Keysn.

Brit.

/kiːz/, U.S.

/kiz/

Forms: late Middle English– Keys, 1500s–1700s Keyes.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: key n.¹

Etymology: Apparently < the plural of key n.¹, although the reason for the name is unclear; perhaps compare key n.¹ 3b or key n.¹ 5 (with reference to interpreting the law). For other suggested etymologies see note below. The fact that the word was identified as the plural of key n.¹ at the date of the earliest attestations is confirmed by the use of post-classical Latin claves as an equivalent:1418 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 2 Hæc Indentura facta inter Thurstanum de Tyldesley [etc.] ex unâ parte, et..xxiiij. Claves Mann. ex altera, Testatur qd. predicti xxiiij. Claves legis cum judice Mann. dicunt, [etc.]. History of the title. The name of the parliamentary body in Manx is Yn Kiare as Feed , lit. ‘the four-and-twenty.’ The Keys are also sometimes referred to as the ‘the Twenty-four’ in English contexts; compare the following early examples:1419 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 6 (modernized text) Jenkin Moore and John Christiane, Deemsters, by the Advice and Councell of xxiiij of the Land..have given for Law these Points following.1422 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 8 (modernized text) Sir John Stanley, King of Man and the Isles..asked his Deemsters and the xxiiij the Laws of Mann in these Points under written. To the which the said Deemsters, with the xxiiij gave for Law, that these be Points of your Prerogatives. Until the 18th cent. the title in the Statutes was usually ‘The Twenty-four Keys’; after this simply ‘The Keys’. Singular use of Key to denote a single member of this body is only found very occasionally. Other suggested etymologies. It has been suggested that English Keys was based on a mishearing of Manx Kiare as (in Kiare as Feed : see above), or that it is derived < Welsh cais sergeant of the peace (1335 as keys in a Latin context). Either of these explanations is possible (and the first seems the more likely), but in neither case is there is any historical evidence to either confirm or refute the explanation. A further suggestion, deriving the word < a form of an early Scandinavian verb corresponding to Old Icelandic kjósa choose v., is unlikely on phonological grounds.

With the and plural agreement. A body of twenty-four members, now directly elected, which forms the lower house of Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man; the members that form this house. Also more fully the Twenty-four Keys (esp. in early use; see note in etymology).Frequently with the implication that Key is the term for an individual member of the house, but the singular form is rarely used.Quots. 1422¹, 1422², 1585, 1594, 1610, and 1739 are all drawn from the same secondary source, J. F. Gill's Statutes of the Isle of Man (1883), as are quots. 1419 and 1422 in the etymology section. It is evident that the fifteenth-century passages all show modernized text, and it is possible that there is some degree of modernization also in the later quotations, but it has been impossible to verify this in the original documents cited.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > upper or lower house in Isle of Man

Keys1422

Tynwald1610

House of Keys1775

1422 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 11 (modernized text) Alsoe we give for Law, that there was never xxiiij Keys in Certainty, since they were first that were called Taxiaxi, those were xxiiij free Houlders... Without the Lord's Will, none of the 24 Keys to be.

1422 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 18 (modernized text) If any like Cause come another Time, it may be found of Record..by the Deemsters and 24 Keyes.

1585 Earl of Derby in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 59 To..impart your Proceedings to the 24 Keyes of that my Isle.

1594 R. Stanley Articles of Doubt in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 67 The two Deemsters and 24 Keys of this Isle.

1610 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 70 Att an Assembly of the Lieutenant and other the Officers, with the 24 called the Keyes, of the Land.

1656 J. Chaloner Short Treat. Isle of Man iv. 16 in D. King Vale-royall Eng. The said Governour and Officers do usually call the 24 Keyes of the Island..to the Tinewald Court there.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) In the Isle of Man, the twenty four chief Commoners, being as it were the Keepers of the Liberties of the People, are call'd The Keys of the Island.

1739 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 239 By and with the Advice and Consent of the Governor, Councel, Deemster, and Keyes, in this present Tynwald Court assembled.

1805 Duke of Rutland Tour N. & S. Wales 261 The 24 Keys were the representatives of the country, and served as the grand inquest of the isle, or a house of commons.

1845 J. Train Hist. & Statist. Acct. Isle of Man II. xix. 197 When a vacancy occurs,..the keys meet and elect two persons to be proposed to the governor... The choice fixes the member for life.

1887 Dict. National Biogr. X. 281/2 The Earl of Derby commanded that seven of the Keys who had been concerned in the rising of 1651 should be dismissed.

1904 Motor 29 Mar. 216/1 The Keys—24 in number of members—are popularly elected, Manx women enjoying the franchise as well as men.

2001 T. Kneale Isle of Man (2007) i. 10 Also present are the Lord Bishop, the two deemsters.., the Legislative Council.., members of the Keys, and clergy and captains of parishes.

Phrases

House of Keys n. (with the) the lower house of the legislature of the Isle of Man.

ΘΚΠ

Keys1422

Tynwald1610

House of Keys1775

1775 Scots Mag. Nov. 633/2 From the house of Keys, representing the Isle of Man, dated, Castletown, Oct. 23.

a1829 H. Crow Mem. (1830) 174 I had the honour to be proposed and appointed a member of the House of Keys, in the Isle of Man.

1845 J. Train Hist. & Statist. Acct. Isle of Man II. xix. 197 The members of the house of keys have been elected in a very peculiar manner.

1910 Public 29 July 711/1 In the Isle of Man, where women have the vote for the House of Keys, they vote as largely as the men.

1957 W. J. M. Mackenzie & J. W. Grove Central Admin. Brit. xvi. 278 The House of Keys of the Isle of Man claims to be one of the oldest legislative assemblies in the world.

2010 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 5 May 8 He now intends to stand for the House of Keys, in the Douglas East by-election in May.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	keys
释义	Keysn. Brit. /kiːz/, U.S. /kiz/ Forms: late Middle English– Keys, 1500s–1700s Keyes. Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: key n.¹ Etymology: Apparently < the plural of key n.¹, although the reason for the name is unclear; perhaps compare key n.¹ 3b or key n.¹ 5 (with reference to interpreting the law). For other suggested etymologies see note below. The fact that the word was identified as the plural of key n.¹ at the date of the earliest attestations is confirmed by the use of post-classical Latin claves as an equivalent:1418 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 2 Hæc Indentura facta inter Thurstanum de Tyldesley [etc.] ex unâ parte, et..xxiiij. Claves Mann. ex altera, Testatur qd. predicti xxiiij. Claves legis cum judice Mann. dicunt, [etc.]. History of the title. The name of the parliamentary body in Manx is Yn Kiare as Feed , lit. ‘the four-and-twenty.’ The Keys are also sometimes referred to as the ‘the Twenty-four’ in English contexts; compare the following early examples:1419 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 6 (modernized text) Jenkin Moore and John Christiane, Deemsters, by the Advice and Councell of xxiiij of the Land..have given for Law these Points following.1422 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 8 (modernized text) Sir John Stanley, King of Man and the Isles..asked his Deemsters and the xxiiij the Laws of Mann in these Points under written. To the which the said Deemsters, with the xxiiij gave for Law, that these be Points of your Prerogatives. Until the 18th cent. the title in the Statutes was usually ‘The Twenty-four Keys’; after this simply ‘The Keys’. Singular use of Key to denote a single member of this body is only found very occasionally. Other suggested etymologies. It has been suggested that English Keys was based on a mishearing of Manx Kiare as (in Kiare as Feed : see above), or that it is derived < Welsh cais sergeant of the peace (1335 as keys in a Latin context). Either of these explanations is possible (and the first seems the more likely), but in neither case is there is any historical evidence to either confirm or refute the explanation. A further suggestion, deriving the word < a form of an early Scandinavian verb corresponding to Old Icelandic kjósa choose v., is unlikely on phonological grounds. With the and plural agreement. A body of twenty-four members, now directly elected, which forms the lower house of Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man; the members that form this house. Also more fully the Twenty-four Keys (esp. in early use; see note in etymology).Frequently with the implication that Key is the term for an individual member of the house, but the singular form is rarely used.Quots. 1422¹, 1422², 1585, 1594, 1610, and 1739 are all drawn from the same secondary source, J. F. Gill's Statutes of the Isle of Man (1883), as are quots. 1419 and 1422 in the etymology section. It is evident that the fifteenth-century passages all show modernized text, and it is possible that there is some degree of modernization also in the later quotations, but it has been impossible to verify this in the original documents cited. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > upper or lower house in Isle of Man Keys1422 Tynwald1610 House of Keys1775 1422 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 11 (modernized text) Alsoe we give for Law, that there was never xxiiij Keys in Certainty, since they were first that were called Taxiaxi, those were xxiiij free Houlders... Without the Lord's Will, none of the 24 Keys to be. 1422 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 18 (modernized text) If any like Cause come another Time, it may be found of Record..by the Deemsters and 24 Keyes. 1585 Earl of Derby in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 59 To..impart your Proceedings to the 24 Keyes of that my Isle. 1594 R. Stanley Articles of Doubt in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 67 The two Deemsters and 24 Keys of this Isle. 1610 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 70 Att an Assembly of the Lieutenant and other the Officers, with the 24 called the Keyes, of the Land. 1656 J. Chaloner Short Treat. Isle of Man iv. 16 in D. King Vale-royall Eng. The said Governour and Officers do usually call the 24 Keyes of the Island..to the Tinewald Court there. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) In the Isle of Man, the twenty four chief Commoners, being as it were the Keepers of the Liberties of the People, are call'd The Keys of the Island. 1739 in J. F. Gill Statutes Isle of Man (1883) I. 239 By and with the Advice and Consent of the Governor, Councel, Deemster, and Keyes, in this present Tynwald Court assembled. 1805 Duke of Rutland Tour N. & S. Wales 261 The 24 Keys were the representatives of the country, and served as the grand inquest of the isle, or a house of commons. 1845 J. Train Hist. & Statist. Acct. Isle of Man II. xix. 197 When a vacancy occurs,..the keys meet and elect two persons to be proposed to the governor... The choice fixes the member for life. 1887 Dict. National Biogr. X. 281/2 The Earl of Derby commanded that seven of the Keys who had been concerned in the rising of 1651 should be dismissed. 1904 Motor 29 Mar. 216/1 The Keys—24 in number of members—are popularly elected, Manx women enjoying the franchise as well as men. 2001 T. Kneale Isle of Man (2007) i. 10 Also present are the Lord Bishop, the two deemsters.., the Legislative Council.., members of the Keys, and clergy and captains of parishes. Phrases House of Keys n. (with the) the lower house of the legislature of the Isle of Man. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > upper or lower house in Isle of Man Keys1422 Tynwald1610 House of Keys1775 1775 Scots Mag. Nov. 633/2 From the house of Keys, representing the Isle of Man, dated, Castletown, Oct. 23. a1829 H. Crow Mem. (1830) 174 I had the honour to be proposed and appointed a member of the House of Keys, in the Isle of Man. 1845 J. Train Hist. & Statist. Acct. Isle of Man II. xix. 197 The members of the house of keys have been elected in a very peculiar manner. 1910 Public 29 July 711/1 In the Isle of Man, where women have the vote for the House of Keys, they vote as largely as the men. 1957 W. J. M. Mackenzie & J. W. Grove Central Admin. Brit. xvi. 278 The House of Keys of the Isle of Man claims to be one of the oldest legislative assemblies in the world. 2010 Belfast Tel. (Nexis) 5 May 8 He now intends to stand for the House of Keys, in the Douglas East by-election in May. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1422
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