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单词 item
释义

itemv.

Brit. /ˈʌɪtᵻm/, U.S. /ˈaɪdəm/
Etymology: < item n.
transitive. To set down or reckon up item by item; to enter as an item.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > list > [verb (transitive)]
telleOE
reckonc1175
titlea1325
reckonc1400
entitlec1430
recitea1475
recount1481
perusea1535
capitulate1566
recense1583
catalogue1598
item1601
renumerate1605
list1614
enumeratea1649
recenseate1657
cataloguize1820
to run down ——1833
reel1835
to call off1846
itemize1864
enumer1936
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > deal with or relate in detail > itemize
item1601
itemize1864
1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. iv. sig. G2 Here I haue Item'd forth what I am worth.
1615 E. Hoby Curry-combe i. 14 Had he Itemd the lampe oyle, as well as hee summed the Spanish wine, his intruding curiosity would haue passed with lesse blame.
1716 J. Addison Drummer iii. 32 I have Item'd it in my Memory.
1788 W. Cowper Stanzas for Year I..item down the victims of the past.
1855 G. H. Lewes Life & Wks. Goethe I. iii. ix. 303 A process which looked less heroic when item'd in the bill next day.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

itemadv.n.

Brit. /ˈʌɪtᵻm/, U.S. /ˈaɪdəm/
Etymology: < Latin item adverb, just so, in like manner, moreover, < is, id he, it + adverbial ending -tem. Used also in French as adverb (1290 in Godefroy Compl.) and as noun from the 16th cent.
A. adv.
Likewise, also. Used to introduce a new fact or statement, or, more frequently, each new article or particular in an enumeration, esp. in a formal list or document, as an inventory, household-book, will, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adverb]
ylikeeOE
alsoOE
with likec1175
swilk12..
in (also on and without preposition) like mannerc1330
in semblable case(s, in case(s semblable1390
item1398
in likec1400
semblably1420
in like wise1422
likelya1425
likewisec1443
alikewisec1450
ylikedealc1450
in like casea1459
ylikewise1460
otherwaysc1485
semblable1490
sic-like1513
like1529
seemably1535
likeways1551
agreeably1561
fellowlikea1569
alliably1593
likewisely1605
in specie1632
similarly1657
resemblingly1661
kindredly1765
evenwise1866
1398 in Rymer Fœdera (1709) VIII. 55 Item, it is Accordit and Ordaint that [etc.].
1398 in Rymer Fœdera (1709) VIII. 55 Item, for als mykil as [etc.].
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxviii. 288 Item, in this Yle..there is a manner of Wode, hard and strong.
1418 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 31 Item I be-quethe to the freres Menours of Bryggenorth..xl s. Item I bequethe..to the ffreres of Wodehouse xl s.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i Item my sone suppose it not a lytyll thynge to haue a good Frend.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 56 Item this yere was alle the chaunterys put downe. Item also the wacche at myd~somer was begonne agayne... Item also the byshoppe of Wenchester..preched before the kyng.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 236 It shalbe Inuentoried..As, Item two lippes indifferent redde, Item two grey eyes, with lids to them. View more context for this quotation
1733 H. Fielding Miser (London ed.) ii. i. 17 Item, Two Muskets, one of which only wants the Lock.
1781 W. Cowper Truth 152 Not a grace appears on strictest search, But that she fasts, and, item, goes to church.
1806 in W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Property VI. 315 He..added this clause—‘Item, All the houses and lands which I have given between my sons is to this purpose, that [etc.]’.
B. n.
1. A statement, maxim, or admonition such as was commonly introduced by the word item; a saying with a particular bearing. Hence, generally, an intimation, a hint. Esp. in verbal phrases, as to give (take, etc.) an item, also to give (take, etc.) item. Now U.S. local.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > hint or covert suggestion > [noun]
feelc1485
inkling1529
intimation1531
insinuation1532
by-warning1542
byword1542
item1561
cue1565
air1567
vent1613
insusurration1614
hinta1616
injection1622
indication1626
infusion1641
side glance1693
ground bass1699
touch1706
side view1747
sidewipe1757
allusion1766
penumbra1770
breath1795
slyness1823
by-hint1853
light1854
shove1857
suggestion1863
sous-entendu1865
point1870
sidewiper1870
sniff1936
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. (1634) iv. xii. 616 (margin) Two Items to the Church of Rome concerning the single life which they require in the order of Priests.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxv. xvi. 559 The Soothsayers aforesaid, had given an Item, and foretold, that this prodigious sight perteined properly unto the chiefe captaine.
1608 S. Hieron 6 Serm. i. 14 That nothing be lost, it was one of our Sauiours Items.
1684 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 2nd Pt. ii. 150 He..has Need of an Itum, to caution him to take heed, every Moment of the Day. View more context for this quotation
1704 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus II. i. 14 Getting item thereof, he departed to the Sea.
1786 E. Inchbald Such Things Are 51 in Br. Theat. If my friend had not given me an item of this I should think her downright angry.
a1860 Spirit of Times (N.Y.) The minit yer get item that I'm back, set off for the cross-roads.
2.
a. An article or unit of any kind included in an enumeration, computation, or sum total; an entry or thing entered in an account or register, a clause of a document, a detail of expenditure or income, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > [noun] > one thing
singularityc1374
simple1483
one1543
othing1555
unary1576
item1578
unity1587
single1646
individual1659
1578 T. White Serm. Pawles Crosse 3 Nov. 1577 50 The lawe layeth no Item to youre charge.
1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 42 His grace had need to prouide a bag ful of Items for you, if you be so liberal.
1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. ix. sig. F7v That makes not the purse empty, and the houshold-booke rich in Items.
1606 T. Dekker Newes from Hell sig. D2v Our Vant'currer..offred to pay some of the Tauerne Items.
1765 W. Cowper Let. 3 Dec. (1979) I. 126 That I may return as particular an Answer to your Letter as possible, I will take it Item by Item.
1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 87 Timber is an important item in the national revenue.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. iii. 53 I have to spend a good deal in that way; it is a large item.
1961 Lancet 12 Aug. 358/2 Questions [set]..included items that the undergraduate who had read something more..than an introductory text could be expected to answer.
1970 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 82 63 A person may agree with an item and its opposite because he believes statements worded in the dogmatic (authoritarian) direction but agrees with a reversed item because of the high social desirability of this item.
b. A detail of information or news, esp. one in a newspaper.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > journalism > journal > matter of or for journals > [noun] > item
item1819
1819 B. E. O'Meara Expos. Trans. St. Helena 11 The general accuracy of these items may be inferred.
1865 J. R. Lowell Scotch Snake in Prose Wks. (1890) V. 241 We cannot estimate the value of the items in our daily newspapers.
1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 130 This item kind of description.
1888 J. Inglis Tent Life Tigerland 2 Filling my sporting journal with many items of more than ordinary interest.
c. Computing. Any quantity of data treated as a unit, such as a field, a group of fields, or a record.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > data > database > [noun] > unit of data
data point1910
data field1929
descriptor1954
item1954
record1957
data packet1959
field1959
struct1971
datagram1976
1954 Computers & Automation May 17/2 Item, a set of one or more fields containing related information.
1958 Computer Jrnl. 1 71/1 Let us call the units which are to be sorted items.
1958 Computer Jrnl. 1 71/2 If every item of data has a unique key, complete sorting will result in each place holding no more than one item.
1958 Computer Jrnl. 1 72/2 A typical item in commercial data is an 80-column punched card.
1964 A. Lytel Fund. Data Processing (1965) iv. 108 Information is stored in variable-length memory areas called fields... Consecutive fields can be combined to form a larger unit of information called an item. Grouping fields to form an item simplifies the manipulation of related~data fields, and minimizes the number of instruction executions required to move consecutive fields within the main memory.
1967 B. S. Walker Introd. Computer Engin. vi. 157 The field or item is typically a group of letters or numbers, in association, to mean a name, or reference number, or a heading of some kind.
1971 Computers & Humanities 6 67 Each item file is composed of an open-ended sequence of variable length records called ‘items’, every item being the description of one entity.
d. A member of a set of linguistic units.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > linguistic unit
isolate1949
item1954
1954 Word 10 230 ‘Items’..are either morphemes or sequences of morphemes, but still one has to contend with the independent status of order, constructions, and hierarchical structure. Even so, there is a clear difference between taking some phonemic material as ‘root’ (= item) and some as ‘marker’ of processes.
1964 R. A. Hall Introd. Ling. vi. 34 The first group [of linguistic analysts] wish to limit their description strictly to an enumeration of items and the arrangements or sequences in which they are found... The other group..take into account the passage of time when the observer moves from one part of his material to another... This approach is based on a listing of items involved and of ‘processes’ which the items ‘undergo’.
1964 R. A. Hall Introd. Ling. vi. 35 In some respects, the item-and-process (IP) approach is closer to our traditional type of grammatical description than is the item-and-arrangement (IA) approach.
1964 M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. ii. 24 In English..‘chair’ is a lexical item: it operates as an item in open set choices. ‘the’, ‘chair’, the ‘-s’ in ‘chairs’, ‘in case’..are grammatical items.
1970 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 15 95 This system grew out of a union of the item-and-process approach to linguistics with automata theory.
1971 T. F. Mitchell in Archivum Linguisticum 2 64 In the English-speaking world of linguists little more than ten short years ago, the talk was of grammatical models labelled ‘Item and Arrangement’, ‘Item and Process’, and ‘Word and Paradigm’.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.
ΚΠ
1859 E. H. N. Patterson in L. Hafen Overland Routes to Gold Fields (1942) 68 This..is one of those cases, probably, that will remain a mystery only to be solved when the great item book of the recording angel shall be opened to justify the final sentence.
1961 Lancet 12 Aug. 359/2 Item analysis showed that there were fairly large differences between the groups on a few questions, and these were seen to be due to specific differences in teaching.
1970 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 82 166 Item-item and item-test correlations were computed.
1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 86 221 An item analysis technique was used to select those items that discriminated between the high and low scores by 20 percentage points.

Draft additions May 2001

colloquial (originally U.S.). A pair of lovers, a couple; to be an item: (of a couple) to be involved in an established romantic or sexual relationship, esp. a socially acknowledged one.
ΚΠ
1970 ‘T. Coe’ Jade in Aries xv. 109 ‘What was Maundy's relationship with Dearborn?’ Remington said, ‘They were an item once, long ago... Before Ronnie.’
1984 T. McGuane Something to be Desired v. 48 She and the doctor were soon a hot item.
1996 Just Seventeen 14 Aug. 6/2 My mate had a fling with one of his and they hung out together, even though they weren't officially an item.
2000 Heat 13 Jan. 20/2 We want to remain friends but we are no longer an item.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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v.1601adv.n.1398
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更新时间:2025/3/21 17:26:05