Kremlinn.
/ˈkrɛmlɪn/, U.S. /ˈkrɛmlən/ a. The citadel or fortifed enclosure within a Russian town or city; esp. that of Moscow, which contains the imperial palace and various public buildings.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] > citadel
CapitoliumeOE
rockc1384
Capitola1387
citadel1542
acropolis1570
Kremlin1662
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 57 The Great Duke's Palace, called Cremelena, and which is of greater extent than many other ordinary Cities.
1698 tr. A. Brand Jrnl. Embassy from Muscovy 5 The Castle, called Cremelina, where the Czars of Muscovy keep their ordinary Residence.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 91 It stands in the Kremelin, one of the interior circles of the city.
1833 R. Pinkerton Russia 227 The inhabitants of Moscow being assembled in the Kremlin.
1839 E. D. Clarke Trav. Var. Countries (new ed.) 38/1 The Kremle is derived from the Tartar word krim, or krem, which signifies a fortress.
1888 Cent. Mag. May 10 (note) A Kremlin, or to use the Russian form of the word, a ‘Kremle’, is merely a walled inclosure with towers at the corners, situated in a commanding position near the center of a city.
1943 Sun (Baltimore) 28 Sept. 12/2 Moscow itself has taken pains to assure us that Mr. Browder has no direct pipeline into the secret councils of the Kremlin.
1961 Philadelphia Evening Bull. 5 Mar. The Kremlin is the only world capital powerfully arrayed against crossing the new frontier.
b. The Kremlin (in Moscow): (used for) the government of the U.S.S.R. (historical); (now) the government of Russia. Also transferred (in trivial use).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the government of Russia
Moscow1920
Soviet1920
The Kremlin1933
1933 H. G. Wells Shape of Things to Come ii. §9. 211 The Kremlin was content to consolidate the kindred Slav Soviets.
1966 H. Sheppard Dict. Railway Slang (ed. 2) 7 Kremlin, British Rail Headquarters.
1966 Guardian 11 Nov. 13/3 The new direct communication link between the Elysée Palace and the Kremlin.
1973 Times 19 Feb. 18/7 People who referred to their head offices as ‘the Kremlin’..were somehow lacking in motivation.
1974 Times 10 Apr. 18/2 Kremlin-watchers study the pages of Pravda for the slight shift in nuance.
Derivatives
Kremliˈnology n. the study and analysis of the Soviet Government, and subsequently the Russian government, and their policies.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the government of Russia > study of
Kremlinology1958
1958 Oxf. Mag. 13 Feb. 289/1 For all his interest in Kremlinology..the author is not really very good at it.
1961 Spectator 2 June 806 Exaggerated claims on behalf of this method by some of its practitioners..who..equate Kremlinology with Soviet studies as a whole.
1971 Times 22 Jan. 8/8 Kremlinology gone wild.
Kremlinoˈlogical adj.
ΚΠ
1961 Spectator 2 June 806 The approach commonly nicknamed ‘Kremlinological’.
1968 Guardian 2 Apr. 11/5 The ‘Kremlinological’ expertise which enabled the White House to play the Kremlin power game.
Kremliˈnologist n. such an analyst; also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > the government of Russia > study of > one who studies
Kremlinologist1960
1960 Daily Tel. 7 Dec. 12/2 Kremlinologists, versed in the mysteries of Marx and Lenin, Mao Tse-tung and Mr Khruschev, tell us that the signs are that Mr Khruschev has won yet another battle, at least on points.
1970 Guardian 1 Oct. 15/4 The question now teasing Labour Kremlinologists is how long Denis [Healey] will be satisfied to remain a mere member of the NEC.
1972 A. Ulam Fall of Amer. Univ. i. 35 The budding Kremlinologists were put in their place, which often and quite properly turned out to be the C.I.A.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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