Japaneseadj.n.

1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 375 There is no nation so abhorred of the Chinos as is the Iapones.]

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 288 Japponese Merchants.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Fayfena, a sort of Japonese galley.

1860 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 72 The Japanese trays are for the new drawing-room.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 July 4/2 What more picturesque than the Japanese umbrellas?

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies v. xxv. 401 A Iapponois reported this after hee was christened.

1613 R. Cocks in J. Saris Voy. Japan (1900) 151 The King made Proclamation that no Iapenese should receiue any of our people into their houses.

1655 E. Terry Voy. E.-India 129 I have taken speciall notice of divers Chinesaas, and Japanesaas there.

1693 T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 105 The Iapponeses prepare [tea]..quite otherwise than is done in Europe.

1707 Psalmanazar (title) Dialogue between a Japanese and a Formosan.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 93/2 All travellers who have been acquainted with both nations prefer the Japanese to the Chinese.

1828 in N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1861 Hoffmann (title) Shopping~dialogues in Dutch, English, and Japanese.

1880 F. M. Müller Ess. (1881) II. 338 A Chinese vocabulary with Sanskrit equivalents and a transliteration in Japanese.

c1908 E. T. Cook Cent. Bk. Gardening 71/1 The Japanese Anemone..was originally seen only in its pink-blossomed form.

1913 C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. i. vi. 87 All along the paths were masses of flowers, phloxes and early Michaelmas daisies and Japanese anemones.

1969 H. R. Fletcher Story Royal Hort. Soc. x. 151 All the ‘Japanese anemones’..are now grouped under the hybrid name of A. x elegans.

1883 List Vertebrated Animals Gardens Zool. Soc. (ed. 8) 22 Macacus speciosus... Japanese Ape.

1966 R. Morris & D. Morris Men & Apes i. 18 The famous three wise monkeys, See-no-evil, Hear-no-evil, and Speak-no-evil..are based on the Japanese ape (Macaca fuscata), a delightful monkey with a short, stumpy tail and a bright pink face that flushes scarlet when the animal is sexually active.

1902 Cycl. Amer. Hort.: R–Z 1714/1 Chorogi. Chinese or Japanese Artichoke. Knotroot.

1905 tr. Veg. Garden (Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie) (new ed.) 671 Stachys tubifera or Chinese or Japanese Artichoke... These rhizomes..are white, watery, and tender.

1970 A. L. Simon & R. Howe Dict. Gastron. 40/2 Artichokes, Japanese or Chinese. These are small tubers which one writer describes as looking like ‘petrified worms’.

1998 National Gardening Apr. 33/2 You might know it by one of its other names: Chinese or Japanese artichoke, chorogi, and knot-root.

1919 Rev. Appl. Entomol. A. VII. 101 Eradication work in connection with a Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) has been systematically undertaken.

1922 Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. 15 303 An efficient contact spray will no doubt have considerable application in the control of the Japanese beetle at this time.

1936 Discovery 17 36/1 The Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica)..accidentally introduced into America in the larval stage in a shipment of Japanese iris in 1916, has now invaded the eastern coastal states.

1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. xx. 431 The Asiatic Garden Beetle..is similar in habits to the Japanese beetle..but it flies only at night.

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. 179 Japanese boil'd Camphire may be had for one single Catti of the true Bornean Camphire.

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. 179 The Japanese Camphire-tree.

1880 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 574/2 Cryptomeria (Japanese cedar).

1954 New Biol. 16 97 The Japanese Cedar or Sugi, a tree found in China and Japan and, in the latter country, an important and abundant timber tree.

1901 Cycl. Amer. Hort.: N–Q 1452/2 Japanese Flowering Cherry.

1913 W. P. Wright Garden Trees & Shrubs xxvi. 215 The double Japanese Cherries..have beautiful rosy flowers.

1925 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 50 73 (title) Notes on Japanese cherries.

1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) II. 1085/2 It is only comparatively recently that the Japanese Cherries have been widely planted.

1972 G. Chadbund Flowering Cherries i. 16 As far as we know none of the upright garden varieties of Japanese cherries were introduced into the western world until 1894.

1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 16 Jan. 1/3 Similar conditions..gave rise to the belief that the Japanese current had changed its course.

1972 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 26 Mar. 16/1 The fickle Japanese current which sweeps in a circular motion across the Pacific.

1917 N. Douglas South Wind xxii. 271 Those Japanese flowers..those paper flowers, I mean, which we used to put in our finger-bowls... They look like shrivelled specks of cardboard. But in the water they begin..to unfold themselves into unexpected patterns of flowers of all colours.

1968 D. Hopkinson Incense-tree iv. 42 A Japanese flower in a glass of water slowly uncurling to reveal its coloured pattern.

1863 R. Alcock Capital of Tycoon i. iv. 103 We..gained a fine suite of apartments looking on to as beautiful a specimen of Japanese garden..as can well be conceived.

1902 C. H. Townsend in G. Brown European & Japanese Gardens 162 The composition of the Japanese garden depends chiefly upon the arrangement of its trees, boulders, paths, streams, bridges and other artificial structures. It is, least of all, a flower garden, and is probably best understood when regarded as a reduced copy of the scenery of a country—conveying the impression produced by a picture.

1912 Mrs. B. Taylor Japanese Gardens iv. 53 Seldom does a Japanese garden lack water, or the appearance of water, in its scenery.

1920 W. J. Locke House of Baltazar i. 13 The Japanese garden with its pond of great water-lilies and fairy bridge across.

1957 M. G. Sims tr. Yoshida Gardens of Japan i. 7 Much in the Japanese garden is merely symbolical of nature.

1957 M. G. Sims tr. Yoshida Gardens of Japan i. 9 The Japanese garden is monochrome, the European polychrome.

1971 S. Eliovson Gardening Japanese Way 26 Another misconception is that Japanese gardens are composed only of sand and stone.

1972 T. Ito (title) The Japanese garden—an approach to nature.

1880 L. Higgin Handbk. Embroidery i. 8 ‘Japanese gold thread’, which has the advantage of never tarnishing, is..made of gilt paper twisted round cotton thread.

1883 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden 155/2 I[ris] Kæmpferi (Japanese Iris). The large number of varieties in cultivation under this name have sprung from I. lævigata and I. setosa.

1900 Cycl. Amer. Hort.: E–M 822/1 There are few handsomer flowers than good forms of the white Japanese Iris.

1936 Discovery 17 86/2 An iris garden with special emphasis on Japanese Iris.

1895 Brit. Warehouseman Feb. 26/1 Japanese lanterns and Kakemonos (wall-pictures) are shown.

1901 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 2 Oct. 10/2 There, added to the effect of the bunting drapings and clusters of flags, three long strings of Japanese lanterns stretch from the roof.

1966 G. Baxt Queer Kind of Death (1967) xii. 174 The garden will be festooned with Japanese lanterns.

1861 Gardeners' Chron. 12 Jan. 23/1 The Japanese larch, A[bies] leptolepis of Zuccarini, is represented with cones four times larger than those sent home by Mr. Veitch.

1914 W. J. Bean Trees & Shrubs Hardy in Brit. Isles II. 8 The Japanese larch has been almost, although not wholly, immune from the attacks of larch canker.

1957 M. Hadfield Brit. Trees 46 In Britain the European and Japanese larches have been planted extensively.

1870 J. C. Patteson Let. 21 Dec. in C. M. Yonge Life J. C. Patteson (1874) II. xii. 488 I have such Japanese lilies making ready to put forth their splendours.

1943 R. Godden Rungli-Rungliot 45 What else is there in the garden? Wild coffee flowers, roses, Japanese lilies.

1894 H. O. Forbes Hand-bk. Primates II. 14 Nothing is known of the habits of the Japanese Macaque.

1967 J. R. Napier & P. H. Napier Handbk. Living Primates 405 Japanese macaque. Yellowish-brown shaggy fur.

1898 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 6) 379/1 The varieties of the Japanese Maple (A. palmatum) and its numerous forms..have been found of much interest for the garden.

1904 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 29 328 The popularly known ‘Japanese Maples’ are varieties of the two species Acer palmatum and Acer japonicum.

1973 C. Lloyd Foliage Plants x. 172 The beautiful but slow growing Japanese maple of the golden foliage is the corner piece at the back.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 462/1 The Loquat, or Japanese Medlar..is a native of Japan and the southern parts of China.

1950 G. Brenan Face of Spain iv. 80 The Japanese medlars with their fish-shaped leaves and thick snake-like branches.

1972 A. F. Simmons Growing Unusual Fruit 179 It [sc. the loquat] arrived in the Mediterranean area in the nineteenth century, under the name of the Japanese medlar.

1872 Proc. Zool. Soc. 780 (heading) Observations on the Macaques.—IV. The Japanese Monkey.

1932 S. Zuckerman Social Life Monkeys & Apes xix. 310 The Japanese monkeys are confined together.

1961–2 Primates (Inuyama, Japan) III. ii. 3 The Japanese monkey is an endemic species which usually inhabits the thick forests of the mountains which cover the greater part of the Japanese Islands.

1924 L. H. Bailey Man. Cultivated Plants 413 Japanese Pagoda-Tree. Round-headed deciduous tree attaining 60 ft., with spreading branches.

1973 Times 20 Feb. 16/3 The 152-year-old scholar tree, or Japanese pagoda tree, at Oxford University Botanic Garden is being felled because it is dying.

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan II. App. ii. 25 The Japanese paper is very tight and strong, and will bear being twisted into ropes.

1822 F. Shoberl tr. I. Titsingh Illustr. Japan ii. 319 Two hundred and thirty-four different flowers, painted with great truth on thin Japanese paper.

1877 Trans. Asiatic Soc. Japan V. 77 The kites are constructed of Japanese paper which is both thin and strong.

1889 tr. J. J. Rein Industries of Japan 391 The porosity of Japanese paper unfits it..for writing on with pen and ink.

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 325/2 Japanese Paper, made from the bark of Morus papifera sativa, used for expensive printing.

1905 F. H. Collins Author & Printer 190/2 Japanese paper, hand-made in Japan with vellum surface. Used for proofs of etchings and engravings.

1958 J. R. Biggs Woodcuts 90 The best Japanese papers are made from the fibres of the mulberry tree.

a1963 S. Plath Ariel (1965) 59 My head a moon Of Japanese paper.

1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 503 The fruit of X[anthoxylum] piperitum is employed by the Chinese and Japanese as a condiment... It is commonly termed in commerce, Japanese Pepper.

1972 Y. Lovelock Veg. Bk. iii. 344 The most important among these [members of the genus Zanthoxylum] include Chinese pepper (Z. bungei) and Japanese pepper (Z. aromaticum).

c1895 A. Beardsley Lett. (1971) 98 All the books I have left behind are at your disposal. Also a set of erotic Japanese prints.

a1922 T. S. Eliot Waste Land Drafts (1971) 33 line 140 A touch of art is given by the false Japanese print, purchased in Oxford Street.

1972 Country Life 5 Oct. 805/1 William Burges was collecting Japanese prints in the 1850s.

1900 Cycl. Amer. Hort.: A–D 427/1 Rarer kinds..are grafted in the greenhouse in early spring, on stock of the Japanese or common Quince.

1972 A. F. Simmons Growing Unusual Fruit 152 A species known often as Cydonia sinensis and classed with the Japanese quince or japonica..does not, however, belong to the same genus.

1883 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden 244/1 The palm for hardiness and decorativeness in exposed situations must be given to another Japanese Rose (Rosa rugosa).

1922 T. G. W. Henslow Rose Encycl. xiv. 176 The Japanese Rose (R. Rugosa). These roses are gaining in popularity every day.

1956 B. Park Collins' Guide to Roses xi. 196 R[osa] rugosa. The Ramanas Rose. The Japanese Rose. The typical form has deep purplish-pink single flowers.

1872 D. G. Rossetti Let. 18 Dec. (1967) III. 1108 If you could look in at Hewitt's one day, would you see what Japanese screens he has, and what he wants for them?

1881 C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork Mod. Homes iii. 151 A Japanese screen in the house is a liberal education to the follower of art-needlework.

1935 C. Isherwood Mr. Norris changes Trains xv. 254 In addition to the etchings and the Japanese screen, Arthur gave her three flasks of perfume.

1973 Country Life 22 Nov. 1691 A few delectable painted Japanese screens..averaged about £750 each.

1873 Young Englishwoman May 258 How to clean a white Japanese silk, which has got soiled in the wearing.

1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 79/3 Ladies' Japanese Silk Chemisette.

1863 R. Alcock Capital of Tycoon I. xv. 309 First I am to find a pair of well-bred Japanese dogs, ‘with eyes like saucers, no nose, the tongue hanging out at the side, too large for the mouth, and white and tan if possible’.]

1880 H. Dalziel Brit. Dogs iii. xiv. 445 At the New York Dog Show..they [sc. Japanese pugs] were classed as Japanese spaniels.

1894 R. B. Lee Hist. & Descr. Mod. Dogs: Non-sporting Div. xiii. 302 These little dogs are now called and identified as Japanese spaniels because they are supposed to have originally been brought from Japan.

1948 C. L. B. Hubbard Dogs in Brit. 253 The native Japanese spaniel is quite distinct from the Pekingese of China.

1971 F. Hamilton World Encycl. Dogs 524 One such rarity is what is known in its country of origin, Japan, as the Chin; in Britain as the Japanese; and in the Americas as the Japanese Spaniel.

1880 L. Higgin Handbk. Embroidery v. 51 Japanese Stitch is a modification of stem..taking very long stitches, and then bringing the needle back to within a short distance of the first starting-place.

1900 Knowledge Dec. 285/1 Japanese tissue paper used by dentists.

1936 Discovery May 157/2 Paste a good quality Japanese tissue on to both sides of the document.

1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 68 Japanese vellum paper, thick handmade paper with a vellum surface manufactured in Japan.

1923 H. A. Maddox Dict. Stationery 41 Japanese Vellum, a stout toned printing or cover paper with smooth surface and of exceptional strength made from long Japanese fibre by natural methods.

1952 J. Carter ABC for Book-collectors 109 Japanese vellum is a very costly paper, hand-made in Japan from the inner bark of the mulberry tree.

1902 Biometrika 2 101 (title) Note on the results of crossing Japanese waltzing mice with European albino races.

1943 H. Grüneberg Genetics Mouse iv. 50 Most stocks of Japanese waltzing mice are homozygous for it [sc. the gene for ‘recessive’ or piebald spotting].

1964 G. Durrell Menagerie Manor vii. 141 Rich people who do nothing all day long but revolve from one cocktail party to another, like a set of Japanese waltzing mice.

1904 Biometrika 3 6 The offspring produced by crossing a Japanese waltzer with an albino.

1943 H. Grüneberg Genetics Mouse iv. 85 Japanese waltzers differ slightly, but significantly, from albino mice in their temperature of choice.

1859 L. Oliphant Narr. Earl of Elgin's Mission China & Japan II. 257 Hitherto the most successful cargo brought to this country from Japan has been one of Japanese wax. Mr. Simmonds..gives the following account of Japan wax:—‘Rhus succedanea, the species which furnishes the Japan wax, has long been grown in our greenhouses, having been introduced from China nearly a century ago.’

1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. 522 From the fruits of R[hus] succedaneum, and probably other species, Japanese Wax is obtained.

1951 R. E. Kirk & D. F. Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. VI. 257 Heneicosanoic acid, C₂₁H₄₂O₂, has been reported to occur in Japanese wax and earth-nut oil, but the evidence presented indicates that it is not found in natural fats and waxes.

1878 Proc. Zool. Soc. 788 Judging from the present specimen the Japanese Wolf, although nearly allied to Canis lupus, would seem to be a distinct species, to be recognized by its smaller size and shorter legs.

1968 R. Fiennes & A. Fiennes Nat. Hist. Dog 160 Japanese wolves are very like the common northern wolves, but they are smaller.