington insider.
King Cotton n. now historical (a personification of) cotton as a crop or industry, used to indicate its economic importance, esp. in the southern United States; cf. sense 10c.
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1855 D. Christy Cotton is King 186 King Cotton cares not whether he employs slaves or freemen. It is the cotton, not the slaves, upon which his throne is based.
1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South iii. iii. 360 If industry and commerce were sick, King Cotton also was growing continually sicker.
2014 Washington Post (Nexis) 25 May (Travel section) f01 We pass scattered cotton fields, not nearly as many as there were a just a few decades ago, when King Cotton ruled the South.
king shit n. (also with capital initials) coarse slang (originally and chiefly U.S.) (a mock title for) a person of (exaggerated) importance; an arrogant, self-important person.
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1954 J. B. Hall Not by Door v. 73 Boys, I'm King Shit of Turd Island.
1977 G. Woods Bloody Harvest 135 Maybe it'll bring you back down to earth instead of walkin' around like King Shit figurin' you got it made.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxv. 363 We used to..walk around downtown like king shit.
King Willow n. (a personification of) the game of cricket; cf. sense 10c and willow n. 5.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > [noun]
cricket?1575
King Willow1877
1877 Spectator 23 June 789/2 Shandy-gaff used to be the drink at the Court of King Willow, not champagne and moselle-cup.
1933 A. G. Macdonell England, their England xvii. 285 The evening papers were already beginning to talk of the Advent of King Willow.
2001 Sunday Herald (Nexis) 22 Apr. 18 Welcome King Willow...I count myself..blighted because for the first time in several years I'll miss the opening of the season at Taunton.
c. In the names of animals, esp. ones regarded as particularly large or impressive. Cf. Phrases 3b.
† king-auk n. Obsolete rare (a) the great auk, Pinguinus impennis (b) the little auk, Alle alle. [In sense (b) after Norwegian alkekonge little auk; compare Swedish alkekung (mid 19th cent.).]
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Alcidae (auks) > [noun] > alle alle (little auk)
ice bird1620
rotge1694
rotche1806
rotchie1806
sea-dove1826
king-auk1851
dovekie1917
1851 S. F. Baird tr. J. G. Heck Iconogr. Encycl. II. 387 The great or king auk (Alca impennis) is the largest species. [No corresponding word in the German original.]
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. IV. 69 The little sea-dove..or king-auk, as it is styled by the Norsemen.
king bird of paradise n. a small bird of paradise of lowland forests of New Guinea and surrounding islands, Cicinnurus regius, the male of which has a crimson body with white underside, blue feet, and a yellow beak; also called kingbird.
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1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 92 (header) The King of Birds of Paradise [L. Manucodiata Rex], Marggrav.]
1782 European Mag. & London Rev. Jan. 19/1 Among the birds are the African flamingo, humming-bird, king bird of paradise, pelican, &c.
1876 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 20 351 The beautiful king bird of paradise..may be seen climbing on the vines, displaying the bright tints of its splendid, rich, and varied colours.
2009 P. Woodrow First Contact v. 39 The landscape was a unique patchwork of swamp, savannah, and gallery forest. Greater and king birds of paradise were the main attractions.
king brown snake n. a large brown venomous snake, Pseudechis australis, found throughout much of Australia and in New Guinea.
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1946 Sun (Sydney) 18 Dec. 3/4 Holding a deadly King Brown snake in one hand.
1989 R. T. Hoser Austral. Reptiles & Frogs 165 The King Brown Snake occurs in all types of habitat but is most common in dry woodland and arid habitats.
2011 R. Fortey Survivors vii. 217 I climbed a series of rock ledges one by one in search of fossils, only to peep into the eyes of a large king brown snake all curled up.
king carp n. the common carp; spec. (in later use) the mirror carp.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > cyprinus carpio (carp)
carpc1440
river carp1653
seizling1688
koi1727
looking-glass carp1811
king carp1874
mirror carp1879
scale carp1884
mirror1986
1874 S. F. Baird Rep. Commissioner U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries 1872–3 p. lxxvi, in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (42nd Congr., 3rd Sess.: Senate Misc. Doc. 74, Pt. 2) Among the estimable varieties of the true carp, Mr. Hessel specifies as the best the king-carp, or Cyprinus rex cyprinorum.
1908 Westm. Gaz. 7 Aug. 10/3 Yesterday a king carp was hooked.
1931 Austral. Zoologist 6 101 I obtained (under very similar circumstances to those previously mentioned) six very small specimens of the Mirror or King Carp.
2007 A. Little Catch Bigger Coarse Fish xii. 158 The king carp, which is the group descriptive name, comprises a number of different scale patterns.
king cheetah n. a variety of cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus) found mainly in southern Africa, having a short, dark mane, three dark dorsal stripes, and large merging spots. The king cheetah was originally believed to be a separate species, but is now classified as a rare colour morph.
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1928 Times 26 Nov. 11/2 Among purchases approved by the Trustees is a specimen..of the King Cheetah, Acinonyx rex.
1957 London Illustr. News 28 Dec. 1139/2 The occasional mutant, known as the king cheetah, shows a pattern strongly reminiscent of the supposed primitive patterns of young tapirs and young wild pigs.
2006 T. T. Allsen Royal Hunt in Eurasian Hist. 73 The so-called ‘king cheetah’..is only a color variant, owing to a recessive gene, of Acinonyx jubatus.
king cobra n. a large, highly venomous snake of the forests of eastern India and South East Asia, Ophiophagus hannah, having a long narrow hood and chevron-shaped markings; also called hamadryad.
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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Elapidae or Najidae > naja hamadryas (hamadryad)
hamadryad1863
ophiophagus1883
king cobra1887
1887 Notts. Guardian 17 Dec. 8/8 The Bombay Natural History Society has for some time past been trying to obtain a full-grown live specimen of the Hamadryad , or King Cobra (Ophiophagus claps).
1954 Herpetologica 10 109 King Cobras seem to have difficulty in swallowing anything but snakes.
2011 Independent 30 June 13/2 (headline) Breeder of king cobras dies from snake bite.
king conch n. (also king-conk) any of several large marine gastropod molluscs with ornate shells, esp. Lobatus gigas; the shell of any of these gastropods.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > superorder Branchifera > order Prosobranchiata > section Siphonostomata > family Strombidae > member of
Strombus1601
king conch1815
stromb1835
stromboid1891
1815 W. Williams & J. Eagles Jrnl. Llewellin Penrose I. iii. 50 Here I landed, and found the white spots I had seen to be king conches.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 22/1 The shells of this man's stock in trade he called ‘conks’ and ‘king conks’.
1885 A. Brassey In Trades 303 The queen-conch..has gone quite out of favour, and nothing but the king-conch—which, though smaller, is far richer in its colouring of dark chocolate and reddish brown—is looked upon with favour as an article of commerce.
2008 S. Kennedy Grits & Grunts 144 Both the elongated ‘king conch’ and the more common ‘queen conch’ are relished raw and prepared in a variety of forms.
king crow n. originally Anglo-Indian any of several South Asian birds of the family Dicruridae thought to resemble crows; esp. the black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus, a small black songbird having a long, forked tail, known to attack much larger birds that enter its territory.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > [noun] > family Dicruridae
king crow1809
the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > flock > leader of flock
king crow1809
1809 W. Simpson et al. Fabricius' Malabar & Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) 44/2 A black bird with a long tail that sings before day-break; a king-crow [1779 king of the crows].
1883 E. H. Aitken Tribes on my Frontier 143 The King-crow..leaves the whole bird and beast tribe far behind in originality and force of character.
1998 R. J. Huggett Fund. of Biogeogr. (2002) 113/2 Another bird species, the king crow (Dicrurus macrocercus)..feeds on insects disturbed by the foraging minas.
king duck n. the king eider, Somateria spectabilis.
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Somateria > somateria spectabilis (king-duck)
king duck1785
king eider1824
1785 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. II. 554 (heading) Eider and king duck.
1876 C. H. Davis Narr. North Polar Exped. Ship Polaris xvi. 378 The Esquimaux shot three king-ducks.
2009 G. Chilton Curse Labrador Duck vii. 101 You will find him in cabinet 230, on the third level of exhibitions, between a pair of King Ducks.
king eider n. a large sea duck found throughout the Arctic, Somateria spectabilis, the male of which has a mostly black body, pale bluish head, and a distinctive orange plate outlined in black above the bill.
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the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > genus Somateria > somateria spectabilis (king-duck)
king duck1785
king eider1824
1824 J. F. Stephens Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 229 (heading) King eider. (Somateria spectabilis.)
1893 C. Dixon Game Birds 447 The King Eider..is occasionally found in fresh water.
2013 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 23 Nov. e14 The remaining female King Eider continued to be reported at Andrew Haydon Park.
† king-fluke n. Scottish Obsolete rare the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Scophthalmidae (turbot) > genus or member of Scophthalmus > scophthalmus maximus (turbot)
buttc1300
turbotc1300
sprent1324
breta1475
birt1552
sea pheasant1633
rhomb1720
brat1760
rodden fluke1793
king-fluke1895
1895 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ in ‘J. Bickerdyke’ et al. Sea Fishing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 367 They [sc. turbot] are called on the east coast of Scotland king-fleuk.
King Harry n. English regional (chiefly East Anglian) (now rare) the goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis (also King Harry Redcap).
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Carduelis > carduelis carduelis (goldfinch)
goldfincheOE
goldspinka1522
carduel?1530
thistle-finch1589
thistlewarp1598
fool's coata1682
grey pate1728
tailor-warbler1783
redcap1785
sheriff's man1796
goldie?1800
King Harry1824
sweet-william1848
tailor1848
thistle-bird1872
thistle-feeder1904
1824 Eclectic Rev. Jan. 91 Philip for a sparrow, Jacob for a starling, and King Harry, alias Jack Nicker, for a gold-finch.
1848 Zoologist 6 2186 The goldfinch..is the King Harry from its beautiful crown.
1866 H. Stevenson Birds Norfolk I. 224 A common name for this bird in Norfolk and Suffolk is ‘King Harry,’ or King Harry Redcap.
1999 R. Malster Mardler's Compan. King Harry, a goldfinch.
† kinghunter n. [after kingfisher n.] Obsolete any of several African and Australian species of kingfisher which feed on land.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Coraciiformes (kingfisher, etc.) > [noun] > family Alcedinidae > unspecified and miscellaneous types
kingfisher1611
tody1773
robin1826
kinghunter1837
robin redbreast1847
malachite kingfisher1903
1837 W. Swainson On Nat. Hist. & Classif. Birds II. 154 These are the habits of the European kingfisher..and travellers affirm that the king-hunters..pursue the same method.
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. IV. 401 The giant kinghunter of Australia.
1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 64 I saw a pair of the great African Kingfishers, and a handsome Kinghunter.
king lory n. now rare = king parrot n.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Psittaciformes (parrots, etc.) > [noun] > miscellaneous types of
lovebird1597
king parrot1803
vasa1811
king's parakeet1826
king lory1837
love-parrot1852
conure1858
king parakeet1865
ring-neck1879
love-parakeet1889
palette1890
lorilet1901
sackie1951
1837 List Animals Liverpool Zool. Gardens 17 King Lory.
1923 W. Lavallin Puxley Wanderings Queensland Bush v. 58 The parrots which were commonest in my swamp were the glorious king lories and the innumerable Blue Mountain parrots.
2004 Sunday Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 16 May 107 Also known as the red lory or king lory, the king parrot nests throughout the year except for winter.
king mackerel n. any of several large mackerels of the genus Scomberomorus; (in later use) spec. a large mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, found in the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico and valued as a food fish; also called kingfish.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > suborder Scombroidei (mackerel) > [noun] > family Scombridae > member of Scomberomorus (Spanish mackerel)
kingfish1775
Spanish mackerel1832
pintado1874
king mackerel1879
cero1884
sierra1889
katonkel1893
speckled hound-fish-
1879 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Jan. 120/2 In the water, whales, porpoises and the great king mackerel give them no peace.
1938 New Yorker 2 Apr. 36/2 King mackerel serves as Spanish, and bonito may be sold as either Spanish or king mackerel.
1957 Biol. Bull. 113 361 Other teleosts, such as the common sea robin (Prionotus carolinus),.., king mackerel (Scomberomorus regalis), and bonito (Sarda sarda), had 5 to 10% immature red cells.
2006 G. Pretor–Pinney Cloudspotter's Guide ix. 206 Then the fishmonger gave me a hot tip. If I could find someone selling young king mackerel this would do the job.
king mullet n. rare †(a) the cardinal fish, Apogon imberbis (also called king of the mullets) (obsolete); (b) any of various species of mullet thought to be particularly striking in appearance.
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1824 W. H. Smyth Mem. Sicily App. p. lxix [Mullus] imberbis. Re di Trigghia. King mullet.
1851 P. H. Gosse Naturalist's Sojourn Jamaica 208 There was a pair of King-mullets (Upeneus maculatus).
2000 D. L. Shores Tangier Island x. 215 Names for the former [sc. white mullet] are sand mullet, sea mullet, Virginia mullet, roundhead, kingfish, king mullet, and whiting.
† king ortolan n. U.S. regional Obsolete (rare in later use) any of several species of rail; esp. the king rail, Rallus elegans.
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the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Rallidae (rail) > genus Rallus > rallus elegans (king-rail)
king rail1835
king ortolan1862
1862 E. Coues & D. W. Prentiss in Ann. Rep. Board Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1861 (37th Congr., 2nd Sess: U.S. Senate Misc. Doc.) 416 Rallus elegans, Aud.—Fresh-water Marsh-hen. ‘King Ortolan’. Found sparingly in early autumn in the marshes along the rivers.
1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 122 Gallinula galeata..At Washington King-Ortolan..The name King-ortolan is given by Coues and Prentiss..as an alias of Rallus elegans.
1923 U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Circular No. 13. 40 In local use.—Bull rail (Wis.); double rail (N. C.);..; king ortolan (D. C.).
king parakeet n. now rare = king parrot n.; cf. earlier king's parakeet n. at Compounds 5b.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Psittaciformes (parrots, etc.) > [noun] > miscellaneous types of
lovebird1597
king parrot1803
vasa1811
king's parakeet1826
king lory1837
love-parrot1852
conure1858
king parakeet1865
ring-neck1879
love-parakeet1889
palette1890
lorilet1901
sackie1951
1865 Proc. Zool. Soc. App. 870 King Parrakeet. Aprosmictus scapulatus... Presented by W. Hansard Rivington.
1883 Cassell's Nat. Hist. III. 315 Several..well known as cagebirds, such as the King Parrakeet.
2012 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 11 Nov. b3 Brewer August Busch Sr. had donated a King parakeet, one of only three in the United States.
king parrot n. any parrot of the genus Alisterus, comprising medium-sized birds with a brilliant red and green plumage found in Australasia and Indonesia.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Psittaciformes (parrots, etc.) > [noun] > miscellaneous types of
lovebird1597
king parrot1803
vasa1811
king's parakeet1826
king lory1837
love-parrot1852
conure1858
king parakeet1865
ring-neck1879
love-parakeet1889
palette1890
lorilet1901
sackie1951
1803 J. Grant Narr. Voy. New S. Wales 111 Mr. Cayley shot a king parrot.
1890 ‘Lyth’ Golden South 127 The brilliant scarlet and green king parrot.
2006 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 18 June (Escape section) 6/2 The pellets and wildlife seeds are shared amicably by rainbow lorikeets and king parrots that flock to the bird feeder.
king penguin n. a large penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, having vivid orange cheek and throat markings and whose breeding grounds encompass the subantarctic islands.The king penguin is the second largest species of penguin after the emperor penguin.
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the world > animals > birds > order Sphenisciformes or penguin > [noun] > member of genus Aptenodytes (emperor)
king penguin1776
emperor1844
emperor penguin1844
1776 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 66 103 There are four kinds; the yellow, or king penguin; the red; the black or holey, from their burrowing under ground; and the jumping jacks, from their motion.
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. IV. 59 The king penguin of the Falkland Islands..and some other rocks and islands of the Antarctic Ocean.
2013 Times (Nexis) 13 Aug. 18 King penguins take five years to become fully mature.
king prawn n. any of various large prawns or shrimps commonly fished or farmed for food, esp. those belonging to the families Aristeidae, Palaemonidae, and Penaeidae.
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1886 33rd Ann. Rep. Comm. Free Public Libr. Liverpool 26 A large specimen of the King Prawn, Palæmon carcinus? from Madras; presented by Dr. Spratley.
1938 Proc. Zool. Soc. 108 166 The two common prawns of the estuaries and fish markets of New South Wales to-day are the King Prawn, Penæus plebejus, and the School Prawn, Penæopsis macleayi..the vernacular names go back for at least thirty years.
2015 Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. 9 It will be the first time king prawns have ever been cultivated here.
king rail n. a large North American rail, Rallus elegans, typically found in marshland, having brown, speckled plumage and a long, downward-curving beak.The king rail is the largest species of rail found in North America.
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the world > animals > birds > order Gruiformes > [noun] > family Rallidae (rail) > genus Rallus > rallus elegans (king-rail)
king rail1835
king ortolan1862
1835 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. III. 28 They now and then obtained a few of these birds, which they considered as very rare, and knew only by the name of ‘King Rails’.
1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 125 The present species [sc. Rallus elegans]..being the King Rail of ‘the books’.
2011 Facts (Brazoria County, Texas) 21 Apr. 4 a/2 The king rail is a chicken-like bird that likes to hang out in marshes.
king salmon n. North American the chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus quinnat.The chinook salmon is the largest of all Pacific salmon.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > member of genus Oncorhyncus (chinook)
red fish1763
spring salmon1776
gorbuscha1784
keta1824
quinnat1829
Chinook salmon1851
coho1869
king salmon1871
silver trout1873
kokanee1875
salmon1884
sockeye1888
chisel-mouth1889
pink salmon1899
spring1900
tyee1902
pink1905
blackmouth1906
chum1908
greenback cut-throat1989
1871 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Agric. 1870 382 (heading) in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (41st Congr., 3rd Sess.: House Exec. Doc.) King salmon. Onchorhynchus orientalis.
1959 Vancouver Sun 28 Aug. 5/1 Fall is also in the return of the salmon to their rivers—not in the early king salmon runs that come to a few rivers in May.
2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 Feb. d12/3 The quality of the king salmon that the restaurant gets from Alaska is divine.
king scallop n. (a) Australian the commercial scallop, Pecten fumatus, an edible scallop with asymmetric valves found off the coasts of Australia (now rare); (b) a large edible scallop, P. maximus, found off the coasts of western Europe and the Mediterranean, also called great scallop.
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1932 Mercury (Hobart) 2 May 1/8 (advt.) Select the Choicest King Scallops. Only 4d dozen.
1953 Good Neighbour (Austral. Capital Territory Dept. of Immigration) Sept. 4/5 He..saved enough to return to Tasmania and set up in business supplying king scallops to the markets.
1984 World Fishing May 23/2 Dr Jeremy Paul of the Sea Fish Industry Authority's Marine Farming Unit at Ardtoe, Argyll, told the meeting that he was examining techniques to cultivate the king scallop (Pecten maximus)..in Scottish waters.
1998 Aquaculture 169 56 Successful development of scallop culture techniques in Japan has led to an upsurge of interest in the possibilities of cultivating king scallops (Pecten maximus Linnaeus) in European waters.
2010 Illustr. Cook's Bk. of Ingredients 78 (caption) King scallops are at their very best pan-seared, although intense heat makes the roe or coral pop.
kingsnake n. any of various North and Central American snakes of the genus Lampropeltis, which are known to attack and feed upon other snakes, esp. the common kingsnake, L. getulua.Frequently with distinguishing word, as common kingsnake, speckled kingsnake, etc.
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the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Colubridae > member of genus Ophibolus
kingsnake1709
thunder-snake1800
milk snake1826
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > types of snake > [noun] > family Colubridae > member of genus Lampropeltis (king-snake)
kingsnake1709
house snake1807
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 132 The King-Snake is the longest of all others, and not common.
1883 E. Coues in Cassell's Nat. Hist. IV. 319 Both Rattlesnakes and Mocassins will endeavour to get away from the ‘King Snake’.
1953 H. S. Zim & H. M. Smith Reptiles & Amphibians iii. 99 Common King Snake is a shiny black with bands of yellow crossing in a chainlike pattern.
2012 H. L. Montgomery Kingsnakes 28 The speckled kingsnake was at risk of dying out in Iowa. After people created more natural areas, the snake became more common.
† king-tyrant n. Obsolete rare the eastern kingbird, Tyrranus tyrranus, a large flycatcher of North America having a dark grey head and body with white underside, and a small reddish patch on the crown.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > [noun] > family Tyrannidae (tyrant-bird) > genus Tyrannus
kingbird1778
king-tyrant1837
1837 W. Swainson On Nat. Hist. & Classif. Birds II. 7 Bees appear to be a favourite food with..the king tyrant of North America (Tyrannus intrepidus).
1905 Guide Gallery of Birds in Dept. Zool. of Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 113 The King-Tyrant (Muscivora regia).., with its tiara-like crest of orange feathers.
king vulture n. a large vulture of lowland forests of Central and South America, Sarcoramphus papa, whose head and neck are patterned with several striking colours.
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1792 Buffon's Nat. Hist. Abridged (London ed.) II. 23 Of those birds which may be accounted foreign, that which is called the king vulture..greatly demands pre-eminence.
1885 Standard Nat. Hist. IV. 268 The bird of this group whose appearance is most striking is the king-vulture.
2014 Gettysburg (Pa.) Times 20 Oct. b6 The king vulture has the most brightly colored head of all vulture species.
† king-wasp n. Obsolete rare a queen wasp.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > queen
king-wasp1724
queen1724
queen wasp1724
sow-wasp1875
1724 W. Derham in Philos. Trans. 1722–3 (Royal Soc.) 33 54 The Queen, or Female-Wasp (by many called the King-Wasp).
d. In the names of plants.
king apple n. †(a) a kind of apple grown in Spain (obsolete rare); †(b) a cultivated variety of English apple with large, early-ripening fruits (obsolete); (c) any of a group of cultivated varieties of apple grown in North America, esp. (more fully Tompkins King apple) a variety bearing a large fruit with red-flushed yellow skin and aromatic yellow flesh. [Compare earlier pomeroyal n. and pomeroy n.]
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pome-paradise1601
French pippin1629
gillyflower1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
calville1691
passe-pomme1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
Sturmer Pippin1831
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Macoun1924
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of
costardc1390
bitter-sweet1393
pippin?1435
pomewater?1435
Queening?1435
richardine?1435
blaundrellc1440
pear apple1440
tuberc1440
quarrendenc1450
birtle1483
sweeting1530
pomeroyal1534
renneta1568
deusan1570
apple-john1572
Richard1572
lording1573
russeting1573
greening1577
queen apple1579
peeler1580
reinette1582
darling1584
doucin1584
golding1589
puffin1589
lady's longing1591
bitter-sweeting1597
pearmain1597
paradise apple1598
garden globe1600
gastlet1600
leather-coat1600
maligar1600
pomeroy1600
short-start1600
jenneting1601
pome-paradise1601
russet coat1602
John apple1604
honey apple1611
honeymeal1611
musk apple1611
short-shank1611
spice apple1611
French pippin1629
king apple1635
lady apple1651
golden pippin1654
goldling1655
puff1655
cardinal1658
renneting1658
green fillet1662
chestnut1664
cinnamon apple1664
fenouil1664
go-no-further1664
reinetting1664
Westbury apple1664
seek-no-farther1670
nonsuch1676
white-wining1676
russet1686
calville1691
fennel apple1699
queen1699
genet1706
fig-apple1707
oaken pin1707
musk1708
nonpareil1726
costing1731
monstrous reinette1731
Newtown pippin1760
Ribston1782
Rhode Island greening1795
oslin1801
wine apple1802
fall pippin1803
monstrous pippin1817
Newtown Spitzenburg1817
Gravenstein1821
Red Astrachan1822
Tolman sweet1822
grange apple1823
orange pippin1823
Baldwin1826
wine-sap1826
Jonathan1831
Sturmer Pippin1831
rusty-coat1843
Newtowner1846
Northern Spy1847
Cornish gilliflowerc1850
Blenheim Orange1860
Cox1860
nutmeg pippin1860
McIntosh Red1876
Worcester1877
raspberry apple1894
delicious1898
Laxton's Superb1920
Melba apple1928
Melba1933
Mutsu1951
Newtown1953
discovery1964
1635 W. Saltonstall tr. G. Mercator Historia Mundi 186 There are two sorts of apples in this Country [sc. Spain], which are chiefe note, the wrinckled apple, and the King-apple [L. mala..Regium].
1665 J. Rea Flora iii. i. 209 The King Apple is as early ripe as the last, bigger and much better tasted.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 539 The King Apple, tho' not common, yet is by some esteemed an excellent Apple.
1806 B. M'Mahon Amer. Gardener's Cal. 584/2 Select List of Fruit-Trees... Summer Apples... King Apple.
1918 H. H. Knight Investig. Scarring of Fruit (Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station Bull. 396) 204 The Tompkins King apple is particularly tender, and it is this variety that shows oftenest the effects of spray injury.
2008 C. Flinn Fresh & Local 118 King apples are locally grown in Nova Scotia.
king bolete n. North American the edible woodland mushroom Boletus edulis (family Boletaceae), which is highly prized in cooking; = cèpe n.Also called porcino, penny bun.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > fungi > [noun] > mushroom
mushroom1440
champignon1578
swamp1631
morel1653
moriglio1698
flap1744
agaric1777
chanterelle1777
flab?18..
nutmeg-boletus1813
blewits1830
mitre mushroom1854
cèpe1865
horse mushroom1866
matsutake1877
girolle1894
shiitake1925
miller1954
old man of the woods1972
king bolete1976
shroom1977
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 13 Mar. 19/2 The king bolete is to the commercial mushroom as champagne is to stale beer.
1996 M. Stensaas Canoe Country Flora 189 Look for the King Bolete in summer under pines, hemlocks, birch, or aspen.
2013 Monterey County (Calif.) Herald 23 Dec. King boletes sliced raw with quality olive oil, salt, pepper and a drizzle of Meyer lemon juice.
† king-cob n. Obsolete any of several plants of the genus Ranunculus; = kingcup n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > buttercup
butterflower1527
kingcup1538
crow-flower1597
king-cob1597
gilt cup1610
pissabed1640
Goldilocks1650
craysec1652
buttercup1688
yellow cup1824
bulbous buttercup1844
goldballs1854
Meg-many-feet1878
clovewort1886
sitfast1901
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 805 Crowfoote is called..in English King kob.
1672 W. Salmon Polygraphice i. xxiii. 62 June is drawn in a mantle of Dark grass-green; upon his head a Coronet of Bents, King-cobs, and Maiden-hair.
1835 E. Matthews Orig. Hymns & Moral Poems (ed. 2) 9 We'll mingle the woodbines and violets blue, And the cowslips that lie at our feet, With king-cobs and daisies of every hue, And make our gay garland complete.
1884 Naturalist's World 1 178/1 I have repeatedly heard people in the rural districts of Cambridgeshire call them [sc. buttercups] ‘king cobs’, evidently a corruption of ‘king cops’.
king coconut n. a type of coconut found in Sri Lanka, having a yellow or orange husk and containing sweet coconut water and flesh; (also) a coconut tree producing such fruit.
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1833 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 26 Oct. 311/2 The king cocoa-nut..is of a bright orange colour, and is usually presented as a compliment by the priests to respectable Europeans, whose curiosity may have induced a visit to the shrine of Budhoo.
1915 Ann. Royal Bot. Gardens, Peradeniya 6 22 The tree..was said to have ordinary (i.e., green) coconuts on one side and king coconuts (i.e., yellow) on the other, that is, on different inflorescences.
1992 R. Gunesekera Monkfish Moon (1998) 68 You remember how his window opened to your garden full of such grand old trees: mango, king-coconut, bread-fruit.
† king-cure n. U.S. Obsolete rare a pipsissewa ( Chimaphila umbellata or Chimaphila maculata); also called prince's pine.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Ericaceae (wintergreen and allies) > [noun]
wintergreen1525
pyrola1527
limonium1548
rheumatism weed1785
pipsissewa1793
prince's pine1807
king-cure1817
shin-leaf1845
wood-lily1884
1817 W. P. C. Barton Veg. Materia Medica U.S. I. 28 (note) It [sc. Chimaphila umbellata] was recognized as a plant known in that state [sc. Delaware] by the name of ‘King-cure’.
1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Kingcure, pyrola maculata.
king devil n. U.S. (more fully king devil weed) any of several hawkweeds (genus Hieracium) or mouse-ear hawkweeds (genus Pilosella), esp. when regarded as troublesome weeds.Many of the species known by this name were introduced to North America from Europe.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > other weeds
zizanya1400
hog's fennel1525
zizania1526
eyebright1578
henbit1578
red eye-bright1657
common orache1728
sitfast1762
winter weed1787
dubbeltjie1795
red bartsia1805
tread-softly1814
rattlesnake leaf1822
popple1855
horse-nettle1860
Cape weed1878
tree-tobacco1895
king devil1898
khaki weed1907
white top1909
three-corner jack1919
1898 N. L. Britton & A. Brown Illustr. Flora Northern U.S. III. 284 King-devil..in north-central New York..a troublesome weed. Naturalized from Europe.
1905 Trans. Mass. Hort. Soc. 14 Some of them [sc. introduced weeds] die out after one or two seasons and cause little trouble, but others, like the king-devil weed (Hieracium praealtum) and its less notorious but none the less mischievous relatives have within a decade become sources of peril in many parts of New England.
1999 F. Royer & R. Dickinson Weeds Northern U.S. & Canada 41 King devil (H. pratense Tausch.) is similar to orange hawkweed... The two species are distinguished by the king devil's yellow flowers.
2010 Z. J. S. Falck Weeds iii. 97 Dry roadsides were lined with clovers, cow vetch, dogbane, ox-eye daisies, and king devil.
king fern n. †(a) any fern of the genus Osmunda (cf. royal fern n. at royal adj. and n. Compounds 3a(b)) (obsolete); (b) Australian a very large fern with erect bipinnate fronds, native to parts of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, Todea barbara (family Osmundaceae); (c) New Zealand the large tropical fern Marattia salicina; = para n.4
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the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > horseshoe fern or part
king fern1829
para1869
potato fern1881
synangium1881
horseshoe-fern1898
the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > king fern
king fern1829
the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns
mountain parsley1578
female fern1597
rock parsley1597
spleenwort1597
marsh fern1686
prickly fern1764
parsley fern1777
sensitive fern1780
lady fern1783
stone-brake1796
mountain fern1800
rock brake1802
walking leaf1811
todea1813
shield-fern1814
Woodsia1815
mangemange1817
cinnamon fern1818
climbing fern1818
bladder-fern1828
king fern1829
filmy fern1830
ostrich fern1833
New York fern1843
mokimoki1844
rhizocarp1852
film-fern1855
nardoo1860
gymnogram1861
holly-fern1861
limestone-polypody1861
elk-horn1865
Gleichenia1865
lizard's herb1866
cliff brake1867
kidney fern1867
Christmas fern1873
Prince of Wales feathers1873
Christmas shield fern1878
buckler-fern1882
crape-fern1882
stag-horn1882
ladder fern1884
oleander fern1884
stag fern1884
resam1889
lip-fern1890
coral-fern1898
bamboo fern1930
pteroid1949
fern-gale-
1829 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants 1130 (table) Osmunda L...King fern.
1875 Mercury (Fitzroy, Austral.) 6 Feb. 4/1 Here the King Fern holds his regal court.
1911 W. R. Guilfoyle Austral. Plants 354 Todea barbara. ‘King Fern’ or ‘Swamp Sponge Fern’.
1921 H. B. Dobbie N.Z. Ferns (ed. 2) xxix. 374 M[arattia] fraxinea (like an ash leaf). ‘Para’, ‘King Fern’, ‘Horseshoe Fern’. The largest herbaceous fern in New Zealand; plentiful in the early days, now becoming scarce.
1962 J. H. Willis Handbk. Plants Victoria I. 10 T[odea] barbara... Austral King-Fern (King Fern)..all States except W.A. (but very localized in S.A.), N.Z., S. Afr.
1963 B. Pearson Coal Flat xxii. 379 The three of them huddled under a king fern.
2010 J. Trill Down Under over Easy 105 The King Fern is in decline now as a result of introduced animal species adding it to their diet.
king-nut n. U.S. †(a) the mockernut, Carya tomentosa (obsolete); (b) a large species of shellbark or shagbark hickory, Carya laciniosa.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > North American trees or shrubs > [noun] > hickory
pohickory1644
pignut1666
hickory1670
hickory tree1682
shagbark1751
shell-bark1769
scaly-bark1775
swamp hickory1806
hognut hickory1810
kiskitomasa1817
water hickory1818
nutmeg hickory1832
king-nut1880
1880 C. S. Sargent Catal. Forest Trees N. Amer. (10th Census U.S.: Forestry) 44 A fine variety, bearing large, thin-shelled, valuable nuts, is known in the valley of the Genesee River, New York, as ‘King Nut’.
1896 N. L. Britton & A. Brown Illustr. Flora Northern U.S. I. 486 Hicoria laciniosa. Big Shag-bark, King-nut.
2015 T. Kimmerer Venerable Trees iv. 62 Kingnut is known as a long-lived tree, and there are many trees in the Bluegrass that are probably over three hundred years of age.
king pear n. now rare any of several cultivated varieties of pear, (in later use) spec. one having early-ripening fruits with a red-flushed yellow skin; a fruit of such a variety.
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pear > [noun] > other types of pear
calewey1377
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
critling1611
pearc1612
nutmeg1629
rosewater pear1629
amber pear1638
Christian1651
chesil1664
diego1664
frith-pear1664
primate1664
saffron pear1664
Windsor pear1664
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
ambrette1686
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
amadot1706
burree1719
Doyenne1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
chaumontel1755
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
nashi1892
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of
calewey1377
honey peara1400
pome-pear1440
pome-wardena1513
choke-pear1530
muscadel1555
worry pear1562
lording1573
bon-chrétienc1575
Burgundian pear1578
king pear1585
pound pear1585
poppering1597
wood of Jerusalem1597
muscadine1598
amiot1600
bergamot1600
butter pear1600
dew-pear1600
greening1600
mollart1600
roset1600
wax pear1600
bottle pear1601
gourd-pear1601
Venerian pear1601
musk pear1611
rose pear1611
pusill1615
Christian1629
nutmeg1629
rolling pear1629
surreine1629
sweater1629
amber pear1638
Venus-pear1648
horse-pear1657
Martin1658
russet1658
rousselet1660
diego1664
frith-pear1664
maudlin1664
Messire Jean1664
primate1664
sovereign1664
spindle-pear1664
stopple-pear1664
sugar-pear1664
virgin1664
Windsor pear1664
violet-pear1666
nonsuch1674
muscat1675
burnt-cat1676
squash pear1676
rose1678
Longueville1681
maiden-heart1685
ambrette1686
vermilion1691
admiral1693
sanguinole1693
satin1693
St. Germain pear1693
pounder pear1697
vine-pear1704
amadot1706
marchioness1706
marquise1706
Margaret1707
short-neck1707
musk1708
burree1719
marquis1728
union pear1728
Doyenne pear1731
Magdalene1731
beurré1736
colmar1736
Monsieur Jean1736
muscadella1736
swan's egg1736
chaumontel1755
St Michael's pear1796
Williams1807
Marie Louise1817
seckel1817
Bartlett1828
vergaloo1828
Passe Colmar1837
glou-morceau1859
London sugar1860
snow-pear1860
Comice1866
Kieffer pear1880
sand pear1880
sandy pear1884
snowy pear1884
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 99/2 Pirum regium... A king peare with a very litle stalke.
1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 118 The Red King Pear [Fr. Roy Roux].
1763 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 189 There are other Stones formed like the Fruits of Trees, some exactly in the Form of the Bell, or King Pear, others like the Stone of an Almond.
1875 Bazaar, Exchange & Mart 21 July 53/3 The Caillot Rosat, or King pear, is a very good early pear, and is juicy, sweet, melting and of fine flavour.
2015 J. Morgan Bk. Pears 220/1 English Caillot Rosat... Syn. King Pear.
† king pine n. Obsolete (a) a cultivated variety of pineapple, spec. one having large fruits and spineless leaves (cf. queen pine n. at queen n. Compounds 2); (b) a large fir native to the Himalayas, Abies spectabilis (rare).
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the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > pineapple > [noun]
pine1587
pineapple1624
king pine1657
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > pineapple
pina1572
pine1587
ananas1613
pineapple1624
king pine1657
crown1683
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 83 The King Pine, has for the most part, all sorts of yellows, with their shadowes intermixt with grass greens, and is commonly the larger Pine.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1668 (1955) III. 513 That rare fruite called the King-Pine, (growing in Barbados & W. Indies).
1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica III. viii. 792 The smooth-leaved, or king pine.
1855 C. McIntosh Bk. Garden II. 642/2 The foliage would have determined the question, as the King pine is smooth, without prickles.
1872 Gardener's Monthly Mar. 74/1 Pinus Webbiana, Wallich. King Pine, Dye Pine. On the Himalaya Mountains, at an elevation of 12 to 13,000 feet.
† king plant n. [after Sinhala vana rāja ( < Sanskrit vana rāja, lit. ‘king of the woods’)] Obsolete rare a tropical Asian orchid, Anoectochilus setaceus, having purplish leaves with a network of gold veins.
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1845 Compan. Bot. Mag. 18 in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 71 The ‘King plant’ of Ceylon Anæctochilus setaceus.., which has rich velvety leaves, covered, as it were, with a net-work of golden lace.
king protea n. a shrubby South African protea having a large inflorescence with red or pink bracts, Protea cynaroides; (also) the inflorescence of this plant.The king protea is the national flower of the Republic of South Africa.
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1925 H. M. L. Bolus Bk. S. Afr. Flowers iii. 72 There is no mistaking the identity of a King Protea, wherever you may find it, and whatever tint of pink the involucral scales may be.
1998 P. R. Dallman Plant Life in World's Mediterranean Climates 127 The king protea reaches six feet (2 m) at maturity and grows as a single plant, rather than as large clumps.
2006 Independent 23 Nov. (Extra section) 8/1 If you've ever sent or received a postcard from South Africa, you're likely to have seen the fleshy bloom of a king protea on the postage stamp.
† king-tree n. Obsolete rare a large tropical American tree of the genus Mora (perhaps Mora excelsa) (see mora n.4).
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > South American and West Indian trees or shrubs > [noun] > others
persea1601
mahoe1666
poison berry1672
white mangrove1683
maiden plum1696
angelin1704
garlic-pear1725
milkwood-tree1725
Jack-in-the-box1735
cherimoya1736
rattle bush1750
galapee1756
genip1756
lace bark1756
sunfruit1787
wild orange1802
hog-nut1814
mountain pride1814
savannah wattle1814
mora1825
rubber tree1826
mayflower1837
bastard manchineel1838
long john1838
seringa1847
sack tree1849
jumbie tree1860
jumbie bean1862
king-tree1863
gauze-tree1864
mountain green1864
snowdrop tree1864
strong bark1864
switch-sorrel1864
candle-tree1866
maypole1866
angelique1873
poisonwood1884
porkwood1884
1863 H. W. Bates Naturalist on River Amazons I. ii. 69 The Moira-tinga (the White or King-tree), probably the same as, or allied to, the Mora excelsa, which Sir Robert Schomburgk discovered in British Guiana.
C5. Compounds with king's.
a. In the names of various offices, institutions, or other groups, with the sense ‘of, belonging to, or in the service of the king’, ‘royal’ (cf. queen n. Compounds 3a), as king's customs, king's taxes, king's soldiers, etc.King's Counsel, king's highway, King's Messenger, king's peace, King's Remembrancer, King's Speech, king's ship: see the second element.In quot. OE designating Old English ūtwaru, lit. ‘out-defence’, services (i.e. taxes) due to the king, originally including feudal military obligations (in contradistinction to inwaru, services due to the landlord).
ΚΠ
OE Laws: Norðleoda Laga (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 460 Gif ceorlisc man geþeo, þæt he hæbbe v hida landes to cynges utware.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 777 Ðis wæs don on þe cininges tune Freoricburna hatte.
1433 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. July 1433 §51. m. 4 The seid merchantz aliens..sende her money overe the see by soche eschaunges: and so the kynges custume is colourably consealed and enbesiled.
1439–40 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1439 §63. m. 1 Many souldeours..have mustred and entred in of record the kyngs souldeours, afore his commissioners.
?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth lxii. f. lxxxviv In the mean tyme Marius whiche was in assaut of the kynges towre coude nat perfourme his enterprise.
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies iv. iv. 458/1 An Auditor or receauer of the kinges customes.
1654 J. Cleveland Idol of Clownes (new ed.) sig. A3v The liberty of the free-born people (pilled, and fleyed by the Kings taxes).
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 153 There would be ten thousand pound per annum advance in the Kings Customs yearly.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xxxv. 231 I have,..paid scot and lot, and the king's taxes.
1775 C. Chauncy Let. 18 July in R. Price Corr. (1983) I. 218 All communication between the King's troops and the Country is cut off.
1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 427/1 A magistrate and receiver of the king's taxes.
1895 Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 9 89 For the king's customs and Southampton dues fifteen shillings.
1905 W. Watson Ballad Semmerwater in Poems I. 193 King's tower and queen's bower.
1959 R. R. Palmer Age of Democratic Revol. I. vii. 197 Fighting between the King's troops and the people of Massachusetts began..in April 1775.
2013 P. Andreas Smuggler Nation ii. 29 Resentment toward the king's customs became a unifying cause in the otherwise fragmented..American colonies.
b.
King's Advocate n. (during the reign of a king) (a) British a legal representative of the Crown in the ecclesiastical or Admiralty courts; (b) the chief legal officer of the Crown in Scotland, Ireland, and certain Commonwealth countries; cf. Lord Advocate n., Queen's Advocate n. at queen n. Compounds 3a.
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1511 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) I. 348/2 The kingis advocat sal persew the said nonentres be summondis.
1606 Rep. Proc. Assemblie of Ministers Abirdeen sig. B7 The Kings advocat was put to his shift, namely to charge the Assise only to finde, whether the prisoners had declined the Councels iudgment or no.
1696 J. Gordon Diary Apr. (1949) 62 I was..persuaded to give in a dimission befor the sentence of the Councell should pass quich I subscrybed & gave in to the hands of the Kings Advocate on the 9.
1741 Ld. Kames Decisions Court of Session 2 341 A Party who..had been committed to prison by the King's advocate.
1840 W. C. Curteis Rep. Cases Eccl. Courts 1 353 This Allegation was opposed by Addams for the Churchwardens. The King's Advocate and Haggard were heard in support of it.
1987 H. J. Bourguignon Sir William Scott, Lord Stowell ii. 41 He was appointed to the lucrative position of King's Advocate, the official who represented the government's interest before the admiralty court and the ecclesiastical courts.
2004 St. John's (Newfoundland) Tel. (Nexis) 8 Nov. a7 He was given additional responsibilities as King's Advocate in the Court of Vice-Admiralty in St. George's.
† king's ale n. Obsolete rare ale of the strongest type.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > ale > [noun] > strong ale
merry-go-downa1500
king's ale1574
nippitatum1576
angels' food1577
huff-cap1577
mad dog1577
lift-leg1587
barley-broth1593
huma1625
stitchback1671
bummocka1688
hum-cap1699
Burton1738
stitch1742
old boy1743
barley-bree1786
huff1790
Morocco1792
old1884
1574 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1876) I. 25 That thair be na derare aill sauld nor sax penneis the pynt, and that the samyn be kingis aill and werraye guid.
king's bad bargain n. an incompetent or lazy soldier or sailor, a shirker (now only in historical contexts); cf. king's bargain n., King's hard bargain at hard bargain n. 3.
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1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) One of the king's bad bargains, a malingeror, or soldier who shirks his duty.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. King's bargain, Good or Bad; said of a seaman according to his activity and merit, or sloth and demerit.
2002 D. Lambdin Sea of Grey xxxiii. 365 He suspected that Gamble might be a King's Bad Bargain, and nothing better than a Landsman, after all.
king's ball n. U.S. a ball (or any of a series of balls) held before the start of Lent, in which young men and women are chosen from among the guests to preside over the festivities as kings and queens; cf. king ball n. (a) at Compounds 4a.The tradition of the King's Ball originated with French colonists in the area around Missouri.
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1849 Literary World (N.Y.) 13 Oct. 310/1 ‘A king's ball?’ ‘Ah, you have not heard. Certain of the youngsters..at every yearly winter's ball of the neighborhood, are presented with bouquets by the ladies who have been the chosen queens of the festivities then concluding; and each bouquet presentee is crowned the king of the next year's ball.’
1903 A. M. Douglas Little Girl in Old St. Louis xiv. 200 ‘What is this I hear about the king's ball?’..She gave a brief description of it. ‘And there are four queens. Each chooses a king.’
2007 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 31 Dec. On the first Saturday of February, the people of Ste. Genevieve and their out-of-town visitors don French colonial costumes and dance at the annual King's Ball.
† king's bargain n. Obsolete rare a competent or hard-working sailor; also more fully king's good bargain (cf. king's bad bargain n.).
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society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > type of soldier generally > [noun] > malingerer or shirker
malingerer1785
skulker1785
king's bargain1867
carpet soldier1869
chocolate-cream soldier1894
chocolate soldier1895
snow-bird1905
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. King's bargain, Good or Bad; said of a seaman according to his activity and merit, or sloth and demerit.
a1891 H. Melville Billy Budd (1962) xviii. 95 Captain Vere..deemed Billy Budd to be what in the naval parlance of the time was called a ‘King's bargain’: that is to say, for His Britannic Majesty's navy a capital investment at small outlay or none at all.
king's bishop n. Chess the bishop standing on the king's side of the board at the beginning of the game; cf. queen's bishop n. at queen n. Compounds 3b.
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1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Biiiv If he play his kings knight to thre houses from his kings bishop [It. delo delphino delo re], thou shalt take..his kinges Paune.
1614 A. Saul Famous Game Chesse-play iv. sig. B5v The third house in the front of the Kings Bishops Pawne.
1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess Pref. p. vii The gambet is, when he that [plays] first gives the pawn of the king's bishop, in the second move for nothing.
1891 Times 14 Feb. 7/6 The 20th move of Mr. Steinitz in the Evans Gambit game is king's bishop to queen's bishop's second.
2006 D. Shenk Immortal Game i. iii. Anderssen now began to develop them [sc. his major pieces], first by moving his King's Bishop out three diagonal squares.
king's blue n. a cobalt blue colour of any of various shades of light and dark; a pigment of this colour; a dye, paint, etc., made from this pigment.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > [noun] > other blues
blue-green1659
water blue1723
king's blue1778
garter-blue1792
smalt-blue1794
pencil blue1815
stone-bluea1855
azuline1864
night-blue1868
canard1872
Labrador blue1873
electric1882
chasseur-blue1900
cornflower1907
petrol blue1913
larkspur1927
petrol1927
flow-blue1961
the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > blue pigment > specific
azurec1374
lapis lazulia1425
litmusc1503
verditer1505
florey1527
bice1548
smalt1558
smalts1591
smalt1598
ultramarine1598
litmus blue1612
verditer1665
ultramarine blue (or colour)1686
blue sublimate1700
Prussian blue1724
terre bleue1728
starch blue1742
king's blue1778
verditel1778
Antwerp brown1787
Berlin blue1794
lacmus1794
Antwerp blue1795
French blue1802
lapis1811
Waterloo blue1815
Waterloo1823
cobalt1835
Thénard's blue1837
iron blue1839
turnsole1839
permanent blue1863
opal blue1880
Haarlem blue1885
cyanine blue1886
cerulean blue1889
Victoria blue1890
Milori blue1899
Prussian1911
Windsor blue1912
gentianine1927
Monastral1936
Alcian Blue1947
1778 J. Haigh Dyer's Assistant xixi. 159 Cloth dyed King's Blue, and greened with the Flower of the Virga aurea Canadiensis, makes a very fine Green.
1847 Pharm. Jrnl. & Trans. 6 83 Cobalt Glass finely ground is sold as smalt;..powder blue; the purest and darkest sorts as king's blue, or emperor blue.
1943 W. C. Coker & A. H. Beer Boletaceae N. Carolina 69 Flesh dingy white, turning King's blue when cut.
2012 T. Swimm in M. Clarke et al. Art Painting Landscapes, Seascapes, & Skyscapes iv. 90 Add Payne's gray,..king's blue deep, and burnt umber to your palette.
king's books n. (also king's book) now historical (with the and frequently with capital initials) a record of the value of lands, properties, etc., kept for the purposes of levying taxes; spec. the valuation of church property made in 1535 by order of Henry VIII.
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society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > tax > taxation > [noun] > tax list or book
stent-roll1517
king's books1536
tax-roll1545
task-roll1577
task-book1624
tax-booka1640
cadastre1804
cataster1855
tax-list1898
1536 Act 28 Henry VIII c. 11 §5 in Statutes of Realm III. (1963) 667 As moche as the said personage Vicarage or other spirituall promotion aforsaid..is rated and valewed atte uppon the Kynges bokes.
a1640 J. Day & H. Chettle Blind-beggar (1659) sig. D3v You are more in the King [s] Books than he, and pay more scot and lot a fair deal, so ye do.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xiii. 148 The Customs in the Kings Books, are but 2 per Cent. for Mahometans, and 5 per Cent. for Gentiles.
1822 H. Lomas Diary 26 Jan. in Two 19th Cent. Herts. Diaries (2002) 21 Livings of £10 and £20 in the Kings Book are since 1714 augmented by Queen Ann's Bounty.
1904 S. H. A. Hervey Denham Parish Reg. 1539–1850 152 In or near 1534..another valuation was made, which is known as Valor Ecclesiasticus or the King's Books.
1987 W. M. Reddy Money & Liberty Mod. Europe iv. 128 The king's ministers..refused..to open the king's books to public scrutiny.
king's chair n. a seat made by two people who cross arms and hold each other's hands to form a support for another person; cf. king's cushion n.
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1842 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 29 Jan. 12/3 The boy and girl who give most [money] are..styled King and Queen. The children, being then dismissed for a holiday, proceed along the streets in a confused procession, carrying the King and Queen in state, exalted upon that seat formed of crossed hands which, probably from this circumstance, is called the King's Chair.
1900 W. Forsyth In Shadow Cairngorm xxiii. 196 At the ford he and his brother made a king's chair, with their hands locked, and bore her safely across.
2009 Sunday Times (Nexis) 15 Mar. (Sport section) 6 The Taoiseach..made his way to the Irish dressing room and, in the euphoria, was hoisted in a king's chair by the Irish players.
King's Champion n. [after post-classical Latin campio regis (1104 in a British source)] (in the United Kingdom) the holder of a hereditary office whose traditional role is to issue a formal challenge at coronation ceremonies in defence of the king’s title to the throne; this office or role; cf. Queen's Champion n. at queen n. Compounds 3a, champion n. 2c.This office can be traced back to the Norman Conquest, and is invested in the Dymoke family of Scrivelsby manor in Lincolnshire.Although the King's (or Queen's) Champion still has a role in coronations, George IV's ceremony in 1820 was the last to feature the formal challenge.
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?c1475 ( in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 147 (MED) Came Phillipe Dymmok ridyng to the halle, Armyd clene with armure so bright..As the kynges champion by heritage, There redy his body and his gloove to wage, Yif there were any man that wille say the contrary That kyng Harry the sixt is crownyd truly.
1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. lxxiiiv At the seconde course came into ye hall, sir Robert Democke the kynges champion.., and threwe downe his gauntlet.
1600 R. S. tr. P. de Mornay Fowre Bks. i. viii. 66 There was named and chosen for the king a Knight... But the kinges Champion, as sayeth the historie, was quicklie ouercome.
1706 Rehearsal 31 July At the Coronation Dinner, the King's Champion comes in Armour, and Challenges any to Fight with him who shou'd Deny the King's Title.
1859 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 34 From the time of Henry I. the office of king's champion was one of honor and dignity.
1911 Times of India 19 May 6 The King's Champion..is unfortunately now rather an historical than an actual office.
2015 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 3 Apr. 31 Sir John Dymoke established his right to be King's Champion at the coronation of Richard II in 1377... The title of King's Champion and the Manor of Scrivelsby went together.
king's coin n. now archaic or historical (chiefly with the) (originally) †the image of a king stamped on a coin (obsolete); (later) the official coined currency during the reign of a king.
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c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iv. l. 113 (MED) And alle rome renneris..Bere no siluer ouer se..Neiþer grotis ne gold ygraue wiþ kinges coyn.
1504 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §12. m. 13 Almaner of pens..havyng the prynt of the kynges coyne shall have cours and be curraunt for payment.
1628 H. Burton Seuen Vials 36 If a man take the Kings coyne, and beate it into a thinne leafe, vsing it only to guild over brasse,..what good subiect of the King will take it for currant.
1764 T. Brecknock Droit le Roy 47 To counterfeit the king's coin, is declared high treason.
1837 Penal Code prepared by Indian Law Commissioners (Indian Law Comm.) Notes 47 We think that the King's coin should have the same protection which is given to the coin of the local Government.
1905 J. S. Vaughan Faith & Folly (ed. 2) 309 As late as the reign of King Charles II. men were sometimes boiled alive for clipping the king's coin.
2014 S. Harvey Domesday ii. vi. 135 Whilst the possession of a mint was granted occasionally to the highly privileged, it was always the king's coin that was minted.
King's Colour n. (in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries) one of the two flags making up, along with the Regimental Colour, the colours carried by a regiment, typically having a design which incorporates the Union Jack or other national flag and the royal cipher (also in plural in the same sense); cf. colour n.1 20a.
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1629 J. Dymes Let. 22 Jan. (modernized text) in Cal. State Papers, Domest. Ser. Charles I (1859) 455 [When she [sc. a small man-of-war]]..saw them put up the King's colours, [she endeavoured to escape].
1786 Gen. Regulations & Orders His Majesty's Forces 15 The two Eldest Ensigns carrying the Colours,..the King's Colour taking the Right of the second Colour.
1838 J. Forster in D. Lardner Cabinet Cycl. IV. 17 The captains..offered to lend or to give a set of the king's colours to the colony to be displayed on the occasion.
1951 Times 28 May 4/4 The King's Colour was presented to the Royal Air Force in the United Kingdom by Princess Elizabeth, deputizing for the King.
2015 Bendigo (Victoria) Advertiser (Nexis) 31 July The 38th Infantry Battalion's King's Colours were returned to Bendigo in a ceremony at the Soldiers Memorial Museum.
king's commission n. authority granted to a person or institution by a king; spec. the authority to serve as an officer in the armed forces; (also) a document conferring this authority.
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1539 Anno Tricesimo Primo Henrici Octaui f. xxviiiv Ye..shall truely and indifferently execute the aucthoritie to you giuen by the kynges commission.
1646 Perfect Occurr. Parl. No. 27. sig. Cc3v Kedgwin of Penzants was commander, a notable active knave against the parliament, and had the Kings commission.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. 66 The great court of appeal in all ecclesiastical causes.., appointed by the king's commission under his great seal.
1859 J. Taylor Pict. Hist. Scotl. II. xlii. 412/1 Notwithstanding his having produced the king's commission under the great seal, [he] had been made prisoner.
1918 W. Faulkner Let. 6 Oct. in Thinking of Home (1992) 111 There is a Red Cross nurse in the hospital..who holds the King's commission as a first lieutenant.
2005 G. Sheffield & J. Bourne in D. Haig War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 501 He was very aware that officers held the King's Commission.
King's Confession n. now historical (a title given to) a Protestant confession of Presbyterian faith signed in 1581 by King James VI of Scotland and soon after ordered for general national subscription, later incorporated in the National Covenant of 1638; = negative confession n. (a) at negative adj., adv.2, and int. Compounds.Written by John Craig (c1512–1600), the Confession was produced in reaction to concerns about Catholic influence in Scotland, especially at court, and is characterized by the rejection of all doctrine not in accord with the Scots confession of faith of 1560.
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a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 87 The King's Confession, published for removing suspition of Papistrie from the Court, sighted and allowit.
1891 Dict. National Biogr. XXV. 391/2 The instrument henceforth known as the ‘national covenant’..consisted of the document known as the ‘king's confession’ or the ‘negative confession’.., followed by a recital of numerous acts of parliament, [etc.].
2001 R. C. Gamble in G. McKim Westm. Handbk. Reformed Theol. 131/2 The King's Confession is a strongly worded litany of all that the Scottish Protestants detested about the teachings and practices of the Roman Church.
king's cup n. now rare a drink made from lemon juice, water, and sugar; lemonade.
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the world > food and drink > drink > fruit juice or squash > [noun] > juice with sugar and water
imperial water1535
lemonadoc1640
lemonade1664
orangeade1672
Barbados-water1700
imperial drink1767
imperial1772
beverage1796
lemon cordial1836
citronade1840
king's cup1843
ade1861
lemon1885
limeade1892
citron pressé1916
bellywash1959
nimbu pani1961
1843 J. Pereira Treat. Food & Diet 357 Lemon juice..may be either added to barley water, or mixed with sugar and water to form Lemonade... A somewhat similar beverage has been denominated King's Cup.
1889 Atlantic Monthly Apr. 548/1 'T was king's cup, made of lemons and a deal of sugar.
1942 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 14 Nov. 4/6 Questions..What drink's the king's cup?..Answers..Lemonade.
† king's cushion n. Scottish and English regional (northern) Obsolete a seat made by two people who cross arms and hold each other's hands to form a support for another person; cf. king's chair n.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance by carrying > [noun] > by a person > chair formed by linked hands
lady-chair1707
king's cushion1818
queen's cushion1825
saddle seat1913
1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 168 He was now mounted on the hands of two of the rioters, clasped together, so as to form what is called in Scotland, ‘The King's Cushion’.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words King's-cushion, a sort of seat made by two persons crossing their hands, on which to place a third.
a1854 E. Grant Mem. Highland Lady (1988) I. xiii. 274 The men wanted to make a king's cushion and carry her home.
king's day n. a day of celebration marking a King's birthday, coronation day, or other anniversary.In earlier use frequently with reference to the anniversary of the accession of James I on 24 March 1603.
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1618 S. Garey Great Brittans Little Cal. 1 (heading) Britanniae Uota, or God saue the King. For the Kings day, the 24. day of March.
1826 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 48/2 Easter-day happening to fall on what was commonly called ‘the King's day’, that is, the anniversary of his Accession.
1891 F. G. Fleay Biogr. Chron. of Eng. Drama II. 239 Heywood's Love's Mistress..was the King's day play of 19th Nov. 1634.
2016 J. W. Koopmans Hist. Dict. Netherlands (ed. 3) 211 King's Day, the birthday of the sovereign,..is a national holiday in the whole Kingdom of the Netherlands.
king's ellwand n. Scottish (now rare) (a) the group of stars known as Orion's Belt (cf. ell-wand n. 3); (b) a foxglove.
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1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck I. 140 The se'en starns had gaen oure the lum, an' the tail o' the king's elwand was just pointin to the Muchrah Crags.
1829 J. Hogg Shepherd's Cal. I. 248 King's Elwand (now foolishly termed the Belt of Orion).
1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 157 About Greenlaw, the plant, from its stateliness, bears the elegant name of the King's Elwand.
1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen I. x. 181 You would have thought the Duchess had stars on her head—all glinting as they do in a frosty sky—and a circle about her neck that looked like the King's Ellwand, but far more of them.
1901 M. P. Milne-Home Stray Leaves from Border Garden viii. 209 The prettiest name they bear is at a place called Green Law or the Green Hill, that of the King's Ellwand.
1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 191 King's ellwand.
1947 O. Percival Our Old-fashioned Flowers 175 King's Ellwand, Digitalis.
King's English n. [apparently after king's coin n.] (chiefly with the) the English language regarded as under the guardianship of the King of England; (hence) standard or correct English, usually taken as that written and spoken by educated people in Britain; cf. Queen's English n. at queen n. Compounds 3b.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > standard
King's English1553
king's languagea1566
Queen's English1592
received pronunciation?1710
Standard English1806
Southern English1860
World English1888
RP1889
Modified Standard English1913
Received Standard1913
B.B.C. English1928
Oldspeak1949
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 86 These fine Englishe clerkes, will saie thei speake in their mother tongue, if a man should charge them for counterfeityng the kynges English.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 5 Abusing of Gods patience, and the Kings English . View more context for this quotation
1787 Eng. Rev. May 284 That fervent zeal which now displays itself among all ranks of persons,..to circulate the purity of the king's English among them.
1836 E. Howard Rattlin xxxv. 144 They..put the king's English to death so charmingly.
1941 W. J. Cash Mind of South i. i. 28 Smelly old fellows with baggy pants and a capacity for butchering the king's English.
2003 E. Stuart Entropy & Alchemy vi. 71 The British, custodians of the King's English and supposedly so careful and conscientious with words.
† King's even n. Obsolete rare (apparently) the eve of the Epiphany, Twelfth Night.Apparently with reference to the ‘king’ of the Epiphany festivities; cf. king cake n. at Compounds 4a.
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a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 230 Upoun the Kinges Evin, when French men commonlie use to drynk liberallie.
† king's freeman n. Scottish Obsolete (historical in later use) a person who, in return for service in the army, navy, etc., has the right to trade as a freeman without being a member of a guild or corporation.
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1779 in Scotland's Opposition to Popish Bill (1780) 221 The Societies of Journeymen Coopers, King's Freemen, Journeymen Hammerman, Friendly Tradesmen.., consisting in all of about three hundred members.
1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 570 King's freemen are not limited in the exercise of their trade to the bounds of the corporation where they reside.
1906 C. A. Hunt in D. C. Smith Historians of Perth xiv. 199 He maintained that having served his Majesty he was a King's Freeman, with the right to settle in business in any burgh, without the consent of any trades guild.
king's friends n. now historical members of parliament who supported George III (1760–1820), in his attempts to increase the power of the crown.
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1767 E. Burke Corr. (1844) I. 135 Much moderation towards the king's friends, and many apologies for every part of their conduct.
1861 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. (ed. 2) viii. 103 A trusty band of ‘king's friends’—men for the most part attached to his service, by holding military or household places, and who act..on behalf of the royal person.
2013 J. Norman Edmund Burke ii. 65 Burke..attributes to the ‘King's Friends’, an alleged Court faction of shadowy advisers,..a parallel administration designed to control the workings of government from the inside.
king's gambit n. Chess a gambit in which a sacrifice of the king's bishop's pawn is offered; cf. queen's gambit n. at queen n. Compounds 3b.
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1811 Monthly Mag. Nov. 320/1 What is the meaning of the word ‘Gambit’, found in French and English chess-books, as ‘the king's gambit’, ‘Cunningham's gambit’, ‘the gambit-pawn’, &c.?
1897 Amer. Chess Mag. Dec. 407/2 In the four games of the King's Gambit declined, white in every case won this opening.
2015 Sc. Daily Mail (Nexis) 19 Oct. 55 Spassky played the king's gambit and won with a brilliant sacrificial attack.
king's knight n. Chess the knight standing on the king's side of the board at the beginning of the game; cf. queen's knight n. at queen n. Compounds 3b.
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1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Gii Thou shalt play forth thy kinges Knight to the thyrde house of the Bishop.
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester v. 74 He not perceiving your intention..makes for your Queen with his Kings Knight.
1799 P. Pratt Theory of Chess iv. 27 King's knight at king's bishop's 3d square.
1870 Westm. Papers Jan. 141/2 To White King's Knight the Bishop yields his life.
2004 D. Edmonds & J. Eidinow Bobby Fischer goes to War vi. 63 A two-move thrust of..the king's knight to the centre.
† king's language n. Obsolete the English language; = King's English n.
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the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > standard
King's English1553
king's languagea1566
Queen's English1592
received pronunciation?1710
Standard English1806
Southern English1860
World English1888
RP1889
Modified Standard English1913
Received Standard1913
B.B.C. English1928
Oldspeak1949
a1566 R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) sig. Fijv Crowsphus, you clippe the Kinges language, you would haue said Carisophus.
c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) Ded. 2 Your courteoures, quha..sum tymes spilt (as they cal it) the king's language.
king's letter man n. British Navy (now historical) a sailor in the Royal Navy, of a rank equivalent to midshipman, recruited to be trained as an officer. [So called because they carried a letter from the crown which significantly helped their further career.]
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1700 J. Tutchin Remarks upon Navy 22 Those Gentlemen that were Reformades, or King's Letter-men, were sure of being Lieutenants in former times, and as sure of being Captains in their turn.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 423 King's letter men, An extinct class of officers, of similar rank with midshipmen. The royal letter was a kind of promise that if they conducted themselves well, they should be promoted to the rank of lieutenant.
2007 H. W. Dickinson Educating Royal Navy i. 21 George Brydges Rodney, one of the last of the Volunteers per Order or ‘King's Letter Men’..joined his first ship..in May 1733.
King's Letters n. now historical a document issued by a king to authorize or command an action or payment; cf. letters patent n. at patent adj. 1a. [After classical Latin litterae rēgis and post-classical Latin litterae regiae (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources).]
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a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 247 Esdras, the writere, come doun wiþ þe kynges lettres [L. litteris regiis], by þe whiche he schulde descharge þe ministres of þe temple of al manere tribute, [etc.].
1495 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1495 §29. m. 18 The kingis lettres undir his pryve seale..shalbe sufficient discharge for the..payment therof.
a1683 A. Sidney Disc. Govt. (1698) iii. §xiv The Kings of England cannot change the Laws:..they are so far from having any such Power, that the Judges swear to have no regard to the King's Letters or Commands.
1837 Cases Court of Session 15 60 A command on the King's letters, such as to pay a debt or perform a deed.
2005 A. P. W. Malcomson Nathaniel Clements 119 The second procedure..was the use of retrospective king's letters to ‘exonerate’ the deputy vice-treasurer for payments made by him at the request of the Irish government.
† King's own n. Navy slang (originally and chiefly British) Obsolete (a) (during the reign of a king) articles of crown property, as military equipment, provisions, etc., typically marked with an identifying symbol, esp. such articles on board a ship; (in extended use) distinctively marked government property; cf. queen's own n. at queen n. Compounds 3b; (b) salt beef, junk (junk n.1 3), esp. as a military provision.
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1830 F. Marryat King's Own iii Every article supplied to his Majesty's service from the arsenals and dockyards is thickly studded with this mark [sc. the broad arrow]..[which] designates that property to be the King's own.
1832 United Service Jrnl. Jan. 41 A dish of salt-fish at the bottom, and a sea-pie at the head, in which the King's Own served a more substantial purpose than merely to flavour it.
a1849 F. Hoffman Sailor of King George (1901) ix. 123 We attacked a tolerably good-looking piece of King's own, with the addition of some roasted plantains.
1884 Naval Encycl. 419/1 King's own, a term applied to all articles issued from the royal store-houses or magazines, and marked with a broad arrow.
1898 A. Ansted Dict. Sea Terms King's own..was one of many names given to the salt beef supplied to the people.
king's parade n. British Navy slang (now historical and rare) the quarterdeck of a ship.So named because of the requirement to salute on stepping on to it as a mark of respect to the king.
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1834 W. N. Glascock Naval Sketch-bk. 2nd Ser. I. v. 74 An unusual assemblage of mates and mids had also congregated on the ‘king's parade’.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 423 King's parade, a name given to the quarter-deck of a man-of-war, which is customarily saluted by touching the hat when stepping on it.
1986 R. Woodman Baltic Mission iv. 44 ‘The Captain desires that you attend him on the quarterdeck’... ‘What the devil does he want me on the King's parade for?’
† king's parakeet n. Obsolete rare a king parrot; = king parakeet n. at Compounds 4c.
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1826 Zool. Jrnl. 2 57 In a specimen of the Platycercus scapulatus, or King's Parrakeet, of New Holland, which was for some time alive in this country.
1863 Proc. Zool. Soc. App. 545 King's Parrakeet. Aprosmictus scapulatus... Presented by Sir J. Cathcart.
king's pattern n. a style of cutlery having double and single representations of honeysuckle flowers and a scallop shell terminal, struck on both sides of a rounded, fiddle-shaped handle; (also) an item having this design.Recorded earliest in attributive use.
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1810 Morning Post 17 Aug. (advt.) A beautiful service of the King's pattern spoons, forks, &c.
1829 New Monthly Mag. 25 538 The rich and the elegant..are sure to attribute their right to the use of fiddle-headed king's pattern spoons..to their own indefeasible privileges and indisputable merits.
1841 Mag. Domest. Econ. Sept. 66 The effect upon a dinner table [of chased plate] is so much superior, that we can have no hesitation in recommending..the best, that is the king's pattern.
1975 Oak Leaves (Oak Park, Illinois) 3 Dec. 56/2 This is where she displays her specialities—King's Pattern silverware, brass oil lamps, and antique reproduction wooden tables.
2012 ‘Gentle Author’ Spitalfields Life 168/2 ‘It's a living,’ admitted John..while polishing his cherished stock of ‘shell and line’ and ‘king's pattern.’
king's pawn n. Chess the pawn standing immediately in front of the king at the beginning of the game; cf. queen's pawn n. at queen n. Compounds 3b.
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1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Biiiv Thou shalt take with thy knight his kinges Paune [It. la pedona delo re].
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester v. 74 Your adversary plays his Kings Pawn forward a double remove in his own file.
1735 J. Bertin Noble Game of Chess p. v The king's pawn..must move before the knights.
1884 Knowledge 11 Apr. 254/2 How shall the attacked King's Pawn be defended?
1930 Times 31 Dec. 14/5 Tylor..played a king's pawn opening.
2012 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 4 Feb. (Weekend section) 18 He virtually always began the game..with e4, moving his king's pawn up two spaces.
king's peg n. a drink made by mixing brandy and champagne; cf. peg n.1 12.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > cocktail > [noun] > brandy cocktail
flesh and blood1825
brandy-smash1850
spider1854
brandy-flip1865
king's peg1890
sidecar1922
sol y sombra1930
Brandy Alexander1946
1890 R. Kipling in Lippincott's Mag. Aug. 248 He has taken to the king's peg heavily,—liqueur brandy for whiskey, and Heidsieck for soda-water.
1912 L. J. Vance Destroying Angel ii. 11 Peter whistled, watching the wine cream over the brandy in the long glass. ‘King's peg, eh?’ he said, with a lift of disapproving eyebrows.
2009 A. J. Rathbun Dark Spirits 112 It's good to be the king or queen. You get to sport a jeweled crown, drink King's Pegs from dusk till dawn, and wear one of those..super-soft robes.
† king's piece n. Obsolete a vertical post which supports the timbers of a roof at the apex; (also) a lintel; cf. king piece n.
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1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. xii. 450/1 Struts, pieces that go from either side the Kings piece to the Rafter of the Gable end to support them.
1736 Neve's City & Country Purchaser's & Builder's Dict. (ed. 3) Hyperthyron, the Lintel, or Cap-piece of a Door-case. 'Tis also used to signify a large Table in Manner of a Frieze above Dorick Gates. It is often called the King's-piece.
1889 Cent. Dict. King-post, the middle post standing at the apex of a pair of rafters, and having its lower end fastened to the middle of the tie-beam... Also called..king's-piece.
King's Preacher n. British (now historical) (during the reign of a king) any of four clergymen appointed as itinerant preachers to promote Protestant doctrine in areas of Lancashire where Roman Catholicism persisted after the Reformation; cf. earlier Queen's Preacher n. at queen n. Compounds 3a.The office was created by Queen Elizabeth I in 1599 and was abolished in 1845, by which time it had come to be regarded as a sinecure.
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1691 R. Baxter Penitent Confession iii. 30 All the rest were moderate Episcopal Conformists... We knew this to be true of..the Lord Kimbolton (after Earl of Manchester and Lord Chamberlain that chose the Kings Preachers).
1789 St James's Chron. 23 Apr. The Bishop of Chester has made Mr Jackson King's Preacher.
1856 Trans. Hist. Soc. Lancs. & Cheshire 8 68 Mr Shaw held the office of King's Preacher, being one of four preachers sharing a royal stipend of £200, first established by Queen Elizabeth.
2012 T. Schwanda Soul Recreation iii. 116 Ambrose..served in Garstang as one of the King's Preachers.
king's purse n. now historical the royal treasury; the funds or revenue of a king.
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a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 34 Infisco, put into kyngis purse.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxiii All her charges within the realme, comminge to the courte & returnynge, were of the kynges pursse.
1651 Life & Reigne King Charls 28 What by sales procured by her solicitations, as much more was yearly drayned out of the Kings purse.
1809 Cobbett's Compl. Coll. State Trials III. 1191/1 Nothing must come to the king's purse, nor to the king's coffer, but it must be for the defence of the kingdom.
1905 W. H. P. Greswell Forest & Deer Parks Somerset xiii. 207 Montibus..held a manor by the serjeanty of training one brachet (hunting-dog),..receiving a halfpenny a day from the king's purse.
2009 16th Cent. Jrnl. 40 618 Crown officials methodically confiscated the ‘strangers' consulage’ for themselves (and the king's purse).
King's Roll n. now historical (a) a roll of parchment containing an official legal record and viewed as the property of the king; cf. roll n.1 1b; (b) (also King's National Roll) a list of employers who pledged to employ a percentage of disabled ex-servicemen after the First World War (1914–18).
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society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun] > specific list of employers
King's Roll1684
1684 J. Trye Jus Filizarii 20 For most truly and properly all the Rolls of this Court are the King's Rolls, or Rolls of the King's Bench.
1751 Tryal J. Cather 35 Amongst the Pleas of the King's Roll.
1856 R. W. Eyton Antiq. Shropshire III. 16 Lacy rejoined that the King did not contemplate his forfeiture..and, to determine this, he appealed to the King's Rolls of Chancery.
1919 Times 15 Sept. 10/1 (headline) King's Roll. New work scheme for disabled.
1919 Times 11 Nov. 10/5 I..appeal to employers..to give a pledge of their sympathy by enrolling their names on the King's National Roll under the national scheme for the employment of disabled men.
1961 Cambr. Law Jrnl. 19 217 It secured for a conveyance the privilege of registration upon the King's rolls.
2000 D. Cohen in D. A. Gerber Disabled Veterans in Hist. iii. 296 In Britain, the King's Roll sufficed to employ fewer than half of the nation's disabled.
2015 Surrey Mirror (Nexis) 17 Sept. A document issued by the National Scheme for the Employment of Disabled Men stating that R.B. Amos..had been inscribed on the King's National Roll.
king's rook n. Chess the rook placed on the king's side of the board at the beginning of the game; cf. queen's rook n. at queen n. Compounds 3b.
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1562 tr. Damiano da Odemira Pleasaunt Playe of Cheasts sig. Gii If therefore he playe his kynges Rooke one steppe..thou shalt play forth thy kinges Knight to the thyrde house of the Bishop.
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester v. 58 The Kings Rook guards his own Pawn, and the Kings Knight.
1761 E. Hoyle Ess. Game of Chess v. 43 The King's Rook in his Bishop's Square.
1841 G. Walker New Treat. Chess (ed. 3) 2 The pieces on the King's side of the line are called..King's Bishop, King's Knight, and King's Rook.
2007 N. McDonald Chess Success vii. 194/2 The first (and last) move by the white king's rook in the entire game.
king's scholar n. British (a title given to) a person who has been awarded a scholarship funded by a royal endowment or foundation; cf. king's scholarship n.
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?1621 Catal. Provosts Kinges Coll. Cambr. (Rawl. B.274) f. 49v Yee long Chamber at Eton Colledge, where ye Kings Scholars lye.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 112 Queene Elizabeth..ordained..fourtie Schollers, called the Queenes or Kings Schollers, who (as they become worthie) are preferred to the Vniuersities.
1754 Universal Mag. Apr. 181/1 His mother procured him to be admitted a King's scholar in Westminster school.
1883 J. Brinsley-Richards Seven Years at Eton xii. 112 [A boy] who had come from Aberdeen..to try and pass on to the foundation as a King's scholar.
1938 Life 4 Apr. 56/1 (caption) In these ill-lighted pens of ancient oak in Eton's original dormitory, live the 70 King's Scholars, known as ‘Collegers’.
2013 Independent Schools Yearbk. 2012–13 227/2 Up to twenty King's Scholars and Exhibitioners are elected each year following competitive examinations and interviews.
king's scholarship n. British a scholarship funded by a royal endowment or foundation, esp. in certain public schools or colleges founded by royal charter, and typically awarded on the basis of academic merit, performance, etc.
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1766 Biographia Britannica VI. ii. 126 Obtaining a King's Scholarship, he was elected thence to Trinity college Cambridge in 1648.
1840 Musical World 31 Dec. 421 Royal Academy of Music—The ‘severely contested’ election for the King's Scholarship is decided in favour of Miss Emma Bendixen and Mr Cronin.
1976 R. Barker Blockade Busters 10 He encouraged the boy to try for a King's Scholarship to Eton.
2012 Independent Schools Yearbk. 2011–12 120/1 The prestigious King's Scholarship award can be awarded to top performing candidates [at Durham School].
King's Scout n. (in Britain and some former British colonies, during the reign of a king) a Boy Scout (Boy Scout n. 1 ) who has reached the highest rank of proficiency through the achievement of various scouting badges; the rank or badge thus attained; also attributive.This rank was established by King Edward VII in 1909; cf. later Queen's Scout n. at queen n. Compounds 3b, which replaced the rank of King's Scout on the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.
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1911 19th Cent. & After July 140 He continues to qualify until he attains the proud distinction of King's Scout.
1951 Boys' Life May 60/4 This pageant..shows the progress of a boy from Tenderfoot to King's Scout (British Scouting's highest rank).
1983 Scouting Jan. 49/1 Baden-Powell..got the King [sc. Edward VII] to approve his suggestion that boys who passed special tests should be ranked as King's Scouts.
2008 C. Lowe Social Hist. Swimming Eng. 1800–1918 117 The King's Scout award required prospective candidates to earn the ‘Pathfinder’ badge as well as four of six from a list of other badges: ‘Ambulance,’ ‘Cyclist,’ ‘Fireman,’ ‘Marksman,’ ‘Rescuer’ and ‘Signaller’.
king's silver n. now historical (a) (Law) a duty formerly paid to the Crown for the royal licence to levy a fine; = post fine n.; (b) silver blessed by a king and used to make cramp-rings (cramp-ring n. 1).
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > mineral medicine > [noun] > medicines prepared from other minerals
king's silverc1400
sulphurc1400
cerusec1405
mummy1601
sal-prunella1664
prunella salt1721
antimonial1728
mummia1770
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of levying fines
post fine1573
king's silver1617
prefine1625
c1400 Simonie (Peterhouse) (1991) l. 385 Þei byggeþ with þe kynges seluer boþe londes and ledes.
1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 35 A rowund ryng of the kynges silvir.
1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas Kings siluer, is properly that money, which is due to the King in the Court of common plees, in respect of a licence there granted to any man for passing a fine.
1794 W. Cruise Ess. Nature of Fines (ed. 3) I. ii. 23 The king's silver, which is sometimes called the post-fine..is an antient revenue of the crown.
1846 Irish Equity Rep. 8 322 Payment of the King's silver..can never be deemed legal evidence of a fine levied.
2001 Local Historian 31 108 There were a variety of documents associated with the process of levying a fine, notably the pre- and post-fines made by the Clerk of the King's Silver.
2001 D. N. Robinson in J. Moriarty Hist. Mental Illness in Criminal Cases I. iv. 37 Cramp-rings, made from the King's silver and gold and blessed by him, were passed around as gifts..in Renaissance England.
† king's stroke n. Obsolete rare the touch of a king's hand as a (supposed) cure for scrofula; = king's touch n.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > non-scientific treatments > [noun] > touching for king's evil
king's stroke1613
healing1676
touching1704
1613 R. Zouche Dove 30 O! may some Royall Heau'n grac'd hand asswage This swelling Euils Kings-stroke-asking rage!
king's touch n. now historical (with the) the touch of a king's hand as a (supposed) cure for scrofula or (sometimes) other diseases; the ability of a king to heal in this way; cf. king's evil n., touch v. 1f.
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1665 J. Dolben Serm. Good-Friday 46 Esteeming his scornfull blows as healing as the Kings Touch.
1700 W. Baron Regicides iii. 128 He had often met with that Distemper in the Eyes, and was seldom able to master it; but finding the King's Touch as seldom fail'd, advis'd all Patients..to take that course of Cure.
1830 W. Scott Auchindrane ii. i, in Doom of Devorgoil 266 'Tis just as if a wretch retain'd the evil, When the King's touch had bid the sores be heal'd.
1999 R. E. Guiley Encycl. Witches & Witchcraft (ed. 2) 154/1 The king's touch was the reputed ability of royalty to heal, especially a type of scrofula called the king's evil.
† king's wand n. Obsolete a sceptre; cf. king wand n. at Compounds 4a.
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society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > regalia > [noun] > sceptre
kine-yardOE
wandc1330
sceptrea1340
king's wanda1400
king wanda1400
sceptre-wandc1485
mace1559
sceptre-staff1842
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7864 Þai sett a ceptre in his hand, þat man clepes kyngs wand.
king's widow n. Law (now historical) a widow who is obliged to ask the king's permission before remarrying, under laws intended to restrict the disposal of lands held in capite.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > widow or widower > [noun] > widow > types of widow
pure widowhood1427
vowess1506
king's widow1540
widow1561
Merry Widowc1567
widow mother1582
virgin widowa1644
war widow1866
1540 Act 32 Henry VIII c. 46 §25 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 805 The said maister..shalhave auctoritie by this acte to survey all the Kinges widowes..that have maried them selfis without the Kinges licence..for their reasonable fynes to be made to the Kinges use.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Bbbb4v/1 The Kings widow..is that widow, which after her husbands death being the Kings tenent in capite, is driuen to recouer her Dower by a writ De dote assignanda.
1777 Laws respecting Women 208 The widow coming into the chancery, and there making oath that she will not marry without the king's leave, obtains a writ of dota assignando. These widows are called the king's widows.
1829 R. Thomson Hist. Ess. Magna Charta 173 The Relicts of such persons..were called the King's Widows..; and the ancient fine paid by any of them for marrying without license, was the value of her dowry for one year.
1967 G. J. Hand Eng. Law in Ireland 1290–1324 iii. 81 The justiciar's court was the proper place for such proceedings as..why a king's widow was married without licence, and so forth.
2012 M. A. Hicks 15th-cent. Inquisitions Post Mortem 7 Writs ordering such assignments specified that the ‘king's widows’ should swear not to remarry without royal assent.
king's yarn n. now historical and rare yarn of a distinctive colour woven into a rope for the purpose of identifying it as crown property; (chiefly and in earliest use in similative and figurative contexts) an indicator of a particular quality, character, etc.; cf. rogue's yarn n. at rogue n. and adj. Compounds 2.
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1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Sept. 163/1 Pray God he may'nt turn out to be a king's-yarn of the old fellow [sc. the devil] himself.
1845 Newall versus Webster & Others 135 A mark like the King's yarn put into a rope to colour it?—It was a yarn to distinguish it.
1875 Indianapolis Jrnl. 25 Dec. 3/3 Like the King's yarn in the British cable—a thread of bright intelligence and tender feeling runs through this [iron-bound, inflexible] nature and makes it high and sweet.
a1891 H. Melville Billy Budd (1962) vii. 63 Don't you think there is a queer streak of the pedantic running through him? Yes, like the King's yarn in a coil of navy-rope?
1951 Amer. Q. Summer 104 Like the King's yarn, that colored strand woven through cordage to denote it as the property of the crown, constant learned allusion threads its way through the fabric of Melville's tale.
king's yellow n. and adj. [compare German Königsgelb (1758 or earlier)] (a) n. arsenic trisulphide used as a dye or artist's pigment (now chiefly historical); cf. orpiment n. 1, yellow arsenic n. 1 (b) adj. of the colour of king's yellow (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments
yelloweOE
motey1353
arsenica1393
orpimentc1395
auripigmenta1398
ochre1440
pink1464
massicot1472
yellow ochre1482
orpine1548
painter's gold1591
spruce1668
giallolino1728
king's yellow1738
Naples yellow1738
stil de grain1769
yellow earth1794
queen's yellow1806
chromate1819
chrome yellow1819
Oxford ochre1827
Indian yellow1831
Italian pink1835
Montpellier yellow1835
Turner1835
quercitron lake1837
jaune brillant1851
zinc chromate1851
zinc sulphide1851
brush-gold1861
zooxanthin1868
Oxford chrome1875
aureolin1879
cadmium yellow1879
Cassel yellow1882
Neapolitan yellow1891
zinc chrome1892
Mars1899
jaune jonquille1910
1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory ii. 37 Take fine King's Yellow, neal it in a Crucible, one part Yellow, and three parts Flux.
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 414 King's Yellow is a pure orpiment, or arsenic, coloured with sulphur.
1874 J. G. Wood Insects Abroad 152 The elytra are smooth and of a ‘king's yellow’ colour.
1933 San Antonio (Texas) Sunday Light 20 Aug. vii. 1/5 White lead can be mixed with all pigments that do not contain sulphur, but it should not be tinted or mixed with sulphides, such as cadmium, king's yellow, ultramarine blue or green.
1942 Life 2 Nov. 122 (advt.) Here's Betty Rice following that advice..complete with king's yellow evening dress.
2005 M. McCann Artist Beware (ed. 3) xii. 279 King's yellow (arsenic trisulfide), and iodine scarlet (mercuric sulfide)—are no longer used.
c. In names of plants.king's consound: see consound n. king's ellwand: see Compounds 5b.
† king's bloom n. Obsolete rare a peony.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > buttercup and allied flowers > peonies
peonyOE
blessed rose1563
king's bloom1598
chesses1657
pyeenock1911
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Peonia, the hearbe Peonie or Kings bloom.
1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. 213 Rósa montés, or Rosa de mónte, Pionie, hill Rose, or Kings bloome.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Peone, Peonie, Kings-bloome, Rose of the Mount.
king's clover n. now historical a melilot, esp. yellow melilot, Melilotus officinalis.
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1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 1034 (caption) Melilotus coronata. Kings Clauer.
1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 720 In English wee call it generally Kings Claver as the chiefest of all other three leafed grasses, generally called Clavers or Claver grasses, and Melilot after the Latine name to be the more easily understood.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 646 Melilot Trefoil. Common Melilot. King's Claver.
1899 Churchman 8 July 26/3 This last variety was called ‘king's clover’, in England.
1993 D. Bellamy Blooming Bellamy vi. 157 It [sc. wild lote] is also known as King's Clover, perhaps because it took over the farms of the Tudor peasantry.
king's crown n. [in sense (a) after post-classical Latin corona regia (from 14th cent. in British sources)] (a) melilot (cf. king's clover n.) (obsolete); (b) the guelder rose, Viburnum opulus (obsolete rare); (c) (chiefly U.S.) any of several roseroot stonecrops, esp. Sedum roseum and Sedum integrifolium.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > melilot
hart-cloverc1000
melilotOE
melion?1440
king's crown1526
hart's clover1548
king's clover1548
lote1548
wild lotus1548
hart's-trefoil1640
heartwort1640
whittle-grass1825
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > viburnums or guelder rose and allies > [noun]
bendwithc1440
opier1548
opulus1548
ople1551
dwarf plane tree1578
water elder1578
whitten1578
guelder rose1597
rose elder1597
wayfaring man's tree1597
wayfaring tree1597
opiet1601
cotton tree1633
viorne1637
mealy tree1640
laurustinus1664
stinking tree1681
black haw1688
laurel-thyme1693
laurustine1693
viburnum1731
wayfaring shrub1731
May rose1753
pembina1760
snowball tree1760
mealtree1785
stink-tree1795
cherry-wood1821
snowball1828
sloe1846
withe-rod1846
lithy-tree1866
nannyberry1867
king's crown1879
stag bush1884
snowball bush1931
1526 Grete Herball cclxviii. sig. Piii/2 It bereth a floure lyke halfe a cercle and therfore it is called kynges crowne.
1879 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names King's Crown,..Viburnum Opulus.
1914 F. E. Clements & E. S. Clements Rocky Mountain Wild Flowers 189 Rhodiola Linné 1753. King's Crown.
2006 P. D. Irwin Colorado's Best Wildflower Hikes III. viii. 59 The crevices of the gorge support wildflower species such as king's crown.
† king's feather n. Obsolete rare the saxifrage London pride ( Saxifraga × urbium); cf. prince's feather n. 1.
ΚΠ
1832 London Med. Gaz. 9 June 314 Muriatic acid gas..immediately curled and contracted the leaves of a king's-feather, which were green, hardy, and growing.
king's flower n. rare a pineapple flower (or pineapple lily) (genus Eucomis); esp. Eucomis regia, which has prostrate leaves and greenish-white flowers.
ΚΠ
1870 A. di San Giorgio Catalogo Poliglotto delle Piante 194 Eucomis regia..Eng. King's Flower.
1993 A. de Hertogh & M. Le Nard Physiol. Flower Bulbs xxxviii. 752/2 Common names for Eucomis are: Ananas Plant, King's Flower, Pineapple Flower.., and Pineapple Lily.
† king's-knob n. Obsolete rare any of the common buttercups Ranunculus acris, R. bulbosus, and R. repens; cf. king-cob n. at Compounds 4d, kingcup n.
ΚΠ
1708 Culpeper's Eng. Physician Enlarged (new ed.) 106 Many are the Names this furious biting Herb hath obtained..for it is called..Crow-foot, Gold knobs, Gold-cups, Kings-knob [1652 King Kob; 1676 King Knob].
king's spear n. [after classical Latin hastula rēgia asphodel (Pliny)] any of various asphodels; esp. yellow asphodel, Asphodeline lutea.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > asphodels
affodill1440
daffodilly1538
daffodil1548
asphodel1597
king's spear1597
onion asphodel1597
knavery1640
frodils1674
Scotch asphodel1771
ten o'clock1826
bog asphodel1881
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 88 The leaues of the Kings speare are long, narrow, and chamfered or furrowed.
a1637 B. Jonson Pans Anniv. 36 in Wks. (1640) III Bright Crowne-imperiall, Kings-speare, Holy-hocks.
1807 ‘A. McDonald’ Compl. Dict. Pract. Gardening Asphodelus, a genus containing plants of the herbaceous perennial and annual flowery kinds, having fleshy fibrous roots. The King's Spear.
2010 T. Fischer Gardener's Color Palette 60 With its tall flower stalks and grassy, fountain-like foliage, king's spear is a prime candidate for a meadow-type planting.
† king's taper n. [after German Königskerze (15th cent.); compare post-classical Latin candela regia (1553 or earlier)] Obsolete rare great mullein, Verbascum thapsus; cf. high-taper n., hag taper n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > mullein
feltwortc1000
verbascumOE
Thapsusa1400
mullein?a1425
hag taper1526
high-taper1526
tapsebarbe1526
lungwort1538
torch1552
moth mullein1578
wolleyn1578
woollen1578
hedge-taper1579
wool-blade1585
bullock's lungwort1597
candlewick mullein1597
mullet1597
torch-herb1598
taperwort1601
torchwort1647
Jupiter's staff1664
cow's lungwort1777
shepherd's club1790
woollens1800
flannel-leaf1821
Adam's flannel1828
flannel-plant1849
king's taper1858
torch-blade1861
velvet-dock1863
Jacob's staff1879
shepherd's staff1882
wool-plant1883
shepherd's gourd1896
1858 C. C. Wilkinson Weeds & Wild Flowers 60 To this use botanical works generally attribute the origin of the names torch-blade, or torch-mullein, and even the German high-taper (osterkerze), heaven's brand (himmel-brand) and king's-taper (königskerze).
1861 P. Lankester Wild Flowers 102 Great Mullein..The common name, ‘Torchblade’, or ‘King's taper’, may have arisen from its candle-like appearance.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

kingv.

Brit. /kɪŋ/, U.S. /kɪŋ/
Forms: see king n.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: king n.
Etymology: < king n. Compare earlier lord v.In sense 4 after king hit n. at king n. Compounds 4a; compare slightly earlier king-hit vb. at king n. Compounds 4a.
1.
†a. intransitive. To act as a king. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
?c1425 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Royal 17 D.vi) (1860) 119 Out of pitee growethe mercy and springethe,..What prynce hem lakkethe, not aright he kyngethe.
1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother iv. i. 1677 You King rarely! You mean to be renown'd for early Justice.
b. transitive with it. To act as or be a king; to behave as if one is a king; to rule, govern, hold power. Occasionally with over.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > sole rule > rule as monarch [verb (intransitive)] > as king
king?1576
?1576 A. Hall Let. touchyng Priuate Quarell sig. Fv A King cannot King it, without people, nor Lordes Lord it without Tenauntes.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 84 The Lord Deputy Kings it notably in Ireland.
1722 W. Bond tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. (ed. 2) I. x. 452 He was a noted Robber,..excited by the Impunity of the former Times; so that he (as we say) king'd it a long time.
1814 Satirist; or, Monthly Meteor Feb. 95 Here I kinged it a good while, but at length..I was driven from my government.
1883 E. F. Knight Cruise of ‘Falcon’ I. xv. 266 Some sacred Bull of Memphis, kinging it in his manger.
1921 E. Ferber Girls i. 16 ‘Long John’ Wentworth was kinging it in Congress.
1942 E. Bowen Bowen's Court vi. 127 Those two, son and mother who hardly met in life, continue..to king and queen it over the house.
2015 Sunday Times (Nexis) 8 Mar. 20 Lear has no right to decide that he's tired of kinging it, and once he gives up his realm, he loses everything.
2. transitive. To make (a person) a king. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > appoint as king
king1597
beking1831
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. v. 36 Then crushing penurie Perswades me I was better when a king, Then am I kingd [1623 king'd] againe. View more context for this quotation
1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 24 It un-king'd him, and King'd his un-kingers in point of Power.
a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) XI. 51 Those traiterous captains of Israel, who kinged themselves by slaying their masters.
1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons III. viii. viii. 88 The recreant whom I Kinged.
1889 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 13 99 The king at once knighted him, so to speak, or really kinged him, making him ‘king of Anga’ on the spot.
1901 H. Whitney Rose of Dawn 3 Desirous eyes kinged him with envy's crown.
1913 D. C. Nimmo Civic Songs 13 Life and Time the sought king-commoner crowned And kinged the man who was his throne and tower.
1996 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 22 July 11 He [sc. Robert the Bruce] had no stone, yet no-one ever suggested that he was inadequately kinged.
†3. transitive. To rule over or govern in the manner of a king. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > sole rule > rule over as monarch [verb (transitive)] > rule over as king
king1600
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V ii. iv. 26 She [sc. England] is so idely kingd [1623 king'd], Her scepter so fantastically borne.
1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 9 Why madst Thou not one spirit like the sun To king the world?
4. transitive. Australian slang. To punch (a person) hard; to knock (a person) out; to deliver a king hit to. Cf. king hit n. (a) at king n. Compounds 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > strike out with a blow
latcha1225
slentc1380
to hit out1393
squat?1553
slat1577
to knock outa1616
king1916
1916 National Advocate (Bathurst, Austral.) 5 June He heard a quarrel. Someone made a remark about ‘kinging’ a man.
1952 Argus (Melbourne) 18 Jan. (Mag.) 4/2 He kinged me! Me own mate, and he kinged me!
1962 A. Marshall This is Grass 144 If a bloke comes at you buttoning up his coat you always king him when he's on the last button. It's just common sense.
2010 Herald Sun (Austral.) (Nexis) 10 June (Sport section) 91 Sporny ‘kinged’ me from behind.

Phrases

† king me no kings: do not talk to me of kings; do not mention kings to me (cf. but v.). Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. A3v Rod. The deare friend of Lewes the French King. Burb. King me no Kings.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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