Jew's trumpn.

Brit.

/ˌdʒuːz ˈtrʌmp/, U.S.

/ˈdʒuz ˌtrəmp/

Forms:

α. late Middle English Jue trumpe, 1600s–1900s (English regional (northern) in later use) Jew trump.

β. 1500s Iues trounk.

γ. 1500s Jewes trump, 1500s–1600s Iewes trump, 1500s–1600s Iewes trumpe, 1600s Jewes trumpe, 1600s–1700s Jews trump, 1700s– Jew's trump, 1800s– Jews' trump.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Jew n., trump n.¹

Etymology: In α. forms < Jew n. + trump n.¹ In γ. forms partly < the genitive singular of Jew n. + trump n.¹, and partly < the genitive plural of Jew n. + trump n.¹ (See note on β. forms.) Compare Jew's harp n., which is now the usual name.In Scotland and the north of England the instrument is alternatively called simply trump n.¹ (compare sense 1b at that entry). Although this parallels the former French name †trompe (now superseded by guimbarde (1739 in this sense)), this French name of the instrument is first attested considerably later than in English (1680). The β. forms appear to show an alteration of the second element after trunk n.; N.E.D. (1901) adduced these forms to support a French origin, arguing that their second element probably reflected a mistranslation of Middle French, French trompe trunk of an elephant (1538 in this sense) as trunk n., but the much later attestation of the French noun in the sense of the small musical instrument makes this unlikely. The first element is evidently Jew n.; conjectures that the first element was an alteration of jaws , plural of jaw n.¹, or of French jeu game (see jeu de dames n.), lack any supporting evidence, and jaw harp n. is first attested several centuries later. However, the semantic motivation of the first element is unclear. The association of the instrument with Jewish people occurs, so far as is known, only in English. More or less satisfactory reasons may be conjectured, e.g. that the instrument was actually made, sold, or sent to England by Jewish people, or supposed to be so; or that it was attributed to Jewish people, as suggesting the trumps and harps mentioned in the Bible, and hence considered a good commercial name.

Now rare (chiefly English regional (northern) in later use).

1. A small, typically lyre-shaped musical instrument played using the mouth; = Jew's harp n. 1. Cf. trump n.¹ 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > other musical instruments > [noun] > Jews' harp

Jew's harp1481

Jew's trump1481

trumpc1550

juice harp1685

jaw harp1752

stang1808

guimbard1830

jawbone1844

Lochaber trump1863

mouth organ1877

mouth-harp1968

1481 Petty Customs Acct. in H. S. Cobb Overseas Trade of London (1990) 64 [2 grs.] Jue trumpes.

1545 Rates Custome House sig. bvj Iues trounks the grose iij.s. iiij.d.

1591 News fr. Scotl. (Roxb.) Geillis Duncan..did goe before them playing this reill or daunce uppon a small trumpe called a Jewes trump.

1678 T. Rymer Trag. Last Age 139 Our ears are rapt with the tintamar and twang of the Tongs and Jewstrumps.

1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xv. 68 I'll stake my Cremona to a Jew's trump.

1868 Dundee Courier & Argus 27 Jan. Two youths, one of whom was playing vigorously on a Jew's trump.

1928 Musical Times 69 508/2 Of old it [sc. the Jew's harp] was commonly called a ‘Jew's trump’, a name that may still be heard in some localities.

1997 Times 25 Aug. 21/3 Rycroft..was the first to describe clearly the true acoustical behaviour of the musical bow and to relate it to the Jews' trump, with which it shares a common repertoire in that area.

†2. derogatory and offensive. A Jewish person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > one who lends money > at interest

ten tribes971

gavellerc1200

usurerc1290

Caorsin1303

collybistc1380

ockererc1390

fenerator1447

usuraryc1450

usurier1480

user1566

fulker1568

money-monger1571

moneylender1598

twenty in the hundred1602

Jew's trump1605

putter-outa1616

money-bawd1631

chevisancer1633

use-man1633

Lombardeer1645

money-banker1677

bummaree1738

mahajan1852

sixty per cent1853

gombeen-man1862

1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe ii. sig. C3^v O 'tis a notable Iewes trump! I hope to liue to see dogs meate made of the old Vsurers flesh.

1679 T. D'Urfey Squire Oldsapp i. i. 6 Well, but a pox on thee, how dost thou do, Old Jewstrump?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	jews trump
释义	Jew's trumpn. Brit. /ˌdʒuːz ˈtrʌmp/, U.S. /ˈdʒuz ˌtrəmp/ Forms: α. late Middle English Jue trumpe, 1600s–1900s (English regional (northern) in later use) Jew trump. β. 1500s Iues trounk. γ. 1500s Jewes trump, 1500s–1600s Iewes trump, 1500s–1600s Iewes trumpe, 1600s Jewes trumpe, 1600s–1700s Jews trump, 1700s– Jew's trump, 1800s– Jews' trump. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Jew n., trump n.¹ Etymology: In α. forms < Jew n. + trump n.¹ In γ. forms partly < the genitive singular of Jew n. + trump n.¹, and partly < the genitive plural of Jew n. + trump n.¹ (See note on β. forms.) Compare Jew's harp n., which is now the usual name.In Scotland and the north of England the instrument is alternatively called simply trump n.¹ (compare sense 1b at that entry). Although this parallels the former French name †trompe (now superseded by guimbarde (1739 in this sense)), this French name of the instrument is first attested considerably later than in English (1680). The β. forms appear to show an alteration of the second element after trunk n.; N.E.D. (1901) adduced these forms to support a French origin, arguing that their second element probably reflected a mistranslation of Middle French, French trompe trunk of an elephant (1538 in this sense) as trunk n., but the much later attestation of the French noun in the sense of the small musical instrument makes this unlikely. The first element is evidently Jew n.; conjectures that the first element was an alteration of jaws , plural of jaw n.¹, or of French jeu game (see jeu de dames n.), lack any supporting evidence, and jaw harp n. is first attested several centuries later. However, the semantic motivation of the first element is unclear. The association of the instrument with Jewish people occurs, so far as is known, only in English. More or less satisfactory reasons may be conjectured, e.g. that the instrument was actually made, sold, or sent to England by Jewish people, or supposed to be so; or that it was attributed to Jewish people, as suggesting the trumps and harps mentioned in the Bible, and hence considered a good commercial name. Now rare (chiefly English regional (northern) in later use). 1. A small, typically lyre-shaped musical instrument played using the mouth; = Jew's harp n. 1. Cf. trump n.¹ 1b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > other musical instruments > [noun] > Jews' harp Jew's harp1481 Jew's trump1481 trumpc1550 juice harp1685 jaw harp1752 stang1808 guimbard1830 jawbone1844 Lochaber trump1863 mouth organ1877 mouth-harp1968 1481 Petty Customs Acct. in H. S. Cobb Overseas Trade of London (1990) 64 [2 grs.] Jue trumpes. 1545 Rates Custome House sig. bvj Iues trounks the grose iij.s. iiij.d. 1591 News fr. Scotl. (Roxb.) Geillis Duncan..did goe before them playing this reill or daunce uppon a small trumpe called a Jewes trump. 1678 T. Rymer Trag. Last Age 139 Our ears are rapt with the tintamar and twang of the Tongs and Jewstrumps. 1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xv. 68 I'll stake my Cremona to a Jew's trump. 1868 Dundee Courier & Argus 27 Jan. Two youths, one of whom was playing vigorously on a Jew's trump. 1928 Musical Times 69 508/2 Of old it [sc. the Jew's harp] was commonly called a ‘Jew's trump’, a name that may still be heard in some localities. 1997 Times 25 Aug. 21/3 Rycroft..was the first to describe clearly the true acoustical behaviour of the musical bow and to relate it to the Jews' trump, with which it shares a common repertoire in that area. †2. derogatory and offensive. A Jewish person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > one who lends money > at interest ten tribes971 gavellerc1200 usurerc1290 Caorsin1303 collybistc1380 ockererc1390 fenerator1447 usuraryc1450 usurier1480 user1566 fulker1568 money-monger1571 moneylender1598 twenty in the hundred1602 Jew's trump1605 putter-outa1616 money-bawd1631 chevisancer1633 use-man1633 Lombardeer1645 money-banker1677 bummaree1738 mahajan1852 sixty per cent1853 gombeen-man1862 1605 G. Chapman et al. Eastward Hoe ii. sig. C3^v O 'tis a notable Iewes trump! I hope to liue to see dogs meate made of the old Vsurers flesh. 1679 T. D'Urfey Squire Oldsapp i. i. 6 Well, but a pox on thee, how dost thou do, Old Jewstrump? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1481
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