klippen.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 333/2 These [structures], called Klippen, are abrupt pyramidal masses, the beds in the upper part being not only older than those in the lower, but also ‘contorted, fractured, crushed, and mixed up’, while the newer are comparatively undisturbed.

1912 Smithsonian Misc. Coll. LVI. No. 31. 12 It is well known that some of these isolated masses, those of the Klippes, are ‘exotic’; that is to say, no strata of the same facies have ever been found in place.

1914 G. A. J. Cole Growth of Europe ix. 164 The outlying remnants of overthrust folds or sheets, since they stand up as cliffy masses on the back of more regular ground, have been styled Klippen, from ‘Klippe’, a cliff. Since a technical term is required, we may call these klips, meaning outlying portions of a fold or of an overthrust layer, resting on rocks which are not those on which they were originally laid down. Klips are thus strangers in the district where they now occur.

1914 G. A. J. Cole Growth of Europe ix. 168 An example of klip-structure that is by this time classical is seen in the Klein and Gross Mythen above Schwyz.

1942 O. D. von Engeln Geomorphol. xv. 332 Klippen are peculiar in that, unlike the outliers which persist beyond the main front of a weathering escarpment, and which have younger beds capping older strata, they have older beds over younger beds.

1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. x. 273 Chief Mountain, Montana, is a well-known example of a klippe, in which an isolated mass of Pre-Cambrian rock rests upon Cretaceous beds.

1969 M. G. Rutten Geol. W. Europe xi. 239 Further southwest, these isolated klippen..merge into a continuous nappe.