kindlingn.1
/ˈkɪndlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɪn(d)lɪŋ/ 1. † a. A brood or litter (now esp. of rabbits). Obsolete.In quot. 1324 applied figuratively to a person's descendants (collectively); cf. figurative use at sense 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young > born at same time
teamOE
litter1486
brodmella1522
breed1574
kindling1865
1324 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 168 Iche Edward Kynge Have yeoven of my forest the keping..To Randolph Peperking ant to his kyndlyng.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 5671 Swich is þis addres kyndlyng.
1865 T. E. Fuller Boy's Holiday Bk. 226 Many breeders will not allow a doe to suckle more than five or six.., distributing a large kindling among other does.
b. One of a brood or litter; a young animal. Also figurative (derogatory): a person regarded as the offspring of some stock, idea, etc. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young > born at same time > one of
kindling1440
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 275 Kynlynge [?a1475 Winch. kyndelyng], yonge beeste, fetus.
c1475 (a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 315 Crist & baptist reproueden men for here synne & clepeden hem kyndlyngis of eddris.
c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Luke iii. 7 Kindlingis of eddris.
1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 118 (note) The auld Serpent, and his poysonit Kenling Juliane the Apostate.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vii. 134 A Coney, Kindleth a Litter, or Nest of Rabbets, or Kindlings.
1750 J. S. Gardiner Art & Pleasures of Hare-hunting iv. 35 The three Leverets..were the most in Number I ever saw, that in Appearance were the same Kindlings.
2010 J. R. Gillespie Mod. Livestock (ed. 6) xlvii. 971 If the doe fails to pull enough fur to cover the litter (or kindlings) on the hutch floor, warm the litter.
2. The action of giving birth to young, esp. (of an animal) in a single litter. Chiefly with reference to rabbits. Cf. kindle v.2 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > [noun] > childbirth or delivery
teamOE
childinga1275
birtha1325
childc1330
deliverancea1375
childbearinga1400
kindlinga1400
birth-bearingc1426
forthbringing1429
childbirth?a1450
parturitya1450
bearinga1500
delivery1548
parture1588
infantment1597
puerpery1602
exclusion1646
parturition1646
venter1657
outbirth1691
clecking1815
parturience1822
birthing1928
natural childbirth1933
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14389 (MED) His gode werkes ai to þaim war O soru bot kindling and care [a1400 Trin. Cambr. But sorwe & kyndelyng of care].
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 275 Kenlynge [1499 Pynson kyndlinge, a1500 King's Cambr. kindeling], or forthe bryngyng of yonge beestys, fetura.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. 101 Againe they increase oftner, and bring forth moe Rabbets at one kindling then any wilde Cony doth.
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. ix. 233 Child-birth..farrowing, kindling.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Rabbit The Tame [Coneys] at one Kindling, bringing forth more than the Wild do.
1799 J. Trusler Pract. Husbandry (ed. 4) 101 Rabbits..take a buck a day or two after kindling.
1816 ‘B. Moubray’ Pract. Treat. Domest. Poultry (ed. 2) 212 Some days before parturition, or kindling, hay is to be given to the doe.
1865 T. E. Fuller Boy's Holiday Bk. 226 They are much more likely to produce fine healthy rabbits if they are restricted to five or six kindlings yearly.
1934 Rabbit Production (U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 1730) 29 This abnormal appetite is sometimes due to feverishness caused by constipation following kindling.
1997 M. Suckow & F. Douglas Lab. Rabbit 10 Kindling (birth) normally occurs during the morning and takes approximately 30 to 60 minutes.
2005 Bk. Abstr. 56th. Ann. Meeting European Assoc. Animal Production 80 After their third kindling, 33 females..were superovulated and slaughtered 72 hours after the insemination.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
kindlingn.2
/ˈkɪndlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɪn(d)lɪŋ/ 1. The action of kindle v.1 (in various senses); an instance of this.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 14389 His gode werkes ai to þaim ware Bot soru and kindling of care.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 275 Kynlynge, as fyyr, and oþer lyke, accensio, succensio.
c1440 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 296 (MED) It heuyes a clene herte ay till it be brente oute and..with the kyndillynge of lufe clensede and hyghtenede.
1551 J. Bale Actes Eng. Votaryes: 2nd Pt. f. lxiiij That the publycacyon..of that vyce, gaue kyndelynges to the same in the hartes of ydel persones.
1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. sig. M3v After the kindling of many precursory lights of knowledge.
1693 J. Kettlewell Compan. for Persecuted 66 To warm our selves at imaginary Fires..of our own kindling.
1724 P. Walker Some Remarkable Passages Life A. Peden 93 The kindling of a Fire of Division..is not so much to be wondered at.
1774 M. Brook Necessity Silent Waiting 9 A strange Fire of Man's kindling.
1838 N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 425 The kindling of bonfires in gardens.
1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos v. 60 There are no kindlings of soul as once there were.
1969 National Herald (New Delhi) 29 July 10/3 The kindling of the Maccabiah flame was followed by the release of hundreds of doves.
1989 G. Steiner Real Presences i. iv. 19 There are kindlings of discursive revelation in Plato, in Kierkegaard, in Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and Adorno.
2000 K. B. Westerfield Tucker in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 184/2 Participants pass from darkness to light aided by the kindling of a new fire.
2. Originally Scottish. Flammable material (typically small pieces of wood or paper) used in lighting a fire. In North American usage occasionally in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > material for igniting > [noun] > touch-wood-paper
tindera700
tache1393
toucha1500
kindlinga1522
touchwood1575
spunk1582
matchwood1597
lint1612
funk1673
firelighter1771
saltpetre paper1832
match-paper1883
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) ix. ii. 89 Eftir the fyre and kyndillyng dyd he cry.
a1568 Wyf of Auchterm. (Bannatyne MS.) 89 Than he beur kendling to the kill.
a1658 J. Durham Law Unsealed (1676) 271 We having the kindling within, the Devil cometh but to blow on it.
1765 C. Varlo Treat. Agric. 69 There must be put some sort of kindling under to set it on fire, such as straw or sticks.
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. 308 If I had got a spunk o' kennelling on't, it a' wad hae become my ain.
1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People ix. 71 Backlog and forestick were soon piled and kindlings laid.
1913 J. Muir Story my Boyhood 140 I had only to place a teaspoon of powdered chorate of potash and sugar on the stove-hearth near a few shavings and kindling.
1986 F. Peretti This Present Darkness ii. 23 Somebody had wetted down all the kindling.
2009 U. McGovern & P. Jenner Lost Lore 164 Place the kindling in two layers, with the sticks in the second layer criss-crossing those in the first.
3. Medicine. In experimental models of epilepsy: the process of producing seizures by repeated electrical stimulation of an area of the brain, or by repeated administration of chemical agents; the development of seizures following such treatment. Frequently attributive.
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1969 G. V. Goddard et al. in Exper. Neurol. 25 296 The progressive changes that result from repeated electrical stimulation will be referred to as the ‘kindling effect’.
1969 G. V. Goddard et al. in Exper. Neurol. 25 304 The results to be presented here were based on 24 rats with electrodes in various parts of the brain which, after kindling, were permitted to rest for 12 weeks without stimulation.
1991 Sci. Amer. Mar. 76/1 Carbamazepine..is an anticonvulsant that has been shown in animals to prevent ‘kindling’—the development of seizures that can result from repeated cocaine use.
2003 Greyhound Star Aug. 12/3 This helps explain the reason for ‘kindling’, a term to describe smaller localised seizures that eventually combine to produce a more widespread and general seizure if the excitement and stimulation continues.
2010 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 15232/2 In addition, Gal-B2 is active in the Frings audiogenic seizure-susceptible mouse and in the corneal kindling model of partial epilepsy.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
ΚΠ
1559 in J. Raine Wills & Inventories Archdeaconry Richmond (1853) 134 One pare of tongs,..ij. kenling irons, one standing one lying.
1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 334 Stubble, stalkes, and strawe, and other kindling matter to burne.
1624 E. Bolton Nero Caesar 229 Packt vp within papers, stifned in molten waxe, and other kindling stuffe.
1797 F. M. Eden State of Poor I. 552 Kindling balls, which Count Rumford recommends.
1813 W. Scott Rokeby i. 10 From his brows the casque he drew.., From gloves of mail relieved his hands, And spread them to the kindling brands.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 946/2 Gas-bellows, a kindling device consisting of a hollow poker attached by a flexible tube with the gas-pipe.
1906 Classical Jrnl. 1 50 Achates seems in reality to snatch the flame that burst out in the bundle of kindling matter.
1996 M. Parent Kings & Fools 131 One dwarf carried a bundle of kindling branches on his shoulders.
2015 Plymouth Herald (Nexis) 7 Jan. 18 Inspiration and imagination are the kindling sticks to ignite a good story.
C2. † kindling coal n. Obsolete a piece of burning coal left banked (banked adj.1 2b) overnight in order to start the fire in the morning.In early use frequently in figurative context. In some examples perhaps in more general sense ‘a piece of coal coming into flame’.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > coal or types of coal > [noun] > specifically live or glowing in a fire
coaleOE
gleedc950
fire coala1398
coal branda1425
kindling coal1592
coffin1797
gathering-coal1808
coffin-spark1821
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a live coal
coaleOE
gleedc950
fire coala1398
kindling coal1592
1592 N. Breton Pilgrimage to Paradise D ij Thou kindling cole of an infernall fire, Die in the ashes, of thy dead desire.
1609 J. Davies Holy Roode sig. C4v Now, thinke thou see'st..This kindling Cole of flaming Charitie, Disposted all in post.
1802 Repertory Arts & Manuf. 16 377 It may come in contact with the smoke from the kindling coal and great heat from the furnace.
1881 Little Folks July 20 Kindling coals more fiercely burned.
kindling wood n. short pieces of dry split wood suitable for lighting fires; (also figurative) small pieces of wood.In kindling-wood machine: an apparatus for splitting such wood.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > fuel > wood as fuel > [noun] > kindling
hostry faggot1594
chat1670
fire faggota1722
hostry-wood1738
kindling wood1783
kindler1791
fire kindling1849
crack1851
split1858
1783 G. W. Lemon Eng. Etymol. at Brush-wood Small fagots of underwood; which..easily kindle; kindling-wood.
1850 H. T. Cheever Whale & his Captors vi. 103 The first whale..knocked them [sc. boats] into kindling wood.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1228/2 Kindling-wood Machine, an apparatus for splitting the short wood used for kindling coal fires, etc.
1922 Pop. Mech. Oct. 495 The heavy steel cars virtually made kindling wood of the antiquated coaches.
1965 L. Murray Coll. Poems (1991) 4 I'll go outside and split off kindling wood From the yellow-box log.
2002 Sunday Times 2 June (Nexis) Build a crisscross of short lengths of kindling wood and dry sticks over twisted strips of newspaper or fire lighters.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
kindlingadj.
/ˈkɪndlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈkɪn(d)lɪŋ/ That kindles a person or thing; arousing, inspiring, inciting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [adjective] > going on fire
kindling?c1475
catching1626
ignescent1828
?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 69v Kyndylling, incendens, incentiuus.
1579 J. Harmar tr. J. Calvin Serm. X. Commandementes iii. f. 19v You shall for euer feele his wrath, as a kindling fire.
1613 T. Myriell Christs Suite to his Church 83 I am not ignorant that lust is sometime compared to water, but that is not a cooling but a kindling water.
1676 N. Lee Sophonisba i. i. 9 My Spirits shoot, and dart, and mount up higher, Like sparks that scatter from a kindling fire.
1728 J. Thomson Spring 12 Imagination..Beholds the kindling Country colour round.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ii. 113 A kindling rumour..Impelled them.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab vi. 74 A kindling gleam of hope Suffused the Spirit's lineaments.
1855 Harper's Mag. July 146/1 The kindling flame of revolution at Lexington, and the thunder-peal from Bunker's Hill..were signals for rapine.
1902 Scribner's Mag. June 755/1 Men forgot..the kindling touch of warm hands.
1975 J. L. Anderson Night of Silent Drums i. ii. 5 In the dawn's kindling red gleam the Mester's square, ruddy face was reflected.
2015 H. Kandil Inside the Brotherhood 10 Those nominated to join the Brotherhood are typically young men and women with a kindling passion and a humble knowledge of history.
Derivatives
ˈkindlingly adv. now rare in a kindling manner.
ΚΠ
1833 E. S. Wortley Poems 78 Thus linked with loftiest feelings of the soul, Those memories kindlingly and proudly roll!
1885 G. Meredith Diana of Crossways III. viii. 137 Man's nuptial half is kindlingly concerned in the launch of a new couple.
1982 Hist. Today July 23/2 British sensibilities become kindlingly alive to the beauties of new scenery.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.11324n.2a1400
adj.?c1475